Unit 3I. Teaching Objectives1. Focus on certain phonetic elements that affect listening comprehension.2. Note-taking: a skill that needs systematic training to acquire and helps the listener form a general idea of the speech.3. Listening to different types of materials, conversations, passages and news.4. Listening for gist, identifying specific information, and understanding inferences.5. Oral presentation: Answering questions and RetellingII. Teaching ContentsSection One: Tactics for ListeningPart 1: PhoneticsPart 2: Listening and Note-takingSection Two: Listening ComprehensionPart 1: DialoguesDialogue 1: What’s He Like?Dialogue 2: How Old Are You?Part 2: Passage: Informational InterviewingPart 3: NewsNews Item 1News Item 2News Item 3Section Three: Oral WorkPart 1: Questions and AnswersPart 2: RetellingSection Four: Supplementary ExercisesPart 1: Listening ComprehensionPassage 1: British Postman and MilkmanPassage 2: Study in the United StatesPart 2: Oral WorkIII. Teaching Emphases1．Phonetics: weak forms of certain words“a”, “at”, “and”, link-ups of two or three words and contractions.2. Abilities for note-taking:(1) to select the important points;(2) to write them succinctly and quickly;(3) to lay them out clearly.3. A variety of listening “strategies”:(1) making predictions about what the speaker is going to say next or where the discourse is “leading” to;(2) matching what we hear against our background knowledge, such as our own experience, our knowledge of the world and other cultures, etc.;(3) distinguishing the main point of what we hear from less important details, and “following the thread” of a conversation or a passage;(4) inferring information about the speakers and their situation that is implied in what we hear.4. A gist in the form of a key word, a phrase, a sentence or a brief summary5. A clear distinction of two types of words: those which affect comprehension and those which do not6. Students’ active participation by giving a complete answer to each question7. Retelling in the form of an outline, questions or a summary frameworkIV. Time Allotment2 Hours for this unit1 hour for Section One and Section Two (Dialogues, Passages)1 hour for Section Two (News) and Section ThreeV. Teaching proceduresThis unit is to be finished in two hours.Section One:Tactics for Listening (helping the students to learn the tactics for listening)Part 1: PhoneticsListen to the tape and complete the short dialogue. Pay special attention to the weak forms of certain words“a”, “at”, “and”, link-ups of two or three words and contractions. Tapescript:Friend: Hi. Linda. I hear you and John got married (1) last month. Linda: Yeah, we did. (smiling) Three weeks (2) ago.Friend: Well, congratulations!Linda: Thank you.Friend: Did you (3) have a big wedding?Linda: No, we got (4) married at City Hall. We didn't want to spend very much because (5) we're saving to buy a house.Friend: Where did you (6) have the reception?Linda: Oh, we (7) didn't have a reception. We just (8) invited a few friends over for drinks afterwards.Friend: What (9) did you wear?Linda: Just a skirt and blouse.Friend: Oh!Linda: And John wore a (10) jacket and jeans.Friend: Where did you (11) go for your honeymoon?Linda: We (12) didn 't have a honeymoon. We went back to work the next day. Ah, here comes(13) my bus.Friend: Listen. (14) I'd love to help celebrate. Why don't you two (15) come over for a drink next week?Linda: Sure. We'd love to. (16)I’ll talk to John and (17) call you Monday.Friend: Great. See you (18) next week.Linda: Bye.Part 2: Listening and Note-takin gListen to the conversation and take notes on the following items.As the students listen to the dialogue, ask them to focus on the items the speakers are discussing and the relative information. The students can first write down the name of each item, and then put the relative information beside it. And also ask the students to pay attention to how the prices are read in the dialogue. Ask the students not to refer to Exercise B as they are doing note-taking.Tapescript:Bob: Look at that, Angela. True-Value are going to sell hi-fi's for 72.64 pounds.I'm going to buy one. We can save at least 20 pounds.Angela: Yes, and look at the washing machines. They're going to sell some washing machines for 98.95 pounds. So we can save 22 pounds. A washing machine is more important than a hi-fi.Bob: By the way, Angela. Do you know how much money we've got? About 200pounds, I hope.Angela: Here's the bank statement. I didn't want to open it. Oh, dear.Bob: What's the matter?Angela: We haven't got 200 pounds, I'm afraid.Bob: Well, come on. How much have we got?Angela: Only 150 pounds 16.Exercise A:the things they want to buy the price1. a hi-fi 72.64 pounds2. a washing machine 98.95 pounds money they can save at least 20 pounds.22 pounds.Exercise B:The amount of money they should pay for the things they want to buy: 171 pounds 59. The amount of money they think they can save: 42 pounds.The amount of money they think they can have: 200 pounds.The amount of money they actually have: 150 pounds 16.Section Two: Listening ComprehensionPart 1: DialoguesDialogues 1: What’s He Like?One of the speakers is describing the new manager to the other. The teacher may ask the students to write down all the key words related to the description of the new manager. Then ask the students to put these key words into different categories: age, appearance, etc. Ask the students to use the information to finish Exercises A and B at the same time if they can. The students may listen to the dialogue again if necessary.Tapescript:A: Tell me about your new manager. What's he like?B: Oh, terrific. He's tall, good-looking ... well, I think he's good-looking, anyway ... and he's about35 or 36. He's very interested in all kinds of sports —football, basketball... oh, and tennis. My friend told me he's very good at tennis. He plays at the same tennis club ... the club where she plays ... you know.A: Oh, is he friendly? I mean, in the office ...B: Well, I don't know him very well. He's a bit... shy I think. He isn't married, he lives in a flat on his own ... well, just him and his dog.Exercise A:Age: 35 or 36Appearance: good-lookingHobbies: sports —football, basketball and tennisMarriage status: single/not marriedExercise B:1. What is he good at? How does his friend know that?(He is good at tennis. His friend knows that because he plays at the same tennis club where she plays.)2. Does he live alone? Has he got a companion?(Yes, he lives alone. But he has a companion, his dog.)Dialogue 2: How Old Are You?This is an interview. Before the students listen to the interview, the teacher may ask them to study the summary passage carefully. What are the possible questions the interviewer will ask the interviewee?Tapescript:Man1: All right. Keith. How old are you?Man2: Thirty-seven.Man1: Thirty-seven, yeah? And, erm, you married?Man2: Yes.Man1: Yeah. Have you got children?Man2: Two.Man1: Yeah. What are their names?Man2: Toby and Lucy.Man1: Toby and Lucy. How old are they?Man2: One's 11, that's Lucy; and Toby's 13.Man1: Yeah. Tell me about your job, Keith.Man2: Well, I work at the Oxford University Press. I'm a printer's reader and copy editor.Man1: Erm, what sort of hours of work do you have?Man2: Erm, 7.30 in the morning.Man1: You start work at 7.30?Man2: Yes. I start at 7.30 in the morning and finish at 4.15. That's with a 45-minute lunch break.Man1: Yeah. Do you like it that way? Do you like starting very early?Man2: No, I don't. No.Man1: How do you go to work?Man2: Er, well, I cycle from here to Didcot station, and then catch the train and return journey.Man1: Tell me one or two things you like doing, and one or two things you don't like doing. What do you like doing? What do you do for enjoyment?Man2: Well, I'm quite interested in antiques*.Man1: Yes.Man2: Things I don't like —I don't like decorating. I'm not awfully keen on gardening.Man1: OK.Man2: What reading — what sort of — what newspaper do you read?Man1: The Times.Man2: The Times, yeah.Man1: And The Sunday Times.Man2: Yeah. And what kind of books do you read?Man1: Erm — tends to be more along history lines. Not novels, generally, more general history. Local history especially.Man2: Yeah, OK. Do you smoke, Keith?Man1: No.Man2: You drink?Man1: Occasionally.Man2: Yeah. Do you go to church?Man1: Not very often, no.Man2: Right. Thank you very much indeed.Exercise:Name of the interviewee: Keith.Keith is (1) 37 years old. She's got (2) two children. One is (3) 11 and the other is (4) 13. She is a (5) printer's reader and copy editor at the (6) Oxford University Press. She starts work at (7) 7.30 and finishes at (8) 4.15 with a (9) 45-minute lunch break. She goes to work by (10) bicycle and train.She is interested in (11) antiques. She dislikes (12) decorating and is not awfully (13) keen on gardening. She reads quite a lot, (14) newspapers, books, especially (15) books of history.She doesn't (16) smoke and drinks (17) only occasionally. She doesn't (18) go to the church often.Part 2: Passage: Informational InterviewingTapescript:Informational interviews are one of the most beneficial ways through which to learn about a career field; they can also serve as a place to begin networking. Theirpurpose is to explore a particular field or organization and learn the "ins and outs*"细节；底子；本末；底细of that field from a practitioner*从业者，执业者. Rather than being asked questions, you are the questioner, gathering information that will help you evaluate* your interest in and suitability for a particular opportunity.An informational interview is a fine place to raise doubts you might have, explore the compatibility* 适合；互换性；通用性；和睦相处of your work values with those expressed in the field and ask for advice. An individual whom you interview for information can also critique your resume.Although you may not specifically find out about a job opening, informational interviewing will often provide leads* as to where to begin a successful job search and will help you choose between fields you are considering. If you are unable to find your former students or parents to meet for an informational interview, try contacting employers or organizations found in one of the closed stack* directories in the CRC* library.Exercise:l. D 2. A 3 C 4. B 5.A 6. A 7. B 8. DPart 3 NewsNews Item 1This news item is about the 2008 United States presidential election. On November 4, 2008, after a campaign that lasted nearly two years, Americans elected Illinois senator Barack Obama their 44th president. As the students listen to the news item, ask them to pay attention to the special features of this presidential election.Tapescript:This presidential election is creating unusual interest and excitement across America, especially with young people and Democrats.The Democrats hope to reclaim the White House after eight years of Republican presidency. Yet candidates from both parties are promising change.There are major issues facing Americans: the weakening economy, the Iraq war. Other concerns include the troubled housing market, high costs of health care and energy, and the debate over illegal immigration.But interest in the election is also being driven by the candidates themselves. Democrats Hillary Clinton or Barack Obama would become America's first female or first black president. Republican John McCain would become, at age seventy- two, the oldest president elected to a first term.A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.This news item is about the presidential election in the US A.B: Listen to the news item again and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1. D2.B3. B4. A5.DNews Item 2This news item is about the mission of the space shuttle Discovery. The assembly of the International Space Station is also mentioned. The teacher may give a brief introduction about the International Space Station, which is assembled from modules in Earth orbit.Tapescript:The space shuttle Discovery landed at Kennedy Space Center in the state of Florida last month. It was the one hundred twentieth shuttle flight and the twenty-third to the International Space Station.The United States space agency had two main goals for this flight of Discovery. First, the crew was to move a structure from one side of the space station to the other. And then they were to add a new room to the space station.NASA calls the new addition to the space station the Harmony connecting module. It is the first new room added to the space station since 2001. Harmony is about seven meters long and about four meters wide. It will be a passageway be-tween the laboratories and the rest of the space station.A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.This news item is about the one hundred twentieth flight of the space shuttle Discovery.B: Listen to the news item again and fill in the following chart.Space Shuttle DiscoverySpace Station.Two main goals for this flight:1.The crew was to move a structure from one side of the space station to theother.....2.They were to add a new room — Harmony — to the space station.News Item 3This news item is about the WHO's warning of tobaccos risks. As the students listen to the news item, ask them to pay attention to the alarming number of tobacco-related deaths and its shocking increase rate.Tapescript:The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow six policies to prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths. The six policies are known as MPOWER, spelled M-P-O-W-E-R.The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. The P is for pro-tecting people by establishing smoke-free areas. The O stands for offering services to help people stop smoking. The W is for warning people about the dangers of tobacco. The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And the R is for raising taxes on tobacco.The WHO says tobacco now causes more than five million deaths a year. It predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year 2030. By the end of the century, it says, tobacco could kill one billion people — ten times as many as in the twentieth century.A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.This news item is about tobacco risk to a billion lives this century, as predicted by the WHO.B: Listen to the news item again and answer the following questions.1.What is the World Health Organization urging countries to do?The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow six policies to prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths.2.The six policies are known as MPOWER, spelled M-P-O-W-E-R. What does each letter stand for?The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. The P is for protecting people by establishing smoke-free areas. The O stands for offering services to helppeople stop smoking. The W is for warning people about the dangers of tobacco. The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And the R is for raising taxes on tobacco.3. How many deaths does tobacco cause now?The WHO says tobacco now causes more than five million deaths a year.4.Will this number rise by the year 2030?Yes. The WHO predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year 2030.5. How many people will be killed by the end of the century?By the end of the century, tobacco could kill one billion people — ten times as many as in the twentieth century.Section Three: Oral WorkPart 1: Questions and AnswersVocabulary:come along:develop in a positive waywork out: find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of Good heavens: int. 哎呀! 天哪!(表示惊奇、哀伤等) 天哪! 糟糕！make the most of: 充分利用Tapescript:Mrs White: How did your writing go this morning? Is the book coming along all right? Mr White: I'm not sure. I think the rest of it will be difficult to write. There are still some problems to solve.Mrs White: I expect you'll find the answers interesting to work out.Mr White: If I can work them out. Thank goodness the house is easy to work in. I shall at least be able to think.Mrs White: You've forgotten something. Peace and quiet will be difficult to guarantee much longer.Mr White: Good heavens, yes. The school holidays start in a week, don't they? The house will be impossible to work in while they last.Mrs White: Well, some extra noise is hard to avoid. But I'll keep them away from the study as much as I can. That'll be all right to work in.Mr White: What about the garden? It was beautifully peaceful and quiet out there this morning.Mrs White: Well, you'd better make the most of it while it lasts. Peace and quiet will behard to find in the garden pretty soon, I'm afraid.Exercise:Listen to the dialogue and then answer some questions about it. You will hear the dialogue and the questions only once. Answer each question with a complete sentence after you have heard it.Questions:1. What was Mr White doing this morning?(He was writing his book this morning.)2. According to Mr White, was the book coming along all right?(No, he thought the rest of the book would be difficult to write.)3. What did Mrs White expect?(She expected that Mr White would find the answers to some problems occurred in his book.)4. Why did Mr White think the house was easy to work in?(Because he would at least be able to think.)5. When would the school holidays start?(They would start in a week.)6. Was it possible for Mr White to work in the house during the school holidays? (No, it was impossible for him to work in the house.)7. Could Mr White work in the garden this morning?(Yes, he could work in the garden this morning.)Why?(Because it was peaceful and quiet.)8. Why should Mr White make most of it while the garden was peaceful and quiet? (Because peace and quiet would be hard to find in the garden pretty soon.)Part 2: RetellingExercise:Listen to the passage and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the passage only once.Tapescript:To the American people, education is very important. The first twelve years of public school are free of charge. As a result, about 93 percent of the teenagers from fourteen to seventeen years old are in high school.However, 200 years ago, education was not free. American elementary schools were only for rich people. Most young people were not in school.The first public high school was in 1832. The purpose of the school was toprepare students for college. Its most important subjects were mathematics and foreign languages.Nowadays, American education is a big business. There are about 45 million students in the nation’s elementary schools and high schools. Each year there are about three million high school graduates. The main purpose of high school is still to prepare students for college. There are also job-training programmes in high school and programmes to teach useful skills for everyday life — for example, driver training, first aid, and even cooking.Section Four: Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 British Postman and MilkmanTapescript:British postmen and milkmen have a reputation for being cheerful. As they both arrive very early in the morning, when you are perhaps not feeling very good-tempered, their brisk*轻快的；爽快而清新的knocking and bright whistling may get on your nerves. Of course, there are some gloomy令人沮丧的；悲观的postmen, who make you think that every letter contains tragic news, but the majority are jolly 快活的；兴高采烈的；愉快的；有趣的and good-humoured. This is quite surprising, because delivering the mail each morning is a job which is not very well paid and there are a great many problems.The city postman has to go on foot, not only along streets but also up and down stairs, as many blocks of flats公寓楼still have no lifts and no downstairs letterbox. If he has a registered letter to deliver, he has to wait for someone to come to the door to sign for it. That person may greet him in a most unfriendly way if he has just been woken from a deep sleep very early in the morning.In the country, a postman may have a bicycle or a small van厢式货车, so he does not have to walk so far, but nevertheless he has his problems too. It is very annoying to be compelled* to go all the way to an isolated隔离的；孤独的；单独的；偏远的house simply to deliver a postcard or a circular通知，通告；印制的广告，传单when this makes the journey half an hour longer. In winter, weather conditions are bad, but the postman must carry on in the rain or the snow. Sometimes it is impossible to use a van or a bicycle in these conditions, and he has to do his round* on foot, like his city colleague. Most country people keep a dog. Although there may be a notice on thegate, "BEWARE OF THE DOG," this is of little help to the postman. He is forced to go in, whether the dog is dangerous or not. So every day the country postman knows that, if the dog is not safely tied up, it may bite him on the leg or tear* the seat* out of his trousers.Exercise:l.B 2. A 3.C 4. A 5.D 6. A 7. D 8. BPassage2 Study in the United StatesTapescript:The latest report from the Institute for International Education gives information from the school year that began in September of last year and ended in May of this year. It says more than 500,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.New York University in New York City had the largest number of foreign students. Almost 5,000 foreign students attended NYU last year. The University of Southern California at Los Angeles had the second largest number of students, about 4,500.The report says the State of California had the most foreign students, with about 66,000 living there last year. New York State was next, with about 55,000 foreign students.China sent the most foreign students to the United States last year. More than 54,000 Chinese students attended American schools. Japan sent the next highest number of students, almost 47,000. India was next, with about 42,000. And Korea was fourth, sending more than 41,000 students to the United States.The report says the most popular subjects of study for international students in the United States last year were business and management. Twenty percent of all foreign students were studying those subjects. Fifteen percent studied engineering. Nineteen percent studied mathematics and computer science.Exercise A:Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.F 1. The school year in the United States begins in September of this year and ends in June of next year.(The school year in the United States begins in September of this year and ends in May of the next year.)F 2.New York University in the State of New York had the largest number of foreign students.(New York University in New York City had the largest number of foreign students.) T 3. The State of California had the most foreign students living there last year. (The report says the State of California had the most foreign students, with about 66,000 living there last year.)F 4. More than 50,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.(More than 500,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.)F st year the most popular subject of study for international students in the United States was computer science.(Last year the most popular subject of study for international students in the United States was business and management.)Exercise B:Listen to the report again and match the number of students with the corresponding country.54,000 China47,000 Japan42,000 India41,000 KoreaPart 2: Oral WorkTapescript:In a recent broadcast, I heard a woman say that she felt guilty because she spent £20 at an auction拍卖；竞卖sale. She was afraid her husband might accuse her of being extravagant过度的，过分的；奢侈的，浪费的；放肆的；大量的. I find this attitude diff i cult to understand, for, obviously a married woman has as much right to spend £20 as her husband. Sometimes both husband and wife go out to work. But, in a case where the woman stays at home to look after the children, it is still unfair that she should feel guilty about spending a small sum of money on herself.Exercise:Listen to the passage and then g i ve your opinion on the following topic.Do you agree with the speaker that the woman’s attitude is wrong?[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。
