上海市浦东新区区2017-2018学年度高三第一学期期末质量监控英语试卷第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.C. He failed to get to the airport.D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneu（r创业者）. She won the2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence,21recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitementinternationally 22 their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight 23 （power） by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski’s goal was 24 （o ffer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school 25 she couldn’t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doing science projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side 26 （heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED lightfor 20 minutes, 27 （use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“S tart now. There 28 be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’ 29 may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do 30 you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was foundto be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 a nd affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.facial They found that when a human was not watching the animal,they39 expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”she said.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being 41 with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but 42 all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the43 I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation( 烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more44 than the whistle gave me pleasure.45 , this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was 46 to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too muchfor the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and 47 the actionsof men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who 48 every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship,___49__gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.”When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but_____devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing51 for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I saw someone fond of 52 who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his 53 , and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” 54 , the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a(n) 55 value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustration D. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extraSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder ”in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C.The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including: target audiencebrand namessloganspictures and colourspecial offers/couponsemotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social class and interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sports cars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year-old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and are intended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier.Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is also bound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition, puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste. AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create aview of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour.Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid. Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for ?What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold, blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receive another one free or half price. These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyalty to an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal to your emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60. What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellow.61. Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B. We do, we said.（HENNESSY）C. M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D. Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62. According to the passage, to reta.n the regular customers, advertising companies tend to.A. impress them with colorful picturesB. use promotional strategiesC. change slogans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all agedbetween five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts betweenteeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teethscored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D.Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B. Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields of research in the world today.C.When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and work wonders.E.Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many other fields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancer cells.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the“science fact”o f today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic V oyag（e《神奇旅程》）. In the film, a man with very important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into the man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.67Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as“quanturn dots（量子点）”，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. 68 Upon finding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.69 We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you can turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. 70 .Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Ⅳ. Surmmary Writing（10 分）Directions：R ead the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）第Ⅱ卷Ⅴ. Translation（15 分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。
上海市浦东区2017-2018学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening Comprehension (25%)最新试卷十年寒窗苦，踏上高考路，心态放平和，信心要十足，面对考试卷，下笔如有神，短信送祝福，愿你能高中，马到功自成，金榜定题名。
Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Sorry. B. Annoyed.C. Excited.D. Puzzled.2. A. An accountant. B. A surgeon.C. An artist.D. A scientist.3. A. 2000 yuan. B.3200 yuan.C.1200 yuan.D.3600 yuan.4. A. On a plane. B. In a physical medical room.C. In a boat.D. In a school rest room.5. A. A job. B. An article.C. A book.D. An author.6. A. Twins. B. Classmates.C. Friends.D. Cousins.7. A. Give his ankle a good rest. B. Treat his injury immediately.C. Continue his regular exercises.D. Be careful when climbing steps.8. A. Go on a diving tour in Europe. B. Add 300 dollars to his budget.C. Travel overseas on his own.D. Join a package tour to Mexico.9. A. In case some problems should occur. B. In case they should be late.C. To avoid more work later on.D. To make better preparations.10. A. The rock band needs more hours of practice.B. The rock band is going to play here for a month.C. Their hard work has resulted in a big success.D. He appreciates the woman’s help with the band.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questionson each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Its strong education system. B. Its population.C. Its growing tourism industry.D. Its bilingual signs.12. A. All citizens receive quality English teaching.B. More money should be spent on teacher training.C. An English-speaking environment should be built.D. Tourism industry should be promoted.13. A. The foreign investment will increase.B. It will bring the economic and social benefits.C. The education system will be strengthened.ranking in English level.D. It will improve Singapore’ｓQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.13. A. He shopped for groceries.B. He took care of his sick parent.C. He cared for his younger brother.D. He made important family decisions.15. A. It may help children grow up quickly.B. It may force children to sacrifice their childhoods.s responsibility into a delight.C. It will turn children’D. It will make children more isolated and confused.16. A. Children getting satisfaction from helping others.B. Children taking on adult responsibility.C. Frustration and stress caused to children by parents.D. The environment for children’s better growth.Section CDirections: In Section C，you will hear a conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Tour guide. B. Editor.C. Journalist.D. Typist.18. A. Some newly discovered scenic spot.B. Big changes in the Amazon valley.C. A new railway under construction.D. The beautiful Amazon rain forests.19. A. In news weeklies.B. In newspapers’ Sunday editions.C. In a local evening paper.D. In overseas edition of U.S. magazines.20. A. To become a professional writer.B. To get her life story published soon.C. To be employed by a newspaper.D. To sell her articles to a news service.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I can still remember the afternoon when we climbed the mountain as if it were yesterday.It was a sunny day. Eager to spend some time outside, I went up the mountain with my uncle.The mountain was hard (21) ________(climb) and had tough rocks and streams on it. In the end,(22) ________ (exhaust) and hot, I couldn’t go any further. So we went back down the mountainin the end.On the way back down, my uncle asked me a question, (23) _____ left me speechless for ayoung lady?‖second: ―What’s your dream,r a while. Then he smiled and told me ―I have no idea,‖ I answered (24) _____thinking it foabout his story. He didn’t perform well at school when he was a student.Although nobody thoughthe could succeed, he knew clearly (25) ______his dream was-----to be a businessman. ―I knew Iwasn’t gifted when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a market and sell them afterclass,‖ he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to find out which one wasmost attractive to customers. Of course, he often had no money in his pocket, but (26) ______tough life was, he never gave up.―There is no doubt that a person who puts in a great deal of effort to reach his or her goal willhave good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to chase your dream,‖ he said gently.That night I (27) ______ hardly fall asleep. I lay in bed tossing and turning, asking myself,―What’s my motivation?‖ I once wanted to be a top student, but the hard work needed meant (28) _____ (put)everything into following my passion. If I find myself lacking willpower, what should I do?Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the mountain again by (29) _____. It made methink: If we don’t experience the climb, how can we get to see the scenery on the top of the mountain? In the end, I reached the top and (30) ______ (fascinate) by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more pleasant than that.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use onlyonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. quicklyB. analyzeC. programmedD. adoptionE. boredomF. unaccompaniedG. dramaticH. transformI. distractedJ. peacefullyK. prospectImagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be liketo be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place.In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Balllooks at the __31__of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are ―autonomous‖ or self-driving.It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might think.-Ball says. He ―Autonomous vehicles have the potential to __32__ travel behavior,‖ Millarduses game theory to __33__ the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with afocus on yielding at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to act with impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate ashift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the__34__ of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows themdown in urban traffic.Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, ―Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,‖ even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are theodds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street __35__, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded offagainst the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested inrunning them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be __36__, or drunk.Self-driving cars are __37__ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestriansto cross. They could provide the most __38__ transformation in urban transportation systems.Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding __39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.―From the point of view of a passe nger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a-Ball writes.street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,‖ MillardAlternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial(无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful norinvasive very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain’s plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrialnists.wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportu The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature —to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an。
1.一. 单词拼写。
2.[ʃu:t] v.投篮, 射击, 发射3.['stəʊn] n.石头4.[wi:k] adj.虚弱的, 柔弱的5.[ɡɒd] n.上帝, 神6.[rɪ'maɪnd] v.提醒, 使想起7.[bɪt] n.一点，小块8.有点儿, 稍微9.代替, 反而10.['ɒbdʒɪkt]n.物体, 目标, 物品11.变成12.[haɪd] v.躲藏, 隐藏13.[teil] n.尾巴14.['mædʒɪk] n.魔法, 巫术15.[stɪk] n.& v.棍, 棒；刺, 戳, 插16.[ɪk'saɪt] v.使激动, 使兴奋17.['westən] adj.西方的，欧美的18.从前19.['stepsɪstə(r)] n.继姐（妹）20.[prɪns] n.王子21.爱上, 喜欢上22.[fɪt] v.适合, 合身23.['kʌpl] n.（尤指）夫妻, 两人24.[smaɪl] n.& v.微笑25.['mæri] v.与某人结婚26.结婚27.[ɡəʊld] n.黄金, 金币28.['empərə] n.皇帝29.[sɪlk] n.丝绸30.['ʌndəwɛə] n.内衣31.['nəʊbədi] pron.无人,没有任何人,谁也不32.['stju:pɪd] adj.& n.愚蠢的,傻的；傻子33.['sɪlɪ] adj.& n.愚昧的；傻子, 蠢货34.[tʃi:t] v.欺骗, 愚弄35.['stepmʌðə(r)] n.继母36.[waɪf] n.妻子37.['hʌzbənd] n.丈夫38.[həul] adj.全部的, 整体的39.[si:n] n.舞台, （戏剧）场景40.['mu:nlaɪt] n.月光41.[ʃaɪn] v.照耀, 发光42.[braɪt] adj.& adv.明亮的,发亮的；明亮地43.[graʊnd] n.地面44.[li:d] n.& v.领导, 主角；带路45.[vɔis] n.嗓音46.[breiv] adj.勇敢的47.[skweə(r)] n.平方, 正方形48.['mi:tə] n.米49.[di:p] adj.深的50.['dezət] n.沙漠51.['eɪʒə] n.亚洲52.（可以）随便（做某事)53.[tuə] n.旅行, 观光54.[wɔ:l] n.墙55.[ə'meɪzɪŋ] adj.令人惊异的56.[prə'tekt] v.保护57.['eɪnʃənt] adj.古代的, 古老的58.[waɪd] adj.宽的，广阔的59.就我所知60.[ə'tʃi:v] v.完成, 实现61.[θɪk] adj.厚的, 浓的62.[ɪn'klu:d] v.包括，包含63.['fri:zɪŋ] adj.极冷的, 冷冻的64.吸入, 吞入65.[kən'dɪʃn] n.条件，状况66.面对（问题, 困难）67.['neɪtʃə(r)] n.自然界, 大自然68.[fɔ:s] n.力，力量69.即使, 虽然70.['əʊʃn] n.海洋71.['sentɪ'mi:tə] n.厘米72.太平洋73.[bɜ:θ] n.出生, 诞生74.出生时75.到达（某数量, 程度）, 不多于76.[wei] v.称…重量77.[ ə'dʌlt] n.成年人78.[bæm'bu:] n.竹子79.[rɪ'sɜ:tʃ] n.& v.研究, 调查80.[ə'weɪk] adj.醒着81.['ki:pə(r)] n.饲养员，保管人82.绊倒83.[ɪk'saɪtmənt] n.激动, 兴奋84.走路时撞到85.['ɪlnəs] n.疾病, 生病86.大约87.[waɪld] adj.野性的, 野生的88.[weɪl] n.鲸89.[prə'tekʃn] n.保护, 保卫90.['gʌvənmənt] n.政府91.[hju:dʒ] adj.巨大的, 极多的92.['dɪnəstɪ] n.朝代, 王朝93.[beɪs] n.基础, 基地94.[﹑pɔpju'leiʃən] n.人口(数量）,全体居民95.[rɪ'meɪnɪŋ] adj.遗留的, 剩余的96.['ɑ:twə:k] n.艺术品, 插图, 图片97.[ɪn'deɪndʒəd] adj.有危险的, 濒临灭绝的, 濒危的98.[ə'tʃi:vmənt] n.成就, 成绩99.[saʊθ'westən] adj.西南的,西南方向的100.[sək'si:d] v.成功, 实现目标, 完成101.['tʃælɪndʒɪŋ] n.& v.挑战, 考验102.['treʒə] n.财宝, 财富103.['aɪlənd] n.岛屿104.满是…的, （有）丰富的105.['klæsɪk] n.经典著作, 名著106.[peɪdʒ] n.（书或纸张的）页, 面, 张107.['hʌrɪ] v.匆忙，赶快108.赶快, 急忙（做某事）109.[dju:] adj.预期的, 到期的110.[ʃɪp] n.船111.[tu:l] n.工具112.[ɡʌn] n.炮, 枪113.[mɑ:k] n.& v.分数, 记号；作标记[sænd] n.沙滩, 沙['kænɪbl] n.& adj.食人肉者；114.同类相残的, 凶残的115.[tə'wɔ:dz] prep.向着, 朝着, 对于,关于116.[lænd] n.& v.陆地, 大地, 国土；着陆117.['fɪkʃn] n.小说，虚构，编造118.科幻小说119.[tek'nɒlədʒɪ] n.科技, 工艺120.[frentʃ] n.& adj.法语, 法国人（的）121.[pɒp] n.流行音乐122.[rɑk] n.岩石, 摇滚乐123.[bænd] n.乐队124.乡村音乐125.[fər'evə(r)] adv.永远126.[ə'brɔ:d] adv.在国外, 到国外127.['æktʃʊəli] adv.真实地,实际上,说实在的128.自从129.[fʌn] n.乐趣130.['sʌðən] adj.南方的131.['mɔdən] adj.现代的, 现代化的132.[sək'ses] n.成功133.[bi'lɔŋ] v.属于134.互相135.['lɑ:ftə(r)] n.笑, 笑声136.['bju:ti] n.美丽, 美好的事物137.['miljən] num.百万138.['rekɔ:d] n.& v.记录, 唱片；录制, 录音[﹑ɪntrə'dju:s] v.介绍, 传入, 引进[lain] n.排，队，列二. 短语翻译。
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2017～2018学年度人教版八年级第二学期期末测试语文试题[含答案]一、基础（24分）1．根据课文默写古诗文。
（10分）(1)此地一为别，___________。
___________，落日故人情。
(李白《送友人》)(2分)(2)微君之故，___________？(《式微》)(1分)(3)呜呼！______________________，______________________!(杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》)(2分)(4)怒而飞，_______________。
(《北冥有鱼》)(2分)(5)(5)城阙辅三秦，风烟望五津。
___________，___________。
___________，___________。
无为在歧路，儿女共沾巾。
(王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》)(4分)2．根据拼音写出相应的词语（4分）(1)fǔ kàn( )脚下峡谷，只见其间一股清流急湍。
(2)岩层的年龄为6500万年，因此可以zhuī sù( )到恐龙灭绝的年代。
(3)(3)当它jiá rán ér zhǐ( )的时候，世界出奇地寂静……(4)此刻倒霉迹象jiē zhǒng ér zhì( )，频频小震酝酿着某一两次大地震。
3．3.下列句子中加点的词语使用不恰当的一项是( )(3分)A.我们对来宾要热情接待，千万不能怠慢。
B.他为人处事十分洒脱，即使在生人面前也从不拘束。
C.她看过配料单后，自行换了一些配料如法炮制出这道菜。
D.桂林山水甲天下，真是名副其实，让人叹为观止。
4．4.下列对病句的修改不正确的一项是( )(3分)A.“黑匣子”可以记录飞行速度、飞行方位、飞行高度、飞行航向和飞行数据等，作用很大。
(将“飞行数据”前面的“和”改为“等”，后面的“等”删掉)B.为了大家有一个干净卫生的环境，环卫工人们冒着酷暑严寒打扫和清洁各条街道。
(把“打扫和”或“和清洁”删去一个)C.广州供电局重点推动和解决城中村用电不安全、电力不足、服务不周等问题。
