英语阅读基本功—长难句过关之分隔结构

考研英语长难句结构拆分技巧考研英语长难句结构拆分技巧一、从状语等修饰语的角度出题考研英语阅读的文章句子一般较长，出题人往往只从句子当中的某一个成分处设题，特别是定语成分和状语成分。

例如：Still，Jefferson freed Hemings‘s children —though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington，who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier，such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.40. Washington‘s decision to free slaves originated from his[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.【解析】题干问的是华盛顿给奴隶自由的决定是源于什么，也就是问原因，显然我们需要找原因状语的分。

文中最后一段的“Washington，who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.”明确指出是因为：after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，华盛顿才做了这个决定，所以答案选[B]“军事经历”。

英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析(8)分隔结构含有分隔结构得复杂句通常是指那些句子结构主谓、谓宾、宾补之间存在着其他成分。

而有时这些介入成分又较长，从而使本来应该紧联在一起得句子成分被分隔开了。

另外还有一种分隔结构是同位语和定语同它们所修饰得成分分隔，由于作同位语和作定语得句子太长，而后面得部分又太短，为了保证全句意思表达得完整性常常把同位语或定语放到句子最后，形成分隔得结构。

一般来说分隔结构本身不难辨认，但当句子较长，成分较多，被分隔得部分又相距较远时就容易造成理解障碍，而且常常被分隔得成分又恰恰是句子得主干。

因此准确判断分隔结构，理顺句子主干就成了理解这类句子得关键。

ExerciseIt’s an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes.While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.要点分析和参考译文要点：“an activity”及”not something”在句中作并列表语。

介词短语”like helping…” 与“that” 从句共同作定语，修饰”something”，此定语被that ”从句分割”。

英语阅读理解长难句分析技巧指南英语长句和难句一般结构复杂，逻辑层次多；并列成分和插入成分多；修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长；各种从句多，并且从句与从句之间的关系复杂；省略和倒装经常出现；由于结构的需要，常见的搭配常常会颠倒或提前等等。

长难句分析方法指南英语句子无论多么复杂，它们都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手段连接起来的。

所以，在理解英语句子的时候，理解并且拆分句子的语法结构和逻辑结构就自然而然成为了我们解题的突破口。

怎么拆分呢？我们可以把主句和从句拆分出来，即找出全句的主语，谓语和宾语；找出句中所有的谓语结构，非谓语结构，介词短语和从句的引导词；分析各从句的作用以及它们之间的关系。

说的具体一点，可以寻找下面一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分，进而更加有效地理解英语原文。

长难句分析注意事项在分析句子成分时，还应该特别注意下列几点：1 是否有同位语和插入语。

2 是否有省略，倒装和分隔等现象。

3 替代词的所指对象。

4 判断并列成分的层次。

通常起承上启下的作用，不要将5 并列连词and, or, but, for它们归入后文的句法分析。

6 在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。

7 非谓语动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。

8 在有多个的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词，短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。

长难句分析实例1. Decision-thinking is unlike poker---it often matters not only what you think, b ut also w hat others t hink you think and what you think they think you think.分析：这句话不长，但是由于有多个从句，并且还有省略，所以难度很大。

破折号把这个长句分成为两个句子，前边是简单句，其中not unlike构成双重否定表肯定；后面的是复合句，进一步说明前面的内容。

第五章分词和从句分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)和分词短语在英语中使⽤⾮常普遍，在句⼦中可以充当补语,定语,状语等成分。

在成分复杂的句⼦中，有时分词的出现易同谓语动词的被动式或者进⾏时搞混，造成句⼦主⼲的判断错误。

带有⾃⼰主语的分词独⽴结构由于同⾮限制性定语从句和插⼊语⼀样需要逗号同句⼦的其他成分分开，因此常会误认为是⾮限制性定语或插⼊语。

有些从句，尤其是定语从句，其形式变化很多，在句⼦中也易同其他句⼦成分混淆。

ExerciseFacing the Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, and most of the city is built on islands.He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain , ill-fitting suit, never moving,his dusty face masking his age.After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.要点: Facing the Atlantic为现在分词短语,在句中做⽅式状语.译⽂:它濒临⼤西洋,位于美国东北海岸线上,城市的⼤部分建在海岛上.要点:" dressed in ..., never moving, his dusty face...".为句⼦的三个伴随状语。

第⼀个状语为过去分词，第⼆个为现在分词，第三个为独⽴主格结构。

译⽂：他坐在他们前⾯⼀动不动，穿着⼀套不合⾝的便服，风尘满⾯，让⼈看不出他的年纪。

要点："another decade lived or endured"是独⽴结构，作⾏为⽅式状语，lived和endured是过去分词。

中考英语阅读理解分析长难句技巧总结
1.逐词理解：将长句按照词语的顺序逐一理解，弄清楚每个词的意思
和词语之间的关系。

2.抓住主语、谓语、宾语：找到句子的主干部分，即主语、谓语和宾
语所在的位置，从而确定句子的基本意思。

3. 掌握连词的作用：长句中通常会出现各种连词，如and、but、so、because等，要明确连词的作用，从而理解句子之间的逻辑关系。

4.标点符号的作用：注意长句中的标点符号的用法，如逗号、分号、
冒号等，这些标点符号可以帮助我们判断句子的结构和意义。

5.利用上下文推测意义：如果单凭自己理解句子的意思困难，可以通
过上下文来推测句子的意义，寻找相关信息。

6.切忌直译：长句往往结构复杂，直接按照中文的语序进行翻译可能
会造成错误理解，要学会根据英文句子的结构和语法来理解句子的意义。

通过不断的练习，加上对语法和词汇的积累，掌握这些技巧后，就可
以更好地应对中考英语阅读理解中的长难句了。

雅思阅读之长难句分析方法和技巧
雅思阅读中的长难句分析是提高阅读理解能力的重要一环。

长难句通常包含多个从句、修饰语和短语，使得句子结构复杂且难以理解。

1.确定句子主干
首先找到句子的主谓宾结构，即主语、谓语和宾语。

这有助于理解句子的主要内容和意图。

2.识别从句
长难句中通常包含多个从句，如名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。

识别从句并理解其作用有助于理解整个句子的意思。

3.理解修饰语
长难句中经常使用定语、状语、同位语等修饰语来扩展句子或解释主语、谓语或宾语。

理解这些修饰语的意思和作用有助于更好地理解句子。

4.注意标点符号
标点符号在长难句中具有重要作用。

逗号、分号和冒号等标点符号可以分隔句子成分，使句子更易于理解。

5.翻译句子
尝试将句子翻译成中文，以便更好地理解其意思。

翻译可以帮助你理解句子中的词汇、短语和从句的逻辑关系。

6.练习分析
通过大量的练习和分析，逐渐提高对长难句的理解能力。

可以多读一些英文文章，尤其是新闻、学术论文等不同类型的文本，以接触不同类型的长难句。

7.寻求帮助
如果你在分析长难句时遇到困难，可以向老师、同学或使用在线资源寻求帮助。

他们可以提供解释、翻译或指出错误，帮助你更好地理解句子。

总之，雅思阅读长难句分析需要练习和耐心。

通过掌握方法和技巧，逐渐提高对长难句的理解能力，从而在雅思阅读考试中取得更好的成绩。

备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧01 长难句的分析与理解【技巧释义】高考阅读理解的文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子，增加了句子的长度和难度，干扰了学生正常的阅读速度和思维方式。

一、长难句的常见形式1.复合句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。

其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。

主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。

而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。

应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。

I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the last times when we have to “fall back”.分析此句的主语为I，谓语是urge, so that引导的结果状语从句。

在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。

2.分隔结构高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。

此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。

“The results are pretty exciting—strong levels of reductions—but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas w here the reductions are not as great.” said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw.提醒分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。

Understanding IELTS Grammar---Solution to Long & Complicated Sentences●长难句成因：“树形结构”：•修饰成分纷繁复杂•主从句交织•特殊句式●Strategies for Long & Complicated Sentences:一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句2.定语从句3.状语从句4.多重复合句二、特殊结构句式解析1. 分隔结构2. 倒装结构3. 强调结构4. 双重或者多重否定5. 比较结构一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句1.1 主语从句•Looking at the picture makes him experience a severe attack of nostalgia.•For her, a woman, to defy her husband’s order would be considered audacious at her time.•What bothers me about this point of view is that it implies that human beings, in somedeep sense, are not part of nature.•That he is in love with her is no longer a secret.主语从句解读方法：●●主语从句引导词：Practice:（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4）Who the watch belongs to is unknown.（5）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（6）What caused the accident remains unknown.（7）What we need is time.（8）What we need are good doctors.（9）Whatever you did is right.Example 1：That the nineteenth– century French novelist Balzac could be financially wise in his fiction while losing all his money in his life was an irony which was duplicated in other matters.Example 2:That such radical adaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active rather than programmed and static.Example 3:However, it can not be denied that it was Smith who introduced such a target for later novelists.Further Practice:1. It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair weather.2. It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question.3. It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.4. It is probable that he has known everything.5. It appeared that he had a taste for music.6. It made us very happy that she was saved7. It remains unknown when they are going to get married.8. It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.9. It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.1.2. 宾语从句（object clause）引导词：Example 1：A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Example 2：Yet new findings in neuroscience suggest that the brain retains its ability to reorganize itself in response to experience or injury throughout life: after the loss of sensory input from an amputated limb, for example, adults are able to learn new motor skills effectively.Example 3：Art historian Kenneth Clarke, for example, writing in 1973, could not accept that the Mona Lisa was famous for reasons other than its inner qualities.Example 4:The study on rats, kittens, and mice may, for instance, provide a physiological explanation for why infant animals employ in their play the same kinds of behavior that they will later use as adults.1.3 表语从句引导词：who, how, when, as, whetherExample：The key issue in judging overpopulation is not how many people can fit into any given space but whether Earth can supply the population’s long-term requirement for food, water, and other resources.Practice:The miracle is how they all cooperate, and are integrated together, in the creation ofa self.1.4 同位语从句Example:He was surprised at the fact that he had passed the IELTS examination.先行词：破解关键：Example 1：There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them all in the end.Example 2:The belief that it is harmful to the black community for authors to explore the humanity of our leaders can have troubling effects.Example 3:【剑3】In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions.Example 4:【剑3】This attitude altered with the realization that marginal communities can survive and adapt in spite of partial integration in to a notoriously fickle worldeconomy.Practices：I take further comfort in the fact that human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during the 5000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statue of Anne, the world’s first modern copyright law, passed the British parliament.According to James, a child’s first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. [剑9]2.定语从句引导词：Which:Like the slaves, women took literally the preamble of the Declaration of Independence, which states that all men are created equal.Libraries made education possible，and education in its turn added to libraries；the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law，which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.That:With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem that cannot be solved in a few hours.O ften, the children’s disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. [剑9]There is something, they argue, inside the painting that speaks to us all, that unleashes feelings, emotion, and recognition.关系代词that的省略：Because the potential talent John has is obvious, he is going to be elected as the president.Another powerful source of information for infants about the effects they can have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them.Who:The student who is answering the question is John.The person who was here yesterday is a musician.Whom:In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.Whose:Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.关系副词:When:She will never forget the day when she got married.Where:One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.Why:Give me one reason why we should help you.复杂定语从句：介词/介词短语+引导词This is the desk on which I found my book.The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home. His book vividly illustrates the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion the forces of industrialization and urbanization.We are not conscious of the extent to which work provide the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.【剑5】This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology—to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behavior.【剑8】Perhaps for us today, two of the most significant aspects of most of these studies of genius are the frequency with which early encouragement and teaching by parents and tutors had beneficial effects on the intellectual, artistic or musical development of the children but caused great difficulties of adjustment later in their lives, and the frequency with which abilities went unrecognized by teachers and schools.【剑8】The ease with which truly great ideas are accepted and taken for granted fails to lessen their significance.3.状语从句关联词：破解关键：When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.I’m not living where I was.Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.Take your coat in case it rains.He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam.He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.4.多重复合句However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants’ developing understanding that movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people. [剑9]Since both rapid and light rail have electric engines, pollution is measured not from the motor exhaust but from the power plant generating electricity, which is usually located outside the city, where air quality problems are less serious.二、特殊结构句式1.分隔结构处理原则：Example:In relationships of mutual dependence, such as between labour and management or within an organization or a family, the question (of who is more powerful) turns on who is less dependent on the other.In developing countries, where at least 10 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people by the end of this decade, failing to give priority to public transport would be disastrous.It will take years for whites—including those who think of themselves as liberals—to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have.Thirdly, the waste radioactive material, including not only the uranium but also water and even the clothes used by power station personnel, must be disposed of.A cousin of the tenacious Asian longhorned beetle—which since its initial discovery in 1996 in New York City has caused tens of millions of dollars in damage annually – ,the citrus longhorned beetle, was discovered on a juniper bush in August 2001 in Tukwila, Washington.Generations of teachers have assigned Thoreau’s book Walden (1854), which recounts his experiment in living in solitary harmony with nature, as an illustration of the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion into pastoral harmony of the forces of industrialization and urbanization.Practices:Yet Linnaeus himself would probably have been the first to admit that classification is only a tool, and not the ultimate purpose, of biological inquiry.Like Douglass, who invoked the rhetoric of male individualism to encourage identification with his narrative, she had to make her readers take the oppression of slave women personally, to see it as a threat to their own sense of themselves as women.2. 倒装结构(1). Only+状语位于句首Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a mother.(2). 以never, little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等词引导的句子。