Avibactam_sodium_HNMR_23312_MedChemExpress

Endotoxin Removal Solution Catalog Number E4274Product DescriptionEndotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a major component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall, and are commonly found as contaminants in plasmid DNA preparations from E. coli. Endotoxins are large, negatively charged molecules that co-purify with DNA on ion exchange and size exclusion columns and in CsCl banding. Endotoxins are extremely potent stimulators of the mammalian immune system and are toxic to primary cells and to animals. The endotoxin toxicity is an obstacle to in vitro and in vivo transfection experiments.Non-ionic detergents, traditionally used for separation of integral membrane proteins,1 can be utilized for removal of endotoxins from DNA solutions by phase separation.2The solubility behavior of a detergent in a dilute, aqueous solution at physiological salt and pH conditions is strongly dependent upon the temperature of the solution. At low temperatures, the detergent forms a clear, micellar solution, but above the cloud point temperature, the micelles form larger, turbid aggregates and ultimately fuse to form a separate phase. The lower phase is detergent-enriched and the detergent-depleted upper phase contains detergent at a concentration slightly above the critical micellar concentration (CMC). Amphiphilic and hydrophobic molecules associated with the micelles of the detergent will aggregate within the detergent-enriched phase, while the soluble, hydrophilic molecules will remain in the detergent-depleted upper phase.Extraction of endotoxin contaminated DNA solutions with the appropriate non-ionic detergent will separate the hydrophilic DNA from the amphiphilic endotoxin. The amphiphilic endotoxin will associate with the lower phase, while the DNA will remain in the upper, detergent-depleted phase.2Reagents and equipment required, but not provided • Water, Molecular Biology Reagent, Catalog Number W4502• E-TOXATE® Water, Catalog Number 2107, or Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer 100×, Catalog NumberT9285• DNA solution (0.5 ml), ~ 1 mg/ml in E-TOXATE®Water or TE buffer• 3 M sodium acetate solution, pH 7.5.• 2-Propanol, Catalog Number I9516, or Ethanol, 190 proof, Catalog Number E7148; 200 proof, CatalogNumber E7023• 70% Ethanol• E-TOXATE®reagents Kits, Catalog Numbers 210A1, 210B1 or 210C1• Ice bucket• Heat block or incubator at 37 °C• Microcentrifuge at room temperature• 1.5 or 2 ml sterile microcentrifuge tubes• Endotoxin-free pipet tips (40-200 µl, 200-1000 µl) Precautions and DisclaimerThis product is for R&D use only, not for drug, household, or other uses. Please consult the Material Safety Data Sheet for information regarding hazards and safe handling practices.StorageStore at room temperature.Note: Removal of endotoxins from DNA preparations can be performed either during the final stage of DNApreparation, or during an earlier stage.Procedures for Endotoxin RemovalDuring the final stage of DNA preparationNote: The procedure described below was performed on plasmid DNA produced in E. coli DH5α cells.• Losses of up to 50% of the DNA are expected. • Use of a DNA concentration above therecommended 1 mg/ml reduces the efficiency ofthe procedure.1. Pipette 500 µl of the DNA solution into a sterilemicrocentrifuge tube.2. Add 50 µl of the 3 M sodium acetate solution to theDNA sample.3. Incubate on ice for 5 minutes.4. Add 100 µl of cold Endotoxin Removal Solution.5. Mix thoroughly and incubate on ice for 10 minutes.The solution should be light blue and clear.6. Incubate the tube at 37 °C for 20 to 30 minutes oruntil the phases separate.7. Spin for 5 minutes at 3000 x g in themicrocentrifuge. The upper phase is colorless and clear, while the lower phase is blue.8. Carefully transfer the upper phase containing theDNA to a clean microcentrifuge tube.9. Repeat steps 4 through 8 twice.10. Add 0.6× volume of 2-propanol. Mix by inversion atroom temperature and centrifuge at 15,000 x g for30 minutes at 4 °C. Alternatively, add2.5× volumes of ethanol. Incubate overnight at –20°C or 20 minutes at –70 °C and centrifuge at15,000 x g for 30 minutes at 4 °C.11. Carefully remove the supernatant12. Wash the DNA pellet twice with cold 70% ethanol.Remove the supernatant.13. Air-dry the pellet.14. Suspend the DNA in 100 µl of endotoxin free wateror TE buffer.15. Determine DNA concentration and endotoxin levelsusing endotoxin assay reagents and compare tothe starting material. During an earlier stage of DNA preparationThis procedure is based on the alkaline lysis of E. coli DH5α cells.3 The endotoxins are removed immediately after alkaline cell lysis, neutralization, and a clarification step. The resulting high salt solution is suitable for the endotoxin removal step. It is performed under “endotoxin free” conditions. The plasticware used is either sterile and disposable, or NaOH-treated. The buffers are prepared with endotoxin free water.1. Add the Endotoxin Removal Solution (0.2× volume)to the cold, crude DNA solution.2. Incubate on ice and mix occasionally by inversionto obtain a homogenous, clear blue solution3. Incubate at 37 °C for 20 to 30 minutes until thephase separation is obvious.4. Spin for 5 minutes at low speed (3000 x g) at roomtemperature.5. Transfer the upper aqueous phase to an endotoxinfree container.6. Proceed with the DNA purification by any method.Use endotoxin-free buffers and containers. References1. Bordier, C., J. Biol. Chem., 256, 1604-1607, (1981).2. Cotten, M. et al., Gene Therapy, 1, 239-246,(1994).3. Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, a LaboratoryManual, 2nd Ed. p. 1.38RK,PHC 09/05-1Sigma brand products are sold through Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. warrants that its products conform to the information contained in this and other Sigma-Aldrich publications. Purchaser must determine the suitability of the product(s) for their particular use. Additional terms and conditions may apply. Please see reverse side ofthe invoice or packing slip.。

DOI：10.16658/ki.1672-4062.2024.01.019司美格鲁肽联合达格列净、二甲双胍在肥胖型2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者中的疗效分析叶娟，陈冬，邱振汉，吴盛钊安徽省淮南市寿县人民医院内分泌科，安徽寿县232200[摘要]目的研究司美格鲁肽联合达格列净、二甲双胍在肥胖型2型糖尿病（Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus， T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪肝（Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver， NAFLD）患者中的疗效。

方法选取2021年6月—2023年6月安徽省淮南市寿县人民医院内分泌科收治的80例肥胖型T2DM合并NAFLD患者为研究对象。

根据随机数表法分为对照组和观察组，各40例。

对照组给予二甲双胍联合达格列净治疗，观察组在对照组基础上联合司美格鲁肽治疗。

比较两组治疗12周后的疗效以及药物不良反应发生率。

结果观察组胰岛素抵抗指数、血糖指标、血脂指标、肝功能指标均显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；观察组体质指数为（28.19±0.92）kg/m2，低于对照组的（30.12±1.47）kg/m2，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；两组不良反应发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

结论肥胖型T2DM合并NAFLD患者治疗中，相对于单纯使用达格列净、二甲双胍治疗，联合司美格鲁肽在降低血糖、血脂、肝酶，改善胰岛功能方面效果更优，且不良反应无明显增加。

[关键词] 司美格鲁肽；达格列净；二甲双胍；肥胖；2型糖尿病；非酒精性脂肪肝[中图分类号] R587.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-4062（2024）01（a）-0019-04Efficacy of Smaglutide Combined with Dapagliflozin and Metformin in Pa⁃tients with Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseYE Juan, CHEN Dong, QIU Zhenhan, WU ShengzhaoDepartment of Endocrinology, Huainan Shouxian People's Hospital, Shouxian, Anhui Province, 232200 China[Abstract] Objective To study the efficacy of semiglutide combined with dapagliflozin and metformin in patients with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods A total of 80 obese patients with T2DM combined with NAFLD were selected from the department of endocrinology of Shouxian People's Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023. They were divided into control group and observation group according to ran⁃dom number table method, 40 cases each. The control group received metformin with dagagliflozin, and the observa⁃tion group was treated with semegallutide on the basis of the control group. Comparing the efficacy and the incidence of adverse drug reactions after 12 weeks of treatment. Results The homa-ir insulin resistance index, blood glucose in⁃dex, blood lipid index and liver function index were significantly lower than that of the control group, and the differ⁃ences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The body mass index in the observation group was (28.19±0.92) kg/m2, which was lower than (30.12±1.47) kg/m2in the control group , and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was not significant (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of obese T2DM [作者简介]叶娟（1990-），女，硕士，主治医师，研究方向为内分泌科与代谢病。

DOI：10.16662/ki.1674-0742.2023.25.112舒更葡糖钠与新斯的明拮抗腰椎后路内固定术后罗库溴铵肌松作用的临床应用分析朱沈娟，阮军峰，顾建霞江苏省如皋市中医院麻醉科，江苏如皋226500［摘要］目的比较舒更葡糖钠与新斯的明拮抗腰椎后路内固定术后罗库溴铵肌松的效果。

方法选取2018年10月—2022年11月江苏省如皋市中医院接诊的105例行腰椎后路内固定术患者，按照随机数表法分为对照组（52例）和观察组（53例）。

两组患者肌松药物均选择罗库溴铵。

其中，对照组术后予以新斯的明进行肌松拮抗，观察组予以舒更葡糖钠进行肌松拮抗。

对比两组方式对肌松作用的拮抗效果、血流动力学指标及不良反应发生情况。

结果观察组肌松拮抗起效时间、气管拔管时间及复苏室停留时间均短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

观察组给药后第3、5分钟的平均动脉压均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P< 0.05）。

观察组不良反应总发生率（7.55%）低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.969，P<0.05）。

结论针对腰椎后路内固定并使用罗库溴铵作为肌松药物的患者，采取舒更葡糖钠的拮抗手段，有助于缩短术后肌松作用效果，同时维持血流动力指标趋于平稳，且安全性更高。

［关键词］舒更葡糖钠；新斯的明；腰椎后路内固定术；罗库溴铵；拮抗效果；血流动力学［中图分类号］R4 ［文献标识码］A ［文章编号］1674-0742（2023）09(a)-0112-04Clinical Application of Sugammadex Sodium and Neostigmine to Antago⁃nize the Muscle Relaxation Effect of Rocuronium Bromide after Lumbar Posterior Internal FixationZHU Shenjuan, RUAN Junfeng, GU JianxiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Rugao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rugao, Jiangsu Province, 226500 China[Abstract] Objective To compare the effects of sugammadex sodium and neostigmine to antagonize the muscle relax⁃ation of rocuronium bromide after lumbar posterior internal fixation. Methods A total of 105 patients with lumbar pos⁃terior internal fixation treated in Rugao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province from October 2018 to November 2022 were selected and divided into control group (52 cases) and observation group (53 cases) according to the random number method. Rocuronium bromide was chosen as the muscle relaxation drug for both groups. In the control group, neostigmine was used for muscle relaxation antagonism after surgery, and in the observation group, su⁃gammadex sodium was used for muscle relaxation antagonism. The antagonistic effect of the two groups on the musca⁃rinic effect, hemodynamic indexes and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared. Results The onset time of muscle relaxation antagonism, tracheal extubation time and resuscitation room residence time in observation group were shorter than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean arterial pressure at 3 and 5 minutes after administration in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group (7.55%) was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=3.969, P<0.05).药物与临床Conclusion For patients with posterior lumbar internal fixation and rocuronium bromide as muscle relaxation drug, the antagonistic means of sugammadex sodium can help to shorten the effect of postoperative muscle relaxation, and at the same time maintain the hemodynamic indexes to be stabilized, and it is safer.[Key words] Sugammadex sodium; Neostigmine; Lumbar posterior internal fixation; Rocuronium bromide; Antagonistic effect; Hemodynamics腰椎后路内固定术是一种骨科手术，主要用于治疗腰椎退行性疾病、腰椎间盘突出症等脊椎问题[1]。

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