2018届中考英语总复习第2部分语法专题复习篇第29课时名词和冠词一名词(精讲)试题

第29课时名词和冠词Ⅰ.根据句意及中文提示写单词。

1．When I was saying goodbye to my friends and __relatives__(亲戚)，I cried.2．Let's search for more __information__(信息) about the animal on the Internet.3．China is carrying the two­child policy to avoid __population__(人口)problem.4．She practises the __pronunciation__(发音) of English words every day to improve her spoken English.5．It's accepted by everyone that knowledge is the most valuable __treasure__(财富) for human beings.6．Bob did his homework carelessly，so there were many spelling and grammar__mistakes__(错误)．7．The school speech__contest__(竞赛)on the environment will be held on 31st May.8．It's a wise __choice__(选择)to wear the white tie.It matches your shirt well.9．Would you please pass me the __dictionary__(词典)？I need to look up a word in it.10．Mr White，the principal，has made a great __contribution__(贡献) to the growth of the school.11．Wang Hai joined the army after__graduation__(毕业)．12．Qian Xuesen，the Father of China's Missiles.He is the __pride__(骄傲) of China.13．Bill will be a __reporter__(记者) to interview the football players in the coming Tokyo 2020 Olympics.14．He has much __experience__(经验)as an engineer，so he can build the bridge successfully.15．The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)will help China improve the __relationship__(关系)related countries，especially Pakistan.Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空。

专题一冠词和名词知识清单常考点清单一冠词一、冠词在句中的位置及分类冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。

冠词有两种：a和an为不定冠词，the为定冠词。

二、冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。

特指是指上文已提到的人或物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。

冠词的特指和泛指用法可归纳为下表：单一，每一，任一事物a(n)上文提到过的人或事物可数名词前一定要用冠词被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物特指说话双方所默认的人或事物世上独一无二的事物the指类别the特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物复数可数名词说话双方所默认的人或事物不可数名词前泛指人或事物零冠词指类别三、不定冠词的用法1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物。

This is a book. 这是一本书。

2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别其他种类。

A plane is a machine that can fly. 翻译：___3. 泛指某人或某物。

A girl is waiting for you. 翻译：___4. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。

80 kilometers an hour,_______________ five lessons a week _______________ twice a month____5. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。

There’ll be a strong wind in South China. 翻译：___6. 用于某些固定词组中。

a few/ little / bit (一点儿), have a swim / walk / talk / look / drink / rest = swim/ walk / talk / look / rest,have a cold (感冒), have a good time (玩得高兴), in a hurry (匆忙), for a while (一会儿), keep a diary (写日记), do sb a favor (帮助某人)7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前。

2018年中考英语语法知识点总结(名师总结教材重点，绝对精品，建议大家下载打印背诵)名词名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名、地名、人名、团体、机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词、集体名词抽象名词、物质名词考点1：可数名词一、基本用法(1)可数名词后可以加-s或-es构成复数形式，用于表达超过―一个‖的数的概念。

(2)只与可数名词复数连用的单词：few(几乎没有)，a few(一些), many/a great many(许多)(3)既能与可数名词连用也能与不可数名词连用的单词：some, any, a lot of/lots of, plenty of。

例如：There is some/a lot of milk in the bottle.There are some/a lot of flowers in the garden.二、名词单复数规则变化规律例词①一般在词尾直接加s book—books chair—chairs②以s， x，o, sh， ch结尾的单词通常在词尾加es class—classes box—boxes brush—brushes watch—watches③以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，把y改i，再加es但以元音＋y结尾的词，则直接在词尾加s family—families factory—factories key—keys monkey—monkeys④以o结尾的词，有生命的名词加es但无生命名词则直接加s，如：potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes hero—heroes radio—radios zoo—zoos⑤以f或fe结尾的词，改f或fe为v 加es leaf—leaves thief—thieves三、名词复数的不规则变化规律例词①变中间的元音字母man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth， child—children， mouse—mice②表示―某国人‖的名词单复变化(记忆口决：中日不变英法变，其余s 加后面。

中考总复习英语专题讲座（二）冠词一、复习要点阐述在上一个专题我们谈到了英语词汇的十大词类，名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、感叹词、动词、介词、冠词、连词。

今天我们就复习英语词类中的冠词。

冠词历来是令人头疼的一个词类，它有时候用，有时候又不用，所以我们通常要求学生大量地背诵课文和对话，强调利用语感来记冠词的用法。

但是在我们初中的课本已经学完的时候，我们有必要归纳一下冠词的基本用法，这样你在做题时就有依据，就心中有数，为什么我选用这个冠词。

二、要点复习策略及技巧冠词顾名思义，戴在头上的帽子，冠词就是名词头上的帽子。

冠词有三个，a, an和the。

a, an称为“不定冠词”，the称为定冠词。

从这个名称中你可以体会到不定冠词是指不特定的事物，而定冠词是指特定的事物。

这是一个大前提。

1.不定冠词a，an的用法：不定冠词a, an与one有差不多的意思。

为什么说有差不多的意思呢。

因为one通常强调数目“一”，而a, an并不特别强调数目，它们通常表示“一”，但也通常表示名词是不特指的、特定的。

a用在辅音音素前，注意不是辅音字母前。

如：a university一所大学；a one-eyed horse上面两个用法中u的读音为[ju:]，是以辅音读音开头的。

one读[wQn]，也是辅音读音开头的。

注意an用元音音素前，不是元音字母前。

如：an hour一个小时an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩an important meeting一次重要的会议上面二个用法中，hour中h没有读音。

honest中h也没有读音，important中i读的是[i]。

所以一定不要以字母是元音还是辅音为基准。

再来看看我们的26个字母。

从上面你可以体会得到，a, an的基本位置。

下面我们归纳初中阶段，a, an的基本用法。

（1）表示类属中的“任何一个”用来列举此类人或事物中的任何一个都具有某种能力或某种特征。

e.g.A parrot can talk like a person, but it can’t think like a person.鹦鹉可以像人一样说话，但不能像人一样思考。

(二)冠词冠词是一种虚词，本身不能单独使用，常放在名词前面，帮助说明名词所指的人或物的含义。

冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。

对于冠词的考查主要涉及以下考点：1．定冠词的基本用法；2．不定冠词的基本用法；3．零冠词的用法；4．冠词的固定搭配。

不定冠词不定冠词a/an只用于可数名词单数前，表泛指，a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前，如 a book，a man，a university等，an用于发音以元音音素开头的单词前，如an hour，an English teacher，an umbrella 等。

不定冠词的具体用法如下表：注意：不定冠词用在序数词前，表示“再一；又一”。

如：Although he has failed three times，he wants to try a fourth time.尽管他失败三次了，但是他还想再试一次。

【即时训练】用a或an填空。

1．I want to be __an__ engineer when I grow up.2．The family had __a__ good time in Shanghai Disneyland.3．__An__ apple a day keeps the doctor away.4．—Is there __a__ bank near here?—Yes，there is.5．Peter is__an__ honest boy.He never tells lies.定冠词定冠词在单、复数名词、可数名词和不可数名词前都可使用，表特指。

定冠词的主要用法如下表：Please close the door.【即时训练】根据句意及汉语提示补全句子。

1．—Do you kn ow __the__girl__(女孩)over there?—Yes，she's good at __playing__the__guitar__ (弹吉他)very much.2．—Would you please__turn__off__the__TV__ (关掉电视)?—OK，just a minute.3．Monday is__the__second__ (第二)day of a week.4．Jack is__the__tallest__ (最高的)boy in his class.5．The bank is__on__the__right__ (在右边)．零冠词的用法零冠词英语中在一些场合下名词前面是不需要冠词的，这种现象可称作“零冠词”。

初二英语中考专题复习第一节冠词名词( )1. It takes us _________ hour or more to go to my home town by _________ train.A. an; aB. a; anC. an; /D. a; /( )2. -In which class is __________ boy in white? --He's in Class 4.( )3. -By the way, have you got __________ E-mail address?--Oh yes, it's rggren@ hotmail. com. A. theB. anC. a ( )4. Have you seen such big _______ ?A. a tomatoB. tomatoC. tomatoes()5. Several _________ are talking under the tree. And their _______ are swimming inthe lake.A. woman; childrenB. woman; childC. women; childrenD. women; child()6. -What would you like,Madam?-'d like _______ , please. A. two bottles of orange C. two bottle of oranges()7. The little baby has two ____________ already.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths()8. -Which __________ of Shanghai do you come from?--Let me show you on the map. A. cityB. villageC. country()9. What _____________ d o you like best? ”______________________ Football. ”B. subjectC. sportD. music( )10. About _________ films were shown during the 5th ShanghaiInternational FilmFestival.A. two hundred ofB. two hundreds ofC. two hundredD. two hundreds()11. This is an old photo of mine when I _______ .A. have short hairsB. had short hairsC. have short hairD. had short hair( )12. More college graduates would like to work in ________ west part of our country_______ next year. A. the; theB. /; /C. /; theD. the; / ( )13. Can you see _________ s un in the day-time?A. aB. theC. anD. / ( )14. The singer usually sings while playing ________ guitar. A. a B. an C. the D. / ()15. I v e got information for all the computers now.A. aB. anC. theD. /A. theB. anC. anD. /D. / D. tomatosB. two bottles of oranges D. two bottle of orangeD. partA. food( )16. It would be ________ waste of money to buy such a small dictionary.A. aB. anC. theD. / ( )17. ________ g ood news we're got!A. What aB. How aC. What)18. Because of the unhealthy diet, many people in Africa die atterrible illnesses.)22. ________ went to Japan yesterday.A. The White 'B. The WhitesC. The White)23. John Smith works in __A. theB. / big hospital in Hangzhou.C. a)24. Look, five _________ are feeding on the hill.A. sheepsB. sheepC. sheeps )25. Several years later, John ' aunt made ________ second trip to China. A. the B. one C. aD. an )26. -Tou needn 'wait for Tom any longer. He must be having supper at _ D. Tells D. the sheep A. the Tell ' B. the Tells ' C. the Tells )27. This tree has green ________ throughout the year. A. leafB. leafsC. leaveD. leaves)28. At the age of eight, Mary joined a group of _______ .A. children dancersB. child dancersC. child dancer )29. -Mary, it ' going to rain. Better take _________ raincoat with you.--Well, but I can 'find _________ raincoat I put yesterday. A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the)30. In western countries, ________ a re thrown away each day.A. mountains of rubbishB. mountains of rubbishesC. a lot of rubbishD. a lot of rubbishes )31. He is trying to explain how __A. lifeB. lives )32. Look, the police ________ coming.A. isB. wereD. children ' dancersbegan on the earth.C. the lifeD. a lifeC. areD. was)33. Writing compositions in English is not ________ .A. easy jobB. an easy workC. an easy job)34. China was the earliest ________ c enter for ________ .A. research's; agriculture C. research "s; agriculturesD. the easy workB. research; agriculture D. researches; agricultures D. How__ early age from D. anA. theB. /C. a)19. -How soon shall we start the bicycle trip?A. In five day ' timeB. In five days 'timeC. In five days timeD. For five days )20. I don 'think men and women are equal in _________ countryside at present.A. theB. /C. a )21. There 'A. theD. an umbrella behind the door.C. aB. /D. anD. The White family D. an。

第29课时名词和冠词(一)名词名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念的名称的词。

在句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

对于名词的考查主要涉及以下考点：1．名词的辨析与运用；2．可数名词复数形式的变化规则；名词的定义3．不可数名词数量的表达；4．名词所有格的用法及构成。

名词的分类类别用法例词普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体student，table，car，apple集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体class，police，family，team不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物hair，water，milk，money抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念time，knowledge，health，peace专有名词表示地名、人名、语言、组织机构、月份、星期、节日等(专有名词的首字母需要大写)Beijing，Tom Smith，English，WTO，March，Monday，Easter【即时训练】用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。

advise，succeed，rest，healthy，season1．Mr Hu gives me some __advice__ on how to learn English well.2．Doing exercise is good for our __health__．3．I like winter best of all the __seasons__ because I can play in the snow.4．It's nice and cool here.Let's sit down and have a __rest__．5．You can never imagine how difficult the road to __success__ is.可数名词的单数和复数形式名词的数◆可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

专题一冠词和名词知识清单常考点清单一冠词一、冠词在句中的位置及分类冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。

冠词有两种：a和an为不定冠词，the为定冠词。

二、冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。

特指是指上文已提到的人或物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。

冠词的特指和泛指用法可归纳为下表：a(n)上文提到过的人或事物可数名词前一定要用冠词被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物特指说话双方所默认的人或事物世上独一无二的事物the指类别the特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物复数可数名词说话双方所默认的人或事物不可数名词前泛指人或事物零冠词指类别三、不定冠词的用法1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物。

This is a book. 这是一本书。

2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别其他种类。

A plane is a machine that can fly.3. 泛指某人或某物。

A girl is waiting for you.4. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。

two kilometers an hour, five lessons a week, twice a month5. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。

There’ll be a strong wind in South China.6. 用于某些固定词组中。

a few/ little / bit (一点儿), have a swim / walk / talk / look / dance / drink / rest = swim/ walk / talk / look/ dance / rest, have a old (感冒), have a good time (玩得高兴), in a hurry (匆忙), for a while (一会儿), keep a diary (写日记), do sb a favor (帮助某人)7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前。