AM-C3孔金属化设备使用说明书

141AM3微机综合保护装置安装使用说明书V1.30安科瑞电气股份有限公司版权所有，未经本公司之书面许可，此手册中任何段落，章节内容均不得被摘抄、拷贝或以任何形式复制、传播，否则一切后果由违者自负。

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第一章装置介绍 (1)1概述 (1)2功能配置 (1)2.1保护功能 (1)2.2测控功能 (2)第二章技术参数 (2)1额定参数 (2)1.1工作电源 (2)1.2信号电压输入 (2)1.3信号电流输入 (2)2技术指标 (2)2.1测量元件特性 (2)2.2接点容量 (2)3使用环境 (2)4电气安全性 (3)4.1绝缘电阻 (3)4.2介质强度 (3)4.3冲击电压 (3)5电磁兼容性 (3)6机械性能 (3)6.1振动(正弦) (3)6.2冲击 (3)6.3碰撞 (3)第三章装置操作说明 (4)1前面板说明 (4)2按键说明 (4)3菜单说明 (5)3.1菜单结构 (5)3.2幅值显示 (6)3.3DI显示 (7)3.4遥测显示 (7)3.5遥信显示 (7)3.6定值显示 (7)3.7版本显示 (7)3.8时钟设置 (8)3.9定值修改 (8)3.10装置地址修改 (8)3.11通讯设置 (8)3.12软压板设置 (9)3.13遥控操作 (9)3.14出错报告 (9)3.15事件记录 (9)3.16调试功能（制造商使用，略） (10)第四章安装与接线 (10)1外形及开孔尺寸 (10)2装置背部端子图及接线方法 (11)2.1背部端子 (11)2.2接线方法 (11)2.2.2PT测控接线 (13)3.防跳模块 (13)第五章维护及其他问题处理 (14)附录A装置出厂默认定值表 (14)附录B装置事件记录清单 (16)第一章装置介绍1概述AM3系列微机综合保护装置，集保护、测量、控制功能于一体，适用于10kV及以下电压等级的配电线路和变压器保护，体积小巧，就地安装于中置柜、环网柜等，应用领域覆盖电力、水利、交通、石油、化工、煤炭、冶金等行业。

使用說明書PRC-CM03為充分發揮本機功能,在您使用前請詳細閱讀本說明書,並妥善保存,作為日後參考手提MP3/CD音響目錄(一)本機特點及緊急處理方法＆警告 (2)(二)安全注意事項 (3)(三)免責聲明 (3)(四)外型及各部位名稱 (4)(五)安裝方法 (5)(六)規格 (5)(七)功能操作 (6)功能選擇 (6)音量調整 (6)調諧電台 (6)CD/MP3唱片的使用 (7)CD/MP3唱片的播放 (7)搜尋特定樂曲 (7)搜尋特定歌曲片段 (8)重複播放 (8)低音加強功能 (8)程序播放記憶 (9)外部音源功能 (9)耳機使用 (9)(八)保養 (10)(九)故障排除 (10)1˙HI/FI立體聲˙具播放CD/MP3/收音機功能˙AM(MONO)/FM立體聲收音˙具有耳機插孔˙CD 20首及MP3 99首曲目編輯播放功能。

˙具重複播放、資料夾重複播放、單曲重複播放及隨機播放功能˙具外部音源輸入擴音功能˙具低音加強功能2在使用本機之前，應仔細閱讀下列事項及使用說明，閱後並請妥為收存，以備將來參考：1.本機請勿置於雨中、濕氣中或避免陽光直射及遠離其他會產生熱能的裝置。

2.本機放置位置請勿太靠近電視、電腦、錄影機及手機，以免遭受干擾，產生誤 動作。

003.使用本機的工作溫度為5～35C。

4.長期不使用本機時，應將其電源線插頭從插座內拔出。

5.請勿將雜物或液體從機身開口處進入機身內部。

6.當本機出現下列情況時，應請合格的維修人員進行維修：A：故障或液體落入本機內。

B：雜物或液體落入本機內。

C：受到雨淋。

D：無法正常操作或性能出現明顯變化。

E：不慎跌落或外殼受損。

7.請勿擅自拆下任何蓋子、內部裝置或調校內部裝置，請交由本公司專業人員進 行維修。

8.使用耳機時，請勿將音量調太大聲，以免聽力受損。

9.當耳朵產生耳鳴時，應將音量調小或取消耳機使用。

10.當使用開放式耳機時，請勿將音量調太大聲，以避免聽不到周遭的聲音。

3-phase solid state relays with integrated heatsinkBenefitsDescription • Panel space savings. Concentrated power; the RGC 3-phase switching range can handle up to 65 AAC per pole (or 75 AAC for 2-pole switching) in a 70 mm wide footprint.• Long lifetime. Wire bonding technology reduces thermal and mechanical stresses of the output chips resulting in a larger number of possible operational cycles compared to other assembly technologies.• Low machine downtime. Integrated overvoltage protection prevents the solid state relay from breaking down due to uncontrolled transients that may occur on the lines.• Ease of use. The RGC2A and RGC3A are ready to use solutions provided with integrated heatsink thus eliminating the need for the user to calculate the size of heatsink needed for adequate thermal dissipation.• Fast wiring . Power connections for models rated ≥30 Aare equipped with terminals that can handle cables up to25 mm 2 / AWG3 cables.• Integrated monitoring for timely detection of malfunctions. Optional feature on the 3-phase RGC series that enables detection of mains loss, overtemperature and solid state relay or load malfunction.• Accommodates UL508A requirements for Industrial Control Panels. The RGC 3-phase range is certified as alisted product. All models carry a 100 kArms Short Circuit Current Rating.This product is intended to replace mechanical contactors especially when switching is frequent. The smallest product width in the RGC2, RGC3 range is 54 mm (3xDIN) and goes up to 70 mm. 2-pole and 3-pole switching options are available.Apart from resistive and slightly inductive loads, the RGC is certified for motor switching with associated motor ratings. A green LED gives indication of control voltage presence. Fan operation is controlled for the versions which have an integrated fan.Detection of SSR overheat, mains loss, SSR malfunction and load loss is possible with the RGC..M versions. An EMR alarm output is available for remote signaling. An additional feature with the RGC..M is the electronic auxiliary output. The RGC..M has additional LEDs for load status and alarm status indication.Specifications are at a surrounding temperature of 25°C unless otherwise specified.RGC2, RGC3ApplicationsPlastic injection machines, Extrusion machines, Blow moulding machines, Thermoformers, Dryers, Electrical ovens, Fryers, Shrink tunnels, Air handling units, Sterilisation equipment, Climatic chambers, Ovens and furnaces.Main features• 3-phase zero cross switching solid state contactor for 3-pole or 2-pole switching • Ratings up to 660 VAC 75 AAC/pole (RGC2A), 65 AAC/pole (RGC3A) @ T A 40°C• Optionally integrated monitoring for SSR and load malfunction with alarm output for remote signalling with the RGC..MOrder codeEnter the code entering the corresponding option instead of . Refer to selection guide section for valid part numbers.Selection guide - 2-pole switching, 1-pole direct (RGC2)Selection guide - 2-pole switching, 1-pole direct with monitoring (RGC2..M)KKE: input terminals = screw, output terminals = screwKGE: input terminals = screw, output terminals = box clampGKE: input terminals = box clamp, output terminals = screwGGE: input terminals = box clamp, output terminals = box clampOrder codeEnter the code entering the corresponding option instead of . Refer to selection guide section for valid part numbers.Selection guide - 3-pole switching with monitoring (RGC3..M) - DIN rail mount versionsKKE: input terminals = screw, output terminals = screwKGE: input terminals = screw, output terminals = box clamp GKE: input terminals = box clamp, output terminals = screwGGE: input terminals = box clamp, output terminals = box clampSelection guide - 3-pole switching (RGC3) - DIN rail mount versionsCarlo Gavazzi compatible componentsSelection guide - 3-pole switching (RGC3) - Panel mount versionsStructureRGC..MRGCBoth RGC and RGC..M are available in DIN rail and panel mount versions. DIN rail mount solutions at higher current ratings include forced ventilation. Check 'Dimensions' sections for further information.FeaturesGeneral dataPerformanceRGC2.. Output1. Refer to Current Derating Curves. Max. VDE AC-51 rating for RGC2..10 is 9AAC2. Overload profile for AC-53a;Ie: AC-53a: xIe-Tx: F-S, where Ie = nominal current (AC-53a AAC), xIe = overload current (AAC), Tx = duration of overload current (s), F = duty cycle (%), S = number of starts. Example; 5A: AC-53a: 30 - 6 : 50 - 10 = max. 10 starts for the RGC2..10 with an overload profile of 30 A for 6 seconds with a duty cycle of 50%.RGC3.. Output2. Overload profile for AC-53aInputsMotor Ratings: HP (UL508) / kW (EN/IEC 60947-4-2) @ 40°CInput current vs input voltage RG..DRG..A0.50mA2.50mA 4.50mA 6.50mA 8.50mA 10.50mA 12.50mA 5V6V8V10V12V14V16V18V20V22V24V26V28V30V32VInput current vs Input voltage RG..D..D.., RG..D..A..0.00mA1.00mA2.00mA3.00mA4.00mA5.00mA 20V60V90V110V150V200V230V275VInput current vs Input voltage RG..A..A..RG..D..D..RG..D..A..Input current vs Input voltageInput current vs Input voltageInput current vs Input voltageInput current vs Input voltagePower supply specifications (Us)3. Refer to Electromagnetic Compatability section for further details4. When supplied from secondary circuit with short circuit limit of 1500 VAAlarm output specifications (12, 14, 11)Auxiliary output specifications (22, 24, 21)Current derating 010203040506070809020253035404550556065707580L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC2..75..DF RGC2..75..DFMRGC2..75..AF, AFM (up to 60°C)RGC2..40RGC2..40..DMRGC2..40..AM (up to 60°C)RGC2..25RGC2..25..DMRGC2..25..AM (up to 60°C)RGC2..10(max. 9AAC for VDE)RGC2RGC3Derating vs. Spacing Curves2468101201020304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C Surrounding Ambient Temperature in °CStandalone 20mm andover 10mm0mmRGC2..10Standalone 20mm andover10mm 0mmRGC3..10TempCurrent Temp Current 0°C 26.8A 0°C 32.0A 25°C 26.8A25°C32.0A80°C9.5A 80°C12.5A0mm10mm0510152025303520304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C Surrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC2..2510mm 0mm010203040506020304050607080L o a d C ur r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C Surrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC2..4010mm 0mmTemp Current 0°C 14.3A 25°C 14.3A 40°C 9.8A 70°C 3.0A 80°C0.0A0mmTemp Current 0°C 14.3A 25°C 14.3A40°C 9.8A 70°C 3.0A 80°C0.0A0mm 0510152025303520304L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurrounRGC3..250510152025303520304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C Surrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC2..2510mm0mm10203040506020304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC2..4010mm 0mm10mm 0mmTemp Current Tem0°C 14.3A 0°C25°C 14.3A 25°40°C 9.8A 40°70°C 3.0A 70°80°C0.0A80°0mmTemp Current Tem0°C 14.3A 0°C25°C 14.3A25°C40°C 9.8A 40°C70°C 3.0A 70°C 80°C0.0A80°CR0mm5101520253035203040L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurroundingRGC3..25 Temp Current Temp0°C 33.5A 0°C 25°C 33.5A 25°C 40°C 27.0A 40°C80°C12.5A 80°CRGC3_300mm 510152025303540o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CRGC3..30 0510152025303520304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC2..2510mm 0mm010203040506020304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC2..4010mm0mm0102030405060708090203040506070L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C Surrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC2..7510mm0mmTemp Current Temp 0°C 14.3A 0°C 25°C 14.3A 25°C 40°C 9.8A 40°C 70°C 3.0A 70°C 80°C0.0A 80°CRGC0mm1Temp Current Temp 0°C 14.3A 0°C 25°C 14.3A 25°C 40°C 9.8A 40°C 70°C 3.0A 70°C 80°C0.0A 80°CRGC 0mm 105101520253035203040L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurrounding ARGC3..25Temp CurrentTemp0°C33.5A 0°C 25°C 33.5A 25°C 40°C27.0A 40°C 80°C 12.5A80°CRGC3_300mm200510152025303540203040L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C Surroundin RGC3..30Note: RGC2A..AM up to 60o CNote: RGC2A..AM up to 60o CNote: RGC2A..AM up to 60oC Note: RGC2A..AF , AFM up to 60o C RGC2..10RGC2..25RGC2..40RGC2..75RGC2, RGC3Derating vs. Spacing Curves024601020304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p eSurrounding Ambient Temperature in °Cover 10mm 0mm024*******1020304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurrounding Ambient Temperature in °CStandalone 20mm and over 10mm 0mm RGC3..108010mm 0mm8010mm 0mmTemp Current Temp Current Temp Current0°C 14.3A 0°C 19.5A 0°C 25.0A 25°C 14.3A 25°C 19.5A 25°C 25.0A 40°C 9.8A 40°C 15.5A 40°C 20.0A 70°C 3.0A 70°C 8.0A 60°C 15.0A 80°C0.0A 80°C5.0A 80°C10.0A 0mm10mm30mm5101520253020304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C Surrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC3..2030mm 10mm 0mm TempCurrentTempCurrentTempCurrent 0°C 14.3A 0°C 19.5A 0°C 25.0A25°C 14.3A 25°C 19.5A 25°C 25.0A 40°C 9.8A 40°C15.5A 40°C 20.0A 70°C 3.0A 70°C8.0A60°C 15.0A 80°C0.0A80°C 5.0A80°C10.0ARGC3_200mm10mm30mm0510152025303520304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC3..2520mm 0mm0510152025303540452030Lo a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C SurroRGC3..40010203040506070802030L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CRGC3..65DF, DFM08010mm 0mm708010mm 0mm10mm 0mmTemp Current Temp Current Temp Current0°C 14.3A 0°C 19.5A 0°C 25.0A 25°C 14.3A 25°C 19.5A 25°C 25.0A 40°C 9.8A 40°C 15.5A 40°C 20.0A 70°C 3.0A 70°C 8.0A 60°C 15.0A 80°C0.0A80°C5.0A80°C10.0ARGC3_200mm 10mm30mm 30mm 10mm 0mmTemp Current Temp Current Temp Current0°C 14.3A 0°C 19.5A 0°C25.0A 25°C 14.3A25°C 19.5A 25°C 25.0A 40°C 9.8A40°C 15.5A 40°C 20.0A70°C 3.0A70°C8.0A60°C15.0A 80°C0.0A 80°C5.0A80°C10.0ARGC3_200mm10mm 30mm 0510152025303520304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C Surrounding Ambient Temperature in °C RGC3..2520mm 0mmTemp Current Temp Current 0°C 33.5A 0°C 37.0A 25°C 33.5A 25°C 37.0A40°C 27.0A 40°C 30.0A80°C12.5A80°C 17.5ARGC3_300mm 20mm 10152025303540u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C RGC3..30 20mm 0mm0510152025303540452030L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n AA C Surroundi RGC3..40025408010203040506070802030L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C SurRGC3..65DF, DFM20304050607080 C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CRGC3..65AF, AFM 708010mm 0mm708010mm 0mm10mm 0mmTemp Current Temp Current Temp Current0°C 14.3A 0°C 19.5A 0°C 25.0A 25°C 14.3A 25°C 19.5A 25°C 25.0A 40°C 9.8A 40°C 15.5A 40°C 20.0A 70°C 3.0A 70°C8.0A60°C 15.0A 80°C0.0A80°C 5.0A80°C10.0ARGC3_200mm10mm30mm 30mm10mm 0mmTemp Current Temp Current Temp Current 0°C 14.3A0°C19.5A 0°C 25.0A 25°C 14.3A 25°C19.5A 25°C 25.0A 40°C 9.8A 40°C 15.5A 40°C 20.0A 70°C 3.0A70°C8.0A60°C15.0A 80°C0.0A80°C 5.0A80°C10.0ARGC3_200mm10mm30mm510152025303520304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC3..2520mm 0mmTemp Current TempCurrent0°C 33.5A 0°C 37.0A 25°C 33.5A 25°C 37.0A 40°C 27.0A 40°C 30.0A 80°C 12.5A80°C17.5ARGC3_300mm20mm 051015202530354020304050607080L oa d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C Surrounding Ambient Temperature in °C RGC3..30 20mm0mm 2480510152025303540452030L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C SurroundinRGC3..40010203040506070802030L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C Surr RGC3..65DF, DFM 010203040506070802030L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C SurroundinRGC3..65AF, AFM Note: RGC3A..AM up to 60o C Note: RGC3A..AM up to 60o C Note: RGC3A..AM up to 60o C RGC3..10RGC3..20RGC3..25RGC3..30RGC2, RGC3Derating vs. Spacing Curves51015202530354045203040506070L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A C Surrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC3..4010mm 0mm1020304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC3..65DF, DFM10mm0mm025408001020304050607080L o a d C u r r e n t p e r p o l e i n A A CSurrounding Ambient Temperature in °CRGC3..65AF, AFM10mm 0mmNote: RGC3..AF up to 60 o CNote: RGC3..AF up to 60oC RGC3..40RGC3..65DF, DFM RGC3..65AF, AFMCompatibility and conformance6, 7LVD: EN/IEC 60947-4-2, EN/IEC 60947-4-3EMCD: EN 60947-4-3UL: UL508, E172877cUL: C22.2 No. 14-13, E172877CCC, GB/T 14048.5-2017 (IEC 60947-5-1)VDE 0660-117 (DIN EN 60947-4-2), VDE 0700-1 (DIN EN 60335-1)100k Arms (refer to short circuit current section, Type 1 – UL508)6. Not applicable for RGC (48)7. Applicable only to RGC (10)Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - ImmunityEN/IEC 61000-4-28 kV air discharge, 4 kV contact (PC2)EN/IEC 61000-4-310 V/m, from 80 MHz to 1 GHz (PC1)10 V/m, from 1.4 to 2 GHz (PC1)10 V/m, from 2 to 2.7 GHz (PC1)EN/IEC 61000-4-4Output: 2 kV, 5 kHz (PC1)Input: 1 kV, 5 kHz (PC1)Signal: 1 kV, 5 kHz (PC1)Filter connection diagramFilteringNote:• Control input lines must be installed together to maintain products’ susceptability to Radio Frequency interference.• Use of AC solid state relays may, according to the application and the load current, cause conducted radio interferences. Use of mains filters may be necessary for cases where the user must meet E.M.C requirements. The capacitor values given inside the filtering specification tables should be taken only as indications, the filter attenuation will depend on the final application.• This product has been designed for Class A equipment. Use of this product in domestic environments may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to employ additional mitigation methods.• Surge tests on RGC..A, RGC..A..A.. models were carried out with the signal line impedence network. In case the line impedance is less than 40Ω, it is suggested that AC supply is provided through a secondary circuit where the short circuit limit between conductors or between conductors and ground is 1500 VA or less.* For conformance to EN/IEC 61000-6-4, an external capacitor class X1, 220 nF, 275 VAC is to be connected across the input control lines A1-A2 for AC control versions.** With external varistor 275 V (S05K275) Type 2 connected between terminals 22 - 21 or terminals 24 - 21.• Performance Criteria 1 (PC1): No degradation of performance or loss of function is allowed when the product is operated asintended.• Performance Criteria 2 (PC2): During the test, degradation of performance or partial loss of function is allowed. However whenthe test is complete the product should return operating as intended by itself.• Performance Criteria 3 (PC3): Temporary loss of function is allowed, provided the function can be restored by manual operation of the controls.Additional conformance to railway standardsThe declaration in this section is prepared in compliance with People’s Republic of China Electronic Industry Standard SJ/T11364-2014: Marking for the Restricted Use of Hazardous Substances in Electronic and Electrical Products.这份申明根据中华人民共和国电子工业标准SJ/T11364-2014：标注在电子电气产品中限定使用的有害物质Protection Co-ordination, Type 1 vs Type 2:Type 1 protection implies that after a short circuit, the device under test will no longer be in a functioning state. In Type 2 co-ordination the device under test will still be functional after the short circuit. In both cases, however the short circuit has to be interrupted. The fuse between enclosure and supply shall not open. The door or cover of the enclosure shall not be blown open. There shall be no damage to conductors or terminals and the conductors shall not separate from terminals. there shall be no breakage or cracking of insulating bases to the extent that the integrity of the mounting of live parts is impaired. Discharge of parts or any risk of fire shall not occur.The product variants listed in the table hereunder are suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 100,000 Arms Symmetrical Amperes, 600 Volts maximum when protected by fuses. Tests at 100,000 A were performed with Class J fuses, fast acting; please refer to the table below for maximum allowed ampere rating of the fuse. Use fuses only.Tests with Class J fuses are representative of Class CC fuses.8. Consult a Carlo Gavazzi sales representative for use of 70 A class J fuses9. Between MCB and Load (including return path which goes back to the mains)Note: A prospective current of 6 kA and a 230 / 400 V power supply is assumed for the above suggested specifications. For cables with different cross section than those mentioned above please consult Carlo Gavazzi's Technical Support Group.RGC..M Mode of OperationThe RGC..M versions are suitable only for use with resistive loads.The ‘M’ suffix versions integrate monitoring circuitry that can detect the status of the Mains, Load, and Solid State Relay (SSR) status. The fault conditions that can be detected with the RGC..M include:- Mains loss- Load loss- SSR open circuit- SSR short circuit- SSR over temperatureAn external supply, 24 VDC or 90-250 VAC, selectable through part no. configuration, is required for the operation of the RGC..M models. In the case of a fault condition, an EMR alarm output is available through terminals 11, 12, 14 for remote indication. Alarm visual indication is provided by a flashing red LED. The flash rate of the red LED gives an indication of the type of alarm condition detected.The RGC..M is also equipped with an auxiliary output which operates in synchronisation with the output of the SSR. This electronic auxiliary output with normally open or normally closed user selectable contacts is available through terminals 21, 22, 24. A yellow LED gives indication of the SSR output status.Mains Loss:The mains loss alarm is issued if the mains voltage is missing from either terminals L1, L2 or L3 for more than 1 second. This alarm type is indicated by 2 flashes of the red LED. The alarm resets automatically once the mains voltage is restored and is present on terminals L1, L2 and/or L3 for more than 1 second. In case of mains frequency outside the specified limits, the mains loss alarm is activated. The SSR output is not affected in this condition; this means that if control is ON, the SSR output remains ON.Note 1: For the AC external supply versions (RGC..A..A), the Auxiliary output, NC (21-22) will be closed only when the external supply Us is present.Note 2: Yellow LED and hence load current is OFF only if all phases L1, L2 and L3 are missing. If any 2 phases are present and control voltage is applied, the yellow LED and auxiliary output will be ON.RGC..M Mode of Operation (continued)Load Loss:Detection of load loss is possible only with control ON. This alarm is issued in the absence of a load termination or an open load on terminals T1, T2 and/or T3 for more than 120ms. When the load loss alarm is triggered, the SSR output is not turned OFF as long as control voltage is present on the RGC..M. The fault condition is automatically restored once the fault is cleared.The RGC..M permits a total combined load and supply unbalance of 40%, where individually load unbalance shall not exceed 40% and supply unbalance shall not exceed 15%. If these limits are exceeded erratic behaviour and false alarms may be expected.Note 1: For the AC external supply versions (RGC..A..A), the Auxiliary output, NC (21-22) will be closed only when the external supply Us is present.Note 2: Yellow LED and Auxiliary output is OFF if all the loads connected to the 3 poles T1, T2 and T3 are missing.Note 3: The Load loss alarm will reset only with control ON.RGC..M Mode of Operation (continued)SSR Short Circuit:This condition is detected when the SSR output remains ON for more than 250 ms without control voltage. Upon this alarm, an attempt is made to switch OFF the SSR output but this may not be possible in case of a damaged SSR output(s). Alarm indication is given by 3 flashes of the red LED (same as the load loss alarm indication). In case of a self recovery, the SSR will automatically reset.During an SSR short circuit condition, the SSR output is ON unintentionally. In this case the auxiliary output does not work in synchronisation with the SSR output.Note 1: For the AC external supply versions (RGC..A..A), the Auxiliary output, NC (21-22) will be closed only when the external supply Us is present.RGC..M Mode of Operation (continued)SSR Open Circuit:This alarm is issued when either one of the poles or all 3 poles do not switch ON within 250 ms when control voltage is applied. This alarm type is identified by 4 flashes of the red LED. In the case of an open circuit on only 1 pole the load will switch on 2 phases. The alarm output remains active (with control ON) until the alarm condition is removed.Note 1: For the AC external supply versions (RGC..A..A), the Auxiliary output, NC (21-22) will be closed only when the external supply Us is present.Note 2: Yellow LED and Auxiliary output is OFF if all the loads connected to the 3 poles T1, T2 and T3 are missing.RGC..M Mode of Operation (continued)SSR Over Temperature:The SSR is equipped with internal temperature monitoring to prevent SSR damage in case of overheating conditions. Upon detection of such a condition the SSR output is switched OFF and an alarm is issued accordingly. This alarm is visually indicated by the red LED which is fully ON. Once the temperature cools down, the alarm is cleared and if control is still ON an attempt to re-start the SSR is made.Note 1: For the AC external supply versions (RGC..A..A), the Auxiliary output, NC (21-22) will be closed only when the external supply Us is present.LED indicatorsAlarm managementDimensionsRGC2..25KKE, RGC3..20KKERGC2..10KKE, RGC3..10KKEHousing width tolerance +0.5mm, -0mm as per DIN 43880. All other tolerances +/- 0.5mm.Dimensions in mm.DimensionsRGC2..25GKE.M, RGC3..20GKE.MRGC3..25KKEHousing width tolerance +0.5mm, -0mm as per DIN 43880. All other tolerances +/- 0.5mm.RGC2..40KGE, RGC3..30KGEDimensionsRGC3..25GKE.MHousing width tolerance +0.5mm, -0mm as per DIN 43880. All other tolerances +/- 0.5mm.DimensionsRGC3..40GGE.FHousing width tolerance +0.5mm, -0mm as per DIN 43880.All other tolerances +/- 0.5mm.RGC2..40GGE.M, RGC3..30GGE.MRGC2..75GGE.., RGC3..65GGE..DimensionsHousing width tolerance +0.5mm, -0mm as per DIN 43880. All other tolerances +/- 0.5mm.Dimensions in mm.DimensionsHousing width tolerance +0.5mm, -0mm as per DIN 43880.All other tolerances +/- 0.5mm.RGC3..48GGE.MRGC2..10, RGC2..25, RGC2..40 RGC3..10, RGC3..20,RGC3..25, RGC3..30RGC2..25..DM, RGC2..40..DMRGC3..20..DM, RGC3..25..DM,RGC3..30..DMRGC2..25..AM, RGC2..40..AMRGC3..20..AM, RGC3..25..AM,RGC3..30..AMRGC2..75..DFRGC3..40..DF, RGC3..65..DF RGC2..75..AFRGC3..40..AF, RGC3..65..AFRGC2..75..DFM RGC2..75..AFMTerminals labelling:1/L1, 2/L2, 3/L3:Mains connections2/T1, 4/T2, 6/T3:Load connectionsA1 (+):Positive control signalA2 (-):Control groundUs (+):External supply positive signal Us (-):External supply groundUs (~):AC external supplyUf (+):Fan supply positive signal(no connection required byend user)Uf (-):Fan supply ground(no connection required byend user)12:Alarm EMR, normally closed 14:Alarm EMR, normally open 11:Alarm EMR, common terminal 22:Auxiliary output, normallyclosed24:Auxiliary output, normallyopen21:Auxiliary output, commonterminalConnections to Uf+, Uf- are provided readily termi-nated by manufacturer. However, in case of need-ed user intervention on terminals Uf+, Uf- for the RGC..A..AF and RGC..A..AFM models, the mains supply has to be turned off first to avoid risk of elec-Terminal layoutN246Connection DiagramVersions: RGC..D..DM, RGC..D..DFMAuxiliary output signal 24 VDC, 50 mA; DC control, Uc (5-32 VDC); DC external supply, Us (24 VDC)to PLCGndpull‐downresistor22NCAUX O/P24NOAUX O/Uf-FANUf+FAN+24Vdc24VDCP21COMAUX O/PAUs-SUPPLYUs+SUPPLY12NCALARM14NOALARMA2-CONTRO5‐32VDC11COMALARMOLA1+CONTROLGnd22NCAUX O/P24NOAUX O/Uf-FANUf+FANto PLC+24Vdcpull‐upresistor24VDCP21COMAUX O/P AUs-SUPPLYUs+SUPPLY12NCALARM14NOALARMA2-CONTRO5‐32VDC11COMALARMOLA1+CONTROLConnection of normally open auxiliary output (24-21) ina ‘pnp’ styleConnection of normally open auxiliary output (24-21) inan ‘npn’ styleVersions: RGC..D..AM, RGC..D..AFMAuxiliary output signal 24 VDC, 50 mA; DC control, Uc (5-32 VDC); AC external supply, Us (90-250 VAC) to PLCGndpull‐downresistor22NCAUX O/P24NOAUX O/Uf-FANUf+FAN+24Vdc90‐250P21COMAUX O/PAUs~SUPPLY0VAC12NCALARM14NOALARMA2-CONTROUs~SUPPLY5‐32VDC11COMALARMOLA1+CONTROLGnd22NCAUX O/P24NOAUX O/Uf-FANUf+FANto PLC+24Vdcpull‐upresistor90‐250P21COMAUX O/P AUs~SUPPLY0VAC12NCALARM14NOALARMA2-CONTROUs~SUPPLY5‐32VDC11COMALARMOLA1+CONTROL Connection of normally open auxiliary output (24-21) in Connection of normally open auxiliary output (24-21) in Connection configuration for auxiliary output。

Doc. No. VH*-OMX0068-APressure Relief 3 Port Valve with Locking HolesVHS20-(F,N)01~(F,N)02(-R,Z)-DVHS30-(F,N)02~(F,N)03(-R,Z)-DVHS40-(F,N)02~(F,N)04(-R,Z)-DPage 1. Safety Instructions 1~52. Application 63. Specifications 64. How to Order 7~85. Construction / Parts List 96. Dimensions10with Locking Holes Safety InstructionsThese safety instructions are intended to prevent hazardous situations and/or equipment damage.These instructions indicate the level of potential hazard with the labels of “Caution,” “Warning” or “Danger.”They are all important notes for safety and must be followed in addition to International Standards (ISO/IEC)*1) , and other safety regulations.*1) ISO 4414: Pneumatic fluid power -- General rules relating to systems. ISO 4413: Hydraulic fluid power -- General rules relating to systems.IEC 60204-1: Safety of machinery -- Electrical equipment of machines .(Part 1: General requirements)ISO 10218: Manipulating industrial robots -Safety. etc.Caution Caution indicates a hazard with a low level of risk which, if not avoided, could resultin minor or moderate injury.Warning Warning indicates a hazard with a medium level of risk which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.DangerDanger indicates a hazard with a high level of risk which, if not avoided, will resultin death or serious injury.Warning 1. The compatibility of the product is the responsibility of the person who designs theequipment or decides its specifications.Since the product specified here is used under various operating conditions, its compatibility with specific equipment must be decided by the person who designs the equipment or decides its specifications based on necessary analysis and test results.The expected performance and safety assurance of the equipment will be the responsibility of the person who has determined its compatibility with the product.This person should also continuously review all specifications of the product referring to its latest catalog information, with a view to giving due consideration to any possibility of equipment failure when configuring the equipment.2. Only personnel with appropriate training should operate machinery and equipment.The product specified here may become unsafe if handled incorrectly.The assembly, operation and maintenance of machines or equipment including our products must be performed by an operator who is appropriately trained and experienced.3. Do not service or attempt to remove product and machinery/equipment until safety is confirmed.1.The inspection and maintenance of machinery/equipment should only be performed after measures to prevent falling or runaway of the driven objects have been confirmed.2.When the product is to be removed, confirm that the safety measures as mentioned above are implemented and the power from any appropriate source is cut, and read and understand the specific product precautions of all relevant products carefully.3. Before machinery/equipment is restarted, take measures to prevent unexpected operation and malfunction.4. Contact SMC beforehand and take special consideration of safety measures if the product is to be used in any of the following conditions.1. Conditions and environments outside of the given specifications, or use outdoors or in a place exposed to direct sunlight.2. Installation on equipment in conjunction with atomic energy, railways, air navigation, space, shipping, vehicles, military, medical treatment, combustion and recreation, or equipment in contact with food and beverages, emergency stop circuits, clutch and brake circuits in press applications, safety equipment or other applications unsuitable for the standard specifications described in the product catalog.3. An application which could have negative effects on people, property, or animals requiring special safety analysis.e in an interlock circuit, which requires the provision of double interlock for possible failure by using a mechanical protective function, and periodical checks to confirm proper operation.with Locking HolesSafety InstructionsCautionThe product is provided for use in manufacturing industries.The product herein described is basically provided for peaceful use in manufacturing industries.If considering using the product in other industries, consult SMC beforehand and exchange specifications ora contract if necessary.If anything is unclear, contact your nearest sales branch.Limited warranty and Disclaimer/Compliance RequirementsThe product used is subject to the following “Limited warranty and Disclaimer” and “Compliance Requirements”. Read and accept them before using the product.Limited warranty and Disclaimer1.The warranty period of the product is 1 year in service or 1.5 years after the product is delivered,whichever is first.∗2)Also, the product may have specified durability, running distance or replacement parts. Please consult your nearest sales branch.2. For any failure or damage reported within the warranty period which is clearly our responsibility,a replacement product or necessary parts will be provided.This limited warranty applies only to our product independently, and not to any other damage incurred due to the failure of the product.3. Prior to using SMC products, please read and understand the warranty terms and disclaimersnoted in the specified catalog for the particular products.∗2) Vacuum pads are excluded from this 1 year warranty.A vacuum pad is a consumable part, so it is warranted for a year after it is delivered.Also, even within the warranty period, the wear of a product due to the use of the vacuumpad or failure due to the deterioration of rubber material are not covered by the limitedwarranty.Compliance Requirements1. The use of SMC products with production equipment for the manufacture of weapons of massdestruction(WMD) or any other weapon is strictly prohibited.2. The exports of SMC products or technology from one country to another are governed by therelevant security laws and regulation of the countries involved in the transaction. Prior to the shipment of a SMC product to another country, assure that all local rules governing that export are known and followed.CautionSMC products are not intended for use as instruments for legal metrology.Measurement instruments that SMC manufactures or sells have not been qualified by type approval tests relevant to the metrology (measurement) laws of each country.Therefore, SMC products cannot be used for business or certification ordained by the metrology (measurement) laws of each country.Warning1. Please consult with SMC if the intended application calls for absolutely zero leakage due tospecial atmospheric requirement, or if the use of a fluid other than air is required.2. Do not apply negative pressure, as may cause malfunction.3. Do not supply air pressure from ports other than the 1(P) port, as may cause malfunction.4. When lockout is to be used, recommend using a lock with a shackle diameter of φ5 or more.Less than φ5 is to be used, please test it on the actual machine.Warning1. In some cases, mineral oil grease used for internal parts and sealant may be carried todownstream side. Please consult with SMC if this causes any inconvenience in use.Warning1. Do not drop or apply impact during transportation or installation, as may cause breakageor malfunction.2. Do not install in locations of high humidity or high temperature. Operation outside of theproduct specification range may cause breakage, malfunction, or shorten life performance.3. Connect the product ensuring the direction of "1"(IN) and "2"(OUT) for air direction andindicated arrow. Reverse connection may cause malfunction.Caution4. The valve must be switched to each position instantly and securely. Stopping the handlebetween the extreme positions may cause malfunction.Warning1. Before piping is connected, it should be thoroughly blown out with air (flushing) or washed to remove chips, cutting oil and other debris from inside. Should they remain, they could cause malfunction.2. When screwing piping or fittings into ports, ensure that chips from the pipe threads or sealing material do not enter the piping. Also, if sealant tape is used, leave 1.5 to 2 thread ridges exposed at the end of threads.3. When screwing piping into a component, hold female threaded side and apply the recommended tightening torque. Insufficient tightening torque may cause loosening or sealing failure and excess tightening torque may cause damage to threads. Tightening without holding female threaded side, excess force is applied to the bracket directly, and may cause breakage.4. Do not apply torsion or bending moment other than the product's own weight. Support external piping separately as it may cause breakage. Non-flexible piping, such as steel tube piping, are prone to be affected by excess moment load or vibration. Use flexible piping in between to avoid such affects.5. For piping into the exhaust port, it is recommended to use a resin silencers (AN series). After tightening the silencer by hand, use a suitable wrench on the hexagonal flats to tighten an additional 1/4 turn. When installing one-touch fittings (KQ2 series) or the piping, add 1/2 turn after tightening by hand. Excess tightening torque may cause damage to threads.Warning1. Use clean air. Do not use compressed air which contains chemicals, organic solvent, synthetic oil or corrosive gas, etc., as it may cause breakage or malfunction.2. Install an air dryer or after cooler on upstream side. Air containing excess drainage may cause malfunction.Caution3. Install an air filter of 5 µm filtration on upstream side.4. Install a mist separator on upstream side to remove carbon powder from the compressor or other equipment. Excess carbon dust may cause malfunction.Refer to SMC’s “Air Cleaning Equipment” catalog for further details on compressed air quality.Recommended tightening torque Unit: N-m Thread size 1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2Torque 7 to 912 to 1422 to 2428 to 30Warning1. Do not use in atmospheres contacting corrosive gases, chemicals, sea water, water,water steam, or where there is direct contact with any of these.2. Do not use in explosive atmosphere.3. Do not use in locations subject to vibration or impact.4. Do not expose to direct sunlight for an extended period of time. Protective cover should beused to shield.5. Do not mound in locations where is nearby heat source. Radiated heat should be alsoprevented.6. Implement suitable protective measures in locations where there is contact withwater droplets, oil, or welding spatter.7. Install a silencer into exhaust port to prevent the dust ingress if there is a lot of dust inatmosphere, as dust may cause air leakage.Warning1. When equipment is to be removed, first confirm that measures are in place to preventworkpieces from dropping, run-away of equipment, etc.. Then cut off the supply air pressure and electric power, and exhaust all compressed air from the system using its residual pressure release function.When the equipment is to be restarted after remounting or replacement, first confirm that measures are in place to prevent lurching of actuators and then confirm that equipment operates normally.2. Do not disassemble. Improper handling may cause malfunction or breakage of themachinery or equipment.2. ApplicationsThis product is a residual pressure release valve which is switched by hand.3. Specifications(1) Standard specifications (2) Flow characteristics-6- Model VHS20VHS30 VHS40FluidAirAmbient and fluid temperature -5 to 60o C (No freezing)Proof pressure1.5MPa Maximum operating pressure 1.0MPa Handle operation Switching angle 90o Rotating torque Note1)0.8N-m or less 1.0N-m or less 3.0N-m or less Weight95g 181g400gNote 1) Supply pressure: 1.0 MPaModelPort size Supply (IN →OUT) Exhaust (OUT →EXH) IN, OUT EXH C(dm 3/s-bar)b Cv C(dm 3/s-bar)b Cv VHS201/8 1/84.0 0.41 1.1 3.7 0.42 1.1 1/45.8 0.31 1.4 3.8 0.42 1.1 VHS30 1/4 1/48.8 0.44 2.4 8.0 0.46 2.3 3/8 14.1 0.28 3.5 7.8 0.46 2.2 VHS401/43/8 9.5 0.49 2.8 13.3 0.47 3.6 3/8 17.2 0.47 4.8 13.6 0.47 3.7 1/226.70.296.313.40.433.74. How to Order- - - VHS 30 03 D❶❷❸❹# A spacer or spacer with bracket is required if the valve is combined with modular F.R.L. Please order it separately.VHS type can be ordered from How to Order of modular F.R.L. combination.Spacer (Y □-D)Spacer with bracket(Y □T-D)Pressure relief 3 port valve Spacer part no. Spacer with bracketpart no. Applicable F.R.L. combinationVHS20 Y200-D Y200T-D AC20-D VHS30 Y300-D Y300T-D AC30-D VHS40Y400-DY400T-DAC40-D* New VHS series compatible with previous model spacer Y200(T)-A to Y400(T)-A.Pressure relief 3 port valve5. Construction/ Parts list-9-No.DescriptionStandard specificationsMaterial Note 1 Body ADC12 White 2 Body cover POM White 3 Handle POM Red 4 Bonnet PBT- 5Valve guideFlame resistant PBT (UL94 standard V-0 equivalent ）White 6 Cam ring POM - 7 Sleeve POM - 8 Spool PBT - 9 O-ring H-NBR - 10Spring Stainless steel-# The VHS series cannot be disassembled. Parts cannot be shipped separately.6. Dimensions-10-Model Standard specifications P1 P2 A B C D E F G H VHS20 1/8, 1/4 1/8 71.5 23 40 37 28 42 17.5 40 VHS30 1/4, 3/8 1/4 873253 49 38 53 20 53 VHS401/4, 3/8, 1/23/8111 42.3706352712970Padlock mounting position(Port size)(Port size)Rev. A - Safety Instructions (Piping) corrected.- How to Order added *2 and *3.4-14-1, Sotokanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0021 JAPANTel: + 81 3 5207 8249 Fax: +81 3 5298 5362© 2019 SMC Corporation All Rights Reserved。

工学合作-创新电子实训基地建设综合方案1、电子产品生产车间建设方案设计的依据1．1 指导思想实训基地虽然不是真正意义上的企业，但应当培养学生的综合职业素质。

在组织运行过程中要十分注意营造良好的企业文化氛围，培养学生的职业技能、职业道德、质量意识、安全意识、协作精神，以及发现、分析、解决问题的能力，为真正培养多层次人才奠定坚实的基础。

1．2 原则1．2．1 先进性原则以行业科技和社会发展先进水平为标准，在技术、设备、管理、教学模式、教学手段等方面体现先进性。

把握技术发展前沿，运用现代技术，集成先进设备，在建设上做到适当超前并留有可发展空间。

1．2．2 适应性原则根据学员的实际情况，在实训过程中使其熟悉、掌握本专业领域先进的技术方向、工艺路线和技术应用的本领。

内容安排要具有综合性，使学员通过实训不仅掌握本专业的基本技术和技能，而且熟悉和了解与专业相关的技术和技能，也使学员获得综合技能和能力、职业综合素质。

1．2．3 仿真性原则创造相应专业岗位的真实情境，按照专业岗位(群)对基本技术技能的要求和教学大纲要求组织和实施实际操作训练，模拟专业岗位进行技术培训。

部分实训项目与企业合作，建立真实的企业环境。

1．2．4 开放性原则在服务面向上要具有开放性。

实训基地给学校与企业、行业的紧密结合提供了接口，它不仅要能承担高等职业学历教育的基本技术技能实训，而且能承担各级各类职业技能的培训任务以及实际生产能力，使学校实训基地与经济社会发展紧密联系。

1．2．5 校内外相结合的原则实训基地分为校内实训基地与校外实训基地两部分，其软、硬件建设采用校企结合的模式。

公共基础部分以校内为主、校外为辅，专业部分尤其是专业最新技术部分以校外为主、校内为辅。

1．3 目标1．3．1 形成工学合作基地在现有配置基地的基础上，采用多种模式，如“厂校合作，订单培养”、“厂内设校，顶岗实习”、“校内设厂，盘活资源”、“高度整合，内引外联”等方式来建设工学合作基地1．3．2 形成较高的实训档次校内实训基地要设立先进的制造技术展示车间，引入先进装备进行展示和操作训练，每个实训场地接入因特网，设立多媒体讲课区，开发跟踪现代先进技术的实训项目。

钢铁冶炼设备使用说明书使用说明书：钢铁冶炼设备1. 引言本使用说明书旨在向用户提供关于钢铁冶炼设备的详细信息和正确使用方法。

在使用本设备之前，请务必仔细阅读以下内容，以确保设备的安全操作和最佳效果。

2. 设备介绍钢铁冶炼设备由以下组成部分构成：- 高炉：用于将铁矿石和其他原料加热并冶炼成熔融金属的设备。

- 冶炼炉：用于加热和冶炼熔融金属的容器。

- 炉台：用于支撑冶炼炉的结构，确保设备的稳定性。

- 燃烧系统：用于提供高炉所需的燃料和氧气。

3. 安全操作指南在操作钢铁冶炼设备时，请务必遵循以下安全操作指南：3.1 确保设备周围环境安全，随时保持良好的通风条件。

3.2 操作人员应穿戴符合安全要求的个人防护装备，包括防火服、安全帽和防护手套等。

3.3 在进行检修、清洁和维护工作之前，务必切断电源并确保设备完全停止运行。

3.4 遵循设备的操作指南和安全规程，按照正确的程序启动、停机和切换设备。

3.5 不得擅自更改设备的设置和参数，以免引发设备故障或安全事故。

3.6 定期检查设备的磨损和损坏情况，如发现问题应及时维修或更换。

4. 正确使用方法正确使用钢铁冶炼设备可以确保其正常运行和高效冶炼效果。

请按照以下步骤操作：4.1 确认设备的电源和燃气供应已连接并正常工作。

4.2 按照冶炼工艺要求，将所需原料投放到高炉中。

确保投料量适当，避免过载。

4.3 启动设备并按照设备指南和工艺要求调整温度、压力等参数。

4.4 监控设备运行状态，如发现异常情况应及时采取措施处理，并报告相关人员。

4.5 冶炼过程结束后，停机前务必将炉内残留物及时清除，并确保设备彻底冷却后方可维护和检修。

5. 维护和保养钢铁冶炼设备的维护和保养对于设备的长期性能和可靠性至关重要。

请按照以下建议进行维护和保养：5.1 每日清洁设备表面和周围区域，及时清除积尘和杂物。

5.2 定期检查设备的电气连接和燃气管道，确保其牢固可靠。

5.3 原材料和燃料的质量应符合冶炼要求，避免使用不合格的物料。

钢铁行业仪器器材使用方法说明书一、引言本说明书旨在详细介绍钢铁行业常见仪器器材的使用方法，以帮助工作人员正确操作和保养设备，确保生产工艺的顺利进行。

请在使用前仔细阅读本手册，并按照指导进行操作。

二、检测设备1. 熔融态金属检测仪熔融态金属检测仪常用于钢铁行业的质量检验，可以检测金属熔融状态下的温度、成分和杂质含量。

使用该仪器时，请按以下步骤进行操作：- 将待测金属样品投入熔融态金属检测仪中；- 设置检测参数，如温度范围、检测时间等；- 启动仪器，并等待检测结果；- 根据检测结果，对熔融态金属进行进一步的处理和判断。

2. 金属硬度计金属硬度计用于测量金属材料的硬度值，是钢铁行业中常用的测试工具。

下面是使用金属硬度计的基本步骤：- 将金属硬度计放置在待测金属表面上；- 压缩硬度计杆柄，使其与金属表面产生接触；- 释放硬度计杆柄，观察指针的位置或数码显示屏的数值，得到硬度值；- 如需多点测量，需在相邻测量点留有一定间距。

三、测量仪器1. 体积计体积计常用于测量液体或气体的容量，可广泛应用于钢铁行业的流体测量工作中。

以下是使用体积计的步骤：- 将待测液体或气体通过管道连接至体积计；- 打开体积计的阀门，使液体或气体流入；- 观察体积计的刻度尺，记录液体或气体的体积；- 如需测量多次，请将体积计清洗干净后再次使用。

2. 温度计温度计用于测量环境或物体的温度，常见的有普通玻璃温度计、红外线温度计等。

使用温度计时，请按照以下步骤进行操作：- 将温度计插入待测液体、气体或接近待测物体；- 等待数秒，使温度计达到稳定状态；- 读取温度计上的数值或观察显示屏上的温度值；- 使用后，请将温度计安放在干燥清洁的地方。

四、分析仪器1. 光谱仪光谱仪用于分析材料的光谱特性，如光的强度、波长等，可以帮助钢铁行业进行材料的成分分析。

以下是使用光谱仪的基本步骤：- 将待测样品或液体置于光谱仪的测量区域；- 设置光谱仪的测量参数，如测量波长范围、测量时间等；- 启动仪器开始测量，并等待测量结果；- 根据测量结果进行数据分析和处理。

德生系列收音机原理德生系列收音机原理、维修与实测数据德生系列收音机原理、维修与实测数据德生系列收音机以体积小、价格适中、音质较好、外形漂亮而著称。

在国内市场上占有率很高。

尤其以PL757、短波王等著名产品受到了广大消费者的欢迎。

遗憾的是随机大多未附电路图，这给日后维修工作带来诸多不便。

鉴于此，笔者根据市场上拥有率最高的几款德生系列收音机进行部分产品的剖析，绘出原理图，供广大维修者及消费者参考。

由于德生系列收音机大部分采用了金属化孔双面印制板及贴片焊接工艺，因而解剖难度较大，所以这里提供的图纸、数据、资料难以十全十美，仅供参考。

转载请注明转自“维修吧-”一、PL757数字调谐全波段收音机PL757是德生系列收音机中最优秀的一款。

无论是外观还是制造工艺都代表了国产袖珍收音机的最高水平。

它采用了东芝公司专用数字调谐芯片TC9316F作为整机核心器件，具有直接输入电台频率之先进功能，可预选24个电台频率。

系统控制部分如图1所示。

收音的前级AM,FM接收，解调及功率放大如图2所示。

1(系统控制电路TC9316系CMOS 60脚扁平封装，内置LCD驱动器，能输出1,4占空，1,3偏置，重复频率为125Hz的段驱动脉冲。

本机具有PLL9kHz、10kHz参考频率可选;75kHz和150kHz石英晶体振荡器可选，由程序控制基准频率，其指令执行的时间分别为80us和40us。

锁相环电路包括二分频FM前置分频器，4位吞咽计数器，12位可编程分频器，相位比较器等功能电路，并专门设置了16位通用中频计数器，对于TA8132AN,AP输出的中频信号分频并检出自动调谐的停止信号。

这种方式可避免接收某些干扰频率及强台附近的侧边峰信号。

Tc9316引脚功能如下。

?,20脚与58-60脚可组合成最多60段LCD驱动，由程序决定。

21,30脚组成按键矩阵接口，其中25,30脚也可做普通I,O接口，30脚还可作为启动信号输出。

31、32脚为波段信号输出端，可配接译码器，根据相应的波段电平来控制相应波段的四路电压，以进行波段转换。