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要点一常用介词１．方位介词（１）图解常见的方位介词（２）along, through, across, over（３）at, on, to, in（４）between, among１between在……之间（指两者），常和and连用。
The building stands between the park and the small river.那栋楼位于公园和小河之间。
２among在……之间（指三者或三者以上）。
We'll visit a town among the mountains.我们将要参观一个被群山环绕的小镇。
[名师指津] 如果指三个及三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间，仍然要用between。
Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。
２．时间介词（１）in, afterin表时间，常表示“在……之内”，有时in还有“在……之后”的意思，但表示此意时，必须具备两个条件：１所在句子的谓语动词必须表将来；２后面必须是一段时间。
这两个条件缺一不可，否则用after或later。
My father will be back in three days.我父亲将在三天以后回来。
My father will be back after three o'clock.我父亲将在３点后回来。
My father came back after three days/three days later.我父亲是三天后回来的。
（２）for, sincehis retirement.布朗先生喜欢乡村生活，退休后他在那里生活了差不多１５年。
Tom has been doing his homework since seven o'clock.汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。
专题三代词和介词一、代词[全国卷考情分析](对应学生用书第251页)[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(·北京高考)We are very proud of ourselves(we) and believe we can do more for a better world. 【导学号：44040121】2．(·江西九江一模)We valued every chance we could to keep us(we) both on the right track.Ⅱ.单句改错(·四川高考)When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.her→his [再解读要点]1．人称代词人称代词有主格(I，we，they，he，she，it)和宾格(me，us，them，him，her，it)等之分。
主格在句中作主语；宾格用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语或同位语。
To really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune.只有在不幸时才能真正了解一个人。
2．物主代词形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their)相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。
名词性物主代词(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs)相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。
(朗文辞典)The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。
第二部分语法及语法填空专题二自由填空第二讲代词和介词（短语）O板块一考题体验•聚—焦高考板块二考点透析•突破高考考生在代词和介词的学习过程中存在的问题如下：I ■（1）对代词的基本功能和用法掌握不扎实；（2）在使用时，未判断所指代内容，单凭语感解题；（3）易混代词的用法特点不能把握；（4）介词及介词短语在使用时混乱，不能切实掌握常见介词的特点。
考点一常见代词类型的基本用法1人称代词用来代替人或物，有人称、数和格的变化，其形式如下：2物主代词：在句子中作定语修饰名词或代词的为形容词性物主代词；在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词+〃・”的为名词性物主代词，通常在句子中作主语或宾语，如下表：注意：⑴形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，修饰名词，如：her father她的父亲。
（2）“of（介词）+名词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”构成双重所有格，如：a friend of my fathers我父亲的朋友中的一个。
［典例1］［2015-广东揭阳学业水平考试］Everyone in the room held their breath as the music began. When 小厂all saw tears flowing down my pale cheeks, the song had only been played halfway.［解析］根据空格的位置可知句子中缺少主语，并且根据上下文语境可知，该空格代指的是“everyone", 故用they来代替。
I；；］；；；［典例2］［2015•黑龙江双鸭山一中期末］Kevin Daly was sentenced to nearly three years in prison after hi closing control of partner Alice Hicks' car on a country road.［解析］”考查代词用法。
此空无提示词，后面是名词，一般填形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，根据句意，此处填血。
［典例3］［2015-ill西康杰中学四校联考］At first she took my hands in hers (she) and listenedpatiently as I mentioned my worries.［解析］考查代词用法。
根据语意，该空格指代的内容是her hands,在介词后面应填名词性物主代词，故答案是herso3指示代词:this,that,these,those；其中this,these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与"here”连用；that,those 是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与%heE连用。
4反身代词(1)反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语、同位语等You shouldn't leave the child by himself at home. 你不应把孩子独自留在家里。
' 'I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important・1 I事情本身并不重要。
(2)常见的一些含反身代词的固定搭配：: by oneself 独自地for oneself 亲自enjoy oneself玩得愉快behave oneself 举止良好seat oneself 坐下来devote oneself to 专心于come to oneself 苏醒过来dress oneself 自己穿衣help oneself to随便吃，随便用［典例4］［2015•河南开封二模］Only human beings can choose where and how they want to live and then improve the physical environment to help (hem、el\ c、realize these choices.［解析］考查代词的用法。
根据空格位于help Z后，应填名词/代词，结合语意可知此处填反身代词themselves,指代human beings0考点二易混不定代词的区别1 one, ones, the one, the ones，those, it, that 的区别[典例5] [2015福建泉州五校摸底]As a fresh man, what matters is to find a right position in the university,one that best suits your personality and ability.［解析］考查代词用法。
代替上文中的a nght position即泛指可数名词单数，因此填one。
2the other, other, another, othersRecycling is one way to protect the environment； reusing is another.1xXO <回收是保护环境的-种方法；而重复使用是另-种。
*［典例6］［2015-云南玉溪一中期中］People visit other countries for various reasons: some travel on business; travel to visit interesting places・［解析］考查代词的用法。
根据前面的语境可知此处应表示“其他的人” ；some...; others...故答案是others o3either, both, neither, all, none, anydo.拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做、V②Tve lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like either of them very much. 我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。
[典例7] [2015•安庆一中四模]—Did your mother have a professional career, or did she work at home?—Actually, she did both when we were young, she stayed at ter, she went back to school and became a teacher.［解析］考查代词的用法。
根据空格后的内容可知“母亲两件事情都做过”，故填both。
4none, no one 与nothing 的区别(1)none指代人和物，强调数量，一般回答howmany/much的提问。
［C(2)noone指人，强调没有人，一般回答who的提问。
；\ ((3)nothing指物，一般用来回答what的提问。
| | I I »［典例8］ I knew that 口°山哄would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be adirector. ［解析］考查代词c根据下文中他从未放弃可知“没什么”能让他泄气，故填nothingo 1 1［典例9］ My brother would like to buy a good watch but “ne was available from that shop.［解析］考查代词。
but为关键信息，上文说“买一块手表” ,but后表示“没有一块”,故用noneo考点三it的用法lit指代前面所提到过的事情' 事物；身份不明的人或婴儿，未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。
The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.（指双方都明白的事帕克一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作需要去做。
2it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。
①New technologies have it possible to turn out new products faster at a lower cost.®新的科技使得在高效率低成本的前提下生产出新的产品变为可能。
I I②As far as I'm concerned, it is no use arguing with him; he won't change his mind.就我个人而言，同他争论没用，他不会改变主意。
3表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it,构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, ap preciate 等。
©They would appreciate it, to be frank, if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.坦率地说，如果货物尽快被送到，他们会感激不尽。
I I I I I②Laughter is the best medicine—at least when it comes to protecting your heart.笑是最好的药，至少当涉及保护心脏的时候（是这样）。
1 1 1 4it用于强调句型及其他固定句式中。
It is on the farm where we worked together that we got to know each other.我们是在一起工作过的农场上相互认识的。
III I 5it用来指代时间' 地点等；也可用于不表示明确意义的语境中，通常不指代内容，如：getit（明白了）; make it（成功了）； forget it（算了吧）等结构中。
［典例10］ When 川comes to saving energy, big changes start with small steps, like turning off the lights.［解析］考查it用于u when it comes to sth?这一固定结构中，表示“当提到”。
［典例11］_____ was not until 1820 that Hans Christian Oersted and Andre Marie Ampere discovered that an electric current produces a magnetic field.［解析］考查强调句型结构。
