2014上海虹口区高考历史二模试题(附答案)_2014042011150935_274

上海市虹口区2014届高三第一学期期终教学质量监控测英语试题考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷（第10页），全卷共10页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Kate. B. Anna. C. Jane. D. Mary.2. A. 205. B. 155. C. 145. D. 215.3. A. Malaysia. B. Korea. C. Japan. D. Singapore.4. A. A doctor. B. A professor. C. A guide. D. A businessman.5. A. She hasn’t a dictionary. B. She is not sure how to read the word.C. She has looked the word up in the dictionary.D. She is going to buy a dictionary.6. A. To live in the country. B. To live in a big city alone.C. To live with her parents.D. To live in a big city.7. A. Buying another bicycle. B. Buying a used bicycle.C. Buying a new bicycle.D. Not buying a bicycle.8. A. There’s something wrong with the bus. B. He’s in the hospital.C. It’s going in the wrong direction.D. He missed the bus.9. A. Please sit down. B. She doesn’t want the man to sit with her.C. She’ll mind if he sits down.D. It doesn’t matter whether he sits down or not.10. A. To draw a picture. B. To open the window.C. To look at somebody.D. To take a photo with the camera.Section BDirections In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Freezing. D. Wet.12. A. Two to four feet. B. Three feet. C. Seven feet. D. Two to three feet.13. A. A gallery. B. An exhibit. C. A device. D. A Coffee Shop.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A certificate. B. A sofa. C. A visit to a dog hotel. D. A spa (水疗).15. A. By reviewing a vet’s certificate. B. By collecting information from witnesses.C. By checking the photographs.D. All of the above.16. A. Because she is dying. B. Because she is too old to move forward.C. Because she suffers from joint problems.D. Because she usually has spa at home.Section CDirections In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with_____25_____ experienced waitress for a few days, I was allowed to wait tables on my own. All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I _____26_____ (give) the tables not far from the kitchen. However, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays(托盘).The restaurant was full of people _____27 _____I could realize that. I moved slowly, and minded every step. I remember how happy I was when I saw the tray stand near the tables; It had nice handles, _____28_____ (make) it easier to move around. I was pleased with everything and began to believe I was a natural at this job.Then, an old man came to me and said, “Excuse me, dear, my wife and I loved watching you work. _____29_____ seems that your tray stand has been very useful to you, but we are getting ready to leave now, and my wife _____30_____ wait to take her walker back.”At first his message did not get across. “What was he talking about!”Then, I got it. I _____31_____(set) my trays on his wife’s orthopedic walker(助步器). My face was on fire. I wanted to get into a hole and hide.Since then, I’ve learned that sometimes there’s no point _____32_____ (be) too sure of myself.(B)There are a variety of techniques used to bring about success in selling. Here are the most important ones _____33_____ are often mentioned by successful salespeople.•Find out _____34_____ your customers’real wants and needs are. Listen as they tell you their favours.•Know all about your product and what it can do for your customers. Product knowledge is a “must”in personal selling because it creates confidence, builds enthusiasm, and makes the situation more professional. Lay emphasis on the unique advantage of your product _____35_____ others.•Take a confident attitude in selling your product. It is _____36_____(effective) when the salesperson says, “May I help you?”than when he or she says “You wouldn’t like to see our model, _____37_____you?”•Prepare yourself _____38_____(deal) with objections. If the customer says the price is too high, you might reply, “Yes, the price may be a little higher than _____39_____(plan). However, actually, you will save money _____40_____ high quality of this product.”D on’t disagree with your customer in any case when he or she says the price is too high.•Use praise wisely.Section BDirections Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Television watching is an activity which is known to be harmful to health and is distinct from getting too little exercise. But a new study suggests its damaging effects may even _____41_____ alongside those from smoking and obesity(肥胖). Researchers who studied television viewing habits in Australia calculated that people who watch for a(n) _____42_____ of six hours a day shorten their life expectancy(预期寿命) by almost five years.They based their calculations on data on the _____43 _____between television viewing and death from the Australian obesity and lifestyle study which involved 11,000 adults aged 25 and over. Applying these findings to the whole population over 25, who are estimated to have watched 9.8 billion hours of TV in 2008, they concluded that it _____44_____ for 286,000 years of life lost — equivalent to 22 minutes for each hour watched. By _____45_____, smoking one cigarette is estimated to shorten life expectancy by 11 minutes — equivalent to half an hour of TV watching.Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the authors from the University of Queensland, say the figures suggest “huge loss of life may be _____46_____ with too much TV viewing.” The UK and other industrialized countries are likely to be similarly affected “given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and the similarities in disease patterns.” The researchers add “If these figures are_____47_____ and shown to reflect a cause and effect relationship, TV viewing is a public health problem comparable in size to established behavioral risk factors.”Researchers from Taiwan University found even those who did as little as 92 minutes’exercise a week —equivalent to 15 minutes a day for six days a week —reduced their _____48_____ of death by 14 per cent. Even this small amount of exercise could _____49_____ one in six of all deaths —similar to the effects of a stop-smoking programme. Each _____50_____ 15 minutes a day reduced the death rate by a further 4 per cent.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.To understand how Americans think about things, it is necessary to understand “the point”. Americans mention it often “Let’s get right to the point”, they will say “My point is …”“What’s the point of all this?”The “point”is the _____51_____ or piece of information that Americans suppose is, or should be, _____52_____ of people’s thinking, writings, and spoken comments. Speakers and writers are supposed to ”make their points clear”, _____53_____ that they are supposed to say or write clearly the idea or piece of information they wish to _____54_____.People from many other cultures have different ideas about the _____55_____. Africans traditionally tell stories that express the _____56_____ they have in mind, rather than stating out “the point”clearly. Japanese traditionally speak _____57_____, leaving the listener to _____58_____ what the point is. _____59_____, while an American might say to a friend, “I don’t think that coat goes very well with the rest of your outfit”, a Japanese might say, “Maybe another coat would look even _____60_____ than the one you have on.”Americans _____61_____ a person who “gets right to the point”. Japanese are likely to consider such a person lacking thoughtfulness and sympathy if not _____62_____.The Chinese and Japanese languages are characterized by vagueness and ambiguity(模棱两可). The precision and directness Americans associate with “the point” cannot be _____63_____, at least not with any grace, in Chinese and Japanese. Speakers of those languages thus have to _____64_____ a new way of reasoning and expressing their ideas _____65_____ they are going to communicate satisfactorily with Americans.51. A. word B. idea C. place D. time52. A. at the center B. on the basis C. on the part D. beyond the reach53. A. thinking B. explaining C. meaning D. stating54. A. discuss B. remember C. express D. criticize55. A. point B. information C. reasons D. feelings56. A. comments B. meanings C. secret D. thought57. A. frankly B. indirectly C. reluctantly D. truly58. A. figure out B. search for C. make up D. look over59. A. Otherwise B. However C. Moreover D. Thus60. A. tighter B. better C. thicker D. longer61. A. value B. forgive C. punish D. insult62. A. sensitive B. foolish C. rude D. loyal63. A. corrected B. achieved C. changed D. explained64. A. learn B. consider C. suggest D. decide65. A. although B. because C. until D. ifSection BDirections Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the delegates at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child,” I told them. “Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this would be. In school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do? You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make your actions reflect your words.”I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe I had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur(激励) action. Now, a decade from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices —education, career, lifestyle —life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is inprogress, but aren’t taught how to pursue a happy, healthy or sustainable(可持续的) way of living. And we are learning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was ideal and innocent.Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of change.66. The purpose of what the writer said at the age of 12 was to _____.A. end poverty and make school beautifulB. find environmental answers and keep the words that they always told themselvesC. end poverty and solve the problems about environmentD. find a wonderful place and clean it up67. What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to _____.A. a long period of laughingB. a warm welcomeC. an expression used for greetingD. a long period of clapping and applause68. It becomes clear that the writer is possibly _____ now.A. in his teensB. in his twentiesC. in his thirtiesD. in his forties69. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. the writer thinks what he thought at the age of 12 is mature.B. the writer’s children will certainly live in an ideal environment.C. the writer’s confidence in the people in power has deeply shaken their voice.D. the writer’s belief does not change when he grows up.(B)70. Zeo is a revolution in the science of sleep mainly because it _____.A. can record one’s sleep processB. is the first product to manage one’s sleepC. is free of medical risksD. provides access to sleep fitness websites71. What is the most remarkable feature of Zeo?A. Its direct contact with sleep scientists.B. Its individualized coaching program.C. Its effectiveness in curing sleep disorders.D. Its immediate analysis of sleep data.70. What customer service does Zeo provide?A. Cheap online tools.B. A 30-day action plan.C. Personalized bedside display.D. Free delivery of the product.71. The passage is primarily written to _____.A. encourage people to try the new productB. instruct people how to use a new toolC. provide the latest health informationD. illustrate the importance of good sleep habit(C)Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced rapid growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users remain unaware of the fact that the information they post online can come back to haunt them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for controversial(引起争议的) employee opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she wrote about the strange things of her job and coworkers without signing her real name.The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on prospective employees. A June 11, 2006 New York Times article reported that many companies use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks on college campuses. Although the use of MySpace or Google to check a student’s background is somewhat unsettling to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alum(校友).Corporate employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet — especially Facebook — for student bad behavior. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook.Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential dangers of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions(警惕). First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled(不满的) former associate. Third, never post obviously offensive material under your name or on your page, because, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.74. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.A. explain the growth of the digital world from the view of privacyB. discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourselfC. propose steps Facebook, MySpace, and Google can take to protect user privacyD. illustrate potential unintended uses of private information75. The writer implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPT _____.A. know to whom you make your online information availableB. actively hunt for damaging information posted about you or under your nameC. speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about youD. avoid uploading information that would be extremely damaging if it were discovered76. According to the passage, which of the following does the author imply?A. Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permitted in court.B. It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online.C. Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it.D. Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself brings no risk.77. In the last paragraph the author mainly _____.A. offers detailed examples to support previous viewpointsB. further explores the ill-effects of the Internet on the protection of privacyC. summarizes the points of the above paragraphsD. provides suggestions to overcome the previously mentioned problemsSection CDirections Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.New technology links the world as never before. Our plant has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often help support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.”He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent(流行的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employer at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.(Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN SIX WORDS.)78. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind”in paragraph 3 probably means ________________.79. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?80. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations inemploying people today?81. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can __________________.第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 不努力我们是很容易落伍的。

虹口历史试题答案.一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

）1、A2、B3、B4、 D5、C6、 B7、 B8、D9、 B 10、C 11、 A 12、A 13、C 14、A 15、B 16、D 17、D 18、A 19、D 20、B 21、 C 22、D 23、A 24、C 25、A 26、D 27、B 28、D 29、B 30、A二、非选择题（共90分）31、（1）暴政、徭役（劳役）繁重。

（2分）（2）《阿房宫赋》，文学作品有虚构成分。

（2分）（3）司马迁所说“烧秦宫室，火三月不灭”的秦宫未必就是阿房宫，可能是后人的误解。

但有必要进一步通过对史籍记载的考证和考古发掘找出阿房宫被毁的真正原因。

（4分）32、（1）《十二铜表法》（1分）由秘密走向公开；由祭司贵族垄断到平民参与；平民由知道到理解法律内容（6分）（2）关系：随着罗马的扩张，经济的发展，外邦人和经商的外国人大量增加，所以要调节关系；转变：由公民法走向万民法。

（3分）（3）崇尚法律，追求公正。

（2分）33、（1）根本原因：统一王朝加强中央集权制度。

（2分）（2）是相对公开、公平、公正的选拔人才的制度。

（2分）（3）科举制度是我国古代社会较完善的选官制度，维护了社会的统治，推动了教育文化事业的发展；但也是造成中国落后于西方的文化因素；科举制西传，影响了世界各国的文官制度，是中国在精神文明领域中对世界的贡献。

（4分）34、（1）现象：明朝后期“西学东渐”（1分）。

积极意义：传教士把西方天文、数学、地理、绘画、音乐等方面的著作介绍给中国，又把中国儒学和道家学说介绍给西方，为中西文化交流作了突出贡献；（1分）以徐光启为代表的开明士大夫，积极引进西学，为中国科技的发展注入了新的生机。

（1分）（2）魏源代表的地主阶级抵抗派主张“师夷长技”，近代西学东渐开始；李鸿章代表的洋务派主张“师夷长技以自强”，迈出了中国近代化的第一步；梁启超代表的维新派反对君主专制，主张实行君主立宪，发展资本主义和传播西方科技文化，西学东渐由物质层面发展到社会制度层面；李大钊是新文化运动的代表，宣传十月革命，西学东渐从制度到思想；从学习西方资本主义到学习马克思主义。

上海市2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟考试历史试题有答案（考试时间：120分钟；总分：150分）一、选择题（本大题共35小题，第1-30题每小题2分，第31-35题每小题3分，共75分）1．“若他（自由民）毁坏一贵族的眼睛，他应将自己的眼睛弄瞎……若他毁坏另一平民的眼睛……应赔偿一米纳白银……若他毁坏另一自由民的奴隶的眼睛……应折价赔偿。

‛以上材料译自A．古代埃及的象形文字 B．古代两河流域的楔形文字C．古代印度的《罗摩衍那》 D．殷墟出土的甲骨文2．伯利克里时代，雅典实施民主政治，但真正享有民主权利的只有A．城邦贵族和平民 B．城邦成年公民C．城邦男性公民 D．城邦成年男性公民3．“汉承秦制”，汉初承得走样的是A．皇帝制度 B．中央官制 C．郡县制度 D．监察制度4．“诏不得以北语言于朝廷。

若有违者，免居所官”。

从语意判断，该史料出自A．《魏书》 B．《汉书》C．《隋书》 D．《旧唐书》5．“莫道英雄起禁营，从前社稷赖屠城。

浮梁巧取江南郡，杯酒轻收肘腋兵。

”诗中的“英雄”是A．秦始皇 B．汉武帝 C．唐太宗D．宋太祖6. “讲到中国的地方行政，只能说是汉代好，唐代比较还好，宋代就太差了。

”钱穆先生评判三代地方行政好坏的核心着眼点是A．行政效率 B．监督力度 C．忠诚程度 D．勘乱能力7. 元朝实行行省制度，从职能上看，元朝的中书省大致相当于A．唐朝的尚书省 B．宋朝的枢密院C．明代的内阁 D．清代的军机处8. 以下疆域轮廓示意图中，明朝疆域图是A B C D9. 《元史•卷202》载：“元起朔方，固已崇尚释教（佛教），及得西域，世祖以地广而险远，……思有以因其俗而柔其人，乃郡县土番之地，设官分职，而领之于帝师。

”这里 “官” 的管辖权属于A ．宣政院B ．腹里C ．理藩院D ．驻藏大臣10. 明人张瀚在《松窗梦语》中说：“且缘入贡为名，则中国之体愈尊，而四夷之情愈顺。

即厚往薄，所费不足当互市之万一。

虹口区2014学年度第一学期高三年级历史学科期终教学质量监控测试题2014.1考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

一、选择题（共75分）以下每小题2分，共60分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

1.某一古代法典规定：“如果一自由民毁坏一贵族的眼睛，他应将自己的眼睛弄瞎。

”这一规定出自于A 《十二铜表法》B 《公民法》C 《汉穆拉比法典》D 周公礼乐制度2.右边图例保存不善已有模糊，据你判断该图可能反映的是A 希波战争形势图B 丝绸之路沿线图C 佛教传播路线路D 西葡殖民东来图3.“文字不是一种深思熟虑后的发明物，而是伴随对私有财产的强烈意识而产生的一种副产品。

文字始终是苏美尔古典文明的一个特征。

”这种文字是A 因宗教不断发展需要圣书体B 因国家社会发展而出现甲骨文C 因生产力进步发明楔形文字D 因大河农业发展发明印章文字4.关心死亡，为来世——尤其是国王的来世——做好物质方面的准备，是埃及宗教信仰的一个主要特征。

因为国王的死并不是最终的结局。

因此埃及人A 建造金字塔B 建立法老集权体制C 利用纸草书写文字D 上下埃及实现统一5．无论在古代还是在后世，梭伦素有雅典“民主之父”之称。

下列对他的改革措施表述正确的是A 颁布“解负令”，废除雅典的奴隶制度B使各等级的公民有参选“四百人会议”的权利C设立陪审法庭以受理公民投诉D为担任公职和参加政治活动的公民发放津贴6.“这种先把市民权赋予易管理的城市，再推广到全国的做法是罗马帝国别出心裁的扩张策略，他颠覆了征服者被同化的传统模式。

正是通过这种方式，罗马征服者同化了被征服者。

”这句话的意思是A 公民法的形成使罗马人走上了对外扩张道路B 万民法的推行使罗马人走向大规模对外扩张之路C 公民法伴随着罗马人的扩张而不断对外传播D 万民法的实施是巩固罗马人扩张的政治需要7.“礼乐崩溃，举止失范，现实社会深深刺痛了他，他……周游列国，四处游说，未能找到一位能实施他的等级秩序的政治理想的君主。

虹口区2010学年度第二学期高三年级历史学科期终教学质量监控测试卷试卷总分150分，考试时间120分钟。

2011.4考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题卡或纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

）1．有学者说：“史学虽不是史料的单纯的排列，史学却离不开史料……方法虽不是单纯把材料排列，方法却不能离开史料独立的发挥功用。

有些史料，非预有正确的理论和方法，不能认识，不能评定，不能活用；也有些理论和方法，非先得到充分的史料，不能证实，不能精致，甚至不能产生……”关于史料与理论和方法的关系是A．理论建构离不开史料B．史料学可以取代理论C．理论无益于史学研究D．史学研究即是史料学2．《礼记·礼运》曰：“故天子有田以处其子孙，诸侯有国以处其子孙，大夫有采以处其子孙，是谓制度”。

由此可见该制度A．确立了嫡长子继承制B．使土地和政治权力层层分割C．确立了中央集权制D．扩大了国家疆域3．恩格斯说：“所有以往的道德论，归根到底都是社会当时经济状况的产物。

”能够佐证这个观点的材料是：A．“天下熙熙皆为利来，天下攘攘皆为利往”B．“仓廪实而知礼节，衣食足而知荣辱”C．“君子喻于义，小人喻于利”D．“贫富之道，莫之夺予”4．从史学研究的角度观察，《古兰经》的价值在于A．文辞优美被奉为阿拉伯文学的典范B．富有哲理是伊斯兰教义学和阿拉伯哲学思想的重要组成部分C．其法制思想和道德规范成为伊斯兰国家当权者经世治国的依据D．提供了解早期阿拉伯社会政治、经济、军事和司法情况的直接材料5．希罗多德说：“在这里发表出来的乃是哈里卡尔纳索斯人希罗多德的研究成果，他之所以要把这些成果发表出来是为了保存人类的功业，使之不至于由于年深日久而被人们遗忘。

2014年上海十三校高三第二次联考2014.3考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

一.选择题（共75分）以下每小题为2分，共60分。

每题只有一个正确答案。

1.神话的情节看似荒诞不经，却是认识古代文明的重要线索之一。

有的神话还成为部分民族源起的因子。

下列属于此类的是（）①“共工与颛顼争为帝，怒而触不周之山，天柱折，地维绝。

”（《淮南子·天文》）②“姜嫄出野，见巨人迹，……践之而身动，如孕者。

及期而生弃。

”（《史记·周本纪》）③“天命玄鸟，降而生商。

”（《诗经·商颂·玄鸟》）④“往古之时，四极废，九州裂。

……于是女娲炼五色石以补苍天。

”（《淮南子览·览冥训》）A.①②B.②③C.②④D.③④2.流经非洲东北部的尼罗河孕育了古代的埃及文明。

它的基本流向是（）A.自东向西B.自南向北C.自北向南D.自西向东3.雅典早在公元前500年就已推行民主制度和共和政治，由民众推举议会代表来实行管理，是为世界议会民主制的起源。

英文democracy(民主)一词，就由希腊文的demo和kratos合成。

demo与kratos含义为( )A.人民管治B.君主管治C.人民服从D.君主服从4.根据阿拉伯半岛的社会现状，伊斯兰教创立伊始就大力宣扬“安拉”是唯一的神，反对偶像崇拜，并要求半岛各部落放弃各自的神，顺从真主安拉。

这种主张最有利于（）A.经济的发展B.圣城的权威C.民众的和谐D.半岛的统一5.下列图示所显示的西欧封建制最终确立的时间应是（）公元400年公元600年公元800年公元1000年A. B. C. D.6.斯塔夫里阿诺斯在《全球通史》中（指出）：“儒家首先是一个解决日常生活中各种问题的实用性道德体系。

”斯塔夫里阿诺斯有此认识主要是因为儒家思想（）A.强调礼仪和社会责任B.强调“德治”“君轻民贵”C.强调“仁”和“仁政”D. “天人感应”和“大一统”7.赵国大儒荀卿曾出游各国，据他所记当时的秦国：“其生民也狭厄，其使民也酷烈。

2014年新课标2文综历史部分（含参考答案）24．周代分封制下，各封国贵族按“周礼”行事，学说统一的“雅言”，促进了各地文化的整合。

周代的“雅言”最早应起源于现在的A．河南 B．河北 C．陕西 D．山东25．秦朝法律规定，私拿养子财物以偷盗罪论处，私拿亲子财物无罪；学科网西晋时规定，私拿养子财物同样无罪。

这一变化表明，西晋时A．养子亲子权利相同 B．血缘亲情逐渐淡化C．宗族利益受到保护 D．儒家伦理得到强化26．北宋中期，“蜀民以铁钱重，私为券，谓之交子，以便贸易，富民十六户主之。

其后，富者资稍衰，不能偿所负，争讼数起”。

这表明交子A．具有民间交易凭证功能 B．产生于民间的商业纠纷C．提高了富商的社会地位 D．促进了经济重心的南移27．明初废丞相、设顾问性质的内阁大学士，严防权臣乱政。

学科网明中后期严嵩、张居正等内阁首辅操纵朝政，权倾一时。

这表明A．关税保护阻碍不了资本主义竞争B．工业革命促进了世界市场的形成C．交通工具扩大了工业文明的影响D．自由竞争增强了工业资本的流通28．1892年，维新思想家宋恕提出“欲更官制、学科网设议院、改试令，必自易西服始”。

康有为在奏议中也不止一次提及“易服”。

维新派如此重视易服的主要原因是A．改制中易服更易推行B．意在营造改制的社会氛围C．中国需改变对外形象D．长袍马褂代表了守旧势力29．1926年，有报纸评论说：“自从蒋介石抬出三民主义，学科网大出风头以后，许多人都觉得主义是值钱的，于是乎孙传芳标榜三爱（爱国、爱民、爱敌），学科网东三省有人主张三权（民权、国权、人权）。

听说四川有些军人到处请教人替他们想个主义玩玩。

”这种现象反映了当时A．政治宣传促使各界思想趋同 B．标榜主义成为军阀自保的主要手段C．民主思想已经成为社会潮流 D．各地军阀对三民主义理解存在差异30．1932年11月，中国代表顾维钧在一次国际会议上说：“目前远东和平的恢复与维护，要求其他与会各国采取道义上的、物资上的、财政和经济上的具体行动。

２０１４年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试历史试题（上海卷）１．【答案】Ｃ　【解析】四个选项之中，古代埃及、古代印度、古代中国，均为专制国家，只有臣民的概念而没有公民的概念，公民这一概念是与城邦联系在一起的，只有城邦林立的古希腊有公民的概念。

故选Ｃ。

２．【答案】Ｂ　【解析】从图中可以看出，这一宗教兴起于印度，主要传播的路径为向中国、东南亚方向传播，由此判断为佛教。

犹太教兴起于西亚地区，基督教产生于地中海沿岸的巴勒斯坦，伊斯兰教兴起于沙特阿拉伯的麦加，均与地图所示地区不符。

故选Ｂ。

３．【答案】Ａ　【解析】因为是传说，所以不能作为研究历史的直接证据，排除Ｂ选项；传说也有一定的根据并非完全凭空想象，排除Ｃ选项；题干所给材料主要侧重于农业而不是炎帝是否存在，排除Ｄ选项。

４．【答案】Ｂ　【解析】柏拉图在雅典学院讲课，师生之间是一种平等的关系，图中反映不出，排除Ａ选项；从图中人物的服饰可以看出不是教会事务，排除Ｃ选项；读图无法看出《荷马史诗》这一信息，排除Ｄ选项。

从图中可以看出，这一时期师生之间的等级关系，符合欧洲中世纪的特点。

故选Ｂ。

５．【答案】Ｃ　【解析】儒学成为官学是在汉武帝时期，董仲舒在这一时期提出的“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”被汉武帝所采纳，由此儒学成为官学。

故选Ｃ。

６．【答案】Ａ　【解析】题干强调马球的盛行，这与从西域地区广泛传入中国大量的马匹有关，Ａ项正确。

海上丝绸之路带来了财富，但无法直接带来马匹，排除Ｂ选项；与南海诸国的交流也无此联系，排除Ｃ选项；唐代尚无海禁政策，排除Ｄ选项。

７．【答案】Ｄ　【解析】从题干中学习“鲜卑语、弹琵琶”可知受到少数民族风俗的影响，而秦、西汉、唐均为统一的汉族王朝，加上“通晓这些技能之后，以此侍奉达官贵人，深得他们宠爱”可知这一时期占统治地位的是少数民族政权。

故选Ｄ。

８．【答案】Ｂ　【解析】从题干可知，王安石要解决“生产少”的问题。

Ａ选项中保甲法与生产无关，排除；Ｃ选项中的将兵法与军事相关，排除；Ｄ选项中的科举新法与生产无关，排除；青苗法和农田水利法均是与农业生产密切相关的，故选Ｂ。

2014虹口二模答案参考答案1.中国的神话中没有一位成功的“反叛者”2.C3.比上帝更强4.承接上文，分析中国的神话为什么没有成功的“反叛者”，指出原因在于中国人“平衡”、“妥协”的观念，为下一段进一步分析“平衡”、“妥协”的观念的由来做了必要的铺垫。

5.B6.要点：有双重含义，语气委婉。

(1)中国传统的农业生产要求必须善于利用自然，与自然和谐共存；中国的人际关系和政治组织也强调妥协、互谅，以维系整个社会的平衡。

(2)然而妥协、平衡的态度也许会扼杀创造力，不利于世界竞争。

这恰恰是本文的主旨所在。

7.表现木心虽年事己高，但精神矍砾。

8.C9.(1)语速平缓，清晰平正，娓娓而谈，亲切自然；(2)有时感情激越，则竭力克制；(3)收放自如，趣味盎然。

10.对未能留下木心讲课音像资料的深深遗憾，对难忘的听课经历的深切留恋，对老师的深切感激和怀念。

11.用细节描写，生动形象地表现大家对共同的求学经历的恋恋不舍，对木心发自内心的感激、敬重。

12.木心原是上海高桥中学的一名教师，后移居纽约(1分)。

上世纪八十年代初恢复写作，以文养画，作品在华人中颇受影响(1分)。

其间，应邀为一些旅居纽约的画家教授文艺课(1分)。

木心为人随和、乐观(1分)，学贯中西(1分)，突破时代的束缚，执着追求人生理想(1分)。

13.(1)万钟于我何加焉(2)阴晴众壑殊(3)鹫翎金仆姑(4)别有幽愁暗恨生(5)断桥头卖鱼人散(6)脉脉不得语(7)鲜克有终(8)运筹帷握之中14. A15．D（意境以“苍凉”概括不准确）16.可就寓情于景、双关等角度赏析，角度1分，分析2分，语言1分。

如：画线句看似写景，实则语意双关，抒写离情。

“乱”字尤妙，此时思绪之乱决不亚于落梅之乱。

“拂了一身还满”，描写落梅沾满衣襟，拂去又来，这落不尽、拂不尽的梅花，犹如他心中驱不散、挥不走的离愁。

一笔两到，于婉曲回环中见情思，将离人愁肠欲断的内心悲痛形象化地展现在读者面前。

2014届高三二模历史部分参考答案和评分标准选择题：每题4分，共48分非选择题：每题2分，共52分38.（1）背景：英国工业革命使得实力增强，亟需拓展海外市场；重商主义政策和《航海条例》阻碍自由贸易的发展；受自由主义思想的影响。

（每点2分。

6分）影响：资本主义国家以《英普条约》等条约为基础，确立国际经济交流的基本准则，（2分）推动资本主义世界市场走向成熟。

（2分）（2）区别：材料一：关税平等，（1分）自由贸易。

（1分）材料二：关税不平等，（1分）列强对华贸易歧视（或不公平贸易）。

（1分）影响：中国自然经济逐步解体，（1分）近代民族工业逐渐兴起。

（1分）（3）趋势：1926—1931年美国和英国关税税率都大幅上升。

（1分）原因：30年代经济大危机，资本主义国家采取贸易保护主义。

（或各国打关税战和贸易战。

2分。

）二战后英美关税税率不断降低。

（1分）原因：关贸总协定签订和世界贸易自由化的推动。

（2分）因素：国家利益（或有利于本国经济和对外贸易发展）；国内外经济环境；受经济思想影响；国家经济实力；对外政策；国家主权是否独立。

(4分，任答4点给4分)39.（1）认识：礼是一个渐进的发展过程（或后世的“礼”比前世进步）；（2分）推崇周礼。

（2分。

本问照抄原文不得分。

）原因：春秋战国时期，社会经济、政治和文化都发生剧烈变化。

（2分）孔子的“礼”不符合各诸侯国君富国强兵的需要。

（2分）（2）主张：建立君主立宪制；发展资本主义；创办新式学校，培养人才（或提倡西学）。

（每点2分，共6分）原因：民族资产阶级的软弱性、妥协性。

（2分，必答）近代中国是半殖民地半封建社会；封建顽固势力强大；中国民族资本主义经济发展不充分；封建思想根深蒂固（或民智未开）。

（4分，任写2个得4分）（3）认识（答新文化运动的内容而不谈“认识”不得分。

就事论事地评价新文化运动可酌情给分，但满分不超过4分。

）要点：与时俱进，因时而变（根据时代潮流和社会现实进行变革）；理性变革，尊重传统（不要偏激，不要全盘否定，尊重传统）；开拓进取，勇于创新。

虹口区2014年历史学科高考练习题考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，答案做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

4．答题时间120分钟。

试题满分150分。

一、选择题（共75分）以下每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确选项。

1．史家不离事而言理，客观精神乃是历史写作的第一守则。

在描写一个历史事件时，不易受史家主观因素影响的是A．事件的前因后果B．事件发生的时地C．事件的历史意义D．事件的是非评价2．《十二铜表法》规定：“建筑物的周围应用二尺半宽的空地，以便通行。

”“凡在自己的土地和邻地之间筑篱笆的，不得越过自己土地的界限；筑围墙的应留空地一尺；……”这些条款体现了A．私有财产不可侵犯B．法律面前人人平等C．公共权力至高无上D．注重维护公共利益3．“民之所忧，我之所思；民之所思，我之所行。

”这一主张体现了A．墨家思想 B．道家思想C．法家思想 D．儒家思想4．“打一个可笑的比喻，我就像一只牛虻，整天叮住你们不放，唤醒你们、指责你们……我要让你们知道，要是杀死像我这样的人，那么对你们自己造成的损害将会超过对我的残害。

”苏格拉底受审时的这几句辩辞，表明他高度重视A．公民生存权利的重要性B．思想言论自由原则的重要性C．雅典司法公正的重要性D．反对贵族专权暴政的重要性5．“欲天下之治安，莫若众建诸侯而少其力，力少则易使以义，国小则亡邪心。

”下列体现这一主张的政策是A．刺史制度 B．推恩令C．削藩策 D．分封制6．黄仁宇在《中国大历史》中说：“西（公）元960年起，中国好像进入了现代，一种物质文化由此展开。

货币之流通，较前普及。

火药之发明……”作者高度评价的这个朝代是A．唐朝 B．宋朝C．元朝 D．明朝7．以下是古代每一阶段选官的主要标准，按顺序与之对应的是A．世卿世禄才能道德门阀地位B．世卿世禄门阀地位才能道德C．门阀地位世卿世禄才能道德D．才能道德门阀地位世卿世禄8．德国哲学家雅斯贝斯把公元前8世纪至公元前2世纪称为轴心时代。

上海历史试卷一、选择题（共75分）以下每小题2分，共60分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

1.“凡父母双方均为公民者有公民权，公民十八岁时在他们村社的名薄中登记。

”这一规定最有可能出现在A.古代埃及B. 古代印度C. 古代希腊D. 古代中国【答案】C考察古代雅典的民主政治。

依据所学可知，古代埃及、古代印度、古代中国都是奴隶主君主专制的国家，统治者与被统治者是君与臣的关系，无所谓的公民一说。

雅典是奴隶制民主国家，实行的是奴隶制民主，依法治国，公民是一个法律概念。

故题干材料所描述的现象符合古代希腊的情况，雅典是古希腊典型的奴隶制民主制国家，故应选C。

2.下图所示为某一宗教的发源地和传播路线，这一宗教是A. 犹太教B. 佛教C. 基督教D. 伊斯兰教【答案】B考察世界三大宗教的传播。

依据所学可知，佛教产生于公元前6世纪的古代印度。

其向外传播主要有两个方向：相北，经中亚地区在东汉初年传入中国，以后又从中国传到朝鲜、日本和越南等国；向南，传入斯里兰卡、泰国、缅甸等国和我国境内傣族地区。

犹太教产生于公元前1000年左右的巴勒斯坦地区；基督教于公元1世纪也产生于这一地区；伊斯兰教产生于7世纪的阿拉伯半岛的麦加。

故B项符合题意，故应选B。

3.炎帝是我国传说中的英雄，又称神农氏。

据传他使用“焚林而田”的耕作方法，还发明耒、耜等生产工具。

这些传说A.折射出中国农耕文明源远流长B.可以作为中国原始农耕的直接证据B.是一种没有史料价值的想象 D.证明了炎帝的真实存在【答案】A考察历史研究中史料的运用。

历史研究中史料的运用非常重要，一般而言，考古发现的遗物、遗迹可信度最高，其次是历代所著的史书，第三是文学著作、历史传说等，有一定的史料价值，可以作为旁证，但不能作为证据单独应用。

故应选A。

4.右图反映的情景式A.柏拉图在雅典学园讲课B.中世纪大学教师在授课C.主教与教士讨论教会事务D.民间艺人吟诵《荷马史诗》【答案】D考察古希腊的文化。

①② ③ ④ 2014年高考二模历史试题(2014.4)考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

一、选择题(共75分)以下1-30题每小题2分，共60分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

1．苏美尔人使用的“钉头文字”的发明地位于右边示意图中的A ．①B ．②C ．③D ．④2．“原本显然是刹帝利阶级登极动作，英雄主义与战争的作品，在婆罗门的手中则变成了教诲民众关于伦理法典、道德观念以及涅槃之类的工具”。

历史学家威尔·杜兰评论的古典文献当是A ．《摩诃婆罗多》B ．《汉穆拉比法典》C ．《吉尔伽美什》D ．《荷马史诗》3．有史家认为：“11和12世纪，在欧洲封建王朝的统治下，欧洲达到了它的第一青春期，达到了它的第一个富有活力的阶段”，其“活力”表现为A ．城市的兴起和市民阶层的产生B ．王权的加强和民族国家的出现C ．经济的发展和世界市场的开辟D ．教权的削弱和宗教改革的开始4．“公民”、“平等”、“博爱”、“左翼”、“右翼”等一系列新词汇盛行于法国A. 等级君主制时期B. 路易十六统治时期C. 大革命时期D. 巴黎公社时期5．某时间段内曼彻斯特的居民从17000人增加到了180000人，变成了第一个典型的工业城市。

这一时间段应当是A ．1700-1730年B ．1730-1760年C ．1760-1830年D ．1840-1900年6．“……使无产阶级形成为阶级，推翻资产阶级的统治，由无产阶级夺取政权”。

“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的资产阶级旧社会的，将是这样一个联合体，在那里，每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件”。