2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: .21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge? A. School studentsB. Cambridge localsC. CSF winnersD. MIT artists22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held? A. On February 8thB. On March 10thC. On April 21stD. On March 15th23. What type of writing is this text? A. An exhibition guide.B. An art show review.C. An announcement.D. An official report.【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．【分析】本文是有关第六届剑桥科技节的通知，通知要求5至14岁的学生可以报名参加，参赛作品可以是一张画、一篇文章、一张照片或一首诗，作品要能够鼓励人们探险世界．将在4月21日给优秀作品颁奖．【解答】ACC21．A．细节理解题．根据文章第一段2，3行The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how it inspires them to explore their world.可知，这个活动主要的参加对象是学校里的学生．故A正确．22．C．细节理解题．根据文章第三段Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honor at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. 可知，进入挑战赛并获奖的同学将在4月21日的颁奖典礼上接受颁奖．故C正确．23．C．推理判断题．本文主要介绍了The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge剑桥科技节的很多信息，根据短文的内容及The program guidelines and other related information are available at: .如果想了解更多的信息可以登陆这个网址．可推知这是一个通知，属于应用文中的通知．也就是让别人知道这件重大活动的情况．故C正确．【点评】本文是广告布告类阅读，关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题意原文的异同，对于不能直接找到根据的小题注意根据相关信息，进行推理分析．BPassenger pigeons（旅鸽）once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries describedflocks（群）so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered（驱散）the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in September 1, 1914.24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons .A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. were the largest bird population in the US25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ .A. escapeB. ruinC. liberationD. evolution26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A. To seek pleasureB. To save other birdsC. To make moneyD. To protect crops27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan? A. It was ignored by the publicB. It was declared too lateC. It was unfairD. It was strict【考点】OC：人文地理类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．【分析】文章主要讲述了旅鸽的灭绝的故事，由于人们警惕意识弱，相关法律出台太晚，最后一只旅鸽也在100年前死去．【解答】DBCB24．D．推理判断题．根据第二段的内容可知，据计算，旅鸽数量最多时，有30多亿只，相当于美国鸟类总数的24%﹣40%．到1870年，旅鸽的数量已经减少了，但是，有人在Cincinnati附近看到鸽群的规模为1英里宽，320英里长．由此可见，在18至19世纪，旅鸽的数量最多．第一段的第二句也是关键信息．故选D．25．B．词义猜测题．根据第三段的内容可知，旅鸽的数量巨大最终导致它们灭绝．undoing意为"毁灭"，与ruin同义．故选B．26．C．细节理解题．根据第三段可知，商业猎人用大网来围捕旅鸽，然后运到大城市卖给餐馆，由此可见，人们捕杀旅鸽主要是为了赚钱．故选C．27．B．推理判断题．根据最后一段的内容可知，1897年密歇根州出台了法律，禁止捕杀旅鸽．那时，人们已经十年没有看到大规模的旅鸽群出没．由此可知，保护旅鸽的法律出台太晚了．故选B．【点评】本篇阅读理解主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力，学生应该挖掘寓意，掌握中心思想，推出结论．做题时要立足于文章整体，再迅速读一遍短文，短文中的问题和答案的设置前后都是相关联的，有着一定的连续性，体现着文章的基本脉络．CA typical lion tamer（驯兽师）in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip（鞭）and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve（e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more）--- only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become … take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair? A. To show off his skills.B. To trick the lion.C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair? A. They feel puzzled over choices.B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changed.D. They have to do something for show.30. What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. TolerantB. DoubtfulC. RespectfulD. Supportive31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to .A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidance【考点】O5：科教类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．【分析】本文是一篇议论文．文章以驯兽师拿一把椅子在狮子面前，狮子感到困惑，呆立不动的例子导入，其实我们人也一样，当面对多个选择时，不知该选哪一个，又怕选错了，因此往往进展很小，甚至保持原样．文章旨在告诉我们当遇到多种选择时，要专注一件事，并下决心做下去．【解答】AABC28．A考查细节理解．根据第一段中"When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time"可知，当驯兽师拿着椅子在狮子面前时，狮子关注椅子的四条腿，因此椅子用是用来戏耍狮子的．故选A．29．A 考查推理判断．根据第一段中的"With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next"可知，当注意力分散时，狮子开始变得困惑，人们跟狮子相似，也会困惑，不知道该怎么做．故选A．30．B 考查推理判断．根据第三段中"This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best"可知，专家们正忙于讨论哪一种选择是最好的，这令作者苦恼，因此可以推断出作者对专家的态度是怀疑．故选B．31．C 考查推理判断．根据第四段中"Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started."及"Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people"可知，当你面前挥舞着一把椅子时，你要集中精力做一件事，那就是开始下决心去做．成功的人的习惯之一就是在感觉准备好之前就开始行动，文中的"take immediate action"与"make a quick decision"同义．故选C．【点评】解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．DAs more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations--- UNESCO and National Geographic among them---have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayans reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials---including photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes---which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded---the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project---Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the youngers.Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet. Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to .A. promote global languageB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Having full records of the languages.B. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language users.D. Living with the native speakers.34. What is Turin’s book based on? A. The cultural studies in India.B. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the following best describes Turin’s work? A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Design, experiment and report.D. Collect, protect and reconnect.【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．【分析】本文属于记叙文阅读，叙述了学者们如今正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言．耶鲁大学的科学家Mark Turin专门研究喜马拉雅山的语言和口述传统，并且根据他自己在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活经历写了一本书．他不只是满足于把这些语言在灭绝前记录下来，他要把他们挽救下来，并和现在的语言进行重新的连接．【解答】BADD32．B 细节理解题．根据第二段In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations---UNESCO and National Geographic among them---have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.可知许多学者正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言．故选B．33．A 词义猜测题．根据第三段But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.可知这些语言在没有被记录前就要消失了，所以这些学者对这些语言做的是最早的记录．故选A．34．D 推理判断题．根据His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.可知他的书是根据他在尼泊尔一个村庄中的生活经历写的，故选D．35．D 推理判断题．根据最后一段available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. 以及Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities. 可知Turin的作品是从最初的材料上进行的收集，他的作品使濒临危险的语言得到了保护，并且与言语重新连接．因此对他的作品做好的描述是具有收集，保护和重新连接的作用．故选D．【点评】考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．第二节（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
