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Conservatives and LiberalsRalph Waldo Emerson The two parties which divide the state, the party of Conservative and that of innovation, are very old, and have disputed the possession of the world ever since it was made. This quarrel is the subject of civil history. The conservative party established the reverend hierarchies and monarchies of the most ancient world. The battle of patrician and plebian, of parent state and colony, of old usage and accommodation to new facts, of the rich and , of the poor, reappears in all countries and times. The war rages not only in battlefields, in national councils, and ecclesiastical synods, but agitates every man’s bosom with opposing advantages every hour. On rolls the old world meantime, and now one, now the other gets the day, and still the fight renews itself as if for the first time, under new names and hot personalities.Such an irreconcilable antagonism, of course, must have a correspondent depth of seat in the human constitution. It is the opposition of Past and Future, of Memory and Hope, of the Understanding and Reason. It is the primal antagonism, the appearance in trifles of the two poles of nature.There is a fragment of old fable which seems somehow to have been dropped from the current mythologies, which may deserve attention, as it appears to relate to this subject.Saturn grew weary of sitting alone, or with none but the great Uranus or Heaven beholding him, and he created an oyster. Then he would act again, but he made nothing more, but went on creating the race of oysters. Then Uranus cried, “a new work, O Saturn! The old is not good again.”Saturn replied, “I fear. There is not only the alternative of making and not making, but also of unmaking. Seest thou the great sea, how it ebbs and flows? So is it with me; my power ebbs; and if I put forth my hands, I shall not do, but undo. Therefore I do what I have done; I hold what I have got; and so I resist Night and Chaos.”“O Saturn,” replied Uranus. “Thou canst not hold thine own, but by making more. Thy oysters are barnacles and cockles, and with the next flowing of the tide, they will be pebble and sea foam.”“I see,”rejoins Saturn, “thou art in league with Night, thou art become an evil eye: thou spakest from love; now thy words smite me with hatred. I appeal to Fate, must there not be rest?”---“I appeal to Fate also,” said Uranus, “must there not be motion?”--- But Saturn was silent and went on making oysters for a thousand years.After that the word of Uranus came into his mind like a ray of the sun, and he made Jupiter; and then he feared again; and nature froze, the things that were made went backward, and to save the world, Jupiter slew his father Saturn.This may stand for the earliest account of a conversation on politicsbetween a Conservative and a Radical, which has come down to us. It is ever thus. It is the counteraction of the centripetal and the centrifugal forces. Innovation is the salient energy; Conservatism the pause on the last movement. “That which is was made by God,” saith Conservatism. “He is leaving that, he is entering this other,” rejoins Innovation.There is always a certain meanness in the argument of conservatism, joined with a certain superiority in its fact. It affirms because it holds. Its fingers clutch the fact, and it will not open its eyes to see a better fact. The castle, which conservatism set to defend, is the actual state of things. Of course, conservatism always has the worst of the argument, is always apologizing, pleading a necessity, pleading that to change would be to deteriorate; it must saddle itself with the mountainous load of all the violence and vice of society, must deny the possibility of good, deny ideas, and suspect and stone the prophet; whilst innovation is always in the right, triumphant, attacking, and sure of final success. Conservatism stands on man’s incontestable limitations; reform on his indisputable infinitude; conservatism on circumstance; liberalism on power; one goes to make an adroit member of the social frame; the other to postpone all things to the man himself; conservatism is debonair and social; reform is individual and imperious. We are reformers in the spring and summer, in autumn and winter we stand by the old; reformers in the morning, conservers at night. Reform is affirmative, conservatism negative;conservatism goes for comfort, reform for truth. Conservatism is more candid to behold another’s worth; reform more disposed to maintain and increase its own. Conservatism makes no poetry, breathes no prayer, has no invention; it is all memory. Reform has no gratitude, no prudence, no husbandry. It makes a great difference to your figure and to your thought, whether your foot is advancing or receding. Conservatism never puts the foot forward; in the hour when it does that, it is not establishment, but reform. Conservatism tends to universal seeming and treachery, believes in a negative fate; believes that men’s temper governs them; that for me, it avails not to trust in principles; they will fail me; I must bend a little; it distrusts nature; it thinks there is a general law without a particular application, law for all that does not include any one. Reform in its antagonism inclines to asinine resistance, to kick with hoofs; it runs to egotism and bloated self-conceit; it runs to a bodiless pretension, to unnatural refining and elevation, which ends in hypocrisy and sensual reaction.And so whilst we do not go beyond general statements, it may be safely affirmed of these two metaphysical antagonists, that each is a good half, but an impossible whole. Each exposes the abuses of the other, but in a true society, in a true man, both must combine. Nature does not give the crown of its approbation, namely, beauty, to any action or emblem or actor but to one which combines both these elements; not to the rockwhich resists the waves from age to age, not to the wave which lashes incessantly the rock, but the superior beauty is with the oak which stands with its hundred arms against the storms of a century and grows every year like a sapling; or the river which ever flowing, yet is found in the same bed from age to age; or, greatest of all, the man who has subsisted for years amid the changes of the nature, yet has distanced himself, so that when you remember what he was, and see what he is, you say, what strides! What a disparity is there!(1,132 words)。
Unit 5 conservatives and liberals保守派和革新派Conservatives and LiberalsRalph Waldo Emerson1. The two parties which divide the state, the party of Conservative and that of innovation, are very old, and have disputed the possession of the world ever since it was made. This quarrel is the subject of civil history. The conservative party established the reverend hierarchies and monarchies of the most ancient world. The battle of patrician and plebian, of parent state and colony, of old usage and accommodation to new facts, of the rich and, of the poor, reappears in all countries and times. The war rages not only in battlefields, in national councils, and ecclesiastical synods, but agitates every man’s bosom with opposing advantages every hour. On rolls the old world meantime, and now one, now the other gets the day, and still the fight renews itself as if for the first time, under new names and hot personalities.这个国家存在着两个政党，保守党和革新党。
Unit 5 Conservatives and Liberals3. Text explanations1) Questions:(1) What are the major concerns of conservatism?According to the author, conservatism emphasizes tradition, authority, law and order, and the impossibility of achieving anything Utopian which romantics long for.(2) Do conservative and liberal ways of thinking invariably fall into two definitely different categories of thought patterns different people might have?No. They might coexist in one person at different stages of his life. Therefore, the author says, "We are reformers in spring and summer, in autumn and winter we stand by the old; reformers in the morning, conservers at night."(3) According to the author, will the so-called "irreconcilable antagonism" inevitably lead to disastrous consequences?Not necessarily so. As soon as people establish the idea in their mind that both elements should be combined, they might work out a way to strike a balance between the two. To realize that there exists the possibility of a solution and the necessity of mutual understanding may well be the first step people take on their long way to success.2) Text interpretationThis piece of analytic writing presents the readers with a sharp contrast between Conservatism and Liberalism, two most fundamental ways of thinking in human life. Being a great thinker and scholar, the author Ralph Waldo Emerson deals with the subject with penetrating insight and philosophical profundity. He not only outlines respectively the features of the two parties from a neutral stand, but also makes objective and dialectic comments on both. It is his sincere efforts that lead to his most enlightening conclusion: each is a good half but an impossible whole and in a true society, in a true man, both must combine.The whole piece can be divided into three parts. The first two paragraphs serve as the beginning, which points out the various forms as well as the nature of the antagonism of the two. Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 9is the middle part, which contains a fable that illustrates in a vivid way the different thinking modes of the two types of people. Paragraphs 10 and 11constitute the last part of the article. Paragraph 10 is the most exciting part of the article, which provides the readers with a careful analysis of the major differences between the two ways of thinking in a highly condensed manner. In it, the ideas are closely knit and well developed, and certain rhetorical devices such as metaphor and parallelism are properly applied, making the whole paragraph both eloquent and convincing. Paragraph 11 is the ending. It is characterized by the skillful use of analogy, which renders the author's idea both clear and artful. With the images of oak and river, Emerson succeeds in getting across to his readers the message that only when both the elements of conservatism and reform are combined can beauty, the crown of nature's approbation, be achieved.4. Structural AnalysisPart I (Paragraph 1-2) constitutes the beginning of the article, which offers the readers a roughdescription of the antagonism between the party of Conservatism and that of Innovation.The author also points out the essence of the antagonism, which is the reflection of the two poles of human nature. These two paragraphs fulfill the task of telling the readers the subject of the article.Part II ( Paragraphs3-9) contain "a fragment of old fable" which vividly and clearly illustrates the different ways of thinking of the two parties. Saturn's stands for the conservative way of thinking, characterized by its emphasis on maintaining the status quo, and Uranus' the liberal, characterized by its emphasis on hoping for a better future. The act of Jupiter's killing his father Saturn is of a typically radical style.QuestionWhat is such a fable intended for?The author's intention of telling the fable is to echo the statement in Paragraph 2 that theconflict between the conservative and the liberal can betraced back to ancient times even before human beings were created. Even thoseimmortal gods were also subject to these two opposing ways of dealing with things.Therefore we can see how prevalent and powerful the two opposites are.Part III (Paragraphs 10-11)The language adopted in Paragraph 10 is generally abstract and philosophical, while that in Paragraph 11 is vivid and literary. The alternative use of two different dictions shows the author's great skill in making his ideas clear, impressive and convincing. Paragraph 10 presents a sharp contrast between Conservatism and Reform.One thing the readers should pay great attention to is the author's attitude expressed between the lines. Since there have been many simplified, therefore dangerous, understandings towards these two concepts, it is quite difficult for the author to stick to a neutral stand. It is as if he were walking in a forest of misunderstanding, carefully evading the interference of wrong ideas and elbowing out a way to the other side where bright space awaits. The march is difficult, yet he manages to arrive at the destination.One of the features we can see very clearly in this paragraph is the power of his language.Compared with the power in Paragraph 10, the last paragraph is characterized by gentle emotion, just as the rainbow makes its appearance after a tempest. With the terse expression of philosophical ideas, a literary image emerges to serve as the conclusion as well as the epilogue of the article. It is this calm and translucent ending that saves the author from being an astute winner of a shallow quarrel, and makes him a humble but wise man gently telling a noble truth.Step III. Detail Study of the Text1. rage + v. to spread or prevail forcefully(p1)The plague raged for months.2.On rolls the old world meantime, and now one, now the other gets the day, and still the fightrenews itself as if for the first time, under new names and hot personalities. (p1)The old world goes on along with the war between the conservatives and the liberals, during which one party prevails over the other by alternation. The fight between the two parties goes on endlessly and fiercely, under different names in different times, and abusive language is used in the course to attack each other.personalities + n. (archaic) disparaging remarks about an individual3. Such an irreconcilable antagonism, of course, must have a correspondent depth of seat in the human constitution. (p2)The conflict between the two parties is so heated and deep-rooted that it has to be accounted for in terms of human nature.4. It is the primal antagonism, the appearance in trifles of the two poles of nature. (p2)It is the most important form of conflict. Though it takes the form of unimportant things, it reflects two opposing extremes in human nature.5. Thou canst not hold thine own, but by making more. (p6)Making more things of the same kind, you would not be able to maintain what you possess at present.6. There is always a certain meanness in the argument of conservatism, joined with a certain superiority in its fact. It affirms because it holds. (p10)Compared with the argument of Reform which tends to criticize the outdated and unreasonable things, the argument of Conservatism which tends to defend them is always placed at a disadvantage. However, in reality, it is often the Conservative force that takes a more advantageous position. The conservatives tend to assert a positive view of the present situation, because they strive to maintain the status quo.7. Conservatism stands on man's incontestable limitations; reform on his indisputable infinitude; conservatism on circumstance; liberalism on power; (p10)Conservatism refuses to change the current world drastically, so it would always take man's limitations in consciousness or his capability as its ground of argument for the impossibility of such a change, and would insist that the limitations are absolute and beyond any argument; while reform, with the purpose of changing the current situation completely, would emphasize man's infinitive power in creating miracles and deem such power as something beyond doubt. Also, in order to achieve their respective purposes mentioned above, conservatism would emphasize the objective difficulties, while reform would place stress on man's subjective power.8. ... one goes to make an adroit member of the social frame; the other to postpone all things to the man himself; (p10)Conservatism respects the current social frame and wants to develop a system of skills that may help people to adapt well to society; while liberalism deems human beings as the most important element of the social system and all other things should be adjusted to satisfy their need.9. ... conservatism is debonair and social; reform is individual and imperious. (p10) Conservatism is generally constructive, so it tends to maintain the current system as much as possible. Therefore, it would like to take lenient and inoffensive measures in dealing with social problems and would care more about the interests of society as a whole. Reform, at least at its beginning stage, is somewhat deconstructive, so it would easily ignore the stability of the whole system and cares more about the realization of individuals' intention. Accordingly, it would like to adopt drastic measures to change the current social system.10. Conservatism is more candid to behold another's worth; reform more disposed to maintain and increase its own. (p10)Conservatism, in its efforts to maintain the current social system, would be more likely to consider the worth of reform; while reform, more resolute and determined in achieving its own purpose, would be more likely to pay exclusive attention to its own worth or benefits.11. Conservatism makes no poetry, breathes no prayer, has no invention; it is all memory.Reform has no gratitude, no prudence, no husbandry. (p1o)Conservatism has no romantic prospect of the future and does not want to do anything creative to change the status quo, whereas Reform deems the status quo a world of the past. Since no benefit has ever been gained from such a world, Reform bears no gratitude to it and does not think it is worth careful maintaining and operating.12. It makes a great difference to your figure and to your thought, whether your foot is advancing or receding. (p10)Whether you take a conservative stand or a liberal one matters a lot to your social image and the way you think.13. Conservatism never puts the foot forward; in the hour when it does that, it is not establishment, but reform. (p10)It would never be possible for Conservatism to take radical measures. Should it ever do so, it would no longer be what it is, but rather, turn quickly into Reform, its opposite.establishment + n. something established, as an arranged order or system14. Conservatism tends to universal seeming and treachery, believes in a negative fate;What conservatism cares about is to keep the general appearance of society or maintain the existing framework. Drastic changes of form would undoubtedly meet with strong resistance. But this does not mean it would refuse to accept some mild revision. Therefore, it does not care to have some limited compromises which may cause inconsistency between the appearance and the substance. It believes that everything has been decided by fate, so it would do nothing positive to change the status quo.seeming + n. outward appearance; semblancetreachery + n. inconsistency15. ... it thinks there is a general law without a particular application, law for all that does not include any one. (p10)It believes that there can be a way to balance different benefits, yet no one will be satisfied by such an abstract and ideal law.16. Reform in its antagonism inclines to asinine resistance, to kick with hoofs; it runs to egotism and bloated self-conceit; it runs to a bodiless pretension, to unnatural refining and elevation, which ends in hypocrisy and sensual reaction. (p10)In this long formed pattern of antagonism, Reform would have a lot of chances to turn itself into a stupid bigotry, the content of which is to resist any ideas from the opposite party. Since it lays too much emphasis on the value of man or individual, it would easily go so far as to enter the territory of egoism and self-conceit. Sometimes its claims would become too ideal and empty, leaving no one to benefit substantially from it. Therefore, in the end, those high-sounding and apparently lofty words would be degraded into cheap and hollow slogans. If Reform goes to extremes, it would betray its intention and render itself hypocritical and unreasonable.17. And so whilst we do not go beyond general statements, it may be safely affirmed of these two metaphysical antagonists, that each is a good half, but an impossible whole. (p11)If we can define the claims of the two within the bounds of reason and do not let either one go to extremes, then we can safely draw the conclusion that Conservatives and Liberals, the two opposite parties at metaphysical level, have their respective rationality but neither should completely replace the other and become the only way of thinking for human beings.Step V. KEY TO EXERCISESText ComprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose.DII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. T. Refer to Paragraph 1.2. F. Refer to Paragraph 8. After that, the word of Uranus came into his mind like a ray of the sun, and he made Jupiter ...3. T. Refer to Paragraph 9.4. F. Refer to Paragraph 10. The castle, which conservatism is set to defend, is the actual state of things, good and bad.5. T. Refer to Paragraph 10.6. T. Refer to Paragraph 11.III. Answer the following questions.1. (Paragraphs 4 to 7) Saturn kept on performing the same action of making oysters while Uranus urged him to change and demanded a new work, which Saturn refused. The tenet of Saturn was to hold what he had got. Both of them appealed to Fate, but their appeals were different in that Saturn appealed for rest while Uranus appealed for motion.2. (Paragraphs 4 to 7) Saturn had a fear of unmaking, or undoing what he had done. Even if the impulse of doing something new gave him some ideas of very inspiring prospects, his fear overcame his positive impulse. That is the kind of fear characteristic of conservatives.3. (Paragraph 9) Conservatives believe that the existent world, whether good or bad, was created by God, and the duty of human beings is to uphold His creation. On the other hand, liberals argue that God has left the old world and adopted the new world, and it is His will to change.4. (Paragraph 10) Conservatives have the worst of the argument, as they are always on the defensive, trying to defend the actual and the existent and denying the possibility of the good and the future. For the purpose of maintaining the current state of things, they have to accommodate all the violence and vice of society, which liberals are able to attack in a triumphant way.5. (Paragraph 11) Emerson believes that a true society demands combination of the elements, in particular advantages, of both conservatives and liberals, and that a true man changes with the time although he may not necessarily commit himself to the changes.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1. The argument of conservatism has a certain disadvantage but it is also advantageous over liberals for it depends on the actual state of things.2. Conservatives do not have a romantic vision, or request for the better, or the urge to be creative. What they tend to do is to maintain the status quo. On the other hand, liberals are not satisfied with the status quo, so they won't treat things with caution to keep them intact, or make efforts to conserve the resources or assets already existent.3. It is certain that conservatives and liberals, representing two opposite ideals, have their respective advantages, but they both are limited in some way.Text appreciation .1) It is the counteraction of the centripetal and the centrifugal forces. (Paragraph 9)2) The castle, which conservatism is set to defend, is the actual state of things, good and bad. The project of innovation is the best possible state of things. (Paragraph 10)3) We are reformers in spring and summer, in autumn and winter we stand by the old; reformers in the morning, conservers at night. (Paragraph 10)Language workI. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1. spreads or prevails forcefullybenefits or profits; gains2. wins; prevails3. be equally deep-rooted in human nature4. depends onstate or quality of being unlimited5. pays attention to6. the best it has to offerII. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.1. A2. C3. B4. B5. C6. A7. D8. D9. A 10. DIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. ragefully2. incontestable3. emblematic4. irreconcilably5. hierarchized6. unseemly7. treacherous8. MountaineeringV.改错1.Nationally---internationally2.^as..such3.\for4.does---done5.^other..than6.that---what7.few-fewer8.\the9.amount---number10.\inTransitionThe former are complacent with the established hierarchies while the latter strive for a new cosmos order which they believe will be superior to the previous one. /They each give priorities to totally different things. The former emphasize brilliant past glories while the latter are chiefly concerned about the rosy future. / The former based their views on man’s inco ntestable limitations while the latter stand on his indisputable infinitude of possibilities in improving and perfecting themselves./ If the former go too far, they may display some nostalgia for a largely nonexistent past, which may handicap the pursuit of a still better future./ If the latter goes too far, they tend to cherish some dreams too romantic to be practical./ If human life consists of spring, summer, autumn and winter, we are inclined to be liberals in spring and summer, but there is every likelihood that we may turn ourselves into conservatives by degrees in autumn and winter./ For example, the famous modernist poet Elliot explored in his early poetry various aspects of decay of civilization in the modern Western world, but he attached much importance to stability and order in his later works.。
UNIT11. Their sloppiness is merely the unfortunate consequence of their extreme moral rectitude.Paraphrase: Sloppy people are unfortunately biased by other people because they have absolute moral righteousness and correctness.Translation:马虎之人仅仅是由于他们具有极高的道德正义性，因而不幸地遭受到他人的偏颇。
(by 张津瑞）Para. 32. Sloppy people live in Never-Never Land. Someday is their métier.Paraphrase: Sloppy people who escape from the reality, are preoccupied with unrealistic beliefs, and they always place their hopes on someday that will never come. (by 盛佳美）Translation: 邋遢的人生活在幻想的世界里，把希望寄托在不会到来的某一天上是他们的专长。
(by 杨柳）3. Someday they will go through their wardrobes and mark certain items for...passing on to relatives of similar shape and size.Paraphrase: Someday they will look for their wardrobes and mark certain clothes which will be mended and which will be given to relatives who have the similar figures to theirs.Translation: 某一天他们会翻箱倒柜，为需要修补的衣服做上标记，以及挑出衣物送给和他们的身材差不多的亲戚。
综合教程第1册Unit 1I. DictationThroughout history / the basic unit of almost every human society / has been the family. / Members of the family live together / under the same roof. / They share the economic burdens of life / as well as its joys. / The family head usually has considerable influence / in arranging marriages, / selecting careers / and determining all important moves and purchases / by any member of the family. / Particularly in conditions / where society or the state / does not give aid / and the responsibilities of the family are greater, / this large group / provides better protection / in times of economic or other emergency.Unit 2Children learn almost nothing from television, / and the more they watch, / the less they remember. / They regard television purely as entertainment, / resent programs that make demands on them / and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. / Far from being over-excited by programs, / they are mildly bored with the whole thing. / These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. / Its author confirms / that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. / The study suggests / that there is little point in the television company’s attempts / to isolate adult viewing in the later hours. / More than a third of the children regularly watched their programs after 9 p.m. / All 11-year-olds had watched programs after midnight.Unit 3:I. DictationMother's Day is celebrated / on the second Sunday in May. / On this occasion, / Mother usually receives greeting cards and gifts / from her husband and children. / For most mothers, / the rarest and best gift / is a day of rest. / Often, / families honor Mother / by taking her out for dinner. / In some households / the husband and children / take over meal preparations / so that Mom can spend a whole day / away from the kitchen. / Serving her breakfast in bed / is another family ritual. / Later in the day, / parents may take their children / to visit their grandparents. / Flowers are an important part of the day. / Mothers are often given corsages / for the occasion, / particularly if they are elderly.Unit 4DictationIn order to learn to be one’s true self, / it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge / of what has been said and done in the world; / critically to inquire into it; / carefully to consider it; / clearly to analyze it; / and earnestly to carry it out.It matters not what you learn, / but when you once learn a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have thoroughly understood it. / It matters not what you try to think of, / but when you once try to think of a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have done it thoroughly and well.If another man succeeds by one effort, / you will use a hundred efforts. / If another man succeeds by ten efforts, / you will use a thousand.Unit 5:In order to learn to be one’s true self, / it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge / of what has been said and done in the world; / critically to inquire into it; / carefully to consider it; / clearly to analyze it; / and earnestly to carry it out.It matters not what you learn, / but when you once learn a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have thoroughly understood it. / It matters not what you try to think of, / but when you once try to think of a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have done it thoroughly and well.If another man succeeds by one effort, / you will use a hundred efforts. / If another man succeeds by ten efforts, /you will use a thousand.Unit 6About this time / I found out the use of a key. / One morning I locked my mother up in the pantry, / where she was obliged to remain three hours. / She kept knocking on the door, / while I sat outside on the porch steps and laughed. / This naughty behavior of mine / convinced my parents / that I must be taught as soon as possible. / After my teacher came to me, / I sought an early opportunity / to lock her up in her room. / I could not be induced to tell / where the key was. / My father had to get a ladder / and take the teacher out through the window. / Months after, / I produced the key.Unit 7:Our boat floated on, / between walls of forest. / Nowhere did we find a place / where we could have landed. / In any case, / what would we have got by landing? / The country was full of snakes / and other dangerous animals, / and the forest was so thick / that one would be able to advance only slowly, / cutting one’s way with knives the whole day. / We live on fish, / caught with a homemade net of string, / and any fruit and nuts / we could pick up out of the water. / As we had no fire, / we had to eat everything uncooked, / including the fish. / As for water, / there was a choice: / we could drink the muddy river water, / or die of thirst.Unit 8I believe my father is a talented man. / He is decisive and efficient in doing things. / By his own talents and efforts, / he has secured for the family a good social position / and a comparatively rich life. / People of all fields come to my house, / and from them I have gained lots of valuable social experience / and seen a lot of joys and sorrows of the world. /But at home he is a harsh parent. / He has high expectations of me. / When I am idling away my time, / I can see that it hurts him deeply. / When I am doing something great, / such as writing a book, / he is more than excited. / With such a father, / I always remind myself that I must go on and on, never give up.Unit 9It’s that time of the year again, / when the entertainment world gets excited about the Oscars / and the madness that surrounds Hollywood’s biggest night of the year. / Everybody has an opinion / on which film should take home the Best Picture Prize / and who should walk away with the statuette for Best Actor and Best Actress. / But it’s only after the ceremony is over / that the real analysis begins. / People commented on the acceptance speeches, / rate the host on his or her performance, / and examine all attendee closely, / from their hairstyle right down to their socks.Unit 10It is simple enough to say / that since books have classes / -fiction, biography, poetry / -we should separate them / and take from each what it is right / that each should give us. / Yet few people ask from books / what books can give us. / Most commonly we come to books / with blurred and divided minds, / asking of fiction that it shall be true, / of poetry that it shall be false, / of biography that it shall be flattering, / of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. / If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, / that would be an admirable beginning. / Do not dictate to your author: / try to become him. / Be his fellow-worker and accomplice.Unit 11After the war our church was in a very bad condition. / So we decided to build a modern one / at the top of a hill outside our town. / We raised a lot of money and bought all the necessary materials. / We built the walls of stone and glass, / and the heavy doors of wood and metal. / It was one of the most attractive buildings in town / when it was completed. / From the top of the church there is a wonderful view. / You can see the entire town and countryside / for miles around. / People from all parts of the country / come and visit the church every day.Unit 12A major topic of sociolinguistics / is the connection, if any, / between the structures, vocabularies, / and ways of using particular languages / and the social roles of the men and women / who speak these languages. / Do the men and women who speak a particular language / use it in different ways? / If they do, / do these differences arise from the structure of that language, / or alternately, / do any differences that exist / simply reflect the ways / in which the sexes relate to each other in that society, / whatever the reason? / These issues have generated / a considerable amount of thought and discussion / in the last decades of the twentieth century.Unit 13For a lot of people, / the word “failure” carries with it / a feeling of coming to an end, / but for the successful leader, / failure is a beginning, / a seed of hope. / Leaders don’t allow themselves / to be held prisoner by the fear of failure. / They don’t even use the word ”failure,”. / instead they rely on words like “false start, / never failure.”/ The lesson understood by captains of industry / is that failure equals learning. / While we can’t say that they exactly welcome failure, / they are uniform in their ability to profit from it. / They use the healthy energy coming from failure / to reach higher goals. / Almost every “false step” is regarded as an opportunity / and not as the end of the world.Unit 14Broadly speaking, / the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person / who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well. / In the presence of strangers or foreigners / he often seems shy, / even embarrassed. / You have only to witness a commuter train any morning or evening / to see the truth of this. / Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers / or dozing in a corner; / no one speaks. / In fact, / to do so would seem most unusual. / An English wit, / pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, / once suggested, / “On entering a railway compartment / shake hands with all the passengers.” / Needless to say, / he was not being serious. / There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior / which, if broken, / makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.。
第一单元1. I haven't seen it myself, but it is supposed to be a really good movie. (suppose)2. The hostess cut the cheese into bite-size pieces.3. No one can function properly if they are deprived of adequate sleep. (deprive)4. He carefully copied my pretense that nothing unusual had occurred. (copy)5. It was scorching outside; all the tourists escaped into the fan-cooled hut.6. I've come to see his fabled footwork that people talk so much about.7. I'm not a teacher proper, since I haven't been trained, but I've had a lot of teaching experience.8. Students tend to anticipate what questions they will be asked on the examination.如果美国对此时此刻的迫切性视而不见，低估黑人的决心，那么这对美国的命运将是休戚相关的。
自由平等、令人心旷神怡的秋天遥遥无期，黑人正当愤怒的闷热夏季就不会消失。
1963年并不是终结，而是开端。
只要黑人得不到公民权益，美国就不可能有安宁和稳定。
反抗的旋风会继续撼动这个国家的根基，直到正义光明的日子的来临。
第二单元1 .Nowadays, some parents are hard on their sons and daughters, asking them to learn English, to learn to play the piano, to learn painting, and to learn many things. (be hard on)2. He is determined to give up gambling, so when he sees his former gambling friends, he is more than eager to disassociate. (disassociate oneself from)3. The reporters received a stern warning not to go to the earthquake-stricken area without official permission.4. Life is tough for parents whose kids fail to keep up in school.5. The suspect considered sneaking away, but his family managed to dissuade him.6. The cables are all bright yellow to prevent pedestrians from tripping over them. (trip over)7. Infuriated by the decision, he threw up his arms in exasperation.8. The paint on the door of this old house has been blotched and striped by years of weathering. (blotch)第三单元1. My daughter started jumping up and down with rage when she heard she couldn't go.2. The party was in full tide when the police burst in.3. Helen reached out and took a glass from the cupboard. (reach out)4. Parents are more toleran t of children in public places than at home.5. The discussion threw up a lot of interesting ideas. (throw up)6. It isn't polite to poke fun at your colleagues in public.7. This room could do with a good cleaning for distinguished guests. (do with st)8. The fashion festival passed off peacefully, despite all sorts of fears the local government had. (pass off)每天下午都有一队年迈的妇女在我屋前的马路上走过，每个人都背着一担柴火。
Unit1The Fourth of JulyThe first time I went to Washington . was on the edge of the summer when I was supposed tostop being a child. At least that’s what they said to us all at graduation from the eighth grade. Mysister Phyllis graduated at th e same time from high school. I don’t know what she was supposed tostop being. But as graduation presents for us both, the whole family took a Forth of July trip to Washington ., the fabled and famous capital of our country.我第一次到华盛顿的时候是初夏那时我想我不应该再当一个孩子。
至少这是他们在八年级的毕业典礼上对我们说的。
我的姐姐菲利斯在同一时间从高中毕业。
我不知道她应该不再当一个什么。
但当作是送给我们俩的毕业礼物,我们全家在国庆日前往华盛顿旅游,那是传奇而著名的我国首都。
It was the first time I’d ever been on a railroad train during the day. When I was little, and we used to go to the Connecticut shore, we always went at night on the milk train, because it was cheaper.这是我第一次真正意义上在白天时乘坐火车。
