2017年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
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2017年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译
词语翻译
英译汉
1． cash flow
正确答案：资金流动；现金流
2． GDP
正确答案：国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)
3． VAT
正确答案：增值税(Value-Added Tax)
4． budget deficit
正确答案：预算赤字
5． semiotics
正确答案：符号学
6． oppose hedonism
正确答案：反对享乐主义
7． House of Representatives
正确答案：众议院
8． Darwinism
正确答案：达尔文主义
9． exchange rate
正确答案：汇率
10． anxiety of influence
正确答案：影响的焦虑
11． Renaissance
正确答案：文艺复兴
12． moral sentiments
正确答案：道德情操
13． hospitality spending
正确答案：公务接待费
14． structural inflation
正确答案：结构性通货膨胀
15． Federal Reserve
正确答案：(美国)联邦储备系统
汉译英
16． 实用主义
正确答案：pragmatism
17． 世界经济论坛
正确答案：World Economic Forum (WEF)
18． 司法行政机关
正确答案：administrative organization of justice
19． 投机性股票
正确答案：speculative stock
20． 《华尔街日报》
正确答案：Wall Street Journal
21． 当代语言学
正确答案：contemporary linguistics
22． 古典主义
正确答案：classicism
23． 不动产
正确答案：real estate
24． 诺贝尔奖得主
正确答案：Nobel laureate
25． 梭罗研究
正确答案：study on Thoreau
26． 话语分析
正确答案：discourse analysis
27． 功能对等
正确答案：functional equivalence
28． 收入分配制度
正确答案：income distribution system
29． 范式
正确答案：normal form
30． 贸易壁垒
正确答案：trade barrier
英汉互译
英译汉
31． What, then, are Kant’s aims in the first Critique? First, in opposition to
Hume, to show that synthetic a priori knowledge is possible, and to offer examples of
it. Secondly, in opposition to Leibniz, to demonstrate that “pure reason” alone,
operating outside the constraints placed on it by experience, leads only to illusion, so
that there is no a priori knowledge of “things-in-themselves”. It is normal to divide
the Critique into two parts, in accordance with this division of subjects, and to
describe the first part as “ Analytic” , the second as the “ Dialectic”. While this
division does not correspond exactly to Kant’s division of chapters (which is
exceedingly complex and bristles with technicalities) , it is sufficiently close not to be
misleading. The terms “analytic” and “dialectic” are Kant’s; and so is the bifurcation
of the argument. In the first part Kant’s defence of objectivity is expounded, and it is
with the argument of the “ analytic” that I shall begin, for, until it is grasped, it will be
impossible to understand the nature either of Kant’s metaphysics, or of the moral,
aesthetic, and political theories that he later derived from it.
正确答案： 那么，康德在第一部《批判》中的目的是什么?首先，与休谟相对，其目的是说明先天综合知识可能存在，并举出了相关例证。其次，与莱布尼茨相对，证明若不顾经验的约束运作，单独的“纯粹理性”只能导致幻相，因此不存在关于“物自身”的先天知识。通常，根据这样的主题划分，我们将第一部《批判》分为两部分，称第一部分为“分析性的”，第二部分为“辩证性的”。尽管这样的划分与康德对章节的划分(极为复杂，充满了专业术语)并非完全对应，但却相当接近，不会令人产生误解。除了术语的“分析性”和“辩证性”，康德还运用了论证的两分法。第一部分详细阐释了康德对客观性的辩护；我将从论证“分析性”入手，因为只有把握了这部分才可能理解康德形而上学的本质，理解日后他从中发展出来的道德、美学和政治理论的本质。
汉译英
32． 索引和文摘这两种文献包括原材料目录和文献目录。索引包括任何当前出版材料中的无数的文献目录，通常为期刊文章的文献目录。有时候，一些图书馆会主动提供材料，帮助读者查找期刊文章。例如，美国国家医学图书馆已出版了名为Medicus的索引，每月列出全世界3500家生物医学期刊中的文章索引。在其他一些情况下，各科学团体也采取了相应的措施。早在20世纪初，美国化学学会就开始为化学工作者准备索引和文摘，以帮助他们在自己的领域获取相关的文献信息。同时，英国物理研究所在物理领域也采取了类似的步骤。由纽约市H．W．Wilson公司出版的长卷索引目录系列尽管主要限于美国出版界，却涵盖了众多的学术领域，因而蜚声世界，为各国学者广泛使用。这种以某个国家为重点的索引目录在别国也同样有用，如《现行技术索引目录》(英国)和《英国教育索引目录》等。 文献(希腊语bibliographia，书写之意)源于“写书”或“抄书”。18世纪以来，此词逐渐变为“一张书单”或其他形式的书面材料，或此类书单的编写技巧。文献通常要提供某些信息，如作者、书目、版本、出版日期和
出版地等，也可以包括书的字体、尺寸以及其他一些物理特点等信息。文献往往需要注释，也就是说，需要在附录中简短地注明论述的主题，或对书的实用价值加以评论。文献对学者和以书籍为职业的专业人士如图书收藏者、图书管理员以及书商而言显得尤其重要；对所有严肃的读者来说，也是十分有用的信息源。
正确答案： Two types of documents, indexes and abstracts, contain catalogs
and bibliographies of original materials. Indexes include any of countless
bibliographies of currently published materials, primarily articles in periodicals.
Sometimes libraries have taken the initiative to create these finding aids for journal
articles. For example, the U. S. National Library of Medicine has created Index
Medicus, a monthly listing of current articles from some 3, 500 biomedical journals
throughout the world. In other cases, scientific societies have taken the initiative.
Early in the 20th century, the A-merican Chemical Society began to prepare indexes
and abstracts to help chemists obtain information about the literature in their field, and
the Institute of Physics in the United Kingdom took a similar responsibility for
physics. The long series of indexes published by the H. W. Wilson Company of New
York City and covering many different fields is well known and widely used in other
counties, though their coverage is mainly limited to American publications. This has
resulted in other national efforts, such as the Current Technology Index (Britain) and
the British Education Index. Bibliography (bibliograohia in Greek, “ the writing of
books”) , originally means the writing or copying of books. Since the 18 th century,
the word has come to mean a list of books or forms of written material , or the
