英语试题带翻译

公共英语部分

1、Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to

take on formal learning.

1、早期教育的批评者引用研究质疑4岁的孩子准备正式的学习。

Educators find that older toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers,

whereas their younger counterparts are more likely to fail.

教育工作者发现，年纪大的孩子在学校的职业生涯中更有可能成功，而年轻的孩子则更容易失败。

Kindergarten children who turn five during the latter half of the year seem to be at a

disadvantage when it comes to physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development.

在孩子们的身体、情感、社会和智力发展方面，幼儿园的孩子在今年下半年的5岁时似乎处于不利地位。

Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten tend to receive better

grades and score higher on achievement tests throughout their schooling experience than do

those who begin kindergarten having just turned five.

此外，在他们进入幼儿园的时候，将近6岁的孩子在学业上的成绩往往比那些刚满5岁的孩子获得更好的成绩和分数。

Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the same thing.

聪明伶俐，语言能力好，准备好上学似乎不是一回事。

It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of today’s children with

inner maturity.

我们很容易将当今许多孩子的表面上的优雅和成熟与内在的成熟相混淆。

Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs: Youngsters whose parents push

them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have more anxiety about tests,

and, by the end of kindergarten, fail to maintain their initial academic advantage over their

less-pressured peers.

的确,有证据表明,早期教育最大化:年轻人的父母把他们在幼儿园获得学术成就更有创造力,有更多的焦虑测试,,年底幼儿园,无法维持最初的学术优势女成凤同行。

Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a

formal educational setting.

许多心理学家和教育者对4岁孩子在正规教育背景下的做法仍然心存疑虑。

They question whether environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in

developmental timetable of a child reared in a non disadvantaged home.

他们质疑环境的丰富是否能显著改变在非贫困家庭中长大的孩子的内在发展时间表。

They do not deny, however, the value of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a

homelike environment and allow children considerable freedom to play, develop at their own

pace, and evolve their social skills.

他们不否认,然而,日托中心和幼儿园的价值提供了一个舒适的环境,让孩子们相当大的自由发挥,开发自己的速度和发展他们的社交技巧。

But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now expected of

them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds.

但是他们指出，孩子们在一年级时曾经做过的许多事情现在都是在幼儿园里的，他们担心现在会有越来越多的孩子被问及4岁的孩子。

These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too hard and thereby

depriving them of their childhood.

这些心理学家和教育工作者认为，我们正把孩子们拉得太紧，从而剥夺了他们的童年。

2、In country after country, talk of nonsmokers’ right is in the air.

2,在各个国家,说话的不吸烟者的权利是在空中。

While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced

legislative steps to control smoking.

虽然大多数国家已经很少或没有采取行动,一些30个国家采用了立法措施控制吸烟。

Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to

cut cigarette consumption.

介绍了许多法律在其他国家为不吸烟者帮助净化空气,或减少香烟消费。

In some developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become more or less stabilized.

在一些发达国家香烟的消费已成为或多或少稳定。

However, in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress—and is even encouraged.

然而,在许多发展中国家,吸烟被视为经济进步和甚至鼓励的迹象。

As more tobacco companies go international, new markets are sought to gain new smokers in

those countries.

随着越来越多的国际烟草公司去新市场正在寻求获得新的吸烟者在这些国家。

For example, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the

Middle East and North Africa—where U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in

1974.

例如,巨大的努力是由美国烟草行业销售香烟在中东和北那里美国烟草出口在1974年增加了27%以上。

Smoking is harmful to the health of people.

吸烟有害人的健康。

World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it.

世界各国政府应该进行严肃的反对它。

Restrictions on cigarette advertisement, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public

smoking in certain places such as theaters, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popular tools

used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking.

限制香烟广告,加上包健康警告,禁止公共场所吸烟在某些地方如剧院、电影院和餐馆,是最受欢迎的国家所使用的工具支持的不吸烟者或遏制吸烟。

But world attention also is focusing on another step which will make the smoker increasingly

self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit.

但世界关注也关注另一个步骤将使吸烟者对他的习惯越来越自觉和不舒服。

Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dreadful consequences of

taking up the habit.

应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人尤其是占用习惯的可怕的后果。

And cigarette price should be boosted.

和香烟价格应该提高。

In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were

banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.