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第25讲虚拟语气目录01 考情透视·目标导航∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙102 知识导图·思维引航∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙203 考点突破·考法探究∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3考点一if引导的虚拟语气条件句知识点1 if引导的虚拟语气典型用法∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3知识点2 虚拟语气的省略和倒装∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙4知识点3 错综虚拟语气∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙4知识点4 含蓄虚拟语气∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙5考点二虚拟语气用于名词性从句知识点1 虚拟语气用于宾语从句∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙6知识点2 虚拟语气用于表语、同位语从句∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙7知识点3 虚拟语气用于主语从句∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙7考点三虚拟语气用于状语从句知识点1 as if/though、even if/though引导的虚拟语气∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙9知识点2 虚拟语气用于if only句型∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙9考点四虚拟语气的其它句式∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙10 04真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙112.命题演练∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙13考点一 if 引导的虚拟语气虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.构成：虚拟语气是以“(should+动词原形”的形式来呈现2.虚拟语气常用于表示提议，命令，要求，意愿，决定等意义的动词后面的宾语从句中，常用“should+动词原形”，should常被省略。
常见的这类动词有suggest(表建“建议”才用虚拟语气，如suggest当“表明，暗示，透露”讲时，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气), decide, require, demand, propose, insist(坚持自己做不用虚拟语气), order, prefer, ask, direct, move，desire, request, beg, vote.He insisted that we (should) attend the meeting.The teacher ordered that all the students be here on time.The doctor required that the patient (should) give up smoking.The boss demanded that all the staff (should) spare no effort to (不遗余力做)work for the company.3.虚拟语气常用于含有important, necessary, natural, strange, essential等形容词的主语从句中。
It is necessary that every school-age child (should) attend school.It is strange that he (should) be absent.4.虚拟语气常用于含有suggestion, idea, advice, proposal等名词的补语从句中。
His suggestion is that we(should) hold a meeting to discuss the matter immediately.The expert’s proposal is that the experiment (should) be put off5.虚拟语气用于wish（但愿，……就好了）后面的宾语从句中表示同时的情况：主语+动词过去式（be动词用were）表示先于的情况：主语+had+过去分词表示将来的情况：主语+would (could) +动词原形I wish that he weren’t so lazy.He wished that he were a teacher.I wish that he had not made so much fuss(不必要的麻烦) about it。
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中从句主句与现实事实相反一般过去式（be--were）Should/would/could/might + V原与过去事实相反Had + done Should/would/could/might +have done与将来事实相反过去式；should+V 原；were to + V原Should/would/could/might + V原1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.例句：If there were no subjunctive mood, English ( ) much easier to learn. （B）A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
课程导学重 难 点 聚 焦山 东 省 威 海 市 苏 永 兰两名 种词 虚性 拟从 语句 气中 的虚拟语气是高中英语学习的一个重要内容和教学难点， 它会以不同的形式出现在我 们的试卷中： 语法填空 、 短文改错 、 翻译以及阅读文章等 。
笔者通过自己多年的教学实 践， 对名词性从句中的两种虚拟语气进行了梳理和总结， 希望能为同学们的学习提供一些 帮助。
一 、wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。
根 wish宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气， 据时间的不同， 谓语动词的形式分为三种情况。
（一 ） 表示与现在事实相反的愿望： did/were 1.I wish I were with my parents now. 我希望我现在跟父母在一起。
2.I wish I knew how to deal with such kind of thing. 真希望我知道该如何处理这种事情。
3.I wish the moon were shinning at the moment. 但愿此刻有月亮。
（二 ） 表示将来的愿望： would/should/could/might do 1.I wish he would try again.２０１６．１０９ １重 难 点 聚 焦课程导学我希望他再试一次。
2.I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有点用处。
3.He wished she might do better next time. 他希望她下次能做得更好。
4.I wish very much you could manage to come over. 我非常希望你能设法来一下。
（三 ） 对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时： had done或would/could have done 1.I wish you had come to our New Year’ s party.我真希望你来参加了我们的新年聚会。
1. 通过本课的学习，能够全面掌握名词性从句中虚拟语气的基本用法。
2. 通过本课的学习，能够初步了解虚拟语气在不同类型名词性从句中的具体用法。
重点：掌握与坚持、命令、建议、要求四类词相关名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法。
难点：wish宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。
近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考查主要集中在语法填空和书面表达中，语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中多次出现对虚拟语气的考查，考查难度不大。
一、主语从句中的虚拟语气：1. It is／was + 形容词+ that从句当形容词为important, necessary，strange，natural，appropriate, proper, right, desirable, essential, surprising, unthinkable等或名词短语a good idea时。
2. It is／was + a pity / a shame / a surprise / no wonder + that从句3. It is demanded / suggested / ordered / required / ….that-clause注意：这种主语从句由连词that引导，虚拟语气为“（should）动词原形”。
其中should可省略。
should 常译成“应该、必须、竟然”。
It is important and necessary that we (should) master a foreign language.精通一门外语对我们来说是重要而且必要的。
It is proper that an independent inquiry (should) take place.进行独立调查很合适。
It is strange that he (should) refuse your help.他竟然拒绝你的帮助真是奇怪。
It is surprising that you (should) not understand me!你竟然不理解我，真令人吃惊！It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.你竟然错过一个好机会真是遗憾。
1. 通过本课的学习，能够全面掌握名词性从句中虚拟语气的基本用法。
2. 通过本课的学习，能够初步了解虚拟语气在不同类型名词性从句中的具体用法。
重点：掌握与坚持、命令、建议、要求四类词相关名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法。
难点：wish宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。
近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考查主要集中在语法填空和书面表达中，语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中多次出现对虚拟语气的考查，考查难度不大。
一、主语从句中的虚拟语气：1. It is／was + 形容词+ that从句当形容词为important, necessary，strange，natural，appropriate, proper, right, desirable, essential, surprising, unthinkable等或名词短语a good idea时。
2. It is／was + a pity / a shame / a surprise / no wonder + that从句3. It is demanded / suggested / ordered / required / ….that-clause注意：这种主语从句由连词that引导，虚拟语气为“（should）动词原形”。
其中should可省略。
should 常译成“应该、必须、竟然”。
It is important and necessary that we (should) master a foreign language.精通一门外语对我们来说是重要而且必要的。
It is proper that an independent inquiry (should) take place.进行独立调查很合适。
It is strange that he (should) refuse your help.他竟然拒绝你的帮助真是奇怪。
It is surprising that you (should) not understand me!你竟然不理解我，真令人吃惊！It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.你竟然错过一个好机会真是遗憾。
It is suggested that he (should) not spend too much time watching TV.有人建议他不应该花太多时间看电视。
It is proposed that the plan (should) be delayed.有人建议推迟这项计划。
—Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country.—Who is Yang Liwei?—What a question! It is surprising ________ the first spaceman in China.A. you didn’t know our national heroB. to you not to know himC. you should know nothing aboutD. you knew nothing about答案：C思路分析：在it is surprising后的that从句中，谓语要用“should +动词原形”，其中should 含“竟然”之意，是最佳答案。
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气：1. wish后宾语从句须用虚拟语气：⑴表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语须用过去式（were）；⑵表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语须用had+过去分词；⑶表示将来没有把握或者不大可能实现的愿望，从句谓语须用would / could / might+动词原形。
2. 与坚持、命令、建议及要求四类词相关的宾语从句中需要用（should）+动词原形的虚拟语气。
这四类词包括⑴一个坚持：insist；⑵两个命令：order，command；⑶三个建议：advise，suggest，propose；⑷四个要求：demand，request，require，desire / ask。
I wish (that) I could fly freely in the sky.我希望我们能够在天空中自由飞翔。
I wish I had seen you at the party yesterday.我真希望在昨天的宴会上见到你。
I wish I would have another chance next year.我希望下一年还有机会。
He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.他命令学生们每周自己洗衣服。
The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.医生建议她立刻手术。
（should省略后，she后会紧接着have，这是正确的）Mr. Li required the computer equipment referred ________ used in every classroom.A. should beB. have to beC. to beD. to being答案：C思路分析：句中referred to是过去分词短语，作the computer equipment 的定语，意为“被提到的计算机设备”；在表示“要求”的require, request, ask, demand等动词后的宾语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”，所以从句的谓语动词是be used，省略了should。
三、表语从句中的虚拟语气：1. 在名词“suggestion, proposal, idea, plan，order, advice, desire, requirement, request, command, decision, recommendation等”作主语时后面的表语从句中，用“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略。
2. as if ( as though)引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气。
My advice is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.我的建议是我们应该让更多的人参加会议。
My demand is that she (should) come to see me once a week.我的要求是她应该一周来看我一次。
It seems as if the meeting would never end.看来会议没完没了。
（与将来相反）It seems as though he had been there many times.好像他已经去过那里好多次了。
（与过去事实相反）It seems as if nobody knew what happened.好像没有人知道发生了什么事。
What the customers _________ from the company is that the goods _________ right to their homes.A. requested, deliverB. demand, be deliveredC. request, should deliverD. demand, delivered答案：B思路分析：从is可知what从句中的谓语动词request或demand用一般现在时，表示一般状况；而动词request / remand有关的表语从句用虚拟语气：（should）+动词原形。
第二空动词deliver与主语the goods是被动关系，省略should后，填be delivered。
四、同位语从句中的虚拟语气：与表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”的动词相对应的名词构成的同位语从句中常用（should）+do结构。
The requirement that students (should) learn to protect themselves is successfully carried out in most schools.学生必须学会保护自己，这一要求在大多数学校都能顺利实施。
I made a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.我提议我们应该下周开个会。
He made the demand that all the students (should) go home at once.他作出要求，所有学生要立刻回家。
You’d better follow my advice that he English hard with the help of his mother.A. studiesB. studiedC. studyD. must study答案：C思路分析：本题考查虚拟语气，在advice等词后跟的同位语从句中需要（should）+动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。
因此选择C选项。
1. Jane’s face suggested that she ________ ill, and her parents suggested that she________ a medical examination.A. be; should haveB. was; haveC. should be; hadD. was; has2. How I wish every family ________ a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules.A. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obey4. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _______ right away.A. would be arrestedB. must be arrestedC. be arrestedD. had to be arrested5.Robert wishes that he __________ business instead of history when he was in university.A. studiesB. studiedC. has studiedD. had studied6. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of good to her.A. takesB. must takeC. takeD. took答案：BBBCDC思路分析：1. 第一个suggest意为“表明”，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，谓语用was；第二个suggest 表示“建议”，宾语从句用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
