大学英语A4必考阅读理解及翻译

大学英语四级范文带翻译(共25篇)Attending TV PK Shows Does No Good to Young PeopleNowadays, TV PK shows are great hits in China and have attracted a large number of adolescents. Some youngsters even give up their studies to attend these shows in the hope of winning their fame overnight. Some people argue that these shows provide young people more chance to show talents, while others assume that attending these shows does no good to the juvenile. As for me, I prefer to the latter opinion.In a word, entering for TV PK shows is not a good way for young people to achieve success. I hold the opinion that young people should think twice before deciding to attend PK shows.翻译：参加电视PK节目对年轻人没有好处如今,电视PK节目在某是伟大的冲击,吸引了大量的青少年。

一些年轻人甚至放弃学业去参加这些节目,希望赢得他们一夜之间成名。

一些人认为这些节目给年轻人更多的机会展示才华,而另一些人认为参加这些节目对青少年没有好处。

就我而言,我更喜欢后者的观点。

应该承认,一些年轻人喜欢李宇春已从众多服务员站在PK的演出,但这并不意味着参加PK显示成为青少年的成功就是一个很好的方法。

我们每年花费巨额资金观察气候的变化以及群星的运行。

诚然这是必要的，但是我们忽视了海洋对我们这颗行星的影响，为了解海洋所做甚少。

海洋对我们的生存至关重要。

它们以其表层下的无数物种为我们提供给养。

它们帮助减轻我们日益增长的人口对地球造成的负担。

另外，海洋在调控气候方面起着重要的作用。

因此，我们必须增加对海洋探测的投入。

Every year we spend huge amounts of money obseving the change in our climate and the movement of the stars. True, this is necessary, but we have overlooked the influence of the oceans on our planet, and have done little to understand the ocean. The oceans are vital to our survival . They feed us with countless species beneath their surface. They help reduce the burden that our growing population on Earth. Besides, the oceans play an important role in climate control. Therefore, we must increase our investment in ocean exploration.“我们过去认为不仅已经征服了陆地还征服了大海……，实际上我们没有。

生命在海洋里繁衍生息，一如既往。

时至今日，人的影响只不过是浮光掠影。

这一发现意味着我们可能会发现其他类鱼生物，这些生物被认为已经灭绝但却仍然生活在海洋里J与人们认为已经灭绝的腔棘鱼不同，早在数世纪之前，我们就知道巨豌存在于海洋深处。

Unit 1Active reading (1)大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。

在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？七月，你看着21岁英俊的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。

这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、能偶尔参加聚会的印象开始消退。

但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。

等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。

他只是偶尔走开去发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，去酒吧喝酒。

这位前“千禧一代”的后裔一夜之间变成了“哼哼一代”的成员。

他能找到工作吗？这就是成千上万家庭所面临的景象：今年夏天，超过65万大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。

父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者，他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。

来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。

他走进大学就业服务中心，又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。

跟他一起住的另外5个男孩也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。

找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。

他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒了。

他们给的年薪是1万8千镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐煮豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人。

然后我又申请了公务员速升计划，并通过了笔试。

但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家治国论者’。

我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。

”打那以后他整个夏天都在“躲”。

他能够轻松复述《交通警察》中的若干片段，他白天看电视的时间太多，已经到了影响健康的地步。

跟朋友谈自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己的并没有两样。

英语四级阅读理解范文详解Should parents plan their children's leisure time?Nowadays, many parents plan their children's spare time. As a right mother or father, whether to make a perfect plan or hope not to wash free time is better than children arranging by themselves(不论是制定一个完美的计划还是不浪费空余时间都要比孩子自己安排得要好）. According to this phenomenon（根据这个现象）, there have two consequences that agree or not（有两种声音同意和否定）.There exist some points to account for my arguments about how to make considerable thinking（深思熟虑） embodying our esteem（体现我们的尊重） and respect for parents. Absolutely（当然）, if we were bold（粗鲁的） to our parents, it would be the worst because it is the bare（赤裸裸，单纯的）beg（乞求） for the reason of relaxing and playing for their thoughts. Therefore, we should talk to them about what we must do and shouldn't do. The purpose of this action is to foster（培养） our integrity （诚信）the same as respecting our parents. Furthermore（还有）, promising it and having excellent consequences（结果）, it is also exceedingly essential（重要的） along with your trust when you stand up their face to talking about something.A proverb that goes, "Respect others, and you will be respected."（谚语说得好“尊重他人，才能被别人尊重” The same as parents or children. I wish everyone had made the correct methods for settling any questions, including this phenomenon.（我希望每个人都可以找到一个合适的办法去解决所有问题，包括我们刚刚谈论的这个现象）.We have had a long time to contact each other since we last met （自从我们上次见面之后，已经有很长时间没有交流了）. Therefore, it is exceedingly thankful and graceful that you can care for the English study situation about me.After a mass of serious training, I ascended a new stage in vocabulary the same as we have transcended normal friendship （在很多次魔鬼训练后，我词汇上升一个新的阶段,就像我们超越朋友关系一样）. It was so happy for me, didn't you? I know you must ask me about the method of English. In an aspect（一方面）, listening is very essential whatever films, music, contact and so on. On the other hand（另一方面）, writing and repeating are also my secrets. Notwithstanding（不管怎样）, only in this way I believe that if you insist, your Chinese level will go on a new situation in a few further（在不久的将来）.From my point of view（在我看来）, fostering interest is popular with the approach of studying English in initial time（培养兴趣爱好是最初学习英语最受欢迎的方式）. Absolutely（当然）, it is beyond dispute that the best correct way for you is the most important. Generally（总的来说）, we are looking forward to our next meeting.With the development of history, there is an increasing number of people who are more inclined to using shopping online. In myopinion, merits are accompanied（优点和缺点） with shortcomings in the long run according to this condition.Notwithstanding（尽管如此）, we should learn the reasons behind this phenomenon. Online shopping is the eventually result of the economy and technology advancing. Life is altered（改变） that accelerated a mount of individuals（大量的人）' ideas in spending aspects. As we all know, WeChat and Alipay are also the common APPs in our Mobile Phone about how to pay for, especially young people and undergraduates（大学生）. In other aspects, excessive consumption is the most serious problem. Most of us can't control our desire to consume, thereby, they are exceedingly（=very） melancholy along with becoming a wealthy man.Henceforth（因此）, we should accept and opt for the correct faith about shopping online. As a forthcoming age（正在发展的时代）, I wish we were the best ones about consumption.。

Uniti 11.As the gender barriers crumbled(瓦解),the numberofwomen working as lawyers,doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20thcentury.随着性别障碍的瓦解，从20世纪中叶开始，担任律师，医生或银行家的女性人数开始显着增加。

2.With the data collected each year, the owner of theshop can discern(识别)customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect salesperformance.通过每年收集的数据，商店的所有者可以识别客户趋势以及天气和经济指标等因素对销售业绩的影响。

3.His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such apositive manner that he is not only able to reach but to surpass(超越)his personal goals.他的主管以如此积极的态度推动和激励他，使他不仅能够达到而且超越他的个人目标。

4.He is a man with a(n) shrewd(精明)business hasbuilt his initial investment into a substantial andeven excessively large fortune.他是一个有精明商业头脑的人。

他把最初的投资变成了一笔可观的、甚至过大的财富。

5.The conversion(转化) of nuclear radiation directlyinto electricity was an exciting possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories inthe1950s.核辐射直接转化为电能是令人兴奋的可能性，在20世纪50年代的许多实验室中都在积极探索。

Unit1-5Passage One章鱼作为人类杀手的恶名不仅是夸张——根本就是神话。

章鱼当然是个危险的猎手，但只是对于它天然的猎物，如蛤、蚌、蟹虾来说的。

偶尔会有粗心的语被这个多足的肉食动物吓到，但是人对于章鱼来说，哪怕是最巨型的章鱼来说都是没有任何兴趣的。

章鱼中最大的品种也比人么想象的要小多了，绝对没有大到能吞没潜艇的，就像某些电影中演的那样。

在太平洋海岸发现的最大的章鱼中110磅，直径也不过十英尺。

章鱼像鹦鹉一样坚硬的嘴不是用来攻击深水潜水员的，只是用来敲开蟹壳和虾壳的。

章鱼狭小的喉咙没办法吞下大块的肉。

它吃东西的方式是先把消化液喷到猎物上，然后把化成水的肉体吸进去。

蚌或者蛤要是被章鱼吸住了很快就会死去。

可是人类非常安全。

不过人们还是很少敢于靠近这些温顺地生物来看个仔细。

Passage Two动物有自己的权利吗？树有自己的权利吗？人类有责任义务尊重江河，岩石，病毒，以及整个地球万物吗？随着这个世纪即将结束，这不只是抽象的哲学辩论的问题，而是如纳什在“大自然权利”中指出的神学家、律师、立法者，甚至科学家都有强烈兴趣的议题。

激进的环保主义人士已经要求将法律和伦理的保护延伸到整个自然界，他们其中一部份人士已经向我们证明了愿意为了支持这种信念去抵抗和违反法律，甚至可以为此去牺牲的意志正如纳什所描述的，纵观整个历史，规范个人和社会行为的道德准则所涵盖的圈子延伸（扩展）地缓慢而且无规律可循。

从授予自己权力开始，人类逐渐地扩大圈子至家庭、民族、国家以及就算不是实际最起码在理论上包括整个人类社会。

托马斯杰斐逊曾写道人人生而平等并且被赋予某些不可剥夺的权利，他所谈论的被解读为只包括白种族的男性。

然而，因为美国独立战争的爆发，人道对待的权力范围被扩大了，至少在法律和社会共识方面囊括了女性和少数民族。

将道德和法律（所赋予）的权利向动、植物以及自然界的其他扩展的新的历史篇章正在被书写，纳什认为。

因为全世界越来越多的人（持这种信念）特别是在美国，这种信念正在深入人心认为大自然有权利有资格得到伦理考量的思想并不是一个新鲜事物。

第13篇Pages from the life of a Georgia Innocent乔治亚州简单生活的写照乡村生活在Hollywood电影中经常是理想化和浪漫化的。

Harry Crews,—位美国作家，在此讲述一个不同的故事。

夹杂了苦恼、幽默和深思熟虑的粗矿的风格，Crews的这篇文章展示了乡村生活不为人知的残酷、悲哀和痛苦的一面。

就在Hollywood电影总是不停地展现乡村人们的微笑时，Crews愿与他的读者看一看内里的本质。

不久之前，我和我12岁的儿子去看一部Disney电影，类似于讲述一个贫穷但诚实劳动的农场家庭，在那里主角遭受饥俄并辛苦地工作。

那些饥俄和苦活似乎充满乐趣（for thehell of it,好玩；找乐趣X那贫困最终会有回报，并且是远非你所能经受得住的。

那农场充满暖暖的，毛茸茸的，有毛皮的，鼻子湿湿的动物：牛驴狗都象人一样对待。

在这里到处都有那么一点点苦痛，但只是刚好为了让我们全部都学到重要的道理。

它有时甚至使我们落泪，但不是真正的眼泪，因为这只是作为在故事中段，那个家庭为了生存不知在哪里从土里刨食的证明，而事实上情况并不是太坏。

有人总是轻抚那些胖嘟嘟的小动物，轻声对它们说话，仿佛他们饲养这些动物是有各种难以莫名的理由，但决不是将它们阉割，屠杀，剥皮和吃掉的。

毕竟,他们是朋友。

如果有人生病，他要跳上一部老式并发出噪声却值得信赖的小货车，开往城镇，那里有一个好心的医生会马上迎接你逬入他的office ,并通过检查喉昽，让他说声Ah来作出快速有效的治疗。

从来不会提到付款的事，当我儿子和我走出电影院，在阳光下眨眼时，我突然想到D isney 和其它的——那些把你带到如The Wa Itons,或者The Little House on the Prai rie的人们 ------- 不仅设法把这种奇怪的贫穷现象和乡村生活推销给郊区居民（尽管这些郊区居民已经以麦芽球和爆米花把自己喂得饱饱的）并且推销给全个南部小城镇的人们，他们有着相反的曰常生活的证据。

课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4)Unit 1享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。

这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。

那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。

这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。

我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。

这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。

3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。

而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。

我们都听人说过这样的话：―我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。

‖有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。

一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。

一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。

一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。

这么说是有道理的。

4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。

我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。

通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。

而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。

布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。

外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：―啊哈，你又上了我的当。

‖5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。

第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。

英语四级阅读理解部分附全文翻译1. Part II 阅读理解（40分钟）Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Passage:The development of e-commerce has dramatically transformed the retail industry. Traditional brick-and-mortar stores have been supplemented, and in some cases, replaced by online platforms. This shift has brought about significant changes in the way consumers shop and businesses operate.One of the main benefits of e-commerce is the convenience it offers. Consumers can shop from the comfort of their homes at any time of day, without the need to travel to a physical store. This has particularly benefited those with busy schedules or limited mobility. Additionally, e-commerce allows for a wider selection of products than might be available in local stores, often at more competitive prices.However, the rise of e-commerce has also introduced challenges. The anonymity of online transactions can lead to issues of trust, with consumers sometimes hesitant to purchase from unfamiliar websites. Furthermore, the increased competition has forced many small businesses to either adapt to the digital marketplace or face closure.In conclusion, while e-commerce has revolutionized the retail industry and brought numerous benefits to consumers, it is not without its challenges. Businesses must continue to evolve to meet the demands of this rapidly changing landscape.Word Bank:A) convenienceB) competitionC) transactionsD) transformedE) operateF) mobilityG) adaptH) hesitantI) unfamiliarJ) widerQuestions:1) The development of e-commerce has _______ the retail industry.2) One of the main benefits of e-commerce is the _______ it offers.3) Consumers can shop from home, which is particularly beneficial for those with limited _______.4) The anonymity of online _______ can lead to issues of trust.Section BDirections:In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage One:The tourism industry has seen significant growth over the past few decades, driven by the increasing availability of affordable travel options and the rise of social media. These factorshave made it easier than ever for people to explore new destinations and share their experiences with others.One of the most notable trends in recent years is the rise of "sustainable tourism." This approach emphasizes minimizing the environmental impact of travel while supporting local communities. Sustainable tourism can include practices such as choosing eco-friendly accommodations, participating in conservation efforts, and respecting local cultures. However, the growth of tourism has also led to challenges. Popular destinations can become overcrowded, leading to damage to natural environments and cultural sites. In some cases, the influx of tourists can even disrupt local communities, causing resentment among residents. In conclusion, while tourism offers many benefits, it is important to approach travel responsibly to ensure that destinations can be enjoyed by future generations. Questions:1) What has contributed to the significant growth of the tourism industry?A) The decline in travel costs and the popularity of social media.B) The development of new transportation methods.C) The increase in luxury travel options.D) The promotion of international tourism by governments.2) What is a key aspect of sustainable tourism?A) Visiting as many destinations as possible.B) Minimizing environmental impact and supporting local communities.C) Staying in luxury hotels and resorts.D) Traveling to remote and unspoiled locations.3) What is one of the challenges caused by the growth of tourism?A) The decline in international travel.B) The negative impact on local cultures and environments.C) The rise in travel-related costs.D) The decrease in travel safety.4) How can travelers ensure that destinations remain enjoyable for future generations?A) By visiting only popular tourist spots.B) By choosing environmentally friendly travel options.C) By limiting the duration of their trips.D) By avoiding travel during peak seasons.Passage Two:The concept of work-life balance has become increasingly important in modern society. As technology continues to blur the lines between work and personal life, many people struggle to find time for relaxation and leisure. This issue is particularly prevalent in countries where long working hours are the norm.One of the main challenges of achieving work-life balance is the expectation to be constantly available. With the advent of smartphones and email, employees are often expected to respond to work-related communications outside of regular business hours. This can lead to burnout and decreased job satisfaction.Employers are beginning to recognize the importance of work-life balance for employee well-being and productivity. Some companies have implemented policies such as flexible working hours, remote work options, and mandatory vacation time to help employees achieve a healthier balance.In conclusion, work-life balance is essential for maintaining both physical and mental health. Employers and employees alike must work together to create an environment that supports a healthy balance between work and personal life.Questions:1) What has contributed to the difficulty of achieving work-life balance in modern society?A) The rise of remote work opportunities.B) The increasing demand for skilled labor.C) The expectation to be constantly available.D) The decline in job security.2) What is one of the negative effects of being constantly available for work?A) Increased job satisfaction.B) Higher productivity levels.C) Burnout and decreased job satisfaction.D) Improved work-life balance.3) How are some employers helping employees achieve work-life balance?A) By increasing work hours and reducing vacation time.B) By offering flexible working hours and remote work options.C) By eliminating work-from-home opportunities.D) By requiring employees to work on weekends.4) Why is work-life balance important?A) It helps employees earn more money.B) It allows employees to focus solely on their careers.C) It is essential for maintaining physical and mental health.D) It improves job security.Passage Three:The importance of cybersecurity has grown exponentially as the world becomes more connected through the internet. Cyberattacks are becoming more frequent and sophisticated, targeting everything from personal information to critical infrastructure.One of the most common forms of cyberattacks is phishing, where attackers trick individuals into providing sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy source. This can lead to identity theft, financial loss, and damage to an organization's reputation.To combat these threats, both individuals and organizations must take proactive measures. This includes using strong passwords, keeping software up to date, and being cautious of suspicious emails and links. Additionally, governments and businesses are investing in cybersecurity technologies and training to protect against potential threats.In conclusion, cybersecurity is an essential aspect of modern life, requiring constant vigilance and proactive measures to safeguard against the ever-evolving threats in the digital world. Questions:1) What has contributed to the growing importance of cybersecurity?A) The decline in internet usage.B) The increase in cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure.C) The rise of traditional communication methods.D) The reduction in government regulations.2) What is one of the most common forms of cyberattacks?A) Phishing.B) Malware.C) Ransomware.D) Denial of service.3) What can individuals do to protect themselves from cyberattacks?A) Use weak passwords and share them with others.B) Keep software up to date and be cautious of suspicious emails.C) Ignore cybersecurity threats and rely on antivirus software.D) Avoid using the internet altogether.4) How are governments and businesses addressing cybersecurity threats?A) By reducing investments in cybersecurity technologies.B) By training employees and investing in cybersecurity technologies.C) By eliminating the use of the internet in the workplace.D) By ignoring cybersecurity risks.答案部分1. Part II 阅读理解（40分钟）Section APassage:电子商务的发展已经极大地改变了零售业。

大学英语四级阅读习题及答案大学英语四级阅读习题(一)1、A2、D3、C4、C5、B大学英语四级阅读习题答案Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should "cut the (umbilical) cord" and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" and to "stand on their own two feet".Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy. Nine-or ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers (13 to 18 years) may baby-sit neighbors homes in order to earn a few dollar a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciate the value of money.21. According to this passage, the way people treat newborns _____.A) is a sign of their customsB) is an indication of their level of knowledgeC) symbolizes their social systemD) varies from culture to culture22. The expression, "to cut the cord", is used to show that _____.A) children dont like their parentsB) parents dont feel close to their childrenC) parents would not like to live together with their childrenD) independence from ones family is an important personal goal in USA23. Children who are "tied to the apron strings" _____.A) are caught in their mothers apronsB) must always wear an apron when they eatC) are very dependent on their mothersD) are independent from their parents24. American people often let their children work for money outside the home at a very early age because _____.A) children have to earn money to help the familyB) they need more moneyC) they want them to begin establishing autonomyD) children have to save money for future use25. It can be inferred from this passage that _____.A) Americans are money loversB) Americans admire independenceC) Americans are good at decision-makingD) Americans are all responsible大学英语四级阅读习题(二)Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.21. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupB) analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC) set a standard for football refereeingD) reexamine the rules for football refereeing22. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.A) slightly above averageB) higher than in the 1998 World CupC) quite unexpectedD) as high as in a standard match23. The findings of the experiment show that ________.A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occurD) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot24. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to ________.A) the researchers involved in the experimentB) the inspectors of the football tournamentC) the referees of the football tournamentD) the observers at the site of the experiment25. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is45.B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.。

Aldous Huxley was a most unfortunate man.When he died in 1963 he must have expired in the confident belief that the event would be given wide coverage in the press the next day.After all,his career had not been without distinction.Where he made his big mistake was in dying on the same day that John F.Kennedy was assassinated.As a result Huxley got about three column inches at the bottom of page 27.In the same way the death of Victor Farris has gone widely unnoticed because he foolishly shuffled off this mortal coil at the same time as Mr.Konstantin Chernenko.Now,as you all know,Victor Farris was the chap who invented the paper clip.The paper milk carton too.And paper clips and milk cartons will be in use long after everyone has forgotten the name of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke is called.『The same goes for the inventor of the supermarket trolley who died in Switzerland a few months ago.』①Fell off his trolley,so to speak.『For all I know,he may be a household name in his own canton and they are putting up a statue of home wheeling his trolley,and are going to commemorate him on one of those ever-so-tasteful Swiss postage stamps we used to collect when we were younger and wiser,』②but I doubt if his name will be remembered outside the borders of his small country.Personally I forgot it within minutes of reading of his decease.Not that it matters.Somehow it is hard to imagine things like paper clips and supermarket trolleys having had a named inventor.It’s like discovering that at a particular moment of history a particular person invented the spoon,or the chair, or socks.One assumes that these everyday objects just happened,or evolved through natural selection.It isn’t necessarily so.I read only the other day that Richard Ⅱinvented the handkerchief.Almost everything else was invented either by Leonardo daVinci(scissors,bicycles,helicopters,and probably spoons,socks and the Rubik cube as well)or by Benjamin Franklin(lightning-conductor,rocking-chair,bifocals)or else by Joseph Stalin(television).It’s quite possible that Leonardo or Benjamin Franklin or Stalin also invented the supermarket trolley.Certainly it has been invented more than once.Hardly was Herr Edelweiss(or whatever the Swiss chap was called)in his grave,than news came of the death of SylvanN.Goodman at the age of 86.Sylvan also invented the supermarket trolley or,as the Los Angeles Times report calls it,the shopping cart.Be that as it may,Herr Edelweiss or Sylvan Goodman,or both,did a grand job and madesupermarket shopping far less hellish than it would otherwise be.The next step will be to get the trolleys out of the shops and into the streets.You could put an engine in the front and call it a car.Or give it big wheels and a canopy and call it a pram.The possibilities are endless.1.It can be inferred from the passage that Herr Edelweiss.A.was remembered by the people all over worldB.made a lot of money from his inventionC.was not very famousD.was a business partner of Sylvan Goodman2.The author writes this article in order to illustrate that.A.the names of the people who invented the most useful things are usually forgottenB.everyday objects are invented and evolve through natural selectionC.many everyday objects are invented more than onceD.many famous people have passed away without being noticed3.Who probably invented spoons?A.Leonardo da Vinci.B.Benjamin Franklin.C.Victor Farris.D.A person unknown.4. By stating that Leonardo da Vinci invented helicopters, the author means .A. he really did itB. he is a military scientistC. he painted in one of his masterpieces a helicoptersD. people turn to ascribe inventions to him but they are wrong5.What can be inferred about Aldous Huxley?A.His death was not reported by the press.B.He was a famous inventor.C.He made a very big mistake in his late years.D.He died on the same day as John F.Kenneddy.V ocabulary1.canopy n. 天篷2.pram n. 婴儿车长难句解析①【解析】“the same goes”解析为同样的事情也发生，例:The same goes for our classmates.同样的事情也发生在我的同学身上。

2006年6月一、Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth.通讯技术在传递真相的时候并不是简单地和真相本身一致。

The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.从第一项对使用不同通讯媒介时的诚实程度的比较重可以看出，人们在使用电话时的说谎几率是使用电子邮件时的两倍。

The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt (困扰) you-appears to be the key to the finding.因为电子邮件内容会被自动记录下来----并可能对你造成困扰----这就是这项研究的关键所在。

Jeff Hancock of Cor'nell University in Ithaca['iθəkə] , New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week.Jeff Hancock在位于纽约州伊萨卡的康奈尔大学执教，他曾要求30个学生记录一周中每天的通讯情况。

In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.参与其中的人需要记录超过10分钟的对话或者电子邮件通讯的数量，并且要坦诚自己说了多少谎话。

全新版大学英语阅读教程4Unit 1 In the Frozen Waters of Qomolangma,I learned the Value of Humility在结冰的珠穆朗玛峰,我学会了谦虚的价值2007年7月15日,我游过一个开放的补丁的海洋在北极突出的北极冰雪融化的海冰。

Three years later, I remember it as if it were yesterday. 三年后,我记得这件事仿佛就发生在昨天。

I recall walking to the edge of the sea and thinking: I've never seen anything so frightening in my life. 我记得走到的边缘海和思考:我从未见过任何东西这么可怕的在我的生命中。

There were giant chunks of ice in the water, which was –1.7C (29F) and utterly black.有巨大的冰块在水中,这些是-1.7摄氏度(29 F)和完全的黑色。

If things go pear-shaped now, I thought, how long would it take for my frozen body to sink the 4.2km to the seabed? 如果事情去梨形的现在,我想,要多久我冻僵的尸体沉到海底的4.2公里?And then I realised that was perhaps the single worst thought one could have before attempting a symbolic 1km swim wearing nothing but a pair of Speedos. 然后我意识到,也许是最严重认为可能会在尝试一个象征性的1公里的游泳只穿着一双紧身泳裤。

大学英语四级考试翻译题大学英语四级考试翻译题五篇1.李白是中国唐代著名的诗人之一。

他因杰出的写诗才能，被赋予诗仙(Poetic Genius)的称号。

他的大部分诗写于唐朝兴盛和衰败时期。

他是中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一。

李白一生都过着流浪的(wandering)生活。

他有才华，但没有机会施展。

他很失望，心里愤愤不平。

他必须通过喝酒和写诗来获得乐趣。

然而我们可能不得不感谢他悲惨的政治生活，否则我们将会失去一笔诗歌上的巨大财富。

翻译：Li Bai was one of the celebrated poets in the Tang Dynasty of China. He was endowed with the title of Poetic Genius for his brilliant talent in writing poems. Most of his poems were produced in the rise and fall period of the Tang Dynasty. He is one of the greatest poets in the history of China. Li Bai lived a wandering life all his life. He had talent but no opportunity to use it. He was very disappointed and resentful. He had to attain fun by drinking wine and writing poems. However, maybe we have to thank his miserable political life, or we will lose a great fortune in poetry.2.太极拳(Taijiquan)是一种中国武术内家拳(the internalstyles of Chinese martial art)。

1Romantic love is one of the most enticing topics around. Just about every movie, TV show, and country-music song contains some element of romance. For many, romantic relationships are by far the most important in their lives.浪漫的爱情是最迷人的一个话题。

几乎所有的电影，电视节目，音乐和乡村音乐歌曲包含一些爱情元素。

对许多人来说，浪漫关系是迄今为止在他们的生活中最重要的。

As a society, we long for intimacy. We grow up believing that if we "just meet the right person" we will be happy. This message is popularized by modern media. It is perhaps one of the most destructive messages around. Quentin Crisp says: "The consuming desire of most human beings is to deliberately plant their whole life in the hands of some other person. I would describe this method of searching for happiness as immature ..."作为一个社会，我们长期的亲密。

我们相信如果我们“仅仅满足人的权利”，我们会很高兴的。

这个消息是由现代媒体推广。

这也许是最具破坏性的消息。

Passage1Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。

I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。

事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。

Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders.我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。

2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题【阅读】Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were pre dicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previousmeal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Uniti 11.As the gender barriers crumbled（瓦解） ,the numberofwomen working as lawyers,doctors, or bankers began toincrease significantly from the mid-20th century.随着性别障碍的瓦解，从 20 世纪中叶开始，担任律师，医生或银行家的女性人数开始显着增加。

2.With the data collected each year, the owner of the shopcan discern（识别） customer trends and how thingslike weather and economic indicators affect salesperformance.通过每年收集的数据，商店的所有者可以识别客户趋势以及天气和经济指标等因素对销售业绩的影响。

3.His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such apositive manner that he is not only able to reach butto surpass（超越） his personal goals. 他的主管以如此积极的态度推动和激励他，使他不仅能够达到而且超越他的个人目标。

4.He is a man with a（n） shrewd（精明） businesssense.He has built his initial investment into asubstantial and even excessively large fortune.他是一个有精明商业头脑的人。

他把最初的投资变成了一笔可观的、甚至过大的财富。

5.The conversion（转化） of nuclear radiation directlyinto electricity was an exciting possibility that wasbeing vigorously explored in many laboratories inthe1950s.核辐射直接转化为电能是令人兴奋的可能性，在 20 世纪 50 年代的许多实验室中都在积极探索。