高考英语非谓语动词知识点

非谓语动词

一、非谓语动词的概念

非谓语形式有三种： 1.动词不定式：to do表示目的和将来

2、动词的ing(动名词) : doing表示主动和进展 3.动词的过去分词：done表示被动和完成

二、非谓语动词的时态和语态

一般式 完成式 进展式

不定式 主动 to do to have done to be doing

被动 to be done to have been done

ing 形式 主动 doing having done

被动 being done having been done

过去分词 被动 done

三、非谓语动词的做题步骤：

1、断定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。

2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、推断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词及其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、推断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。

一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较

1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语：

1〕. 不定式表示一次性的、详细的动词。 动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如：

________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk

2〕. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型： It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.

It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us.

留意：下面几个句型是用动名词： It’s no good / use doing sth. There is no point〔in〕doing sth

2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较：

1〕、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：

My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)

Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. 〔主，表语要用同一种形式〕

2〕、分词作表语：记住：一些表示情感、心情的动词，常用分词形式作表语。如今分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人惊讶)， surprising (令人惊讶)，

surprised (主语)感到惊讶〕类似动词有：excite (冲动)，astonish (惊异)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊惶)，

disappoint (悲观)，move〔感动〕

如： The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.

3〕、在seem / appear (好像，好像)， prove / turn out (被证明是)， remain (仍旧是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。 如： He seemed (to be ) very happy.

二、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较

1、只能接不定式的动词：口诀： 决心学会想渴望，回绝设法愿假装。主动容许选方案，同意恳求帮一帮。

decied(determine), learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse,manage,care,pretend;

offer,promise,choose,plan; agree,ask/beg,help.

2、只能接动名词的动词：口诀： 考虑建议盼宽恕，成认推延没得想。防止错过接着练，否认完成就观赏。制止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。

consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit，delay, put off, fancy(想象，设想);

avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can’t

help, mind, allow/peremit, escape

3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：

remember to do记得去做 remember doing记得做过; forget to do遗忘去做 forget doing遗忘做过

regret to do缺憾去做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do设法去做 try doing试着做,

go on to do做完某事接着做另一件事 go on doing 接着做同一件事

mean to do准备做 mean doing意味着做 stop to do停下来去做 stop doing停顿做

cant help (to) do 不能扶植做 can’t help doing 忍不住做

如：In some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour.

A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting

4.表示未实现的愿望的动词,即表示本准备，想做，但事实上没做。

这些动词plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, expect , 用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have

done 来表示。 注：Would like / love 只用would like to have done

如：I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report.

A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone

5、要接动名词的几个句型：

prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing …(阻挡…做) how about / what about doing

spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在…花费或奢侈时间或钱 have some difficulty / trouble /

problems( in )doing在做… 有困难 have a hard / good time in doing 做… 很困难或做…很开心

6、含介词to 的短语:

look forward to 渴望， devote…to 致力于、献身于， be / get used to 习惯于 lead to 导致，

get down to 着手做， pay attention to 留意 refer to 谈到、所指、参考，equal to 等于、能胜任，belong to 属于

如: Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ___ some school for poor children.

A.set up B.setting up C.have set up D. having set up

7.动词不定式but,other than后面时，假如介词前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to；否那么带to〔即前有do后无to〕 如：have no choice but to do sth. 没有别的选择，只好做…

Eg，Sandy could do nothing but ____ to his teacher that he was wrong.

A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit

另外,can’t choose/help but(只好); can’t but(只好); had better; would rather 后面的不定式也省to

Eg, He can’t choose but stay on. 他没方法只好待下去

8．permit / allow (允许)， forbid (制止)，advise (建议)，有两种用法：一是后接动名词，二是后接“sb. + to do sth〞

9、need, want, require“须要〞,主语是物时,need, want, require+ doing〔用动词ing 主动形式表被动〕/ to be done / sb to be done

be worth(值得) +名词/doing be worthy+to be done/of being done

eg.① The window needs/wants/requires to be cleaned/cleaning. 窗户须要擦一下。

② The place is worth visiting. ＝ The place is worthy+ to be visited/of being visited.

三、不定式、如今分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较

1、不定式作宾语补足语，如：ask sb to do sth (sb作宾语，to do sth作宾补，宾语＋宾补＝复合宾语)

类似动词有：tell, want, encourage, advise, order, require, force, beg, cause, allow, permit, forbid〔制止〕,