从中西方谚语中探索中西方文化的差别
- 格式:doc
- 大小:82.50 KB
- 文档页数:17
从谚语看中西时间观念差异中国有句古话:岁岁年年花相似,年年岁岁人不同。
在中国的传统文化中,把昼夜交替,春去冬来看做时时间的周而复始,倾向生命是轮回的,“来生再见” “三生有幸”,这辈子,没有做到的事情下辈子还可以弥补,因此,中国人的时间观念是环形的,有一种充裕感,喜好回顾历史。
前事不忘,后事之师,过去的经验,是将来行为的借鉴,体现了中国人对于过去的历史的重视和崇尚,做事喜欢引经据典,追本溯源,循规蹈矩,类似的还有“前车之鉴”等。
西方人的时间观念是线式的,起点始于亚当和夏娃偷吃禁果,犯下“原罪”,从而开始了人类的繁衍,时间随着创世开始了。
Not to know a man from Adam这个熟语体现了西方文明中的时间是有起点的。
这个起点就是“原罪”。
“a day of final judgement”,即“世界末日”。
根据基督教,“世界末日”是接受最后审判的日子,人类以“原罪”为起点,不断忏悔、赎罪,接受了最终的审判后,被解救者将进入七重天,获得永恒的幸福。
时间自创世始,又随末日审判而终,进入无时间状态。
英语中反映出的时间观念是一条有始有终的直线。
西方人认为,活在当下,抓住现在才能走向明天。
There is a good day coming. “好日子就要来临”,不管现在和过去如何,将来都是“a good day”,现在和过去都不重要,重要的是将来。
象这样更看重将来的熟语还有“He laughs best who laughs last”,“Better the last smile than the first laughter”,“He loses indeed that loses at last”,“The end crowns all”等等。
中国人习惯把时间抽象化自然化,“只争朝夕”中“朝”指“日”,即白昼,“夕”指“日暮”,即夜晚。
“朝夕”在这里就是指“时间”。
类似的还有“多事之秋”、“一朝一夕”、“千秋大业”、“朝朝暮暮”等。
中西方日常交际中的文化差异(商务英语专业082班,孙静)摘要:汉语与英语中有大量的日常对话,由于地域文化、历史文化、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及历史典故的不同,日常交际中也呈现出诸多文化差异。
随着经济全球化、信息全球化时代的到来,中国与西方国家之间的交流和合作越来越密切。
但是,由于缺乏对西方国家文化背景的了解,在中国人与西方人交际的过程中,出现了一些交际障碍和误解,本文主要就日常交际中容易引起误会的中文化差异进行分析和比较。
There are quite a lot of daily dialogues both in Chinese and English, however, because of the differences of background, history, custom, religion and history story’s culture, there exists lots of culture differences in daily conversation. With the coming of globalization of economy and information, the cooperation between China and Western countries is becoming closer. Yet, due to the lack of culture background of western countries, there exists some barriers and misunderstandings during the communication between Chinese and western people. And this article aims to analyze and compare the culture differences between China and western countries which are more likely causing misunderstandings.关键词:中西方文化;日常交际;差异中西方使用两种不同的语言汉语和英语,它们各有反映着本身独特的文化背景和凝重的历史传统,因而在日常交际中也存在着许多差异。
浅议习语中的中西方文化差异摘要语言是文化的一面镜子,文化的差异在词汇的文化内涵上会有所反映。
作为语言发展的结晶,习语与文化关系密切,习语是各国文化的精髓,它们真切地反映了本民族历史以来的生活,反映了各国不同的习俗。
对同一句话的理解不同文化背景的人的反应有时是不同的,甚至可能会截然相反。
由于地理条件、历史文化、价值观念、宗教信仰、生活习俗等方面的种种差异,英汉习语承载着不同的民族文化特色和文化信息,它们与文化传统密不可分。
关键词文化差异地理条件历史文化宗教信仰生活习俗习语(idioms)包括成语、俗语、谚语、格言、惯用语、歇后语、典故、俚语、行话等,是一种在结构上与意义上都比较稳定的语言结构。
它是多民族语言中的精华与瑰宝,语言精炼、通俗易懂、内容精辟、含义深刻、感染力广泛且具有浓厚的民族文化色彩和鲜明的文化内涵。
同时,习语又受文化的影响,反映其文化特征。
英汉两种语言历史悠久,包含着大量的习语,其表现形式音节优美,音律协调,它们或含蓄、幽默、或严肃、典雅,不仅言简意赅,而且形象生动妙趣横生,给人一种美的享受。
语言作为文化的一个组成部分,反映一个民族丰富多彩的文化现象,而对英汉习语的学习有助于我们掌握不同民族语者的真实语言,了解语言背后所隐藏着的丰富而有趣的文化信息。
一、英汉习语体现自然地理环境特征自然环境是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,不同的自然环境对民族文化的形成和发展有着不同的影响,而生活在不同自然环境中的人则会形成不同的文化, 每种文化因其地域、气候环境的不同而具有不同的特征, 习语恰恰包含了这些独特的文化特征。
中华民族生活在广袤肥沃的东亚大陆上,中国自古以来就是一个典型的农业大国,土地在中华文化中占有特殊地位。
因此, 汉语中有相当一部分与农业和土地有关的成语。
如“安土重迁”“五谷丰登”“寸土必争”“地大物博”等。
英国是众多岛屿构成大的岛国,为了生存人们不得不时常与恶劣的海洋气候相抗争。
在征服自然的过程中, 英语中形成了许多与海洋有关的习语。
浅谈谚语中的中西文化差异作者:马青来源:《校园英语·下旬》2016年第04期【摘要】本文从分析谚语作为一个民族的文化的载体,反映了与其民族的文化背景,在动物词的运用、宗教方面的映射、环境的影响等方面,总结出中西方的文化差异。
【关键词】谚语中西方文化动物词历史宗教环境谚语有着它无可替代的魅力,这种魅力体现着谚语不仅是一个民族的文化瑰宝,又是一个国家的人民在日常生活中积累的宝贵经验的概括及总结。
语言与文化相辅相成。
文化包含着语言,语言中又渗透着文化;语言与文化,既相互制约又互相影响。
首先从现代社会学的角度去分析,语言是文化的根基,即“没有语言,何来文化?”;而任何一种文化都是独一无二的,即独特、互不相同;其次从马克思主义辩证唯物主义论的角度去分析,语言会受文化的影响,却又能反映出文化。
总之,语言是一个民族的特征,它不仅包含该民族的历史和文化背景,而且蕴涵着该民族人民在其生活经验中的态度、思想。
谚语作为语言的一种,不仅在内容上的表现手法简练精辟,在寓意中更能发人深省;它不仅具有广泛地感染力,还可以反应出一个国家的地理、历史、社会制度以及生活哲理。
谚语是出自民间的警示箴言或至理名言,不仅在用词上趋于简练、便于记忆,在用句上,语言生动、切合实际;而且在理解范畴因句子短小而通俗易懂。
可以说是集该民族人民的聪慧、精神和经验的结晶。
本文就中西方谚语在宗教信仰、习俗差异、历史文化等方面的差异与共性,研究各自特点。
一、关于谚语中的中西文化差异是多方面的,首先是习俗上的差异中西方谚语的最典型差异,就是以动物词为主体的习俗方面的差异。
究其原因,无外乎是相同的动物词在中西文化背景中除了其固有的字面意义外,还存在着文化内涵方面的不同。
众所周知,含有动物词的谚语在英汉语言文学中的数量相当庞大,而且构成了谚语文化中的一个重要组成部分。
比如说一个动物词“狗”,狗在汉语意义中是种卑微的动物,如果在中国,被对方比做是狗,那将是很恶劣的中伤。
浅谈中西方谚语的文化差异学生:罗玲指导老师:谷一明摘要:谚语是语言文化的瑰宝,它以其深刻、简练的语言浓缩了各民族的历史文化,反映了劳动人民的生活实践经验。
透过谚语的窗口来窥探中西方文化中的风俗习惯、宗教文化及思维方式的差异,令人更深刻的感悟到谚语传递的文化蕴含。
本文着重从谚语折射出的对生存环境、风俗习惯、宗教信仰和道德观念四方面来探讨中西方文化的差异。
通过对中西方谚语的对比研究折射出的文化差异,展现了中西方文化差异带来的异域风情!关键词:谚语;中西方;文化差异;Cultural Differences between English and Chinese ProverbsAbstract: Proverbs are a treasure of language culture, with its profound and concise language condensing history and culture of various nationalities. Most reflect the practical experience of working people's life. Through the proverbial window to spy the differences of Western and Chinese social customs and habits religion, and way of thinking, people come to perceive more profound cultural implication passed on by proverbs. This article focuses on the living environment, customs, religious beliefs and moral conception reflected by the proverbs, in these four aspects to explore differences between Western Chinese culture.Through the comparative study of Chinese and Western proverbs, this demonstrates the exotic differences between Chinese and Western culture.Key words: proverbs;west and east; cultural differences;ContentsIntroductionPart I The definition,classifications and features of proverbs1.1The definition of proverbs1.2The classifications of proverbs1.3The features of proverbs1.3.1The particular syntactic structurePart II The functions of proverbs2.1 The phatic communication2.2 Cultivation of mind and formation of behavior2.3 Perception of the nature2.3.1 Experience of observing weather2.3.2 Awareness of creature’s survival and reproduction2.4 Summarizing the experience of life2.4.1 appropriate way of interpersonal relationship2.4.2 experience obtained from workPart III Cultural Difference between Western and Chinese proverbs3.1 Different way of life3.1.1 The majority of English proverbs concerning sailing,fishing3.1.2 Chinese proverb associated more with agricultural production3.1.3 Geography determines the way of life3.2 Proverbs demonstrate the different customs3.2.1 Different culture of pets3.2.2 The valuation of etiquette3.2.1.4 Chinese value friendship3.2.1.5 Westerners are self-centered3.3 Proverbs reflects the differences of religious belief3.3.1 Most westerners believe in Christian3.3.1.1 God is the supreme god3.3.1.2 Advocation of equality3.3.2 Chinese largely believe in buddhism,taonism,confucianism3.3.2.1 Atheism,believe in the power of abstraction3.3.2.2 Hierarchical,class-oriented from person to person3.4 Proverbs embodies the differences of the moral conception3.4.1 The different value of the public reputation3.4.3 Ongoing discrimination against chinese women3.4.4 western women are of high statusConclusionBibliography。
毕业论文题目: 中外谚语折射中西方文化差异院(系):专业年级: 英语2010级姓名: 张娜学号:指导教师:2012年03月10日中外谚语折射中西方文化差异[摘要] 谚语是语义相对完整的固定句子。
使用时可作为句子成分,也可作为独立的交际单位,表达完整的意思。
在英语教学中大量使用英语谚语,不仅可以使学生了解各国的历史、文化和风土人情,丰富知识,扩大视野,还使学生在形象感受中对其深刻内容牢记不忘,所以说,学习谚语对于学好英语有很大的帮助。
谚语内容精辟,语言生动,短小精悍,通俗易懂,因而有广泛的感染力。
因此,进行汉、英谚语的文化含义研究,对语言文化研究有重要意义。
语言与文化是分不开的。
语言是文化的一部分,但是它又是一种特殊的文化。
语言与文化间的关系,是双向的影响制约的关系。
在文化上,谚语既反映人类共同的认识,又反映民族文化的差异。
充分弘扬人类共同的知识财富,又能相互吸收民族文化的精华,是研究和使用谚语时应该兼顾的。
[关键词]语言,谚语,文化,差异目录1.前言.................................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
4 2.英汉谚语差异的具体表现.. (5)2.1 二级标题 (5)2.2 二级标题 (7)2.2 二级标题 (9)2.2 二级标题 (11)2.2 二级标题 (12)2.2 二级标题 (14)3.结论 (15)参考文献 (17)中外谚语折射中西方文化差异一、前言首先我们先来了解一下何为谚语。
谚语是语义相对完整的固定句子。
使用时可作为句子成分,也可作为独立的交际单位,表达完整的意思。
谚语以最简短的形式表达最丰富的内容,语言生动活泼,富有生活气息。
不少谚语以形象的比喻阐述事物的规律,具有很深的哲理。
在英语教学中大量使用英语谚语,不仅可以使学生了解各国的历史、文化和风土人情,丰富知识,扩大视野,还使学生在形象感受中对其深刻内容牢记不忘,所以说,学习谚语对于学好英语有很大的帮助。
摘要谚语是意义完整的固定句子,是一种重要的语言形式。
在不同文化的谚语中,相同的物体和行为往往被赋予不一样的含义和思想感情。
本文研究的目的便是通过研究英汉谚语来探索中西方文化的差异。
文章首先从谚语的构成方面比较了英汉谚语的差异,然后从中西方人们的居住环境、人文思想、道德观念、宗教信仰和风俗习惯五个方面对英汉谚语进行比较和分析,并总结出中西文化在这些方面的差异。
通过本文对英汉谚语的研究和总结,我们将学习到两种谚语的不同文化内涵,更重要的是,这有助于我们更加正确地使用英汉谚语。
因此,研究中西方谚语之间的文化差异具有重大的理论和现实意义。
关键词:谚语;中西方文化;差异AbstractProverb is a complete sentence,and it is an important form of language. In the different proverbs that from different culture, the same things and the same behavior show represent different means and different feelings. The paper is aimed to explore the cultural differences between Chinese and Western proverbs. Firstly, the author analysis the differences from their unique characteristics, then summarizes the differences of living environment, humanistic idea, moral views, religious beliefs and social customs between Chinese culture and Western one by comparing and analyzing Chinese proverbs and English ones. Through the study and summary of this paper we will learn the different cultural connotation from different culture. What’s more, we will use Chinese and Western proverbs more easily and more accurately. So it is no exaggeration to say that a comparison between English and Chinese proverbs is of great practical and theoretical significance.Key words: Proverbs; Western and Chinese culture; differencesAcknowledgementsI would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Xia Li, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. Without her encouragement, insightful criticism and gracious guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the teachers in Foreign Languages School, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.OutlineⅠ. IntroductionⅡ. The Characteristics and Impact of ProverbsA. The Unique Characteristics of Proverbs1. Form of Characters2. Sentence Pattern3. Rhetorical DevicesB. The Position and Role of Proverbs in the Real LifeⅢ. The cultural differences of Chinese and Western ProverbsA. Proverbs of Living EnvironmentB. Proverbs of Humanistic IdeaC. Proverbs of Moral Views1. The Attitude Towards Reputation2. The View of Love3. Filial Duty4. The Attitude Towards WomanD. Proverbs of Religious Beliefs1. God and no God2. The Idea of Equality and GradeE. Proverbs of CustomⅣ.ConclusionCultural Differences between Chinese and English Proverbs Ⅰ. IntroductionDuring the etymology, proverb is defined as a settled saying accompanied with the long history. In the modern version of the Dictionary, proverbs indicated these briefly, popular and meaningful sentences which are popular in folk among traditional social of China. In western, many English dictionaries have the analogous definition which is popular short saying with words of advice or warning. There are many proverbs in our daily life and be used very popular during our daily life.“Genius wit and spirit of a nation are discovered by their proverbs.”said by Bacon, a well-known British writer. Every nation has abundant proverbs in their own native language, which were using reflect their life experience, thoughts and feelings.Ⅱ. The Characteristics and Impact of ProverbsA.The Unique Characteristics of ProverbsAs a quintessence of native language, proverbs have many unique characteristic which different from other language forms. Next we will introduce its characteristics through the three aspects include characters form, sentence pattern structure and rhetorical device.1. Form of CharactersProverb is summarizes of labor practice of the masses, it has a heavy flavor of life. The English and Chinese proverbs have regular sentence pattern and shapely syllable, it selects the words is very refined. Proverbs can express luxuriant idea content with highly condensed language. It has highly ability of generalizing, which aimed at reflect a profound moral vividly. It displayed mainly follow the three points: First of all, proverbs always using small amount of words and flat structure to compress the abundant content. These sentences, which are dapper, crisp andfinger-popping, embodies the language feature of English and Chinese native. For example: Live and learn(活到老,学到老);After rain comes sunshine(雨过天晴).In our native proverbs, there are also many examples like: 物以类聚,人以群分;两人伴,三人散。