商务英语综合教程IV(第三版)Unit2

Unit 2NegotiationsLead-inTask 1Suggested AnswersTask 2Key1. 订货2. 发盘3. 还盘4. 询价5. 购货合同6. 销售确认书Reading AStarting PointTask 1Translation主要的个人及团队谈判风格在过去几十年里，商品交易会一直被公认为是最有效的营销手段之一。

但近几年情况发生了变化：出于安全和成本的考虑，不少商家都在缩减参展次数，转而将目光投向互联网。

谈判员及其谈判团队必须选择一种能最大限度服务于其谈判目标的谈判风格，在确保对手不会放弃此次谈判的前提下，从对手那儿获取最大的让步。

然而，同一种谈判风格并不适用于所有场合，而每一次谈判也并不是所有风格都适用。

谈判员必须要懂得变通，能够根据情况的变化调整谈判风格。

对自身进行真实而全面的评估，有利于谈判人员选择最适用的谈判风格。

主要的个人谈判风格包括:进攻型、顺从型、被动型、胁迫型、技巧型、财务型、顽固型、实务型及傲慢型。

以被动型为例。

在谈判桌上，被动型的谈判人员并非如他们表面所展示的那样。

这种风格往往被发展中的、合同律法尚未完善的经济体所运用。

被动型谈判员往往会使对方误以为双方已达成共识，故而使对方将一切底牌亮到谈判桌上。

而被动的一方并不亮牌，只是频频点头，使对方认为双方已达成共识。

但点头仅仅表示他们听明白了。

一旦一切底牌亮出，先前被动的一方便开始挑选对自己有利的条款，而就那些他们未能接受的条款开始展开主动积极、甚至是攻势凶猛的谈判。

顽固型是谈判员偏好的另一种风格。

某些谈判员会利用固执掩盖他们真正的动机，分散对手的注意力。

另一种方式是在某些原本被视为无谈判余地的点上进行让步。

这种做法有利于谈判员以回报为理由，从对手那边获取更多重大的让步。

主要的团队谈判风格包括:舆论统一型、牛仔型、逐个击破型和软硬兼施型。

尽管“牛仔”一词带有强烈的个人主义色彩，貌似不大适用于商务领域，在国际商务谈判中，牛仔型的谈判风格就意味着由“路线总指挥”(通常都是由首席谈判员来担任)整合反对意见，并使对方按首席谈判员指定的方向前进。

大学英语综合教程4unit2passageB作文答案（新）Unit1Men Are Different from Women in Many WaysTraditionally, men and women were seen as opposite poles of a magnet. Men were strong, women were weak; men were the breadwinners, women were the homemakers; men were rational, women were emotional. In accordance with these beliefs, the men filled the leadership positions in society, as well as the majority of positions that required courage, clear-thinking and intellect. Women took on the nurturing, caring or supportive jobs such as nurse, teacher, assistant. However, modern society has greatly challenged these perceived differences between men and womenThese days gender roles are becoming less clear. Women are moving into the male-dominated occupations and proving that they can be equally successful in these fields. Moreover, some men are taking on the homemaker role and finding that it suits them. In some cultures, for example the Naxi culture of southwestern China, the women have always been the head of the household and responsible for both work and finance.So, are men and women really all that different? From the changing perspectives towards this question, it would seem that socialization plays a large role in defining masculinity and femininity in any given time period and in any given culture. In other words, perhaps men and women are not that different after all. Unit2Culture plays an important role in business. In different cultures there are different ideas about when meetings should be scheduled, how much notice should be given, Where peopleshould be seated and how the negotiations should be proceed. During the negotiations there are also vast cultural differences in what is considered appropriate language, communication style and body language. For example, some culture value eye contact, others do not. Some cultures use 'yes' as an acknowledgement of what the person has said, other use 'yes' only for agreement.Social conventions of greeting, dressing, eating and entertaining also vary considerably amongst cultures and these are important to learn since a lot of business takes place while having dinner or enjoyingdrinks together.If a businessman attempts a cross-cultural business partnership without an adequate awareness of his associate's culture, he is likely to encounter misunderstanding and may even cause offence. This will damage and may even end the business relationship. Therefore, cultural differences must be carefully handled when doing business with people from different countries.Unit3Fighting Against PiracyNowadays the problem of piracy has become increasingly serious. Not only is there a serious lack of knowledge amongst the general public about piracy issues, but there is also an attitude of indifference.These days piracy is strongly evident in the commercial world in the wide availability of illegal VCDs and DVDs , the inclusion of Copyrighted pictures, web graphics, video clips and magazine portions in business presentations and the photocopying of books and articles for distribution without the author's permission.The negative consequences of piracy are two-fold. Firstly, the Copyright owners are likely to suffer significant financial losses. Secondly, the Copyright owner loses recognition, if the source of the material is unacknowledged.Therefore it is important for all citizens to become educated about piracy issues, to follow copyright laws in their own lives, and to encourage their colleagues and friends to do the same.Unit4The Importance of Learning Spoken EnglishIn today's modern world, learning spoken English has many advantages. English is fast becoming the international language of many fields, including politics, business and education. Not only is English used between native speakers and non-native speakers, but it is also used increasingly as a common language in interactions between non-native speakers.Having a good grasp of spoken English helps you to improve your chances of employment. These days, there are many foreign companies operating from China, and many Chinese-owned companies have trade links withforeign partners. These companies require speakers of English with sufficient language skills to ensure smooth business transactions.Spoken English also provides the chances for you to communicate socially with people from many other countries. It gives you a window into other cultures, and other perspectives of the world. It also gives you access to foreign films, TV programs, music and news.Therefore, spoken English is an important and fundamental tool in today's global village.Unit5Business EthicsCreating and sustaining an ethical corporation isn't as difficult as you might think; it's actually easier than some of the day-to-day business challenges you face. The keys to running an ethical company are accountability, honesty, and information transparency.Corporations aren't ethical or evil in and of themselves--but people can be. So ethics must focus on you and the people you work with. Most people want to do the right thing, but organizational structure doesnot guarantee they will do the right thing, without meaning to or even knowing it. Structuring an ethical corporation makes the goal easier to achieve.The challenge could not be more urgent. A substantial majority of people in China are dissatisfied with the social behavior of our corporations, say several recent news reports. Poor treatment of workers at home and abroad, products that don't perform as advertised, fake commodities, poor customer service, environmental pollution, to mention a few.Responsible behavior is important to your business success, but let's not forget that you're in business--you're not out to solve the world's problems. So how do you balance the two? What does it mean to be ethical in business?It simply requires that you follow your best moral instincts, even in areas that don't appear to involve moral issues, such as cost-benefit analyses. But while good ethics often equates to good business, sometimes it doesn't. Sometimes being truly ethical means giving up something you want in exchange for doing the rightthing. That's why we worry about ethics in the first place--ifit didn't cost us anything, everyone would be ethical all the time.Unit6SPORTS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH.Sports do much good to our health. Especially they can be of great value to our psychological health. People who are involved in athletics feel more self-sufficient and confident in their abilities. They feel they are in control of their own actions. Sports offer people an opportunity to experience If each of them learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.Unit7Life after RetirementThe moment of retirement will mean the beginning of a new life for Old Jack. From the age of 16 to 60, he kept working very hard. Work and study, family and society were what he focused on. Now, in retirement, he wants to have a life of his own. The first thing hewants to do is to travel around the world, to visit the African wildlife, to appreciate the glorious Western and Oriental culture and to go to every corner of the world he has ever dreamed of. Then, he will find a beautiful quiet place, and write. He will write about his own world. Maybe, he will not publish it, and he will simply write for fun. Of course, family life will remain important for him. Every week, when his family gathers together, they will share their happiness and solve their problems together. Life after retirement means much more time for him, and he will enjoy every minute of it.Unit8On GlobalizationIn the process of globalization, many foreign things have entered into our lives and have changed our lives. This has made the world become smaller and smaller. For example, we can watch foreign movies, enjoy foreign food, wear fashionable foreign clothes, and even use high-tech products imported from advanced countries. Some people even celebrate the foreign festivals and adopt foreign lifestyle or foreign ideasin order to be a global citizen. Whenever you go, you may find things that are familiar to you in your hometown or homeland. Many parts of the world are watching the same film, and the same song is popular at the same time all over the world. Even the style of architecture has become identical, especially in cosmopolitan cites, you may find some similar features in their city buildings.There are different ideas about globalization. Those who are in favor of globalization take a positive and optimistic attitude towards it. What they value most is the good effects of the globalization and the various benefits it brings about. However, there are also some people who strongly dislike the idea and the practice of globalization. They place more emphasis on the bad or evil effects of globalization.In my opinion, every coin has two sides. We should take a realistic attitude towards globalization. On the one hand, globalization of the economy and to some extent, the globalization of culture may bring some advantages. It may promote the development of less developed areas, improve some people's living standardand enrich their local culture, and also give people more chances to know about others which are quite different from their own. On the other hand, globalization may bring aboutsome disadvantages or negative effects. For example, the world will lose its cultural diversity because of the invasion and prevailing of one culture, and some cultures will lose its cultural identities and peculiar characteristics. Thus, it's appropriate for us to take a balanced attitude towards globalization.。

Key to Unit TwoMyths and LegendsOverviewWarm-up ActivitiesIntensive ReadingExtensive ReadingReading & WritingWarm-up ActivitiesL Starting upA. Decide from your common sense which of the following is a myth, a legend or a fable. Thencompare them with your partner H•Kua Fu Chases the Sun. (myth)•Yu the Great Conquers the Flood, (legend)•Nii Gua Mends the Sky. (myth)•The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse, (fable)•Zeus, Prometheus and Pandora・(myth)•Mark the Boat for a Dropped Sword, (fable)•Venus, the Roman goddess of love・(myth)•King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table・(legend)•The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing, (fable)•Robin Hood—Bold Outlaw of Barnsdale and Sherwood Forest, (legend)IL ListeningListen to the following three passages and then do the relevant exercises-A. Listen to Passage 1 and answer the questions.1.Their names arc Plan Ahead, Think Fast, and Wait and See・2.Towards the same issue, the three fish made different responses: Plan Ahead said, "Fmswimming down the river tonight!" Think Fast said, "Fm sure Pll come up with a plan." Wait and See lazily said, T just cant think about it now!"3.When the fisherman cast his nets, Plan Ahead was long gone・ But Think Fast and Wait and Seewere caught! Think Fast quickly rolled his belly up and pretended to be dead and so the fisherman threw him safely back into the water. But, Wait and See ended up in the fish market.B・Listen to Passage2 describing the myth and legend which surround St George's Day and complete the sentences below.1.slayer, saviour, medieval texts and art, little information about2.valorous deeds, 12th century, rescuing a king's daughter, slaying a dragon3.popularized, knights, Middle East4.have appeared, white robes, siege, patron saint, Henry V*s victory5.stake a claim, invoke, exorcise demons, associated with fertilityC. Listen to Passage 3. In this part, you will hear a lecture given by a historian・ He will talk aboutthe 1906 San Francisco earthquake myths which persist even after JOO years. After you have heard the lecture, select the best answer from the four given choices.1. B2. C3. D4. D5. C6. D7. A & DIIL DiscussionB. Work in groups of three or four and discuss the following questions:1.Yes, it is. In the absence of scientific information of any kind, long ago societies all over the world devised creation myths, resurrection myths, and complex systems of supernatural beings, each with specific powers, and stories about their actions. Since people were often isolated from each other, most myths evolved independently, but the various myths arc surprisingly similar, in particular creation myths.2.The first function of myth is the need: myth is a universal need. Over time, one version of a mythwould become the accepted standard that was passed down to succeeding generations, first through story-telling, and then, much later, set down in written form. Inevitably myths became part of systems of religion, and were integrated into rituals and ceremonies, which included music, dancing and magic.The second function of myth is to justify an existing social system and to account for its rites and customs. One constant rule of mythology is whatever happens among the gods reflects events on earth・In this way, events such as invasions and radical social changes became incorporated into myths. Some myths, especially those from the Greco-Roman and medieval periods, also serve to illustrate moral principles, frequently through feats of heroism performed by mortals.ExercisesL Reading Comprehension1.Yes, they are・ Myths are significant stories for their culture, and their significance sometimesresonates over millennia and far beyond their original culture・ Myths permeate every culture, and are borrowed, retold, and live again in fresh imaginings. They are the stories of cultural beginnings, of how people's lives and ways of thinking came to be shaped, and they still help to shape the way that many people understand themselves and the world.2.Explanatory myths pose and offer the answers to questions that puzzle the philosophers・ Suchquestions cannot be answered from a purely rational framework, and the greatest philosophers have sometimes resorted to the language of myth to treat such issues. On the other hand,etiological myths explain the range of phenomena in the world by offering answers that science casts aside, as science has its own rational explanations for celestial visitors like comets and eclipses, phenomena of the weather, geological formations, and the like, but these myths still offer a truth of the imagination, if not the scientific truth that can be weighed and calculated and predicted・3.Because myths give the peoples of the world reasons for ritual, and enforce certain socialbehaviors with promises of divine favor and real threats of divine punishment. Especially in tribal cultures, myths are potent means of socializing children into the ways of the people.Myths lay down the many important rules, for instance, for the right behavior toward animals that are hunted, or set up the precedent for a peopled system of law.4.This is due to the cultural differences・ In times before literacy was widespread, in the daysbefore the printing press, myths were told and retold countless times. Some cultures valued the precise words of their myths as sacred texts given to them by the gods, and they sought to transmit their myths in exactly the same way. Other cultures enjoyed varying the elements of the story, so that each time the myth was retold, it would be slightly different, with its listeners enjoying the variations as part of the pleasure of hearing this particular version of the traditional (ale.5.Besides using words as a medium to pass on myths from generation to generation, people alsouse sacred artworks or carvings on rocks, special dances or music, and ritual enactment to spread myths・6.Perhaps it is because all peoples have a thirst for insights into the mysteries of life, from theorigin of consciousness to the end of the world. And myths tend to have an enduring power because they do not limit the world to statistically verifiable facts and figures, because they people the familiar world with wonder and marvel, and because they intersect humanity with the world of the animals and that of the gods・ All myths stretch our ways of perceiving the world, and have the power to lift us away from our mental habits・7.He says that we need the stories of myth to make sense of the confusion of our society and ourown psyches. Myths voice the truths of our unconscious selves, and the gods, goddesses, and heroes of myth embody aspects of creativity, cleverness, grief, joy, aggression, and ecstasy. The monsters of myth are really monsters of the mind; the tragedies and triumphs of myth reflect upon the ways in which we seem to be tossed to and fro psychologically by forces that arc beyond our control. Human beings arc myth-makers by nature, always curious, always psychologically living out the patterns of myth or being lived out by them・8.Because the printing press came into popular use, and it has helped to fix one form of a story asthe correct version. Besides, radio, film, television, and video have also helped to fix more stories, which in turn discouraged the art of telling and retelling traditional stories over and over again.9.The Internet. Myth may once again flourish in chat rooms and e-mail transmissions, on a scalefar beyond that of the ancients・1(). Because in our life some popular figures are loved by people and sometimes they are even treated as peopled idols all over the world. When they died, people will use different ways to commemorate them and gradually the stories told about them will have different variations and become more or less myths.IL Paraphrase1.For their own cultures, myths are important stories which are liked, enjoyed by the people andthey have lasted for thousands of years, and what is more, they even spread through all the other foreign cultures, and gain new versions, interpretations and variations while being told. (Para. 2) 2.Some myths explain the hard questions and describe the difficult phenomena which thephilosophers want to understand・(Pant 3)3.Many myths focusing on the causes and reasons of the natural phenomena have their ownunderstandings and interpretations towards these things. But science does not think they are right because it has its own reasonable explanations for the space issues, for instance, the comets, the eclipses, the change of the weather, the geological formations and so on. But in these myths there is a certain truth although the truth cannot be regarded as the scientific one, as the latter can be measured and seen in advance. (Para. 4)4.Myths give the people of all nationalities in the world the reasons for religious ceremonies,emphasize and strengthen the social manners・ If they follow the practice, they can get the praise and honour from a god or God, otherwise, they will be likely punished by them. (Para. 5) 5.Most myth writers arc unknown because they were told long before the writing came into being,and only few of the first story tellers could be known. (Para. 6)6.Myths are told in different forms. We can find them in the religious paintings, rock carvings,unique dances or music, and religious performance・(Para・ 7)7.Certainly some myths give praise and thanks to a state or city, give religious punishment toinvasion and political control over other countries, but this is not the reason why these myths could last much longer than the state or the empire themselves for several thousand years・ The reason is that in the myths there is something which is strong and super eno ugh which makes the myths go far beyond the reason itself and the different cultures・(Para. 8)X. Myths are likely to last longer because they do not restrict themselves to the confirmed facts and numbers, because they give wonders and surprises to people in their normal life, and because they join the world of animals and the world of gods with the world of human beings. (Para. 9) 9.By nature human beings love to create myths because they want to know about things, and inheart they want to experience the life style in myths or they wish the life style of myths could be part of their experience・(Para. 11)10.The sudden, large increase of great sadness people felt over the death of Princess Diana is thesame as people all over the world felt over the much earlier and unexpected death of the Norse god Baldr. (Para. 13)IIL Word Practice1. strenuous2. afresh3. variation4. permeated5. embody6. t ran see nd7. glorify8. precedent9. anonymous 10. legitimate 11. cast 12. commemorate13. console 14. outlast 15. ecstasyExtended ActivitiesIL Word Practice1. calculated2. transmitted3. decoration4. to enforce5. insights6. posed 7・ claimed 8. distorted9. determined 10. stumbled 1 i. predicted 12. advent 13. celebrates 14. Perceiving 15. fascinatingIII.Cloze1. head2. invaders3. persuaded4. battle5. stake6. glimpse7. period8. chaos9. surrounding 1(). grasp 11 ・ fascinated 12. victory 13. conclude 14. symbol 15. bombardingIV< Translation1 ・ The lives of many different scientists have shaped the way that people view the world.2.Chinese scientists have traced the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus back to asimilar virus found in the civet cat, an animal found in the wild in China.3.If the fantasy originates at the moment of loss, then it must gesture toward a mythic origin.4.Located in the heart of Kabul, Flower Street is different at Christmas from any other time of theyear, transformed into a festival place.5.You may have failed the examination, but you can at least console yourself with the thought thatyou did your best.Extensive ReadingChinese Creation MythologyExercisesL Speed Reading Comprehension4. A5. D1. B2. c 3・CIII. Word Practice1. merging2. trailing 3・weird 4. purports 5. cardinal6・ transfonned 7. whirl 8. wander 9. propriety 10. trodden Reading & WritingJupiter9s Love Towards EuropaExercisesL Reading Comprehension1. C2. C3. A4. B5. D。

《世纪商务英语——综合教程IV》（第三版）教案Unit 1 Import and ExportRelated InformationProcedures for Import and ExportAs import from one country means export of that country, take the procedures of export transaction as an example to illustrate the general procedures for import and export:1. Market researchThe most difficult part of exporting is taking the first step. Any exporter who wants to sell his products in a foreign country or countries must first conduct a lot of market research. Market research is a process of conducting research into a specific market for a particular product. Export market research, in particular, is a study of a given market abroad to determine the needs of that market and the methods by which the products can be supplied. The exporter needs to know which foreign companies are likely to use his products or might be interested in marketing and distributing the products in their country. He must think whether there is a potential for making a profit.2. Business negotiationIf a foreign company is interested in buying the exporter’s products, negotiation should be organized. Business negotiation plays a very important role in the conclusion and implementation of a sales contract. It has a great bearing on the economic interests of the parties concerned. No matter what way the negotiations are held, in general, they consist of the following links: enquiry, offer, counter offer, acceptance and conclusion of sales contract, among which offer and acceptance are two indispensable links for reaching an agreement and concluding a contract.3. Conclusion of sales contractAs soon as an offer is accepted, a written sales contract or sales confirmation is usually required to be signed between the buyer and the seller to confirm the sales and stipulate their rights and obligations respectively. A sales contract or sales confirmation contains some general terms and conditions as well as the specific terms that vary with the commodity. But such terms as the names of the seller and the buyer, the description of the goods, quality and specification, quantity, packing, unit price, amount, payment, date of delivery, shipping, insurance, inspection, claim and arbitration are indispensable. The sales contract or salesconfirmation is normally made out in two originals, one for the buyer and the other for his seller.4. Implementation of contractUnder CIF contract with terms of payment by L/C, the implementation of export contract usually goes through the steps of goods preparation, inspection application, reminding of L/C, examination and modification of L/C, chartering and booking shipping space, shipment, insurance, documents preparation for bank negotiation and the settlement of claims, etc.①Preparing goods for shipmentAfter a contract is made, it is the main task for the exporter to prepare the goods for shipment and check them against the terms stipulated in the contract. The quality, specification, quantity, marking and the packing should be in line with the contract or the L/C, the date for the preparation should agree with the shipping schedule.②Inspection applicationIf required by the stipulations of the states or contract, the exporter should obtain a certificate of inspection from the institutions concerned where the goods are inspected. Usually, the commodity will be released only after the issuance of the inspection certificate by the inspection organization.③Reminding, examining and modifying L/CIn international trade, a banker’s letter of credit is commonly used for the payment of purchase price. In the course of the performance of contract, one of the necessary steps for the seller is to urge the buyer to establish an L/C. According to the contract, the buyer should establish the L/C on time, but sometimes he may delay for various reasons. For the safe collection of payment, the seller has to urge the buyer to expedite the opening of the L/C. Upon receipt of a letter of credit, the seller must examine it very carefully to make sure that all terms and conditions are stipulated in accordance with the contract. If any discrepancies exist, the seller should contact the buyer immediately for necessary amendments so as to guarantee the smooth execution of the contract.④Chartering and booking shipping spaceAfter receiving the relevant L/C, the exporter should contact the ship’s agents or the shipping company for the chartering and the booking of shipping space and prepare for the shipment in accordance with the importer’s shipping instruction. Chartering is required for goods of large quantity which needs full shipload; and for goods in small quantities, space booking would be enough.⑤Customs formalitiesBefore the goods are loaded, certain procedures in customs formalities have to be completed. As required, completed forms giving particulars of the goods exported together with the copy of the sales contract, invoice, packing list, weight memo, commodity inspection certificate and other relevant documents, have to be lodged with the customs.After the goods are on board, the shipping company or the ship’s agent will issue a bill of lading which is a receipt evidencing the loading of the goods on board the ship.⑥Find a customs brokerTo different countries, import customs clearance procedures may differ. In some countries, the customs service does not require an importer to have a license or permit and an individual may make his own customs clearance of goods imported for personal use or business. You’d better, however, have a licensed customs broker (or a freight forward er) act as the clearing agent for you unless you’re very familiar with the import customs clearance formalities in your country.Therefore, the first tip is to find a licensed customs broker who can work with you on a long term basis. They are especially valuable to you when your business is not located in the destination air/sea port which is usually the port of entry —if you’re unable to be there to prepare and file your entry, the customs broker may act as your agent, pick up and deliver the shipment to your door.⑦InsuranceThe export trade is subject to many risks. For example, ships may sink or consignments may be damaged in transit, exchange rates may alter, buyers default or government suddenly impose an embargo, etc. It is customary to insure goods sold for export against the perils of the journey. The cover paid for will vary according to the type of goods and the circumstances. If the exporter has bought insurance for the goods, he will be reimbursed for the losses.⑧Documents preparation for bank negotiationAfter the shipment, all kinds of documents required by the L/C shall be prepared by the exporter and the importer and presented, within the validity of the L/C to the bank for negotiation. As to the shipping documents, they include the commercial invoice, bill of lading, insurance policy, packing list, weight memo, certificate of inspection, and, in some cases, consular invoice, certificate of origin, etc. Documents should be correct, complete, concise and clean. Only after the documents are checked to be fully in conformity with the L/C, the opening bank makes the payment. Payment shall be disregarded by the bank for any discrepancies in the documents.⑨Settlement of disputesIn international trade, it’s not uncommon for imports to be de layed, or to find that when goods arrive the shipment is incomplete or contains damaged goods. It may be the supplier’s responsibility, the importer’s fault, or caused by shipping or customs delays. In any case, it’s worth agreeing in advance how deliveries will be inspected and how problems will be handled. In most cases, returning incorrect shipments and waiting for a new delivery is too expensive and time consuming.Lead-in1. Listening1. F2. T3. T4. TTape Script:International Trade is One of the Hot Industries of the New Millennium International trade is one of the hot industries of the new millennium. But it’s not new. Think Marco Polo. Think the great caravans of the biblical age with their cargoes of silk and spice. Think even further back to prehistoric man trading shells and salt with distant tribes. Trade exists because one group or country has a supply of some commodity or merchandise that is in demand by another. And as the world becomes more and more technologically advanced, as we shift in subtle and not so subtle ways toward one world modes of thought, international trade becomes more and more rewarding both in terms of profit and personal satisfaction.2. Spot Dictationplicated2. conclude a transaction.3. in the course of4.undergoes four stages5.implementing the contract6.illustrateText ALanguage Study1. merchandise①n. commercial goods; commodities 商品，货物◆There is much discount merchandise on holidays.◆Merchandise first should be the products of labour.②vt. to engage in the commercial purchase and sale of (goods or services); trade 做生意，交易◆He is merchandising auto parts.merchandise broker 商品经纪人merchandise budget 商品预算merchandise export 商品出口merchandise cost 商品成本2. brokern.an agent who, acting on behalf of a principal, buys or sells goods, securities, etc, in return for a commission (股票债券等的)经纪人,(买卖的)中间人,代理人◆He set up in business as an insurance broker.brokerage n. 经纪业，佣金，回扣，经纪费broker agent 经纪人兼代理人broker insurance 保险代理人3. prospectivea. looking towards the future 将来的，未来的；盼望中的；预期的；有希望的◆The foreign investor withdrew funds without getting his prospective benefits.◆She demonstrates an article to a prospective buyer.prospective buyer 可能的买主prospective damage 预计的损失prospective market 未来的市场prospective return 预期收益prospective benefits 预期利益4. outlayn. an expenditure of money, effort, etc 费用，花费；支出◆The weekly outlay on day-to-day operation in the company was enormous.◆This will involve high expenses and nonrecoverable outlays.outlay accounts 支出账户outlay cost 支出成本outlay for loan payment 偿还债务支出outlay of liquidation 清理支出5. attorneyn. a person appointed to act for another in business or legal matters (业务或法律事务上的)代理人◆The attorney’s summation was telling.◆He has been appointed as the attorney of the company to sign the contract with itspartner.attorney at law 律师attorney fee 律师公费attorney general 首席检察官power of attorney 委托权; 委任书6. substantiala. large in amount or number 很多的，大量的◆The man incurred substantial losses during the stock market crash.◆The existence of substantial invisible income suggests that the income distributionsystem should be standardized.substantial cost differentials 巨大成本差额substantial increase 大幅度增长substantial labour surplus market 劳动力大量剩余市场7. identifyvt. recognize sb/sth and be able to say who or what they are 确认、证明某人（某事物）；鉴别出◆The man refused to identify himself as the person who should have been in full chargeof the accident.identification n.识别，证实，核对dentification card 身份证dentification dimensions 船舶文件规定的尺度identify oneself with 支持，参与8. make a commitment (to sb/sth) 作出承诺◆I’d like to make sure if it is acceptable to the factory before making a commitment toyou.9. relieve...of... 免除某人的职务；解除某人的(负担等)；减轻某人的(痛苦等)◆The company relieved Mr. Brown of his post as manager.◆The workers are relieving of burdens from the ship.Translation of the Text商品进出口对大多数国家来说，进出口是国际收入和支出的主要来源。

外研社，新编大学英语综合教程4Unit2 The Power of WordsQuiz答案1. Choose the most appropriate word or phrase to complete each of the followingsentences.1. Watch-making and tourism are the chief __________ of that country.A. projectsB. campaignsC. enterprisesD. investments2. The newspaper devoted a __________ to the discussion of the development of the suburbs.A. columnB. cornerC. queueD. row3. He wanted her to believe that he was __________ in what he had told her.A. generousB. sincereC. empiricalD. acceptable4. The major read the order and then passed it __________ to the commander.A. awayB. offC. alongD. apart5. I caught my shirt on a nail and nearly had it torn __________.A. offB. upC. awayD. down6. The policeman __________ his shoulders as if to say there was nothing he could do about thematter.A. switchedB. shruggedC. liftedD. folded7. Our club __________ seven new members at the last meeting.A. enrolledB. ensuredC. enrichedD. entitled8. Her humorous remarks seemed __________, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.A. preciseB. blankC. spontaneousD. bold9. Jane's __________ for gardening is evident by all of these beautiful flowers.A. acquaintanceB. familiarityC. achievementD. enthusiasm10. My wool sweater __________ when I washed it.A. toleratedB. withdrewC. shrankD. flooded11. I caught a __________ of the bus before it disappeared around the corner.A. visionB. glimpseC. guiseD. view12. He is __________ to getting up early and doing morning exercise in the nearby park every day.A. intendedB. accustomedC. probableD. related13. Robinson's photographs are __________ by the intense contrasts of dark and light areas, and theconsequent loss of detail.A. evokedB. savoredC. dedicatedD. characterized14. This __________ sight attracts the camera enthusiasts to Swanland from where excellentphotographs of the bridge can be taken.A. impressiveB. delightfulC. inspiringD. expressive15. He was rather __________ about the reasons why he never finished school.A. vividB. rudeC. toughD. vague16. It seems I __________ you an apology—I was supposed to phone you on Saturday night.A. oweB. earnC. paidD. deserve2. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the words in the brackets.17.The conversation was limited by myYour answer Correct answerimperfect imperfect18.The couple shared a romanticYour answer Correct answerintimacy intimacy19.Your answer Correct answerlengthy lengthy20.It is wise to usejob. (grammar)Your answer Correct answergrammatical grammatical21.And all this praise just because the poor man has died—(sincere)Your answer Correct answerinsincere insincere22.Your answer Correct answervisual visual23.Your answer Correct answerpoetic poetic24.Your answer Correct answercomplimentary complimentary25.Your answer Correct answerpermission permission26.Psychologists have been studyinghuman mental process connected with sight. (perceive)Your answer Correct answerperception perception27.(assume)Your answer Correct answerassumption assumption28.He believes that a certain amount of(rebel)Your answer Correct answerrebellious rebellious29.Your answer Correct answerreassurances reassurances30.Your answer Correct answerexpectation expectation3. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate phrases from the box.31.My piano playing has improvedYour answer Correct answersignificantly significantly32.Your answer Correct answerobjectively objectively33.Children'sYour answer Correct answeracquisition acquisition34.There is littleYour answer Correct answerindication indication35.All she was interested in was theYour answer Correct answeradvancement advancement36.Considering the problems he's had, there can be little(expect)Your answer Correct answerexpectation expectation。

新标准商务英语综合教程3参考答案Unit2知乎1、-We’ve spent too much money recently–well,it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives_______around all the time [单选题] *ingB. had comeC. were comingD have been coming(正确答案)2、A survey of the opinions of students（）that they admit several hours of sitting in front of the computer harmful to health. [单选题] *A. show；areB. shows ；is(正确答案)C.show；isD.shows ；are3、24．I often ask my English teacher some questions ________ e-mail. [单选题] *A．by(正确答案)B．inC．forD．with4、It took a long time to _______ Tom to go shopping with me. [单选题] *A. speakB. tellC. persuade(正确答案)D. talk5、The more he tried to please her, _____she seemed to appreciate it. [单选题] *A.lessB.lesserC.the less(正确答案)D.the lesser6、What do you think of the idea that _____ honest man who married and brought up a large family did more service than he who continued single and only talked of _____ population. [单选题] *A. a, /B. an, /C. a, theD. an, the(正确答案)7、She often _______ at 21: [单选题] *A. go to bedB. gets upC. goes to bed(正确答案)D. gets to8、—What’s the matter with that boy?—______.（）[单选题] *A. He is watching TV in his roomB. He takes his temperatureC. He was playing a toy carD. He hurt his right leg(正确答案)9、Boys and girls, _______ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp(夏令营)．[单选题] *A. puttingB. to putC. put(正确答案)D. puts10、It is my _______ to meet you here. [单选题] *A. pleasure(正确答案)B. pleaseC. pleasedD. pleasant11、He couldn’t ______ the maths problem without your help. [单选题] *A. work out(正确答案)B. work atC. work forD. work with12、Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _______. [单选题] *A. takes offB. is taking off(正确答案)C. has taken offD. took off13、Jim is a(n) _______. He is very careful and likes to work with numbers. [单选题] *A. secretaryB. tour guideC. accountant(正确答案)D. English teacher14、The blue shirt looks _______ better on you than the red one. [单选题] *A. quiteB. moreC. much(正确答案)D. most15、This girl is my best friend, Wang Hui. ______ English name is Jane.（）[单选题] *A. HeB. HisC. SheD. Her(正确答案)16、Mom is making dinner. It _______ so nice! [单选题] *A. smells(正确答案)B. tastesC. feelsD. sounds17、—______ do you play basketball?—Twice a week.（）[单选题] *A. How often(正确答案)B. How muchC. How manyD. How long18、14．He is cutting the apple ________ a knife. [单选题] * A．inB．toC．with(正确答案)D．by19、It _____ us a lot of time to do this job. [单选题] *A. spentB. madeC. took(正确答案)D. cost20、Will you be able to finish your homework _______? [单选题] *A. by the timeB. in time(正确答案)C. once upon a timeD. out of time21、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of（）. [单选题] *A. dateB. shape(正确答案)C. orderD. balance22、The scenery is so beautiful. Let’s _______. [单选题] *A. take photos(正确答案)B. take mapsC. take busD. take exams23、Mum, this T-shirt is much too small for me. Would you buy me a _______ one? [单选题] *A. niceB. largeC. nicerD. larger(正确答案)24、_______ travelers come to visit our city every year. [单选题] *A. Hundred ofB. Hundreds of(正确答案)C. Five HundredsD. Five hundred?of25、The teacher asked him to practice playing the piano _______. [单选题] *A. often as possibleB. as often possibleC. as possible oftenD. as often as possible(正确答案)26、Our campus is _____ big that we need a bike to make it. [单选题] *A. veryB. so(正确答案)C. suchD. much27、Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night, but his parents don’t allow him ______ so. （）[单选题] *B. doneC. to do(正确答案)D. doing28、—______some nice crayons. I think they are ______.（）[单选题] *A. Here is; Betty’sB. Here are; BettyC. Here is; BettyD. Here are; Betty’s(正确答案)29、—______ my surprise, Zhu Hui won the first prize in the speech contest. —But I think he could, because he kept practicing speaking.（）[单选题] *A. To(正确答案)B. AboutC. ForD. In30、Sitting at the back of the room（）a very shy girl with two bright eyes. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areD. there was。

Unit TwoMan and TechnologyEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆ Working with Words and Expressions1.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentenceswith them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)productivity2)phenomenon3)isolation4)gradual5)opponent6)advent7)genetic8)universal9)extreme10)nasty11)boom12)formal13)survey14)Similarly15)modify16)rough2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand theirmeanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)at the same time2)are stuck with3)for certain4)make no difference5)on average6)when it comes to7)are better off8)built into9)come to mind10)close to11)i n favor of▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage. Reflect on thedifferences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2. Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form, paying special attentionto the meaning and spelling.▆ Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family. Getting acquainted witheach member of the family is a sure way to increase your word power. Now complete the following table with words of the same family. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)i nnovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in the following table.▆ Answers:1)Whatever2)Although / Though3)whereas4)However5)though / although6)Granted / Granting that7)as8)WhileTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English.▆ Answers for reference:1)Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2)You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3)She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4)We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5)No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6)Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7)No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8)She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)emphasize2)opposite3)improved4)luxuries5)benefited6)obviously7)consciously8)fractures9)eternal10)groundbreaking11)entitled12)correlation13)depends14)exclusivelyTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s planto build a new library.3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation becauseseveral factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4)I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6)Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is more dangerous.9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes nodifference whether I go there or not.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Y our writing should cover the following points:1) a brief description of the invention2) the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3) the negative impact of the invention on people’s life4) your opinion▇Sample essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better. (184 words)。