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外研版英语选修六M o d u l e1课文(共27页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--外研版英语选修六课文Module 1Module 1 Small TalkIntroductionRead the dictionary definitions of small talk and answer the questions.1.Which definitions make small talk sound like a positive thing2.Which definitions refer to places where small talk might takeplace3.Why is it a problem if someone has no small talk4.What do you think is the Chinese for "small talk"small talk informal conversation about things that arenot importantMacmillan English Dictionary small talk light conversation that people make at social occasions about unimportant things: We stood around making small talk.Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary small talk polite friendly conversation about unimportant subjectsLongman Dictionary of Contemporary Englishsmall talk conversation about ordinary or unimportant matters, usually at a social event: He has no small talk. he is not good at talking to people about ordinary or unimportant things).Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary Look at the conversation topics below and answer the questions.careers; cars; examinations; film stars; music; politics; sport; travel; weather; food1.If you talk about these topics, is theconversation serious or small talk2.Which of the topics do you like talking aboutwith your friends3.Which of them do you talk about with your parents4.Which of them do you talk about with your teacher5.Which of them do you never talk about?Vocabulary and ReadingComplete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box. damage; encourage; impress; prepare; recognise1.The singer was really good! She me a lot!2.3.4.homework!5.Read the passage and decide what kind of book it is from. Choose from this list.The text is from ____.a book to help you prepare for a speaking examinationa business coursean English teaching booka book which tells you what to do at social eventsHow Good Are Your Social Skills?Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recogniseWould you love to go to a party and talk confidently to every guestDo you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people youdon't knowAnd are you nervous about the idea of being at a social event in another countryDon't worry—we can help you!You needn't worry about situations like these if you have good social skills. And they are easy to learn. People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation. It helps if you do a little advance planning.Here are a few ideas to help you.Learn how to do small talkSmall talk is very important and prepares you for more serious conversations. Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready. For example: •think of a recent news story—not too serious, . a story about a film staror sports star•think of things to tell people about your studies•think of"safe" things you can ask people's opinions about—music, sport, films, etc.•think of topics that you would avoid if you were talking to strangers—and avoid talking about them! That way, you don't damage yourconfidence!Develop your listening skillsListening is a skill which most people lack, but communication is a two-way process—it involves speaking AND listening. Always remember—you won'timpress people if you talk too much. Here are some ideas to make you a better listener:Do ...•show that you are listening by using encouraging noises and gestures—smiling, nodding, saying "uh-huh" and "OK", etc.•keep good eye contact•use positive body language•ask for more information to show your interestDon't ...•look at your watch•yawn•sigh•look away from the person who's talking to you•change the subject•finish other people's sentences for themAlways remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister in the nineteenth century: "Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!"Learn the rulesIf you go to a social occasion in another country, remember that social rules can be different. In some countries, for example, you have to arrive on time at a party; in other countries, you don't need to. In addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave. Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you can take things, but you needn't if you don't want to. Remember also that in some countries, you mustn't take flowers of a certain colour, because they're unlucky. In most places, you don't have to take a gift to a party—but find out first!Answer the questions.1.According to the article, should people plan what they're going to say at parties2.What do people think about those who talk too much3.Describe two things you shouldn't do in a conversation.4.Why is it a good idea to nod and smile when the other person is talking5.What does the quotation from Benjamin Disraeli tell you about people?Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.sigh; yawn; nod; avoid; lack; smile1.personal questions.2.meet people from other countries.3.head in agreement.4.I think the man I spoke to was tired—5.answered me.6.shook my hand.Look at the phrases from the passage and answer the questions.1.If you can talk confidently, does this mean that you are worried about talking topeople2.What kind of advance planning could you do before going to a party in a foreigncountry3.Can you give an example of a low-risk conversation opener if you were talking toa friend of your parents', for example4.What encouraging noises and gestures can you make when you're having aconversation in Chinese5.What is an example of positive body language6.Are social rules the same in every country?Discuss your answers to the questions.1.Which of the ideas in the reading passage do you think are useful in your society2.Are there any conversation techniques that you think you will use in the future3.Which of the listening skills are you good at4.Which of the social skills do you need to improve5.What are some of the usual small talk topics in China?FunctionRead the pairs of sentences and answer the questions.1.You must arrive on time at a party.You have to arrive on time at aparty.2.You mustn't take yellow flowers for the host.You don't have totake yellow flowers for the host.3.You don't have to take a gift.You don't need to take a gift.1. Which of the following is true about the first pair of sentences?The first one is an obligation, the second one is a suggestion.They both indicate an obligation.They are only suggestions about what to do.2. Which of the following is true about the second pair of sentences?The first one indicates that something is against the law.They mean the same thing.The first one is an obligation, the second one indicates a lack ofobligation.3. Which of the following is true about the third pair of sentences?The second one is an obligation, the first one isn't.They mean the same thing.The first one is an obligation, the second one isn't.Write three rules for a social event in your country.If you go to a social event in my country,1.you have to ____.2.you don't have to ____.3.you mustn't ____.4.Look at the two sentences and decide which explanation is correct.1. We all know each other. We don't need to worry about small talk. Thismeans ____.it isn't necessary to worry about itunfortunately we worry about it2. The party is informal. You needn't wear a tie. This means ____.we must not wear a tiewe can wear a tie if we chooseComplete the sentences with verbs to express obligation or lack of obligation.1.2.3.been given.4.5.you do.Reading and ListeningRead and match the conversations with the places. There is one extra place. at a summer school; during a job interview; in a business meeting; on a boatA: Wonderful, aren't they?B: Er ... I'm sorry?A: The cliffs.B: Oh, yes, they are.A: Been here before?B: Pardon?A: So ... you wrote in your application form that you're interested in mountains. B: Yes.A: Have you ever climbed a mountain?B: No.A: Have you ever read any books about mountain-climbing?B: No.A: When did you arrive?B: Yesterday.A: Nice journey?B: Very nice.A: Did the immigration people ask to see your visa?B: I didn't need to get a visa.A: Really Why notB: Because I was born here.A: Oh yes, of course!Answer the questions about the conversations.1.Do you think the conversations are between people who know eachother Give reasons for your answers.2.Which of the conversations would you call small talk3.What do you think about the answers in the interviewa.The answers show that the interviewee is interestedin the job.b.The answers are too short.c.The answers are impolite.Listen to the whole of the first conversation and answer the questions.1.Do the people both speak English as a first language2.Why did the woman have problems understanding what the manwas saying3.How did the man help her to understand him better?4.Listen and check. Choose the correct endings to the lines from theconversation.1. Sorry, I couldn't ____.hear what you saidunderstand what you said2. I didn't ____.like what you saidcatch what you said3. Could you ____repeat what you saidexplain what you said4. You needn't have ____.spoken to mespoken so slowly5. I just needed a few seconds ____.to get used to your voiceto understand your voiceGrammarRead the sentence from the listening passage and answer the questions.You needn't have spoken so slowly.1. Who said this?the touristthe English person2. Why did she say it Choose one of these possible reasons.The other person was speaking too quickly.The other person was speaking too slowly.The other person was speaking slowly and it wasn't necessary.Rewrite these sentences using needn't have done.1.It wasn't necessary for you to bring some flowers!You needn't have brought some flowers.2.Thank you for tidying the room—but it wasn't necessary.3.There was no need for you to buy the box of chocolates.4.Why did you go to school It's Sunday!5.Thank you for bringing the book to show me, but I already have it.Read the sentence and decide which endings are possible.I didn't need to buy a gift for my host family ____.so I didn't get onebecause I already had oneso I bought oneso I took it back and got a refundComplete the sentences using didn't need to or needn't have done. Example: It was an informal party so I didn't need to wear (wear) a suit.1.We brought some food to the party but there was too much, so we2.speech for him.3.The office had already opened when we arrived so we4.I got to the party at 6 . but there was no one there, so I5.I told the host all about my home town and then he told me he'dReading and WritingRead the email.Hi! How are you I hope you and your family are well.I have a favour to ask. Next week, I'm going to a reception at the Chinese Embassy here in London and I'm really looking forward to it. I'm going to meet some senior high school students and their teachers. The only problem is that I'm not very good at small talk with people I don't know—I'm always worried about saying the wrong thing or making people feel bored.I need to know what I can talk about with the Chinese people that I meet. I wonder if you would be kind enough to answer these questions.Here in England, there are certain questions that you shouldn't really ask people that you don't know—"How old are you" for example, and "How much do you earn" Are there any questions that you shouldn't ask people in China What sort of things do Chinese teenagers like talking about Sport Music Films And what sort of things do they find boring Politics The weather Looking forward to your reply.AlexWrite a reply. Answer the main questions and offer other advice. Use some of the following sentences to start and finish your email.•Very nice to hear from you.•Thank you for your interesting email.•How are you It's a long time since I heard from you.•I hope this information has been useful.•Best of luck at the Chinese Embassy.•Looking forward to hearing from you again soon.Reading and VocabularyYou're going to read a story about a saleswoman. Discuss what kind of small talk you need as a salesperson.The Wrong Kind of Small TalkEsther Greenbaum was a saleswoman for a firm of fax machines and business supplies. But she was also the most outspoken human being in the world—well, Westchester County, at least. Her motto was "Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it."Esther Greenbaum's major shortcoming was that she had a complete absence of small talk. No, that's not quite true. She had small talk, but it was the wrong kind. In fact, she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication, and asa consequence, she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth. It was no coincidence either that she wasn't a very good saleswoman.One day during a meeting, Esther was introduced to an important customer, a mature woman."Nice to meet you," she said. "How old are you" The customer looked awkward."Forty Forty-five" said Esther. "You look much older. And your friend ... she's older than you, but she looks much younger!"On another occasion, Esther teased a typist, "Hey! When's your baby due"The typist went red and contradicted Esther. "Actually, I'm not pregnant," she said."Oh, sorry," said Esther without any apology. "Just putting on a little weight, huh"Esther was never cautious about other people's feelings. One of her acquaintances, a salesman in the firm, was going through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. She tried to cheer him up."Forget her! She was a complete fool. No one liked her anyway."Much of the time, Esther said the first thing to come into her head. One day at work, a clerk came into the office with a new hairstyle."Nice haircut," said Esther. "How much did it cost"The woman replied, "I'd rather not say."Esther replied, "Well, anyhow, either you paid too much or you paid too little."She met a very famous writer once. "Hey, what a coincidence!" she said. "You're writing a book and I'm reading one!"The trouble with Esther was she said what she thought, and didn't think about what she said. A young man was trying to be modest about his new job many miles away."I guess the company chose me so they'd get some peace in the office," he smiled."No, I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your whole career with us," Esther replied sweetly.Once, Esther went to a brunch party to meet some old school friends on the anniversary of their graduation. She greeted the hostess."Do you remember that guy you were dating What happened to him" she asked. "You know, the ugly one."At that moment, a man came up and stood by her friend. "Esther, I'd like you to meet my husband," she said. "Charles, this is ..."Esther interrupted her, "Hey, so you married him!"Read the passage and answer the questions.1.What did Esther often do when she spoke to others2.What do you think are "the basic rules of social communication"3.Why did the customer look awkward when she was asked how oldshe was4.How did the typist contradict Esther5.What was wrong about Esther's advice to the salesman6.What did Esther think of the clerk's haircut7.Why did the young man think the company gave him a new jobmiles away8.What did Esther think of her old school friend's husband?Read the passage and find:1.three things you can say when you make small talk2.two things you should not say3.one way of replying to questions which you don't wish to answer4.The style of this passage is meant to be humourous and exaggerated.Example:You look much older. And your friend, she's older than you, but she looks much younger!5.Look for more examples of humour and exaggeration in the passage. Look at the new words in the box.absence; acquaintance; anniversary; apology; awkward; brunch; cautious; clerk; customer; fax; firm; fool; haircut; hostess; human being; interrupt; mature; messy; motto; outspoken; pregnant; saleswoman; shortcoming; tease; typistFind words for:1.2.3.4.5.6.Note: Not all the words fit these categories.Answer the questions about the words in the box.absence; acquaintance; anniversary; apology; awkward; brunch; cautious; clerk; customer; fax; firm; fool; haircut; hostess; human being; interrupt; mature; messy; motto; outspoken; pregnant; saleswoman; shortcoming; tease; typist1.When is the next important anniversary in your life2.Do people ever tease you3.Can you think of a personal motto4.When was the last apology you have given or received5.What are you cautious about6.Do you know anyone who is outspokenDiscuss the questions and give reasons for your answers.1.Is small talk important in your society2.Is it as important as "real" conversation3.Do you think small talk is more or less important in English than inyour language?Reading PracticeLook at the title of the passage and the words in the box. Choose five words and guess what the writer uses them to say.argument; compliment; conversation; curious; disagreement; dull; embarrassment; factual; genuine; hospitable; lively; relationship; sensitive; secretive; silence; spy; topic; violate; wealthMaking Friends in the USAIn the USA, conversation is less lively than in many other cultures, where everyone talks at the same time. When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person's speaking may be.If you're not sure what to talk about, you can ask what people do. We're defined by our jobs and we're usually happy to talk about them, unless you're a spy!Some people say that Americans talk about their feelings more than Asians, but are more secretive about factual matters. You can safely ask questions about families, where you come from, leisure interests, as well as the latest movies. We're interested in people's ethnic background too. But it's best to avoid politics, religion and other sensitive topics.A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someone, but this doesn't mean that you're close friends, or the relationship is very deep. But a lot of people are very friendly and hospitable, and the famous invitation "If you're ever in Minneapolis / San Diego / Poughkeepsie, do call by and see us!" is never made without a genuine desire to meet again.But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask, particularly if you clearly show you're aware of cultural differences, they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions. In fact, it's a sign that they don't wish to violate your private life. So, many Americans will talk about safe topics because they don't dare to be too curious or personal, but will happily talk about more private matters if you take the lead.Generally we dislike arguments, and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement. It's easy to return to discussing the weather: "Do you like the USA How do you like the weather" or making compliments: "What lovely flowers and what a beautiful vase!" "That's a fabulous dress you're wearing." You should accept compliments graciously and say "Thank you!"There are a couple of dangerous topics of conversation: age and money. Age is not treated as something very special, unless someone is very old: "Isn't she wonderful for her age!" and there are no special rules or signs of extra respect for elderly people. Anyway, Americans always want to look younger than they really are, so don't expect an accurate reply!Income is a very private matter, and you'd do well to avoid asking how much people earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth. We don't ask how much things cost, either.But what we don't like is silence, and almost anything is better than the embarrassment of a quiet party and silent guests.Read the advice on small talk. Is it true for you?1.You can ask about families, what people do and like, etc.2.It's OK to talk about religion and politics.3.You shouldn't talk about your feelings.4.Don't ask personal questions.5.Make sure you don't talk about the weather or give compliments.6.You can talk about people's age and their income.7.Choose the correct answers.1. When a dull person talks, you should ____.not ask personal questionsask questionschange the topic of conversationlisten2. It's always OK to talk to Americans about ____.age and moneytheir workreligion and politicstheir private life3. When Americans make an invitation to visit, ____.they genuinely want to see you againthey don't really mean itThey want to find out more about youyou should accept it4. The best way to talk about personal things is to ____.discuss the weathertalk about your own private life firsttalk about your jobask them how old they are5. It's best to avoid ____.spiespersonal questionssilencedull peopleComplete the sentences in your own words.1.Conversation is less lively in the USA because everyone ____.2.Americans are happy to talk about family and personal interests,but ____.3.If you show you're aware of cultural differences, ____.4.You shouldn't ask how old people are because ____.5.Although some people like to show off their wealth, ____. Cultural CornerRead the passage and answer the questions.1.How does the AAA model work2.Is the AAA model a good idea while making small talk withsomeone you don't know in China?The AAAIt is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. A very important function of small talk is to establish a relationship between people who don't know each other very well, or don't know each other at all.Psychologists say that the most successful formula for small talk between people like this is the AAA model. AAA = answer, add and ask. This is how it works. Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the café or party, etc. The first person asks a question: A: Do you live near here? The second person replies by answering the question, adding some extra information and then asking another question: B: (Answer) Yes, I do. (Add) In an apartment on Brown Street. (Ask) Do you live nearby too?The first person does the same, answer, add and ask: A: (Answer) No, I live in Bristol.(Add) I'm just visiting London. (Ask) Have you lived here long? B: (Answer) Not so long.(Add) I moved here three years ago.(Ask) What's the purpose of your visit to London? The speakers may have difficulty at first, but they soon realise that the important thing is that they are saying something. By continuing with the AAA model, the conversation continues. Because the thing they both want to avoid is an embarrassing silence.The conversation can continue in this way for a long time. However, something can happen that completely changes the atmosphere. B: Why do you live in Bristol?A: I'm studying there. History. Are you a student?B: Yes. And I know some people who are studying at Bristol. Do you know a girl called Helen Brown?A: Helen Brown!! Yes! She's one of my best friends! How do you know her? B: She's my cousin.At this point, the AAA model stops. Because they used this very useful social technique, they found something they have in common at last.。
外研版英语选修六课文Module 1 Module 1 Small TalkIntroductionRead the dictionary definitions of small talk and answer the questions.1.Which definitions make small talk sound like a positive thing?2.Which definitions refer to places where small talk might take place?3.Why is it a problem if someone has no small talk?4.What do you think is the Chinese for "small talk"?small talk informal conversation about things that arenot importantMacmillan English Dictionary small talk light conversation that people make at social occasions about unimportant things: We stood around making small talk.Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary small talk polite friendly conversation about unimportant subjectsLongman Dictionary of Contemporary English small talk conversation about ordinary or unimportant matters, usually at a social event: He has no small talk (i.e. he is not good at talking to people about ordinary or unimportant things).Oxford Advanced Learner's DictionaryLook at the conversation topics below and answer the questions.careers; cars; examinations; film stars; music; politics; sport; travel; weather; food1.If you talk about these topics, is theconversation serious or small talk?2.Which of the topics do you like talking aboutwith your friends?3.Which of them do you talk about with your parents?4.Which of them do you talk about with your teacher?5.Which of them do you never talk about?Vocabulary and ReadingComplete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box. damage; encourage; impress; prepare; recognise1.The singer was really good! She me a lot!2.He had an accident and his bicycle.3.Don't shout at the children. You should them to do better.4.Make sure you for your English examination. Do morehomework!5.Read the passage and decide what kind of book it is from. Choose from this list.The text is from ____.a book to help you prepare for a speaking examinationa business coursean English teaching booka book which tells you what to do at social eventsHow Good Are Your Social Skills?Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognise? Would you love to go to a party and talk confidently to every guest? Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don't know? And are you nervous about the idea of being at a social event in another country? Don't worry—we can help you!You needn't worry about situations like these if you have good social skills. And they are easy to learn. People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation. It helps if you do a little advance planning.Here are a few ideas to help you.Learn how to do small talkSmall talk is very important and prepares you for more serious conversations. Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready. For example:•think of a recent news story—not too serious, e.g. a story about a filmstar or sports star•think of things to tell people about your studies•think of"safe" things you can ask people's opinions about—music, sport, films, etc.•think of topics that you would avoid if you were talking to strangers—and avoid talking about them! That way, you don't damage yourconfidence!Develop your listening skillsListening is a skill which most people lack, but communication is a two-way process—it involves speaking AND listening. Always remember—you won't impress people if you talk too much. Here are some ideas to make you a better listener:Do ...•show that you are listening by using encouraging noises and gestures—smiling, nodding, saying "uh-huh" and "OK", etc.•keep good eye contact•use positive body language•ask for more information to show your interestDon't ...•look at your watch•yawn•sigh•look away from the person who's talking to you•change the subject•finish other people's sentences for themAlways remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister in the nineteenth century: "Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!"Learn the rulesIf you go to a social occasion in another country, remember that social rules can be different. In some countries, for example, you have to arrive on time at a party; in other countries, you don't need to. In addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave. Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you can take things, but you needn't if you don't want to. Remember also that in some countries, you mustn't take flowers of a certain colour, because they're unlucky. In most places, you don't have to take a gift to a party—but find out first!Answer the questions.1.According to the article, should people plan what they're going to say at parties?2.What do people think about those who talk too much?3.Describe two things you shouldn't do in a conversation.4.Why is it a good idea to nod and smile when the other person is talking?5.What does the quotation from Benjamin Disraeli tell you about people?Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.sigh; yawn; nod; avoid; lack; smile1.personal questions.2.meet people from other countries.3.head in agreement.4.I think the man I spoke to was tired—5.answered me.6.shook my hand.Look at the phrases from the passage and answer the questions.1.If you can talk confidently, does this mean that you are worried about talking topeople?2.What kind of advance planning could you do before going to a party in a foreigncountry?3.Can you give an example of a low-risk conversation opener if you were talking toa friend of your parents', for example?4.What encouraging noises and gestures can you make when you're having aconversation in Chinese?5.What is an example of positive body language?6.Are social rules the same in every country?Discuss your answers to the questions.1.Which of the ideas in the reading passage do you think are useful in your society?2.Are there any conversation techniques that you think you will use in the future?3.Which of the listening skills are you good at?4.Which of the social skills do you need to improve?5.What are some of the usual small talk topics in China?FunctionRead the pairs of sentences and answer the questions.1.You must arrive on time at a party.You have to arrive on time at a party.2.You mustn't take yellow flowers for the host.You don't have to take yellow flowers for the host.3.You don't have to take a gift.You don't need to take a gift.1. Which of the following is true about the first pair of sentences?The first one is an obligation, the second one is a suggestion.They both indicate an obligation.They are only suggestions about what to do.2. Which of the following is true about the second pair of sentences?The first one indicates that something is against the law.They mean the same thing.The first one is an obligation, the second one indicates a lack ofobligation.3. Which of the following is true about the third pair of sentences?The second one is an obligation, the first one isn't.They mean the same thing.The first one is an obligation, the second one isn't.Write three rules for a social event in your country.If you go to a social event in my country,1.you have to ____.2.you don't have to ____.3.you mustn't ____.4.Look at the two sentences and decide which explanation is correct.1. We all know each other. We don't need to worry about small talk. Thismeans ____.it isn't necessary to worry about itunfortunately we worry about it2. The party is informal. You needn't wear a tie. This means ____.we must not wear a tiewe can wear a tie if we chooseComplete the sentences with verbs to express obligation or lack of obligation.1.2.3.been given.4.5.you do.Reading and ListeningRead and match the conversations with the places. There is one extra place.at a summer school; during a job interview; in a business meeting; on a boatA: Wonderful, aren't they?B: Er ... I'm sorry?A: The cliffs.B: Oh, yes, they are.A: Been here before?B: Pardon?A: So ... you wrote in your application form that you're interested in mountains. B: Yes.A: Have you ever climbed a mountain?B: No.A: Have you ever read any books about mountain-climbing?B: No.A: When did you arrive?B: Yesterday.A: Nice journey?B: Very nice.A: Did the immigration people ask to see your visa?B: I didn't need to get a visa.A: Really? Why not?B: Because I was born here.A: Oh yes, of course!Answer the questions about the conversations.1.Do you think the conversations are between people who know eachother? Give reasons for your answers.2.Which of the conversations would you call small talk?3.What do you think about the answers in the interview?a.The answers show that the interviewee is interestedin the job.b.The answers are too short.c.The answers are impolite.Listen to the whole of the first conversation and answer the questions.1.Do the people both speak English as a first language?2.Why did the woman have problems understanding what the manwas saying?3.How did the man help her to understand him better?4.Listen and check. Choose the correct endings to the lines from theconversation.1. Sorry, I couldn't ____.hear what you saidunderstand what you said2. I didn't ____.like what you saidcatch what you said3. Could you ____?repeat what you saidexplain what you said4. You needn't have ____.spoken to mespoken so slowly5. I just needed a few seconds ____.to get used to your voiceto understand your voiceGrammarRead the sentence from the listening passage and answer the questions.You needn't have spoken so slowly.1. Who said this?the touristthe English person2. Why did she say it? Choose one of these possible reasons.The other person was speaking too quickly.The other person was speaking too slowly.The other person was speaking slowly and it wasn't necessary.Rewrite these sentences using needn't have done.1.It wasn't necessary for you to bring some flowers!You needn't have brought some flowers.2.Thank you for tidying the room—but it wasn't necessary.3.There was no need for you to buy the box of chocolates.4.Why did you go to school? It's Sunday!5.Thank you for bringing the book to show me, but I already have it.Read the sentence and decide which endings are possible.I didn't need to buy a gift for my host family ____.so I didn't get onebecause I already had oneso I bought oneso I took it back and got a refundComplete the sentences using didn't need to or needn't have done. Example: It was an informal party so I didn't need to wear (wear) a suit.1.We brought some food to the party but there was too much, so we2.speech for him.3.(wait) outside in the street.4.I got to the party at 6 p.m. but there was no one there, so I5.I told the host all about my home town and then he told me he'dReading and WritingRead the email.Hi! How are you? I hope you and your family are well.I have a favour to ask. Next week, I'm going to a reception at the Chinese Embassy here in London and I'm really looking forward to it. I'm going to meet some senior high school students and their teachers. The only problem is that I'm not very good at small talk with people I don't know—I'm always worried about saying the wrong thing or making people feel bored.I need to know what I can talk about with the Chinese people that I meet. I wonder if you would be kind enough to answer these questions.Here in England, there are certain questions that you shouldn't really ask people that you don't know—"How old are you?" for example, and "How much do you earn?" Are there any questions that you shouldn't ask people in China?What sort of things do Chinese teenagers like talking about? Sport? Music? Films? And what sort of things do they find boring? Politics? The weather?Looking forward to your reply.AlexWrite a reply. Answer the main questions and offer other advice. Use some of the following sentences to start and finish your email.•Very nice to hear from you.•Thank you for your interesting email.•How are you? It's a long time since I heard from you.•I hope this information has been useful.•Best of luck at the Chinese Embassy.•Looking forward to hearing from you again soon.Reading and VocabularyYou're going to read a story about a saleswoman. Discuss what kind of small talk you need as a salesperson.The Wrong Kind of Small TalkEsther Greenbaum was a saleswoman for a firm of fax machines and business supplies. But she was also the most outspoken human being in the world—well, Westchester County, at least. Her motto was "Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it."Esther Greenbaum's major shortcoming was that she had a complete absence of small talk. No, that's not quite true. She had small talk, but it was the wrong kind. In fact, she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication, and as a consequence, she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth. It was no coincidence either that she wasn't a very good saleswoman.One day during a meeting, Esther was introduced to an important customer, a mature woman."Nice to meet you," she said. "How old are you?" The customer looked awkward."Forty? Forty-five?" said Esther. "You look much older. And your friend ... she's older than you, but she looks much younger!"On another occasion, Esther teased a typist, "Hey! When's your baby due?"The typist went red and contradicted Esther. "Actually, I'm not pregnant," she said."Oh, sorry," said Esther without any apology. "Just putting on a little weight, huh?"Esther was never cautious about other people's feelings. One of her acquaintances, a salesman in the firm, was going through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. She tried to cheer him up."Forget her! She was a complete fool. No one liked her anyway."Much of the time, Esther said the first thing to come into her head. One day at work, a clerk came into the office with a new hairstyle."Nice haircut," said Esther. "How much did it cost?"The woman replied, "I'd rather not say."Esther replied, "Well, anyhow, either you paid too much or you paid too little."She met a very famous writer once. "Hey, what a coincidence!" she said. "You're writing a book and I'm reading one!"The trouble with Esther was she said what she thought, and didn't think about what she said. A young man was trying to be modest about his new job many miles away."I guess the company chose me so they'd get some peace in the office," he smiled."No, I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your whole career with us," Esther replied sweetly.Once, Esther went to a brunch party to meet some old school friends on the anniversary of their graduation. She greeted the hostess."Do you remember that guy you were dating? What happened to him?" she asked. "You know, the ugly one."At that moment, a man came up and stood by her friend. "Esther, I'd like you to meet my husband," she said. "Charles, this is ..."Esther interrupted her, "Hey, so you married him!"Read the passage and answer the questions.1.What did Esther often do when she spoke to others?2.What do you think are "the basic rules of social communication"?3.Why did the customer look awkward when she was asked how oldshe was?4.How did the typist contradict Esther?5.What was wrong about Esther's advice to the salesman?6.What did Esther think of the clerk's haircut?7.Why did the young man think the company gave him a new jobmiles away?8.What did Esther think of her old school friend's husband?Read the passage and find:1.three things you can say when you make small talk2.two things you should not say3.one way of replying to questions which you don't wish to answer4.The style of this passage is meant to be humourous and exaggerated.Example:You look much older. And your friend, she's older than you, but she looks much younger!5.Look for more examples of humour and exaggeration in the passage.Look at the new words in the box.absence; acquaintance; anniversary; apology; awkward; brunch; cautious; clerk; customer; fax; firm; fool; haircut; hostess; human being; interrupt; mature; messy; motto; outspoken; pregnant; saleswoman; shortcoming; tease; typistFind words for:1.2.3.4.5.6.Note: Not all the words fit these categories.Answer the questions about the words in the box.absence; acquaintance; anniversary; apology; awkward; brunch; cautious; clerk; customer; fax; firm; fool; haircut; hostess; human being; interrupt; mature; messy; motto; outspoken; pregnant; saleswoman; shortcoming; tease; typist1.When is the next important anniversary in your life?2.Do people ever tease you?3.Can you think of a personal motto?4.When was the last apology you have given or received?5.What are you cautious about?6.Do you know anyone who is outspoken?Discuss the questions and give reasons for your answers.1.Is small talk important in your society?2.Is it as important as "real" conversation?3.Do you think small talk is more or less important in English than inyour language?Reading PracticeLook at the title of the passage and the words in the box. Choose five words and guess what the writer uses them to say.argument; compliment; conversation; curious; disagreement; dull; embarrassment; factual; genuine; hospitable; lively; relationship; sensitive; secretive; silence; spy; topic; violate; wealthMaking Friends in the USAIn the USA, conversation is less lively than in many other cultures, where everyone talks at the same time. When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person's speaking may be.If you're not sure what to talk about, you can ask what people do. We're defined by our jobs and we're usually happy to talk about them, unless you're a spy!Some people say that Americans talk about their feelings more than Asians, but are more secretive about factual matters. You can safely ask questions about families, where you come from, leisure interests, as well as the latest movies. We're interested in people's ethnic background too. But it's best to avoid politics, religion and other sensitive topics.A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someone, but this doesn't mean that you're close friends, or the relationship is very deep. But a lot of people are very friendly and hospitable, and the famous invitation "If you're ever in Minneapolis / San Diego / Poughkeepsie, do call by and see us!" is never made without a genuine desire to meet again.But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask, particularly if you clearly show you're aware of cultural differences, they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions. In fact, it's a sign that they don't wish to violate your private life. So, many Americans will talk about safe topics because they don't dare to be too curious or personal, but will happily talk about more private matters if you take the lead.Generally we dislike arguments, and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement. It's easy to return to discussing the weather: "Do you like the USA? How do you like the weather?" or making compliments: "What lovely flowers and what a beautiful vase!" "That's a fabulous dress you're wearing." You should accept compliments graciously and say "Thank you!"There are a couple of dangerous topics of conversation: age and money. Age is not treated as something very special, unless someone is very old: "Isn't she wonderful for her age!" and there are no special rules or signs of extra respect for elderly people. Anyway, Americans always want to look younger than they really are, so don't expect an accurate reply!Income is a very private matter, and you'd do well to avoid asking how much people earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth. We don't ask how much things cost, either.But what we don't like is silence, and almost anything is better than the embarrassment of a quiet party and silent guests.Read the advice on small talk. Is it true for you?1.You can ask about families, what people do and like, etc.2.It's OK to talk about religion and politics.3.You shouldn't talk about your feelings.4.Don't ask personal questions.5.Make sure you don't talk about the weather or give compliments.6.You can talk about people's age and their income.7.Choose the correct answers.1. When a dull person talks, you should ____.not ask personal questionsask questionschange the topic of conversationlisten2. It's always OK to talk to Americans about ____.age and moneytheir workreligion and politicstheir private life3. When Americans make an invitation to visit, ____.they genuinely want to see you againthey don't really mean itThey want to find out more about youyou should accept it4. The best way to talk about personal things is to ____.discuss the weathertalk about your own private life firsttalk about your jobask them how old they are5. It's best to avoid ____.spiespersonal questionssilencedull peopleComplete the sentences in your own words.1.Conversation is less lively in the USA because everyone ____.2.Americans are happy to talk about family and personal interests,but ____.3.If you show you're aware of cultural differences, ____.4.You shouldn't ask how old people are because ____.5.Although some people like to show off their wealth, ____. Cultural CornerRead the passage and answer the questions.1.How does the AAA model work?2.Is the AAA model a good idea while making small talk withsomeone you don't know in China?The AAAIt is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. A very important function of small talk is to establish a relationship between people who don't know each other very well, or don't know each other at all.Psychologists say that the most successful formula for small talk between people like this is the AAA model. AAA = answer, add and ask. This is how it works.Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the café or party, etc. The first person asks a question: A: Do you live near here?The second person replies by answering the question, adding some extra information and then asking another question: B: (Answer) Yes, I do. (Add) In an apartment on Brown Street.(Ask) Do you live nearby too?The first person does the same, answer, add and ask: A: (Answer) No, I live in Bristol.(Add) I'm just visiting London.(Ask) Have you lived here long? B: (Answer) Not so long.(Add) I moved here three years ago.(Ask) What's the purpose of your visit to London?The speakers may have difficulty at first, but they soon realise that the important thing is that they are saying something. By continuing with the AAAmodel, the conversation continues. Because the thing they both want to avoid is an embarrassing silence.The conversation can continue in this way for a long time. However, something can happen that completely changes the atmosphere. B: Why do you live in Bristol? A: I'm studying there. History. Are you a student? B: Yes. And I know some people who are studying at Bristol. Do you know a girl called Helen Brown? A: Helen Brown!! Yes! She's one of my best friends! How do you know her? B: She's my cousin.At this point, the AAA model stops. Because they used this very useful social technique, they found something they have in common at last.。
Unit 4 reading stand-up for your health Teaching aim1 Understand the article stand up for your health with both general and detailed questions2 Check and enhance the students reading ability by fast reading and scanning3 Help the students guess the unfamiliar or unknown words4 Help the students understand “laughter is the best medicine “ and encourage them to practice it in their live .Teaching important point1 Understand the definition of stand-up as well as its type2 Get to know Billy Crystal3 Find answers to questions concerning the article4 How to guess the meaning of unknown or unfamiliar wordsTeaching difficult points1 How to make sure that everyone understand the article well2 How to help the students guess the meaning of the words correctly3 How to practice laughter is the best medecine “ in our daily lifeTeaching meathods1 The multi-media2 The blackboardTeaching procedureStep 1 lead in1. Life consists of laughter and tears, and which do you prefer?2. Brainstorming:What makes people laugh?Step 2Fast readingA Read the article as quickly as possible and find answers to the three questions in Part A.1).What is the article about? ________ .2). How many types of stand-up are there? ______ .3). What is laughter good for? ______ .B Fast reading again to decide True or false.1).A stand-up edian is not allowed to make fun of an audience member.2). If the edians act or speak like a well-known person, this is called observational edy.3). What the physical edians usually do is tripping over chairs, walking into doors and falling down on stage.Step 3 Reading strategy: Guessing the meaning of a word from the contextSome examples for the students:Line 13 propLine 28 routineLine 33 improviseLine 40 appropriateStep 4 Careful reading1. Devide the article naturally into four parts and scan part by partPart 1 paragraph onePart 2 types of stand-upPart3 a famous edianPart4 laughter is good for your health2. Part 1What is special about stand-up edy?Stand-up edy is special because the edian is right there in front of the audience and may talk directly to audience members.Part2What are the four main types of stand-up?They are observational, prop, physical and impressionist.Part31. When did Billy Crystal begin practicing stand-up?He began practicing stand-up when he was a child.2. What is one reason Billy Crystal has bee so famous?His outstanding ability to improvise.3. How many times has Billy Crystal hosted the Academy Awards?Eight times.4. Who were Bob Hope and George Burns?They were two edians who lived to be 100 years old and kept working until the end of their lives.Part41. What does your brain do when you laugh?When we laugh, our brains send chemicals around our body that are good for us.2. What is the English idiom about laughter mentioned in the text?Laughter is the best medicine.Step 5 Post reading1. How do you understand laughter is the best medicine?2. The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is ing. The mittee is organizing some activities like Smiling baby face recruiting ,Smiling China 2008.What do you think are the purposes of them?Laughter is a bridge that can lead people to health, happiness and peace. It is a good therapy to help people get rid of bitterness and forget all the problems.step 6 Further reading（consolidation to check the students understanding of the text）1.A stand-up edian _____ while performing.A. enjoys laughingB. enjoys making fun of himselfC. usually make fun of the audienceD. has prepared a lot of jokes in advance2.Which of the following is the style of prop?A. jokes in everyday lifeB. visual humourC. body action D imitation of well-known person3.Billy Crystal started his career ____.A. as a television actorB. as a film actorC. as a stand-up edianD. as a host4.At the 2004 Academy Awards, a very old actor ______ at first.A. was asked to make a silent speechB. didn’t turn on the microphone on purposeC. made the audience laughD. couldn’t make himself heardStep 7 Language points1.make fun of取笑, 拿……开玩笑It’s cruel to make fun of people who stammer.play jokes on 开……的玩笑play a trick on 捉弄,开玩笑make jokes about 拿……开玩笑Don’t play jokes on that poor girl.Don’t be serious. He just played a trick on you just now.2.responsenoun [C or U] an answer or reaction:Responses to our advertisement havebeen disappointing.Her proposals met with anenthusiasticresponse.Management has granted a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure. •responsibility n. 责任;负责;任务•responsible adj. 须负责任的in response to 对……做出反应take responsibility for 对……负责be responsible for 对……负责,作为……的原因be responsible to 向……负责3. reaction n. 反应react v. 起反应, 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用react to sb / sth 对……作出反应react with sth 与……起化学反应react against sb/sth 反对; 反抗4. queue vi. 排队，列队n. 行列, 长队, 队列queue up 排队，列队By 7 o'clock a long queue had formed outside the cinema.到7点钟时, 电影院门外已经排成了长队。
Module 1Small Talk伏尔泰曾说过，“如果一个人无话可说，那他的谈话一定很无趣。
”而干涩的开场白很难引出有趣的对白，实际上，聊天也是一门艺术，我们需要了解聊天的技巧……What is small talk？Small talk is pleasant conversationabout common interests.The ability to make small talk is highlyvalued.The following is something before starting small talk andpotential conversation starters.Three Questions to Ask Yourself Before Starting the Conversation：1．Is this a “yes”or “no”question？If it is，is there a better way to present the question that might lead to a more in-depth conversation?2．Is this question too personal？Might it make the person being asked uncomfortable？If so，how can I present the question in a non-threatening way?3．Is this a question I'd want to answer myself？If not，how can I change thequestion to make it more inviting?Potential Conversation Starters：Popular Culture·Who was your favorite singer on last night's episode(一集)of The Voice?·How did you become a Green Bay Packers fan?·What did you think of the new Mumford & Sons album?Family and Friends·Did you enjoy growing up in the Midwest?·What do you like to do with friends in your spare time?·Do you have to travel far to visit your brothers or sisters?Free Time and Hobbies·What made you decide to run for Vice president of the Education Club?·How long have you been playing golf?·Do you have any plans for Winter Break?Shared Interests·What did you think of our math test last Friday?·I heard that we're both attending the cooking class on Thursday.What's your favorite thing to make?Upcoming E v ents·Who do you think will win the Emmy for Best Supporting Actress?·What are you planning to dress up as for the office Halloween party this year?1．potential adj.潜在的，可能的2．in-depth adj.深入的3．non-threatening adj无威胁性的4．run for 竞选5．dress up as 打扮为1．What is small talk?2．How do you start small talk?【答案】 1.Small talk is pleasant conversation about common interests.2．We can start small talk in many ways，such as，popular culture，family and friends，free time and hobbies，shared interests，upcoming events and so on. Section ⅠIntroduction & Vocabulary andReading －Preparing根据所给词性和汉语提示写出下列单词1．adj.非正式的2．adj.严肃的3．ad v. 自信地4．v. 缺少，缺乏5．adj.预先的，在前的6．v. 点头7．v. 叹气，叹息8．n. 机会【答案】 rmal 2.serious 3.confidently4．lack 5.advance 6.nod7.sigh8.opportunity根据提示补全下列短语1．make 交朋友，建立友谊2．(be)nervous 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安3．think 想起，回忆起4．body 身体语言，肢体语言5．look away 把目光从……移开6．rules 社交规则7．addition 除此以外，另外8．find 了解(到)；找出(信息)【答案】 1.friends 2.about 3.of nguage 5.from 6.social7.in 8.out根据提示补全下列教材原句1．And they ．而且这些技巧学起来也很容易。
Teaching Plan of Module 6 Book 6 Period 2Topic: war and peacePeriod: 2. Vocabulary and ReadingTime: 2010-11-19Teaching class: Class Three Grade TwoTeaching aims:Language and skills: 1. Learn some vocabulary related to war and peace, suchas survivor, decare war on and so on.2. Improve the ability of understanding general meaning of thepassge and their reading skills and learn some detailinformation.3. Be able to describe the D-Day landings and express theirfeelings about war.Process and Method: 1. Learn some words related to the landings and war by doinga match exercise.2. Improve the ability of understanding general idea byreading the passage with the strategies of skimming andscanning and with the help of pair work and group work.3. Descibe D-Day Landings and express their feelings about warby seeing a short movie of the landings and by combiningtheir existing knowledge and what they ‘ve just learnt inthe period in the form of group.Emotion and Value: 1.Learn some information about WWII and D-Day Landings.2. Strengthen their moral consciousness of keeping andtreasuring peace of the world.Important Teaching Points: Learn those now words and get the general idea of thepassage.Difficult Teaching Points: Enable the studentgs to describe D-Day Lanings andexpress their feelings about war using what they havelearned in this period.Teaching methods: Task-based learning and teaching method; Inspiration andcreation task; showing moving; brainsrotming; skimmingand scanning; group work to discuss the topic. Teaching tools: a computer, a projector, a blackboard and some chalk. Teaching ProcuduresStep I Revision and Leading-inDo a revision about the famous quotations about war and peace and the second world war and then show two pictures of D-Day Landings. Ask students to tell what kind of peole are in the pictures and what they are doing. Then lead to the passage of D-Day Landings.Step II Pre-reading1 Ask the students to read some key expressions after the teacher to get the right prononciation and then try to match the meaning with the word.2 Check the answers.Step III ReadingTask i SkimmingAsk students to read the three short passages quickly and match each part with their main idea.Task ii Scanning 1 Passage 11.Ask students to read the passage 1 carefully in three minutes to find someinformation about WWII and about D-Day Landings.2.Check the answers.Task iii Scanning 2 Passage 21.Give students three minutes to scan the passage with the task of answering somequestion.2.Show them a short piece of video about the landing of Normandy in the film SavingPrivate Rane. Students should describe what they have seen or what happened during the landing.Task iv Scanning 3 Passage 31.Reading the passage 3 carefully to answer some questions about 60 years afterthe landings.2.Learn the poem on the war memorial together to sense the meaning and the messageit sends.Step IV Post-readingFour students in a group discuss what they think of the D-Day Landings and what are their feelings about war. Then report the results to the class by the groupleader. Step V summaryProvide the chance for students to summarize and self-evaluate their learning results.Step VI HomeworkWrite a short essay about D-Day Landings and express their feelings about war with about 120 words.。
Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient practice which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past, the human race managed to live with it. Modern cleverness has changed this. Either Man will end the existence of war, or war will end the existence of Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long,offer an even greater threat. If we succeeded in ending the existence of nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in ending war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international problems in a new way not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in killing people, but by settling in accordance with agreed rules of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.There are those who say that the acceptance of this or that ideology (意识形态) would prevent war. I believe this to be a big mistake. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements (强词夺理) which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their supporters believe in them so deeply that they are willing to go to war in support of them.The movement of world opinion during the past few years has changed very greatly as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace (老生常谈) that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are coming nearer to is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important struggle nowadays is not between different countries but between Man and the atombomb.Section_ⅠIntroduction & Reading — Pre-reading [原文呈现][读文清障]The D-Day Landings — Passage 1In September 1939, Britain declared war on①Germany after Germany invaded② Poland. The war, which lasted③until 1945④，is known as⑤the Second World War. During the war, Germany occupied⑥many countries, including France. The most important battle of the war in Europe was Operation⑦ Overlord, the military operation in 1944 to invade France.Operation Overlord started when boats full of⑧soldiers landed on the beaches⑨ of Normandy in France, known as the D-Day landings. More than 5,000 ships crossed the English Channel, carrying 130,000 troops⑩to the French coast⑪.①declare war on向……宣战②invade/In'veId/v.入侵，侵略③last/lɑːst/v.持续④which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the war。
