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米什金货币金融学英文版习题答案chapter14英文习题Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, 11e, Global Edition (Mishkin) Chapter 14 Central Banks: A Global Perspective14.1 Origins of the Federal Reserve System1) The First Bank of the United StatesA) was disbanded in 1811 when its charter was not renewed.B) had its charter renewal vetoed in 1832.C) was fundamental in helping the Federal Government finance the War of 1812.D) None of the above.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) The Second Bank of the United StatesA) was disbanded in 1811 when its charter was not renewed.B) had its charter renewal vetoed in 1832.C) is considered to be the primary cause of the bank panic of 1907.D) None of the above.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) The public's fear of centralized power and distrust of moneyed interests led to the demise of the first two experiments in central banking, otherwise known asA) the First Bank of the United States and the Second Bank of the United States.B) the First Bank of the United States and the Central Bank of the United States.C) the First Central Bank of the United States and the SecondCentral Bank of the United States.D) the First Bank of North America and the Second Bank of North America.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) The financial panic of 1907 resulted in such widespread bank failures and substantial losses to depositors that the American public finally became convinced thatA) the First Bank of the United States had failed to serve as a lender of last resort.B) the Second Bank of the United States had failed to serve as a lender of last resort.C) the Federal Reserve System had failed to serve as a lender of last resort.D) a central bank was needed to prevent future panics.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking5) What makes the Federal Reserve so unique compared to other central banks around the world is itsA) centralized structure.B) decentralized structure.C) regulatory functions.D) monetary policy functions.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking14.2 Structure of the Federal Reserve System1) Which of the following is NOT an entity of the Federal Reserve System?A) Federal Reserve BanksB) the Comptroller of the CurrencyC) the Board of GovernorsD) the Federal Open Market CommitteeAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) Which of the following is an entity of the Federal Reserve System?A) the U.S. Treasury SecretaryB) the FOMCC) the Comptroller of the CurrencyD) the FDICAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) The three largest Federal Reserve banks (New York, Chicago, and San Francisco) combined hold more than ________ percent of the assets of the Federal Reserve System.A) 25B) 33C) 50D) 67Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking4) The Federal Reserve Banks are ________ institutions since they are owned by the ________.A) quasi-public; private commercial banks in the district where the Reserve Bank is locatedB) public; private commercial banks in the district where the Reserve Bank is locatedC) quasi-public; Board of GovernorsD) public; Board of GovernorsAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking5) Each Federal Reserve bank has nine directors. Of these ________ are appointed by the member banks and ________ are appointed by the Board of Governors.A) three; sixB) four; fiveC) five; fourD) six; threeAnswer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking6) The nine directors of the Federal Reserve Banks are split into three categories: ________ are professional bankers, ________ are leaders from industry, and ________ are to represent the public interest and are not allowed to be officers, employees, or stockholders of banks.A) 5; 2; 2B) 2; 5; 2C) 4; 2; 3D) 3; 3; 3Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking7) Member commercial banks have purchased stock in their district Fed banks; the dividend paid by that stock is limited by law to ________ percent annually.A) fourB) fiveC) sixD) eightAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking8) The Federal Reserve Bank of ________ houses the open market desk.A) BostonB) New YorkC) ChicagoD) San FranciscoAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking9) The president from which Federal Reserve Bank always hasa vote in the Federal Open Market Committee?A) PhiladelphiaB) BostonC) San FranciscoD) New YorkAnswer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking10) An important function of the regional Federal Reserve Banks isA) setting reserve requirements.B) clearing checks.C) determining monetary policy.D) setting margin requirements.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking11) Which of the following functions is NOT performed by any of the twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks?A) check clearingB) conducting economic researchC) setting interest rates payable on time depositsD) issuing new currencyAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking12) All ________ are required to be members of the Fed.A) state chartered banksB) national banks chartered by the Office of the Comptroller of the CurrencyC) banks with assets less than $100 millionD) banks with assets less than $500 millionAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking13) Of all commercial banks, about ________ belong to the Federal Reserve System.A) 10%B) one halfC) one thirdD) 90%Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking14) Prior to 1980, member banks left the Federal Reserve System due toA) the high cost of discount loans.B) the high cost of required reserves.C) a desire to avoid interest rate regulations.D) a desire to avoid credit controls.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking15) The Fed's support of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 stemmed in part from itsA) concern over declining Fed membership.B) belief that all banking regulations should be eliminated.C) belief that interest rate ceilings were too high.D) belief that depositors had to become more knowledgeable of banking operations. Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking16) Banks subject to reserve requirements set by the Federal Reserve System includeA) only nationally chartered banks.B) only banks with assets less than $100 million.C) only banks with assets less than $500 million.D) all banks whether or not they are members of the Federal Reserve System.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking17) The Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980A) established higher reserve requirements for nonmember than for member banks.B) established higher reserve requirements for member than for nonmember banks.C) abolished reserve requirements.D) established uniform reserve requirements for all banks.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking18) There are ________ members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.A) 5B) 7C) 12D) 19Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking19) Members of the Board of Governors areA) chosen by the Federal Reserve Bank presidents.B) appointed by the newly elected president of the United States, as are cabinet positions.C) appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate.D) never allowed to serve more than 7-year terms.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking20) Each governor on the Board of Governors can serveA) only one nonrenewable fourteen-year term.B) one full nonrenewable fourteen-year term plus part of another term.C) only one nonrenewable eight-year term.D) one full nonrenewable eight-year term plus part of another term.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking21) The Chairman of the Board of Governors is chosen from among the seven governors and serves a ________, renewable term.A) one-yearB) two-yearC) four-yearD) eight-yearAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking22) While the discount rate is "established" by the regionalFederal Reserve Banks, in truth, the rate is determined byA) Congress.B) the president of the United States.C) the Senate.D) the Board of Governors.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking23) Which of the followings is a duty of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System?A) setting margin requirements, the fraction of the purchase price of the securities that has to be paid for with cashB) setting the maximum interest rates payable on certain types of time deposits under Regulation QC) regulating credit with the approval of the president under the Credit Control Act of 1969D) All governors advise the president of the United States on economic policy.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking24) Which of the followings is NOT a current duty of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System?A) setting margin requirements, the fraction of the purchase price of the securities that has to be paid for with cashB) setting the maximum interest rates payable on certain types of time deposits under Regulation QC) approving the discount rate "established" by the Federal Reserve banksD) voting on the conduct of open market operationsAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking25) The Federal Open Market Committee usually meets ________ times a year.A) fourB) sixC) eightD) twelveAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking26) The Federal Reserve entity that makes decisions regarding the conduct of open market operations is theA) Board of Governors.B) chairman of the Board of Governors.C) Federal Open Market Committee.D) Open Market Advisory CouncilAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking27) The Federal Open Market Committee consists of theA) five senior members of the seven-member Board of Governors.B) seven members of the Board of Governors and seven presidents of the regional Fed banks.C) seven members of the Board of Governors and five presidents of the regional Fed banks.D) twelve regional Fed bank presidents and the chairman of the Board of Governors. Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking28) The majority of members of the Federal Open Market Committee areA) Federal Reserve Bank presidents.B) members of the Federal Advisory Council.C) presidents of member banks.D) the seven members of the Board of Governors.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking29) Each Fed bank president attends FOMC meetings; although only ________ Fed bank presidents vote on policy, all ________ provide input.A) three; tenB) five; tenC) three; twelveD) five; twelveAnswer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking30) Although reserve requirements and the discount rate are not actually set by the ________, decisions concerning these policy tools are effectively made there.A) Federal Reserve Bank of New YorkB) Board of GovernorsC) Federal Open Market CommitteeD) Federal Reserve BanksAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking31) The research document given to the Federal Open Market Committee that contains information on the state of the economy in each Federal Reserve district is called theA) beige book.B) green book.C) blue book.D) black book.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking32) The teal book is the Fed research document containingA) the forecast of national economic variables for the next three years.B) forecasts of the money aggregates conditional on different monetary policy stances.C) information on the state of the economy in each Federal Reserve district.D) both A and B.E) A, B and C.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking33) The Federal Open Market Committee's "balance of risks" is an assessment of whether, in the future, its primary concern will beA) higher exchange rates or higher unemployment.B) higher inflation or a stronger economy.C) higher inflation or a weaker economy.D) lower inflation or a stronger economy.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking34) Subject to the approval of the Board of Governors, the decision of choosing the president ofa district Federal Reserve Bank is made byA) all nine district bank directors.B) the six district bank directors elected by the member banks.C) three district bank directors who are professional bankers.D) district bank directors who are not professional bankers.E) class A and class B directors.Answer: DAACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning abilities35) Why does the Federal Reserve Bank of New York play a special role within the Federal Reserve System?Answer: The New York district contains the largest banks in the country. The New York Fed supervises and examines these banks to insure their soundness and the safety of the nation's financial system. The New York Fed conducts open market operations and foreign exchange transactions for the Fed and Treasury. The New York Fed belongs to the Bank for International Settlements, so its president and the chairman of the Board of Governors represent the U.S. at the monthly meetings of the world's central banks. The New York Fed president is the only president of a regional Fed who is a permanent voting member of the FOMC.AACSB: Reflective Thinking36) Who are the voting members of the Federal Open Market Committee and why is this committee important? Where does the power lie within this committee?Answer: The FOMC determines the monetary policy of the United States through its decisions about open market operations. It also effectively determines the discount rate and reserve requirements. The seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the New York Fed, and four of the other eleven regional bank presidents are voting members on a rotating basis. Within the FOMC, the chairman of the Board of Governors wields the power.AACSB: Reflective Thinking14.3 How Independent is the Fed?1) Instrument independence is the ability of ________ to setmonetary policy ________.A) the central bank; goalsB) Congress; goalsC) Congress; instrumentsD) the central bank; instrumentsAnswer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) The ability of a central bank to set monetary policy instruments isA) political independence.B) goal independence.C) policy independence.D) instrument independence.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) Goal independence is the ability of ________ to set monetary policy ________.A) the central bank; goalsB) Congress; goalsC) Congress; instrumentsD) the central bank; instrumentsAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) The ability of a central bank to set monetary policy goals isA) political independence.B) goal independence.C) policy independence.D) instrument independence.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking5) Members of Congress are able to influence monetary policy, albeit indirectly, through their ability toA) withhold appropriations from the Board of Governors.B) withhold appropriations from the Federal Open Market Committee.C) propose legislation that would force the Fed to submit budget requests to Congress, as must other government agencies.D) instruct the General Accounting Office to audit the foreign exchange market functions of the Federal Reserve.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking6) Explain two concepts of central bank independence. Is the Fed politically independent? Why do economists think central bank independence is important?Answer: Instrument independence is the ability of the central bank to set its instruments, and goal independence is the ability of a central bank to set its goals. The Fed enjoys both types of independence. The Fed is largely independent of political pressure due to its earnings and the conditions of appointment of the Board of Governors and its chairman. However, some political pressure can be applied through the threat or enactment of legislation affecting the Fed. Independence is important because there is some evidence that independent central banks pursue lower rates of inflation without harming overall economic performance.AACSB: Reflective Thinking14.4 Should the Fed be Independent?1) The case for Federal Reserve independence does NOTinclude the idea thatA) political pressure would impart an inflationary bias to monetary policy.B) a politically insulated Fed would be more concerned with long-run objectives and thus be a defender of a sound dollar and a stable price level.C) policy is always performed better by an elite group such as the Fed.D) a Federal Reserve under the control of Congress or the president might make the so-called political business cycle more pronounced.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) The political business cycle refers to the phenomenon that just before elections, politicians enact ________ policies. After the elections, the bad effects of these policies (for example, ________ ) have to be counteracted with ________ policies.A) expansionary; higher unemployment; contractionaryB) expansionary; a higher inflation rate; contractionaryC) contractionary; higher unemployment; expansionaryD) contractionary; a higher inflation rate; expansionaryAnswer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking3) The strongest argument for an independent Federal Reserve rests on the view that subjecting the Fed to more political pressures would impartA) an inflationary bias to monetary policy.B) a deflationary bias to monetary policy.C) a disinflationary bias to monetary policy.D) a countercyclical bias to monetary policy.Answer: AAACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning abilities4) Critics of the current system of Fed independence contend thatA) the current system is undemocratic.B) voters have too much say about monetary policy.C) the president has too much control over monetary policy on a day-to-day basis.D) the Board of Governors is held responsible for policy missteps.Answer: AAACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments5) Recent research indicates that inflation performance (low inflation) has been found to be best in countries withA) the most independent central banks.B) political control of monetary policy.C) money financing of budget deficits.D) a policy of always keeping interest rates low.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking6) Make the case for and against an independent Federal Reserve.Answer: Case for: 1. An independent Federal Reserve can shield the economy from the political business cycle, and it will be less likely to have an inflationary bias to monetary policy.2. Control of the money supply is too important to leave to inexperienced politicians.Case against: 1. It is undemocratic to have monetary policy be controlled by a small number of individuals that are not accountable. 2. In the past, an independent Fed has not used itsfreedom wisely. 3. Its independence may encourage it to pursue its own self-interest rather than the public's interest.AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning abilities14.5 Explaining Central Bank Behavior1) The theory of bureaucratic behavior suggests that the objective of a bureaucracy is to maximizeA) the public's welfare.B) profits.C) its own welfare.D) conflict with the executive and legislative branches of government.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) The theory of bureaucratic behavior when applied to the Fed helps to explain why the FedA) was supportive of congressional attempts to limit the central bank's autonomy.B) was so secretive about the conduct of future monetary policy.C) sought less control over banks in the 1980s.D) was willing to take on powerful groups that may threaten its autonomy.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) What is the theory of bureaucratic behavior and how can it be used to explain the behavior of the Federal Reserve?Answer: The theory of bureaucratic behavior concludes that the main objective of any bureaucracy is to maximize its own welfare, which is related to power and prestige. This can explain why the Federal Reserve has defended its autonomy, avoidsconflict with Congress and the president, and its push to gain more control over banks.AACSB: Analytical Thinking14.6 Structure and Independence of the European Central Bank1) Under the European System of Central Banks, the Executive Board is similar in structure to the ________ of the Federal Reserve System.A) Board of GovernorsB) Federal Open Market CommitteeC) Federal Reserve BanksD) Federal Advisory CouncilAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) Under the European System of Central Banks, the Governing Council is similar in structure to the ________ of the Federal Reserve System.A) Board of GovernorsB) Federal Open Market CommitteeC) Federal Reserve BanksD) Federal Advisory CouncilAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) Under the European System of Central Banks, the National Central Banks have the same role as the ________ of the Federal Reserve System.A) Board of GovernorsB) Federal Open Market CommitteeC) Federal Reserve BanksD) Federal Advisory CouncilAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) Members of the Executive Board of the European System of Central Banks are appointed to ________ year, nonrenewable terms.A) fourB) eightC) tenD) fourteenAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking5) Which of the following statements comparing the European System of Central Banks and the Federal Reserve System is TRUE?A) The budgets of the Federal Reserve Banks are controlled by the Board of Governors, while the National Central Banks control their own budgets and the budget of the European Central Bank.B) The European Central Bank has similar power over the National Central Banks when compared to the level of power the Board of Governors has over the Federal Reserve Banks. C) Just like the Federal Reserve System, monetary operations are centralized in the European System of Central Banks with the European Central Bank.D) The European Central Bank's involvement in supervision and regulation of financial institutions is comparable to the Board of Governors' involvement.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking6) The Governing Council usually meets ________ times a year.A) fourB) sixC) eightD) twelveAnswer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking7) In the Governing Council, the decision of what policy to implement is made byA) majority vote of the Executive Board members.B) majority vote of the heads of the National Banks.C) consensus.D) majority vote of all members of the Governing Council.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking8) The central bank which is generally regarded as the most independent in the world because its charter cannot be changed by legislation is theA) Bank of England.B) Bank of Canada.C) European Central Bank.D) Bank of Japan.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking9) Explain the similarities and differences between the European System of Central Banks andthe Federal Reserve System.Answer: The similarities between the two are in their structure. The National Central Banks of the member countries of the Eurosystem have the same role as the Federal Reserve Banks in the Federal Reserve System. The Executive Board and theGoverning Council of the Eurosystem resemble the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve System, respectively. There are three major differences between the two. The first difference is concerning the control of the budgets. In the Fed, the Board of Governors controls the budgets of the Reserve Banks while in the Eurosystem, the National Banks control the budget of the European Central Bank. The second difference is the monetary operations of the Eurosystem are conducted by the National Banks, so they are not as centralized as the monetary operations in the Federal Reserve System. Finally, the European Central Bank is not involved in the supervision and regulation of the financial institutions in the euro zone while the Federal Reserve is involved with the regulation and supervision of the financial institutions in the United States.AACSB: Reflective Thinking14.7 Structure and Independence of Other Foreign Central Banks1) On paper, the Bank of Canada has ________ instrument independence and ________ goal independence when compared to the Federal Reserve System.A) less; lessB) less; moreC) more; lessD) more; moreAnswer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) The oldest central bank, having been founded in 1694, is theA) Bank of England.B) Deutsche Bundesbank.C) Bank of Japan.D) Federal Reserve System.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) While legislation enacted in 1998 granted the Bank of Japan new powers and greater autonomy, its critics contend that its independence isA) limited by the Ministry of Finance's veto power over a portion of its budget.B) too great because it need not pursue a policy of price stability even if that is the popular will of the people.C) too great since the Ministry of Finance no longer has veto power over the bank's budget.D) limited since the Ministry of Finance can dismiss senior bank officials.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) Regarding central bank independenceA) the Fed is more independent than the European Central Bank.B) the European Central Bank is more independent than the Fed.C) the trend in industrialized nations has been to reduce central bank independence.D) the Bank of England has the longest tradition of independence of any central bank in the world.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking5) The trend in recent years is that more and moregovernmentsA) have been granting greater independence to their central banks.B) have been reducing the independence of their central banks to make them more accountable for poor economic performance.C) have mandated that their central banks focus on controlling inflation.D) have required their central banks to cooperate more with their Ministers of Finance. Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking6) Which of the following statements about central bank structure and independence is TRUE?A) In recent years, with the exception of the Bank of England and the Bank of Japan, most countries have reduced the independence of their central banks, subjecting them to greater democratic control.B) Before the Bank of England was granted greater independence, the Federal Reserve was the most independent of the world's central banks.C) Both theory and experience suggest that more independent central banks produce better monetary policy.D) While the European Central Bank is independent, it is not as independent as the Federal Reserve.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking。
第十四章开放经济的均衡一、填空1.服务贸易收益项目2.复式簿记净误差与遗漏3.自主性交易调节性交易4.贸易差额经常项目差额国际收支总差额5.经济周期调整汇率/本币升值或贬值6.国际间的利率差7.国内资金的需要偿还外债的能力8.外汇储备政策宣示效应9.扩大总需求扩大总供给10.财政收支银行信贷收支二、判断1.对2.对3.错4.错5.对6.对7.错8.对 9.错 10.对 11.对 12.对 13.错 14.对三、单选1.D2.C3.A4.B5.B四、多选1.ABC2.ABCD3.BC4.ABCD5.ACD五、问答1. 简述国际收支平衡表的构成。
并解释为什么在国际收支经常出现差额的情况下，国际收支平衡表总可以实现平衡。
答：国际收支平衡表是一个统计报表，全面系统的记录一国国际收支状况。
通常，把国际收支平衡表的项目划分为四类：经常项目、资本和金融项目、储备资产变动以及净误差与遗漏。
国际收支平衡表是按复式簿记原理编制的。
但在实践中，国际收支平衡表的编制是通过对各个子项目的统计进行的。
由于统计数据来源不一、时间不同等原因，借方合计与贷方合计之间总是存在一定的差额。
为此就需要一个平衡项目即净误差与遗漏。
当贷方大于借方时，就将差额列入该项目的借方；反之列入该项目的贷方。
正是由于净误差与遗漏项目的存在，使得国际收支平衡表总可以实现平衡。
2.如何理解国际收支的失衡？引起失衡的原因主要有哪些？答：在判断国际收支是否平衡时，国际上通行的方法是从性质上将国际收支平衡表上各个项目区分为自主性交易和调节性交易。
如果一国国际收支不必依靠调节性交易而通过自主性交易就能实现基本平衡，是国际收支平衡；反之，则不是。
引起国际收支失衡的原因很多，主要有：（1）一国处于经济发展阶段，常常需要进口大量技术、设备和重要原料，而出口一时难以相应增长，因而出现贸易和国际收支差额。
（2）受经济结构制约（3）受物价和币值的影响。
如果一国发生通货膨胀，国内物价上涨，出口商品成本随之提高；而进口商品在汇率不变情况下，价格相对较低，引起进口增加，结果是恶化易状况和国际收支状况。
第一章货币与货币制度一、填空题1。
货币是长期发展的产物，是表现形式发展的必然结果.2。
在货币产生的过程中,商品价值形式的发展经过、、、等四个阶段。
3。
当人们选择用作一般等价物时，货币就产生了。
4. 货币作为一种特殊的商品，具有两个重要特征：一是,二是.5.货币币材和形制经历了从、、、到等五个阶段的发展过程。
6.金属货币主要沿着两个方向演变：一是经历了由到贵金属的演变；二是经历了由到铸币的演变。
7.货币要成为普遍接受的交换媒介，必须具备两个基本条件：一是；二是.8。
货币在表现和衡量商品价值时，货币执行职能；在商品的赊销赊购过程，货币执行职能；在退出流通时执行职能；在世界市场上发挥一般等价物作用时执行职能。
9。
本位币的面值与金属本身的实际价值是一致的，是货币，是法偿货币。
10.在金属货币流通条件下，流通中的货币量能被,使得与保持相互适应。
11。
货币制度相继经历了、、、等四个阶段。
12。
银行券是银行发行的一种，即银行保证持有人可以随时向签发银行兑换相应的一种凭证,通常以作为发行准备。
13.铸币的发展有一个从足值到的过程.14.国家垄断辅币铸造，归国家所有，构成重要的财政收入来源。
15。
在金本位制下，一国汇率围绕上下波动，汇率波动界限是。
16。
平行本位制下，金币和银币是按照比价流通，双本位制下，金币和银币则按照比价流通。
17。
在跛行本位制下，可以自由铸造而不能自由铸造。
18.在金汇兑本位制下，本币只能先兑换，再兑换。
19。
存储于银行电子计算机系统内可利用银行卡随时提取现金或支付的存款货币称为。
20。
货币金本位制有、、等三种形式。
21.金币本位制的三大特征是指、、。
22。
信用货币主要由现金和存款组成，其中现金是对公众的负债，存款则是对存款人的负债。
23。
人民币的发行权属于，是全国惟一的货币发行机关.24。
信用货币的形式有、纸币和等形式。
25。
货币成为普遍接受的交换媒介须具备两个基本条件：一是，二是 .26。
如果盯住准备金，市场冲击导致准备金需求曲线移动，导致联邦基金利率波动；
如果盯住利率，在准备金需求曲线变动时，准备金供给曲线必须随之变动，即导致了准备金的波动。
可见无法同时选定数量型和价格型中介指标。
【补充】泰勒规则
准备金的供需曲线如图所示，央行不限制准备金存款存放又无限供给准备金时，套利机制导致，基准利率（联邦基金利率）被控制在贴现贷款利率（
准备金（ier）之间，即所谓“利率走廊”
三大法宝
1，公开市场操作——直接影响基础货币中非借入准备金（
2，再贴现——直接影响借入准备金部分（BR）
基金利率，特殊情况下有效，此时iff=id
3，调整法定准备金率——动货币乘数（r）——货币供给过程表明，法准率变动不会对准备金的量产生影响，而是通过影响货币乘数
【热点】利率走廊
，传统的（一般性）货币政策工具
）公开市场操作。
第一章货币与经济练习题一、选择题(含单项选择与多项选择)1、货币的两个基本职能是：。
A、交易媒介B、支付手段C、价值尺度D、价值贮藏2、在下列经济行为中，货币执行支付职能的是。
A、发放工资B、交纳税款C、银行借贷D、分期付款3、货币在执行职能时，可以是观念上的货币。
A、交易媒介B、价值贮藏C、支付手段D、价值尺度4、下列说法哪项不属于信用货币的特征。
A、可代替金属货币B、是一种信用凭证C、依靠银行信用和政府信用而流通D、是足值的货币。
5、一般情况下，货币流动性结构的变动与通货膨胀间的关系是：。
A、高通货膨胀时，货币的流动性比率会下降B、高通货膨胀时，货币的流动性比率会上升C、通货紧缩时，货币的流动性比率会上升D、通货紧缩时，货币的流动性比率会下降6、下列有关币制说法正确的是。
A、平行本位制下会产生“劣币驱逐良币”的现象B、双本位制下容易出现“双重价格”的现象C、金银复本位制是一种不稳定的货币制度D、双本位制下金币作为主币，银币为辅币7、实物货币形态中被人们选择作为货币的商品必须具有的特性：A、价值含量较大B、易于保存C、容易分割D、人们都乐于接受8、信用货币具有的特征是：A、是价值符号B、是负债货币C、可以任意发行D、国家强制性9、价值尺度与价格标准的区别在于：A、内在与外在B、目的与手段C、自发与人为规定D、变化不一样10、货币危机性最大的职能是：A、通手手段B、支付手段C、贮藏手段D、国际货币11、我国的货币层次划分中一般将现金划入层次：A、M0B、M1C、M2D、M312、货币层次控制重点的确定原则有：A、相关性B、可测性C、可控性D、流动性13、虚金本位制也叫：A、金币本位制B、金块本位制C、生金本位制D、金汇兑本位制14、金银复合本位制的主要缺陷是：A、造成价值尺度的多重性B、违反独占性和排他性C、引起兑换比率的波动D、导致币材的匮乏15、金银复本位制向金本位制的过渡方式是。
A、平行本位制B、双本位制C、跛行本位制D、金块本位制16、下列关于货币层次说法正确的是。
第十四章开放经济的均衡一、填空1.服务贸易收益项目2.复式簿记净误差与遗漏3.自主性交易调节性交易4.贸易差额经常项目差额国际收支总差额5.经济周期调整汇率/本币升值或贬值6.国际间的利率差7.国内资金的需要偿还外债的能力8.外汇储备政策宣示效应9.扩大总需求扩大总供给10.财政收支银行信贷收支二、判断1.对2.对3.错4.错5.对6.对7.错8.对 9.错 10.对 11.对 12.对 13.错 14.对三、单选1.D2.C3.A4.B5.B四、多选1.ABC2.ABCD3.BC4.ABCD5.ACD五、问答1. 简述国际收支平衡表的构成。
并解释为什么在国际收支经常出现差额的情况下，国际收支平衡表总可以实现平衡。
答：国际收支平衡表是一个统计报表，全面系统的记录一国国际收支状况。
通常，把国际收支平衡表的项目划分为四类：经常项目、资本和金融项目、储备资产变动以及净误差与遗漏。
国际收支平衡表是按复式簿记原理编制的。
但在实践中，国际收支平衡表的编制是通过对各个子项目的统计进行的。
由于统计数据来源不一、时间不同等原因，借方合计与贷方合计之间总是存在一定的差额。
为此就需要一个平衡项目即净误差与遗漏。
当贷方大于借方时，就将差额列入该项目的借方；反之列入该项目的贷方。
正是由于净误差与遗漏项目的存在，使得国际收支平衡表总可以实现平衡。
2.如何理解国际收支的失衡？引起失衡的原因主要有哪些？答：在判断国际收支是否平衡时，国际上通行的方法是从性质上将国际收支平衡表上各个项目区分为自主性交易和调节性交易。
如果一国国际收支不必依靠调节性交易而通过自主性交易就能实现基本平衡，是国际收支平衡；反之，则不是。
引起国际收支失衡的原因很多，主要有：（1）一国处于经济发展阶段，常常需要进口大量技术、设备和重要原料，而出口一时难以相应增长，因而出现贸易和国际收支差额。
（2）受经济结构制约（3）受物价和币值的影响。
如果一国发生通货膨胀，国内物价上涨，出口商品成本随之提高；而进口商品在汇率不变情况下，价格相对较低，引起进口增加，结果是恶化易状况和国际收支状况。
一、单项选择：（每小题1分，共15分）1、货币在衡量并表示商品价值量大小时，执行（）职能。
A、价值尺度B、流通手段C、支付手段D、世界货币2、凯恩斯认为交易动机和预防动机决定的货币需求取决于（）。
A、利率水平B、价格水平C、收入水平D、预期水平3、通货膨胀与通货紧缩都是一种（）。
A、经济现象B、货币现象C、企业现象D、市场现象4、商业银行最基本的资金来源是（）。
A、存款类资金来源B、非存款类资金来源C、中央银行的贴现借款D、国际金融市场融资5、我国目前的法定存款准备金率是（）。
A、6%B、8%C、12%D、13%6、外国筹资者在另一国市场上发行并已发行市场所在国货币计值的债券是（）。
A、欧洲债券B、国际债券C、外国债券D、国内债券7、信用最基本的特征是（）。
A、让渡性B、付息性C、偿还性D、收益性8、现代金融体系的主体是（）。
A、商业银行B、中央银行C、政策性银行D、非银行金融机构9、中国人民银行从1984年开始执行中央银行职能后使用的最主要的货币政策工具是（）。
A、利率B、存款准备金率C、贷款计划D、公开市场业务10、把金融创新的动因归结于交易成本的降低的是（）。
A、弗里德曼B、诺斯C、凯恩D、希克斯和尼汉斯11、下列属于间接融资方式的是（）。
A、商业信用B、银行信用C、国家信用D、消费信用12、强调流动性为先的管理理念的理论是（）。
A、资产管理理论B、负债管理理论C、资产负债综合管理理论D、资产负债外管理理论13、货币政策诸目标之间呈一致性关系的是（）。
A、物价稳定与经济增长B、经济增长与充分就业C、充分就业与国际收支平衡D、物价稳定与充分就业14、出口方银行向外国进口商或进口方银行提供的贷款是（）。
A、卖方信贷B、买方信贷C、国际金融机构贷款D、政府贷款15、金本位制下，决定两国货币汇率的基础的是（）。
A、货币含金量B、铸币平价C、中心汇率D、货币实际购买力二、多项选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1、在下列各项中，属于中央银行“银行的银行”职能的内容是（）。
第14章 货币供给过程一、概念题1．原始存款答：原始存款指银行吸收的现金存款或中央银行对商业银行贷款所形成的存款。
它包括商业银行吸收到的所增加其准备金的存款。
商业银行的准备金以两种具体的形式存在：一是商业银行持有的应付日常业务需要的库存现金；二是商业银行在中央银行的存款。
这两者都是归商业银行持有的中央银行的负债，也是中央银行对社会公众总负债中的一部分。
商业银行所持有的这部分中央银行负债，对商业银行来说则是所拥有的一笔资产。
这笔以准备金形式所持有的资产可分为两部分：一是商业银行遵照法律规定不能用以放款盈利的数额；二是由于经营上的原因尚未用去的部分。
前一部分属法定准备金，后一部分属超额准备金。
2．派生存款答：派生存款指由商业银行发放贷款、办理贴现或投资等业务活动引申出来的存款，又称为衍生存款。
派生存款在原始存款基础上产生。
原始存款是指商业银行接受的客户现金和中央银行对商业银行的再贷款，是商业银行从事资产业务的基础。
派生存款的产生的过程，就是商业银行吸收存款、发放贷款、形成新的存款额……这一过程循环不断地在各家商业银行存款户之间转移、最终是银行体系的存款总量增加的过程。
因此，商业银行创造派生存款的实质，是以非现金形式为社会提供货币供应量。
3．货币供给答：指一定时期内一国银行系统向经济中投入、创造、扩张（或收缩）货币的行为。
货币供给的必然结果是在经济中形成一定的货币供给量。
这种货币供给量对银行系统而言是一种负债，但对非银行经济主体来说则是一种资产。
在现代信用货币制度下，货币供给的主体是银行系统——中央银行和商业银行。
前者创造基础货币，后者创造存款货币。
这就构成了货币供给过程的两个环节。
其中，中央银行在整个货币供给中居于核心地位。
货币供给的基本方程式是：M s＝B·M，它揭示了影响货币供给的两大基本要素：基础货币（B）及货币乘数（M）。
二、选择题1．假设一个经济中流通中现金有20亿元，存款有100亿元，准备金有30亿元，法定存款准备金率是0.2，那么经济中商业银行持有超额存款准备金和货币乘数分别是（ ）。
货币金融学习题集附答案精编W O R D版IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】第一章货币与货币制度一、填空题1.货币是长期发展的产物，是表现形式发展的必然结果。
2. 2.在货币产生的过程中，商品价值形式的发展经过、、、等四个阶段。
3.当人们选择用作一般等价物时，货币就产生了。
4. 货币作为一种特殊的商品，具有两个重要特征：一是，二是。
5.货币币材和形制经历了从、、、到等五个阶段的发展过程。
6.金属货币主要沿着两个方向演变：一是经历了由到贵金属的演变；二是经历了由到铸币的演变。
7.货币要成为普遍接受的交换媒介，必须具备两个基本条件：一是；二是。
8.货币在表现和衡量商品价值时，货币执行职能；在商品的赊销赊购过程，货币执行职能；在退出流通时执行职能；在世界市场上发挥一般等价物作用时执行职能。
9.本位币的面值与金属本身的实际价值是一致的，是货币，是法偿货币。
10.在金属货币流通条件下，流通中的货币量能被，使得与保持相互适应。
11.货币制度相继经历了、、、等四个阶段。
12. 银行券是银行发行的一种，即银行保证持有人可以随时向签发银行兑换相应的一种凭证，通常以作为发行准备。
13.铸币的发展有一个从足值到的过程。
14.国家垄断辅币铸造，归国家所有，构成重要的财政收入来源。
15.在金本位制下，一国汇率围绕上下波动，汇率波动界限是。
16.平行本位制下，金币和银币是按照比价流通，双本位制下，金币和银币则按照比价流通。
17.在跛行本位制下，可以自由铸造而不能自由铸造。
18.在金汇兑本位制下，本币只能先兑换，再兑换。
19.存储于银行电子计算机系统内可利用银行卡随时提取现金或支付的存款货币称为。
20.货币金本位制有、、等三种形式。
21.金币本位制的三大特征是指、、。
22.信用货币主要由现金和存款组成，其中现金是对公众的负债，存款则是对存款人的负债。
Financial Markets and Institutions, 8e (Mishkin)Chapter 14 The Mortgage Markets14.1 Multiple Choice1) Which of the following are important ways in which mortgage markets differ from the stock and bond markets?A) The usual borrowers in the capital markets are government entities and businesses, whereas the usual borrowers in the mortgage markets are individuals.B) Most mortgages are secured by real estate, whereas the majority of capital market borrowing is unsecured.C) Because mortgages are made for different amounts and different maturities, developing a secondary market has been more difficult.D) All of the above are important differences.E) Only A and B of the above are important differences.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.1 What Are Mortgages?Question Status: Previous Edition2) Which of the following are important ways in which mortgage markets differ from stock and bond markets?A) The usual borrowers in capital markets are government entities, whereas the usual borrowers in mortgage markets are small businesses.B) The usual borrowers in capital markets are government entities and large businesses, whereas the usual borrowers in mortgage markets are small businesses.C) The usual borrowers in capital markets are government entities and large businesses, whereas the usual borrowers in mortgage markets are small businesses and individuals.D) The usual borrowers in capital markets are businesses and government entities, whereas the usual borrowers in mortgage markets are individuals.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.1 What Are Mortgages?Question Status: Previous Edition3) Which of the following are true of mortgages?A) A mortgage is a long-term loan secured by real estate.B) A borrower pays off a mortgage in a combination of principal and interest payments that result in full payment of the debt by maturity.C) Over 80 percent of mortgage loans finance residential home purchases.D) All of the above are true of mortgages.E) Only A and B of the above are true of mortgages.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.1 What Are Mortgages?Question Status: Previous Edition4) Which of the following are true of mortgages?A) A mortgage is a long-term loan secured by real estate.B) Borrowers pay off mortgages over time in some combination of principal and interest payments that result in full payment of the debt by maturity.C) Less than 65 percent of mortgage loans finance residential home purchases.D) All of the above are true of mortgages.E) Only A and B of the above are true of mortgages.Answer: ETopic: Chapter 14.1 What Are Mortgages?Question Status: Previous Edition5) Which of the following are true of mortgage interest rates?A) Interest rates on mortgage loans are determined by three factors: current long-term market rates, the term of the mortgage, and the number of discount points paid.B) Mortgage interest rates tend to track along with Treasury bond rates.C) The interest rate on 15-year mortgages is lower than the rate on 30-year mortgages, all else the same.D) All of the above are true.E) Only A and B of the above are true.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition6) Which of the following are true of mortgages?A) More than 80 percent of mortgage loans finance residential home purchases.B) The National Banking Act of 1863 rewarded banks that increased mortgage lending.C) Most mortgages during the 1920s and 1930s were balloon loans.D) All of the above are true.E) Only A and C of the above are true.Answer: ETopic: Chapter 14.1 What Are Mortgages?Question Status: Previous Edition7) Which of the following is true of mortgage interest rates?A) Longer-term mortgages have lower interest rates than shorter-term mortgages.B) Mortgage rates are lower than Treasury bond rates because of the tax deductibility of mortgage interest rates.C) In exchange for points, lenders reduce interest rates on mortgage loans.D) All of the above are true.E) Only A and B of the above are true.Answer: CTopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition8) Typically, discount points should not be paid if the borrower will pay off the loan in ________ years or less.A) 5B) 10C) 15D) 20Answer: ATopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition9) Which of the following is true of mortgage interest rates?A) Longer-term mortgages have higher interest rates than shorter-term mortgages.B) In exchange for points, lenders reduce interest rates on mortgage loans.C) Mortgage rates are lower than Treasury bond rates because of the tax deductibility of mortgage interest payments.D) All of the above are true.E) Only A and B of the above are true.Answer: ETopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition10) Which of the following reduces moral hazard for the mortgage borrower?A) CollateralB) Down paymentsC) Private mortgage insuranceD) Borrower qualificationsAnswer: BTopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition11) Which of the following protects the mortgage lender's right to sell property if the underlying loan defaults?A) A lienB) A down paymentC) Private mortgage insuranceD) Borrower qualificationE) AmortizationAnswer: ATopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition12) Which of the following is true of mortgage interest rates?A) Mortgage rates are closely tied to Treasury bond rates, but mortgage rates tend to stay below Treasury rates because mortgages are secured with collateral.B) Longer-term mortgages have higher interest rates than shorter-term mortgages.C) Interest rates are higher on mortgage loans on which lenders charge points.D) All of the above are true.E) Only A and B of the above are true.Answer: BTopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition13) During the early years of an amortizing mortgage loan, the lender appliesA) most of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.B) all of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.C) most of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.D) all of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.E) the monthly payment equally to interest on the loan and the outstanding principal balance.Answer: CTopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition14) During the last years of an amortizing mortgage loan, the lender appliesA) most of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.B) all of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.C) most of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.D) all of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.E) the monthly payment equally to interest on the loan and the outstanding principal balance.Answer: ATopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition15) During the last years of a balloon mortgage loan, the lender appliesA) most of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.B) all of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.C) most of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.D) all of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.E) the monthly payment equally to interest on the loan and the outstanding principal balance.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition16) During the early years of a balloon mortgage loan, the lender appliesA) most of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.B) all of the monthly payment to the outstanding principal balance.C) most of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.D) all of the monthly payment to interest on the loan.E) the monthly payment equally to interest on the loan and the outstanding principal balance.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition17) A borrower who qualifies for an FHA or VA loan enjoys the advantage thatA) the mortgage payment is much lower.B) only a very low or zero down payment is required.C) the cost of private mortgage insurance is lower.D) the government holds the lien on the property.Answer: BTopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition18) (I) Conventional mortgages are originated by private lending institutions, and FHA or VA loans are originated by the government. (II) Conventional mortgages are insured by private companies, and FHA or VA loans are insured by the government.A) (I) is true, (II) false.B) (I) is false, (II) true.C) Both are true.D) Both are false.Answer: BTopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition19) Borrowers tend to prefer ________ to ________, whereas lenders prefer ________.A) fixed-rate loans; ARMs; fixed-rate loansB) ARMs; fixed-rate loans; fixed-rate loansC) fixed-rate loans; ARMs; ARMsD) ARMs; fixed-rate loans; ARMsAnswer: CTopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition20) (I) ARMs offer lower initial rates and the rate may fall during the life of the loan. (II) Conventional mortgages do not allow a borrower to take advantage of falling interest rates.A) (I) is true, (II) is false.B) (I) is false, (II) is true.C) Both are true.D) Both are false.Answer: ATopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition21) Growing-equity mortgages (GEMs)A) help the borrower pay off the loan in a shorter time.B) have such low payments in the first few years that the principal balance increases.C) offer borrowers payments that are initially lower than the payments on aconventional mortgage.D) do all of the above.E) do only A and B of the above.Answer: ATopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition22) A borrower with a 30-year loan can create a GEM byA) simply increasing the monthly payments beyond what is required and designating that the excess be applied entirely to the principal.B) converting his ARM into a conventional mortgage.C) converting his conventional mortgage into an ARM.D) converting his conventional mortgage into a GPM.Answer: ATopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition23) Which of the following are useful for home buyers who expect their income to rise in the future?A) GPMsB) RAMsC) GEMsD) Only A and B are useful.E) Only A and C are useful.Answer: ETopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition24) Which of the following are useful for home buyers who expect their income to fall in the future?A) GPMsB) RAMsC) GEMsD) Only A and B are useful.E) Only A and C are useful.Answer: BTopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition25) Retired people can live on the equity they have in their homes by using aA) GEM.B) GPM.C) SAM.D) RAM.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition26) Second mortgages serve the following purposes:A) they give borrowers a way to use the equity they have in their homes as security for another loan.B) they allow borrowers to get a tax deduction on loans secured by their primary residence or vacation home.C) they allow borrowers to convert their conventional mortgages into GEMs.D) all of the above.E) only A and B of the above.Answer: ETopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition27) Which of the following is a disadvantage of a second mortgage compared to credit card debt?A) The loans are secured by the borrower's home.B) The borrower gives up the tax deduction on the primary mortgage.C) The borrower must pay points to get a second mortgage loan.D) The borrower will find it more difficult to qualify for a second mortgage loan.Answer: ATopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition28) The share of the mortgage market held by savings and loans isA) over 50 percent.B) approximately 40 percent.C) approximately 20 percent.D) less than 5 percent.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.4 Mortgage-Lending InstitutionsQuestion Status: Updated from Previous Edition29) The share of the mortgage market held by commercial banks is approximatelyA) 50 percent.B) 30 percent.C) 15 percent.D) 5 percent.Answer: BTopic: Chapter 14.4 Mortgage-Lending Institutions Question Status: Updated from Previous Edition30) A loan-servicing agent willA) package the loan for an investor.B) hold the loan in their investment portfolio.C) collect payments from the borrower.D) do both A and C of the above.E) do both B and C of the above.Answer: CTopic: Chapter 14.5 Loan ServicingQuestion Status: Previous Edition31) Distinct elements of a mortgage loan includeA) origination.B) investment.C) servicing.D) all of the above.E) only B and C of the above.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.6 Secondary Mortgage MarketQuestion Status: Previous Edition32) The Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)A) was set up to buy mortgages from thrifts so that these institutions could make more loans.B) funds purchases of mortgages by selling bonds to the public.C) provides insurance for certain mortgage contracts.D) does all of the above.E) does only A and B of the above.Answer: ETopic: Chapter 14.6 Secondary Mortgage MarketQuestion Status: Previous Edition33) The Federal Housing Administration (FHA)A) was set up to buy mortgages from thrifts so that these institutions could make more loans.B) funds purchases of mortgages by selling bonds to the public.C) provides insurance for certain mortgage contracts.D) does all of the above.E) does only A and B of the above.Answer: CTopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition34) ________ issues participation certificates, and ________ provides federal insurance for participation certificates.A) Freddie Mac; Freddie MacB) Freddie Mac; Ginnie MaeC) Ginnie Mae; Freddie MacD) Ginnie Mae; Ginnie MaeE) Freddie Mac; no oneAnswer: ETopic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: Previous Edition35) REMICs are most likeA) Freddie Mac pass-through securities.B) Ginnie Mae pass-through securities.C) participation certificates.D) collateralized mortgage obligations.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security? Question Status: Previous Edition36) Ginnie MaeA) insures qualifying mortgages.B) insures pass-through certificates.C) insures collateralized mortgage obligations.D) does only A and B. of the above.E) does only B and C of the above.Answer: BTopic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security? Question Status: Previous Edition37) Mortgage-backed securitiesA) have been growing in popularity in recent years as institutional investors look for attractive investment opportunities.B) are securities collateralized by a pool of mortgages.C) are securities collateralized by both insured and uninsured mortgages.D) are all of the above.E) are only A and B of the above.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: Previous Edition38) The most common type of mortgage-backed security isA) the mortgage pass-through, a security that has the borrower's mortgage payments pass through the trustee before being disbursed to the investors.B) collateralized mortgage obligations, a security which reduces prepayment risk.C) the participation certificate, a security which passes the borrower's mortgage payments equally among all the owners of the certificates.D) the securitized mortgage, a security which increases the liquidity of otherwise illiquid mortgages.Answer: ATopic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: Previous Edition39) The interest rate borrowers pay on their mortgages is determined byA) current long-term market rates.B) the term.C) the number of discount points.D) all of the above.Answer: DTopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition40) A loan for borrowers who do not qualify for loans at the usual market rate of interest because of a poor credit rating or because the loan is larger than justified by their income isA) a subprime mortgage.B) a securitized mortgage.C) an insured mortgage.D) a graduated-payment mortgage.Answer: ATopic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: Previous Edition41) The percentage of the total loan paid back immediately when a mortgage loan is obtained, which lowers the annual interest rate on the debt, is calledA) discount points.B) loan terms.C) collateral.D) down payment.Answer: ATopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition42) Which of the following terms are found in mortgage loan contracts to protect the lender from financial loss?A) CollateralB) Down paymentC) Private mortgage insuranceD) All of the aboveAnswer: DTopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition43) What factors are used in determining a person's FICO score?A) Past payment historyB) Outstanding debtC) Length of credit historyD) All of the aboveAnswer: DTopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition44) Between 2000 and 2005, home prices increased an average of ________ per year.A) 2%B) 4%C) 8%D) 12%Answer: CTopic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: New Question45) From 2000 to 2005, housing prices increased, on average, by over 40%. This run up in prices was caused byA) speculators.B) an increase in subprime loans, which increased demand for new and existing houses.C) both A and B.D) None of the above are correct.Answer: CTopic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: Updated from Previous Edition14.2 True/False1) In 2012, mortgage loans to farms represented the largest proportion of mortgage lending in the U.S.Answer: FALSETopic: Chapter 14.1 What Are Mortgages?Question Status: New Question2) Down payments are designed to reduce the likelihood of default on mortgage loans.Answer: TRUETopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition3) Discount points (or simply points) are interest payments made at the beginning of a loan.Answer: TRUETopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition4) A point on a mortgage loan refers to one monthly payment of principal and interest.Answer: FALSETopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition5) Closing for a mortgage loan refers to the moment the loan is paid off.Answer: FALSETopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition6) Private mortgage insurance is a policy that guarantees to make up any discrepancy between the value of the property and the loan amount, should a default occur.Answer: TRUETopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition7) During the early years of a mortgage loan, the lender applies most of the payment to the principal on the loan.Answer: FALSETopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition8) One important advantage to a borrower who qualifies for an FHA or VA loan is the very low interest rate on the mortgage.Answer: FALSETopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of Mortgages9) Adjustable-rate mortgages generally have lower initial interest rates than fixed-rate mortgages.Answer: TRUETopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition10) Mortgage interest rates loosely track interest rates on three-month Treasury bills.Answer: FALSETopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition11) An advantage of a graduated-payment mortgage is that borrowers will qualify for a larger loan than if they requested a conventional mortgage.Answer: TRUETopic: Chapter 14.3 Types of Mortgages12) Nearly half the funds for mortgage lending comes from mortgage pools and trusts.Answer: FALSETopic: Chapter 14.4 Mortgage-Lending InstitutionsQuestion Status: Updated from Previous Edition13) Many institutions that make mortgage loans do not want to hold large portfolios of long-term securities, because it would subject them to unacceptably high interest-rate risk.Answer: TRUETopic: Chapter 14.4 Mortgage-Lending InstitutionsQuestion Status: Previous Edition14) A problem that initially hindered the marketability of mortgages in a secondary market was that they were not standardized.Answer: TRUETopic: Chapter 14.6 Secondary Mortgage MarketQuestion Status: Previous Edition15) Mortgage-backed securities have declined in popularity in recent years as institutional investors have sought higher returns in other markets.Answer: FALSETopic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: Previous Edition16) Mortgage-backed securities are marketable securities collateralized by a pool of mortgages.Answer: TRUETopic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: Previous Edition17) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac together either own or insure the risk on nearly one-fourth of America's residential mortgages.Answer: FALSETopic: Chapter 14.4 Mortgage-Lending InstitutionsQuestion Status: Previous Edition18) A FICO score below 660 is considered good while a score above 720 is likely to cause problems in obtaining a loan.Answer: FALSETopic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition19) Subprime loans are those made to borrowers who do not qualify for loans at the usual market rate of interest because of a poor credit rating or because the loan is larger than justified by their income.Answer: TRUETopic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: Previous Edition14.3 Essay1) How has the modern mortgage market changed over recent years?Topic: Chapter 14.1 What Are Mortgages?Question Status: Previous Edition2) Explain the features of mortgage loans that are designed to reduce the likelihood of default.Topic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition3) What are points? What is their purpose?Topic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition4) How does an amortizing mortgage loan differ from a balloon mortgage loan?Topic: Chapter 14.2 Characteristics of the Residential MortgageQuestion Status: Previous Edition5) Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages, from both the lender's and borrower's perspectives, of fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages.Topic: Chapter 14.3 Types of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition6) Why has the online lending market developed in recent years and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this development?Topic: Chapter 14.4 Mortgage-Lending InstitutionsQuestion Status: Previous Edition7) Why may Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac pose a threat to the health of the financial system?Topic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: Previous Edition8) What are mortgage-backed securities, why were they developed, whattypes of mortgage-backed securities are there, and how do they work?Topic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: Previous Edition9) What are the benefits and side effects of securitized mortgages?Topic: Chapter 14.7 Securitization of MortgagesQuestion Status: Previous Edition10) Discuss the pros and cons of a subprime market for residential mortgages in the U.S.Topic: Chapter 14.8 What Is a Mortgage-Backed Security?Question Status: New Question。
货币练习题一、选择题(含单项选择与多项选择)1. 货币的两个基本职能是（）。
A、交易媒介B、支付手段C、价值尺度D、价值贮藏2. 货币在执行（）职能时，可以是观念上的货币。
A、交易媒介B、价值贮藏C、支付手段D、价值尺度3. 下列说法哪项不属于信用货币的特征（）。
A、与金属货币挂钩B、是一种信用凭证C、依靠银行信用和政府信用而流通D、是足值的货币。
4. 我国的货币层次划分中一般将现金划入（）层次：A、M0B、M1C、M2D、M35. 虚金本位制也叫（）。
A、金币本位制B、金块本位制C、生金本位制D、金汇兑本位制6. 金银复合本位制的主要缺陷是（）。
A、造成价值尺度的多重性B、违反独占性和排他性C、引起兑换比率的波动D、导致币材的匮乏7.金银复本位制向金本位制的过渡方式是（）。
A、平行本位制B、双本位制C、跛行本位制D、金块本位制8. 下列哪种经济体中，支付体系的效率最低？（）。
A、使用黄金作为商品货币的经济体B、易货经济C、使用不兑现纸币的经济体D、使用通货和存款货币的经济体9. 下列哪种经济体中，商品和服务可以直接交换成另外的商品和服务？（）。
A、使用黄金作为商品货币的经济体B、易货经济C、使用不兑现纸币的经济体D、使用通货和存款货币的经济体10.下列哪个不是货币的目的或功能？（）。
A、价值储藏B、交易媒介C、避免通货膨胀的冲击D、价值尺度11.下列哪种是商品货币的例子？（）A、5美元钞票B、基于在美国的某银行账户签发的支票C、信用卡D、战俘集中营中的香烟E、上述选项都正确12.下列哪种是不兑现纸币的例子？（）A、5美元钞票B、20美元金币C、原始社会中用做货币的贝壳D、战俘集中营中的香烟二、判断题(在下列题目中，你认为是对的打√，错的打×)1、在市场经济条件下，支票和信用卡都是货币。
( )2、易货经济的效率很低，因为想要达成，必须实现“需求的双重吻合”。
( )3、由于货币具有较好的流动性，通常成为人们价值贮藏的首选。
《货币金融学》课后习题参考答案第一章货币与货币制度1.解释下列概念：狭义货币、广义货币、准货币、实物货币、格雷欣法则（1）狭义货币，通常由现金和活期存款组成。
这里的现金是指流通中的通货。
活期存款，在国外是指全部的活期存款，在我国只包括支票类和信用类活期存款。
狭义货币是现实购买力的代表，是各国货币政策调控的主要对象。
（2）广义货币，通常由现金、活期存款、储蓄存款、定期存款及某些短期流动性金融资产组成。
这里的短期流动性金融资产是指那些人们接受程度较高的可在一定程度上执行货币某些职能的信用工具，如商业票据、可转让存单、国库券、金融债券、保险单、契约等。
广义货币扩大了货币的范围，包括了一切可能成为现实购买力的货币形式。
对于研究货币流通整体状况和对未来货币流通的预测都有独特作用。
（3）准货币，也称亚货币。
一般将广义货币口径中除狭义货币以外的部分称为准货币或亚货币。
包括活期存款、储蓄存款、定期存款及某些短期流动性金融资产组成。
这里的短期流动性金融资产是指那些人们接受程度较高的可在一定程度上执行货币某些职能的信用工具，如商业票据、可转让存单、国库券、金融债券、保险单、契约等。
准货币本身虽非真正的货币，但由于它们在经过一定的手续后，能比较容易地转化为现实的购买力，加大流通中的货币供应量。
所以，也称为近似货币。
（4）实物货币，是指以自然界存在的某种物品或人们生产出来的某种物品来充当的货币。
最初的实物货币形式五花八门，各地、各国和各个时期各不相同。
例如，在中国历史上，充当过实物货币的物品种类就有：龟壳、海贝、布匹、农具、耕牛等。
实物货币的缺点在于：不易分割和保存、不便携带，而且价值不稳定，很难满足商品交换的需要。
所以，它不是理想的货币形式，随后被金属货币所取代。
2.如何理解货币的定义？它与日常生活中的通货、财富和收入概念有何不同？答：（1）货币是日常生活中人们经常使用的一个词，它的涵义丰富，在不同的场合有不同的意义。
《货币金融学》课后习题参考答案第一章货币与货币制度1.解释下列概念：狭义货币、广义货币、准货币、实物货币、格雷欣法则（1）狭义货币，通常由现金和活期存款组成。
这里的现金是指流通中的通货。
活期存款，在国外是指全部的活期存款，在我国只包括支票类和信用类活期存款。
狭义货币是现实购买力的代表，是各国货币政策调控的主要对象。
（2）广义货币，通常由现金、活期存款、储蓄存款、定期存款及某些短期流动性金融资产组成。
这里的短期流动性金融资产是指那些人们接受程度较高的可在一定程度上执行货币某些职能的信用工具，如商业票据、可转让存单、国库券、金融债券、保险单、契约等。
广义货币扩大了货币的范围，包括了一切可能成为现实购买力的货币形式。
对于研究货币流通整体状况和对未来货币流通的预测都有独特作用。
（3）准货币，也称亚货币。
一般将广义货币口径中除狭义货币以外的部分称为准货币或亚货币。
包括活期存款、储蓄存款、定期存款及某些短期流动性金融资产组成。
这里的短期流动性金融资产是指那些人们接受程度较高的可在一定程度上执行货币某些职能的信用工具，如商业票据、可转让存单、国库券、金融债券、保险单、契约等。
准货币本身虽非真正的货币，但由于它们在经过一定的手续后，能比较容易地转化为现实的购买力，加大流通中的货币供应量。
所以，也称为近似货币。
（4）实物货币，是指以自然界存在的某种物品或人们生产出来的某种物品来充当的货币。
最初的实物货币形式五花八门，各地、各国和各个时期各不相同。
例如，在中国历史上，充当过实物货币的物品种类就有：龟壳、海贝、布匹、农具、耕牛等。
实物货币的缺点在于：不易分割和保存、不便携带，而且价值不稳定，很难满足商品交换的需要。
所以，它不是理想的货币形式，随后被金属货币所取代。
2.如何理解货币的定义？它与日常生活中的通货、财富和收入概念有何不同？答：（1）货币是日常生活中人们经常使用的一个词，它的涵义丰富，在不同的场合有不同的意义。
货币金融学课后习题全部答案浙江大学出版社藤莉莉李国英版第1章能力训练参考答案：一、选择题1.B2. D3.A4. B5. A6.A7. D8. B9. ACDE 10. BCD二、名称解释货币：货币是由国家法律规定的，在商品劳务交易中或债务清偿中被社会普遍接受的物品。
一般等价物：实物货币：实物货币是指作为货币的价值与作为普通商品的价值相等的货币。
实物货币是货币最原始、最朴素的形式。
它本身既作为商品，同时又作为货币在充当交换媒介。
代用货币：是黄金等贵金属货币的替代品，代替黄金等贵金属发挥货币的职能。
代用货币本身的价值低于它作为货币的价值。
货币层次：各国中央银行在确定货币供给的统计口径时，以金融资产流动性的大小作为标准，并根据自身政策目的的特点和需要，划分为不同的货币层次。
货币层次的划分有利于中央银行进行宏观经济运行监测和货币政策操作。
货币制度：是一个国家以法律形式确定的货币流通准则和规范。
在内容上包括：规定本位货币和辅币的材料；确定货币单位；规定货币的发行程序和流通办法；确定发行准备和货币的对外联系。
本位货币：是一国货币制度规定的标准货币。
其特点是具有无限法偿的能力，即用它作为流通手段和支付手段，债权人不能拒绝接受。
而非本位货币不具有这种能力。
三、问答题1．货币的基本职能有哪些？在发达的商品经济中，货币具有价值尺度、流通手段、储藏手段、支付手段和世界货币五种职能。
2．什么是劣币驱逐良币？（1）劣币是指其作为货币的价值高于其作为普通商品的价值的货币。
（2）良币是作为货币的价值和其作为普通价值相等的货币。
（3）在两种货币可以自由铸造，自由兑换，自由熔化，自由输出入的情况下，作为货币价值高于其作为普通商品价值的货币商品就会被人们纷纷铸造为货币，而作为货币价值与普通价值相等的货币商品就会被人们熔化、输出而被储藏起来从而退出流通。
3．什么是“跛行本位制”（1）“跛行本位”是金银双本位制的一种演变形式。
其背景是由于世界白银供应激增，市场银价下跌，使得实行复本位制的国家银币充斥流通，金币减少。
货币金融学习题及参考答案一.单项选择题1.信用起源于（）A、商品交换B、货币流通C、生产社会化Ｄ、私有制２．在信用关系的价值运动中,货币执行的职能是（ )A、价值尺度Ｂ、流通手段Ｃ、支付手段 D、储藏手段3．美国同业拆借市场也称（)A、贴现市场Ｂ、承兑市场Ｃ、联邦基金市场 D、外汇交易市场4.资本市场是指（）A、短期市场B、一级市场C、发行市场D、长期市场5．劣币是指实际价值( )的货币A、等于零Ｂ、等于名义价值 C、高于名义价值Ｄ、低于名义价值6．( )是提供金融服务和产品的企业。
A、金融市场B、金融体系Ｃ、金融中介 D、金融工具７．货币市场交易与资本市场交易相比较,具有( )的特点。
Ａ、期限短B、流动性低 C、收益率高 D、风险大8．同业拆借市场是金融机构之间为( )而相互融通的市场。
A、减少风险Ｂ、提高流动性 C、增加收入Ｄ、调剂短期资金余缺9．政策性金融机构是（）的金融机构。
Ａ、与商业银行没有区别B、不以营利为目的Ｃ、由政府支持不完全以营利为目的Ｄ、代表国家财10．本位货币是指( )A、一个国家货币制度规定的标准货币B、本国货币当局发行的货币B、以黄金为基础的货币D、可以与黄金兑换的货币11、由政府或政府金融机构确定并强令执行的利率是（)A、公定利率Ｂ、一般利率C、官定利率D、固定利率12．信托最突出的特征是对信托财产(）的分割A、使用权B、租赁权C、所有权Ｄ、代理权13．世界上第一家现代银行――英格兰银行产生于( )A、16９0年B、1６９4年C、1580年D、1５87年14．金融监管按大类分可分为证券、保险、( ）等监管机构A、信托B、银行Ｃ、基金Ｄ、投资15．"格雷欣法则"这一现象一般发生在(）A、银本位制B、金银复本位制C、双本位制Ｄ、平行本位制１６．假定原始存款为200万元，法定准备率为20%,存款总额可扩大为（)A、4000万元B、３600万元Ｃ、3000万元D、5000万元１７．一张面额为100０元的一年期的汇票,３个月后到期。
第十四章课后题库参考答案1．欧洲票据市场与欧洲商业票据市场上的区别主要表现在哪些方面？欧洲商业票据与欧洲票据比较起来，最大的区别是前者不需要承销，公司直接对外发行，可节省不少承销费用。
国际公司是欧洲商业票据的主要发行者，欧洲商业票据给国际公司提供了一个非常好的国际债务筹资平台，而且，资信较高的国际公司可以以很低的利率筹措到所需资金。
2．简要评述布雷迪债券发行的背景。
20世纪70年代末，OPEC再次提高石油价格，西方发达国家由于过高的石油价格导致生产成本急剧增加，通货膨胀现象与失业同时并存，滞涨现象出现，于是各国政府通过提高利率等措施实施紧缩的货币政策。
由于西方银行给第三世界国家贷款采用的是浮动利率，随着这些国家世纪利率的不断提高，第三世界国家要偿付给发达国家的利息越来越多，而全球性的经济萧条让第三世界国家经济陷入严重的困境，根本无力偿付越来越多的贷款及其利息，国际债务危机开始出现。
因此在这样的背景下，老布什政府的财政大臣布雷迪被委任制定政策解决国际债务危机问题。
3．美国某国际公司在巴黎通过折价方式发行欧洲商业票据，票据本金总额100 000 000美元，票据发行特点如下：发行3个月的欧洲商业票据40 000 000美元，票面收益为6%，发行6个月的欧洲商业票据60 000 000美元，票面利率为6.5%。
请问，该国际公司共可获得多少资金？该美国国际公司在巴黎通过折价方式发行欧洲商业票据，共获得40 000 000×（1-6%/4）+60 000 000×(1-6.5%/2)=97 450 000美元资金。
4．为何会出现欧洲美元市场？其规模不断扩大的原因是什么？欧洲货币市场的出现最早可以追溯到20世纪50年代。
当时，苏联和东欧的共产主义国家担心美国政府冻结自己拥有的美元存款，而将美元存款存放到巴黎和伦敦的商业银行，从那时候起，存放在美国以外的欧洲美元就产生了。
20世纪80年代初，由于人质危机问题，美国冻结了伊朗存放在美国银行的美元存款，导致中东其他石油输出国将大量存放在美国银行的美元存款转移到西欧国家的银行，欧洲美元规模进一步扩大。
第十四章--习题答案第十四章产品市场和货币市场的一般均衡1.自发投资支出增加10亿美元，会使IS()。
A.右移10亿美元；B.左移10亿美元；C.右移支出乘数乘以10亿美元；D.左移支出乘数乘以10亿美元。
解答：C2.如果净税收增加10亿美元，会使IS()。
A.右移税收乘数乘以10亿美元；B.左移税收乘数乘以10亿美元；C.右移支出乘数乘以10亿美元；D.左移支出乘数乘以10亿美元。
解答：B3.假定货币供给量和价格水平不变，货币需求为收入和利率的函数，则收入增加时()。
A.货币需求增加，利率上升；B.货币需求增加，利率下降；C.货币需求减少，利率上升；D.货币需求减少，利率下降。
解答：A4.假定货币需求为L＝ky－hr，货币供给增加10亿美元而其他条件不变，则会使LM()。
A.右移10亿美元；B.右移k乘以10亿美元；C.右移10亿美元除以k(即10÷k)；D.右移k除以10亿美元(即k÷10)。
解答：C5.利率和收入的组合点出现在IS曲线右上方、LM曲线左上方的区域中，则表示()。
A.投资小于储蓄且货币需求小于货币供给；B.投资小于储蓄且货币需求大于货币供给；C.投资大于储蓄且货币需求小于货币供给；D.投资大于储蓄且货币需求大于货币供给。
解答：A6.怎样理解IS—LM模型是凯恩斯主义宏观经济学的核心？解答：凯恩斯理论的核心是有效需求原理，认为国民收入决定于有效需求，而有效需求原理的支柱又是边际消费倾向递减、资本边际效率递减以及心理上的流动偏好这三个心理规律的作用。
这三个心理规律涉及四个变量：边际消费倾向、资本边际效率、货币需求和货币供给。
在这里，凯恩斯通过利率把货币经济和实物经济联系了起来，打破了新古典学派把实物经济和货币经济分开的两分法，认为货币不是中性的，货币市场上的均衡利率会影响投资和收入，而产品市场上的均衡收入又会影响货币需求和利率，这就是产品市场和货币市场的相互联系和作用。
第14章货币供给过程一、概念题1．贴现率（discount rate）答：贴现率亦称“贴现利率”。
贴现利息与贴现的票据面额之间的比率。
即银行接受商业票据、国库券等贴现时，对贴现申请人收取贴现利息时所依据的利率。
贴现利息按贴现票据的金额及贴现利率和贴现时间计算，具体计算公式：贴现率=（贴现利息/票据面额）×100%贴现利息=票据面额×月贴现率×未到期天数×（1/30）贴现金额=票据面额-贴现利息2．超额准备金（excess reserves）答：超额储备又称“超额准备金”，指商业银行或其他存款机构在货币当局规定必须缴纳的法定准备金之外，还保留的那部分储备资金。
超额储备等于总储备减去法定储备。
商业银行保留超额准备金主要是为了解决意外的大额提现、结清存款或更好地投资。
超额储备的变动将影响到货币乘数大小，在基础货币供应量不变的情况下，它制约着银行体系创造货币的能力。
3．浮款（float）答：浮款是指与支票清算相关的在途资金，等于“托收中的现金项目”减去“递延的可供使用的现金项目”。
4．高能货币（high-powered money）答：高能货币亦称“基础货币”、“货币基数”、“货币基础”或“强力货币”，它是经过商业银行的存贷款业务而能扩张或收缩货币供应量的货币。
西方国家的基础货币包括商业银行存入中央银行的存款准备金（包括法定准备金和超额准备金）与社会公众所持有的现金之和。
基础货币有四个属性：①可控性，是中央银行能调控的货币；②负债性，是中央银行的负债；③扩张性，能被中央银行吸收作为创造存款货币的基础，具有多倍创造的功能；④初始来源惟一性，即其增量只能来源于中央银行。
中央银行通过调节基础货币的数量就能数倍扩张或收缩货币供应量，因此，基础货币构成市场货币供应量的基础。
在现代银行体系中，中央银行对宏观金融活动的调节，主要是通过控制基础货币的数量来实现的。
其具体操作过程是：当中央银行提高或降低存款准备金率时，各商业银行就要调整资产负债项目，相应增加或减少其在中央银行的法定准备金，通过乘数效应，可对货币供应量产生紧缩或扩张的作用。
用心用情品质文档精品行业资料，仅供参考，需要可下载并修改后使用！《金融基础知识》课后习题答案第14章习题答案1.标准化成本、交易成本和市场影响成本。
2.因为交易所提供的衍生产品一般有专门的清算所，客户不是直接从期权的卖方那里购买期权，清算所是期权卖方和买方的中介。
因此，如果期权的卖方违约，一般对买方不会有什么影响，清算所的资本金一般足以保证客户到期获得偿付。
由于清算所的资本金有差异，因此有破产倒闭的可能，但可能性比较小，所以客户从交易所购买产品面临的违约风险比较小。
3.不能，因为虽然交易所关闭几个小时甚至几天都可能性很小，但当存在严重的信息不对称的时候某种金融工具停止交易的可能性很大。
例如NYSE详细规定了停止某只股票交易的程序。
其它交易所，特别是期货交易所存在涨跌停板的限制。
还有在没有任何人想交易的时候，交易也就停止了。
因此交易所提供某个金融产品，并不意味着你随时能够随意地在交易所买入或卖出。
4.信用风险、其他于交易伙伴有关的风险、价格的透明度问题以及头寸中途冲销会面临困难。
5.在产品不存在又没有其他替代品的时候动态复制策略是个很好的选择，它可以实现有效的保值。
同时在产品很贵的时候，动态复制策略也可以降低保值成本。
此外运用动态复制策略的匿名性和保密性更好。
这样可以尽量避免将自己的信息暴露给竞争对手。
不过动态复制策略可能面临交易频率可能很高、流动性不足、模型风险和执行风险的问题。
6.一般静态复制策略的交易频率低，而且没有模型风险。
7.我们将买入或卖出回报和公司想要规避的风险相关的证券的做法称为内嵌衍生工具法。
8.一部分原因是金融创新面临的需求曲线是不确定的。
如果产品的需求比预计的低，那么产品就失败了。
这会影响发行公司的声誉和开发新产品的能力。
因此公司在初始发行的时候在价格上做出一定的让步以了解市场需求信息是可以理解的。
初始发行折价也有其它能够带来利润的原因，因为投资对新产品了解不多，他们必须全面地了解产品看看是否应该投资，因此投资者可能会以为等等看更有利可图，为了吸引投资者，发行者会在价格上做出一定的让步。
