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浅析环境公益诉讼中公民的原告资格环境公益诉讼是指为维护公民的环境权益和公共利益，由国家机关或公民、法人、其他组织起诉违法行为，追求生态环境保护与恢复的民事公益诉讼。
在环境公益诉讼中，公民的原告资格十分重要，其合法性和有效性直接影响着环境公益诉讼的成功与否。
因此，本文就公民的原告资格进行了简单的分析。
一、公民的原告资格的内容在环境公益诉讼中，公民的原告资格包括两个方面：主体资格和法定资格。
主体资格是指公民在某些具体的环境保护行为中所具有的提起环境公益诉讼的能力。
法定资格是指公民在特定条件下，依据法律的规定，可以成为环境公益诉讼中的原告。
1. 主体资格主体资格是指公民在环境公益诉讼中所具备的提起诉讼的能力。
根据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》的规定，符合下列条件的个人具有提起诉讼的资格：（1）年满18周岁；（2）具有完全民事行为能力；（3）没有因犯罪受过刑事处罚或正在服刑或者正在受缓刑考验期的监护人；此外，根据《环境保护法》的规定，环境公益诉讼应当由被侵害的公民、法人或者其他组织，或者有关的环境保护组织提起。
故公民提起环境公益诉讼必须是能够证明存在环境权益受到侵害的人，而且必须与被侵害的环境权益之间具有直接的、实质的、非儿戏的关系。
因此，在环境公益诉讼中，公民的主体资格要求具备相关的环境保护知识和证据，以证明环境权益受到侵害，为诉讼打下基础。
2. 法定资格（1）环境权利人：即对环境问题产生直接利害关系的个人或者法人。
环境权利人的主体资格与法定资格为一体，即其符合主体资格的同时，根据《环境保护法》的规定，也具备提起环境公益诉讼的权利。
比如，居民团体可以作为环境权利人提起对污染源的环境公益诉讼，以解决环境问题。
（2）代表机构：代表机构指的是《环境保护法》中规定的可以代表公民、法人和其他组织提起环境公益诉讼的组织机构，包括人大代表、政协委员、法律援助机构、社会公益机构等。
这些机构拥有代表公众的权利，可以提起环境公益诉讼，维护公共利益。
浅析环境公益诉讼中公民的原告资格环境公益诉讼是一种重要的法律手段，旨在保护环境和生态系统。
因此，在环境公益诉讼中，公民要成为原告，必须具备一定的原告资格。
本文将通过简要分析环境公益诉讼中的原告资格，阐述公民原告资格的基本要求和意义。
一、公民原告资格的基本要求1.在环境事件中受到损害公民作为诉讼主体，其原告资格首先要求受到环境事件的损害。
只有公民在环境污染、生态破坏等事件中受到直接或间接的损害时，才可以成为环境公益诉讼的原告。
具体的说，环境公益诉讼中的原告资格，需要满足的基本条件是与产生环境损害的行为、事项或活动具有直接或者间接的利益关系或损害关系。
2.具备诉讼能力和法定代理人在环境公益诉讼中，公民作为原告，其还需要满足“具备诉讼能力，或者由其法定代理人代为行使诉讼权利”的要求。
即，原告必须是经过合法程序确认的，具有承担诉讼义务能力和诉讼请求主体资格的公民，或是被法律授权代为行使诉讼权利的法定代理人。
3.原告身份必须清晰明确公民作为原告，其身份必须清晰和明确。
在环境公益诉讼中，公民原告必须提供完整、准确和可控的个人信息，包括姓名、住址、职业、身份证号码等，以便于法院确定其身份、联系和指导。
1.促进环保法律制度的完善公民作为原告，可以通过环境公益诉讼，对环境污染、生态破坏等问题进行揭露和指责。
借助司法途径，公民可以推动环保法律制度的完善和改进，从而保护环境和生态系统。
2.提高公民的环保意识公民参与环境公益诉讼，一方面可以了解更多的环保知识和领域内的法律法规，提高其自身的环保意识和环保素养。
另一方面，公民的参与可以激励更多的人关注环保问题，推动公众对环保问题的关注和参与。
3.强化环境治理的效力公民参与环境公益诉讼，打击违反环保法律法规的行为，从而强化环保治理的效力。
同时，对于环境违法行为者的处罚也可以起到震慑作用，从而在一定程度上减少环境污染和生态破坏现象。
三、结语综合来看，在环境公益诉讼中，公民作为原告，其原告资格需要满足一定的要求。
环境公益诉讼原告主体资格摘要：伴随着经济社会的前进与人类对于自然资源的开发与利用，环境问题也逐渐的得到人们的普遍。
诸如各种大气污染，生活污染，面源污染加重，工矿污染凸显，以及河流污染等，这些问题不仅严重影响我国人们的生活环境和身体健康，而且还将带来那以解决环境污染危害，严重污染我国环境，对我国的经济社会的可持续发展构成不可忽视的威胁。
所以，人们逐渐认识到要建立与完善符合我国国情的环境公益诉讼制度，以便应对形形色色的各种环境破坏，保护人类社会赖以生存的自然环境。
然而，我国的环境公益诉讼起步较晚，目前发展不够完善，但与在诸多发达国家相比，我国环境公益诉讼的最大问题在于缺少必要的公众参与机制。
所以，当前在我国环境公益诉讼中对于原告主体资格的确立成为问题的关键。
而本文在系统阐述了环境公益诉讼原告资格的概念、环境公益诉讼原告主体资格的概念的同时，还结合我国当前环境司法实践发展的现实情况，合理的分析了我国环境公益诉讼原告主体资格这一制度存在的问题，以及切实的提出了关于这一问题发展的有效化的解决建议与措施。
这对于广大公民个人参与环境公共事务，推进环境立法决策的民主化、公平性，具有不可替代的深远意义。
关键词：公益诉讼环境公益诉讼原告主体资格The plaintiff of environmental public interest litigation subject qualificationAbstract: with the evolution and progress with the development of human society, environmental problems also gradually appear in people's field of vision. Such as a variety of atmospheric pollution, life pollution, non-point source pollution, industrial pollution prominent, and river pollution, these problems not only seriously affect our people's living environment and the health of the body, but also will bring that to solve the environmental pollution,the serious pollution of our environment, the sustainable development of our economic society can not ignore the threat. Therefore, people gradually realize that to establish and perfect the system of environmental public interest litigation conforms to our country national condition, the environmental public interest litigation legal system guarantee effective. However, in our country started the environmental public interest litigation is late, the development is not perfect, but compared with the biggest problem in many developed countries, China's environmental public interest litigation is the lack of the necessary public participation mechanism. Therefore, the establishment of the current in our plaintiff qualification in environmental public interest litigation becomes the core. And in this paper elaborated the concept, the plaintiff qualification of the environmental public interest litigation characteristics at the same time, also with the current development status of environmental justice in China, rational exposition of plaintiff qualification in our country, as well as toput forward effective solutions. The majority of individual citizens to participate in environmental public affairs, promote environmental legislation decision-making democratization, fairness, has far-reaching significance can not be replaced.Keywords: Public interest litigation Environmental public interest litigation The plaintiff qualification目录摘要 (I)Abstract. .......................................................................................................................... I I 引言 (1)一、环境公益诉讼原告主体资格基本理论 (2)（一）环境公益诉讼的概念的界定 (2)（二）环境公益诉讼原告主体资格内涵 (3)（三）环境公益诉讼中的原告主体类型 (4)二、我国环境公益诉讼原告主体资格制度的存在的主要问题 (5)（一）立法上的局限性 (6)（二）环境公益诉讼原告主体资格的法律限制诸多 (6)（三）我国对于环境公益诉讼原告诉讼主体资格制度的保障措施的缺乏 (7)三、完善我国环境公益诉讼原告主体资格制度的建设性意见 (8)（一）完善环境公益诉讼原告主体资格的立法 (8)（二）逐步减少对环境公益诉讼中原告主体资格的诸多制约 (8)（三）完善我国环境公益诉讼原告主体资格制度的切实有效的保障性措施 (11)结语 (12)参考文献 (13)致谢辞 (14)附录 (15)环境公益诉讼原告主体资格引言伴随着社会的进步与发展，环境问题越来越受到人们的普遍关注，然而由于环境侵权问题本身的特定性，怎样才能从根本上的解决日益严重的环境问题，国内外学者普遍开始把目光投向环境公益诉讼这一新型的制度。
南昌航空大学学士学位论文试论环境公益诉讼中的原告资格问题引言环境问题已经成为全球性热议的话题，环境公益诉讼是保护环境的一个有力途径。
近几年，我国在环境公益诉讼领域进行了许多有益的探索，贵州、江苏、云南等省相继设立环保法庭，初步建立了环境司法审判机制，但是在实践中也暴露出一些问题。
我国尚未建立环境公益诉讼，至于哪些主体可以提起环境公益诉讼也没有法律的明文规定，许多学者在这方面做了深入的研究。
当前比较普遍的观点认为应该赋予公民个人、环境保护团体、环境保护行政主管部门以及国家公诉机关（主要是检察院）以原告资格，但是对于这些起诉主体谁是主要的起诉主体，起诉先后顺序等问题，却没有统一结论。
我国目前仍缺乏一个系统而完善的环境公益诉讼制度，尤其是如何明确环境公益诉讼中的原告主体，这是一个亟待解决的核心问题。
1环境公益诉讼的概述1.1环境公益诉讼的概念公益诉讼，顾名思义，就是指“以个人、组织或者机关为被告，以损害国家、社会或者不特定多数人的利益(公益)的行为为对象，以制止损害公益行为并追究公益加害人相应法律责任为目的，向法院提出的特殊诉讼活动”。
环境公益诉讼的特征有三：一是诉讼主体资格的广泛性。
与传统的诉讼模式不同，其原告并不是限定在自身的人身、财产或者其他利益受到了直接侵害的人，其不仅包括国家机关，还包括相关的组织和个人；二是环境公益诉讼具有公益性的目的，环境公益诉讼诉讼主体资格的宽泛性决定了与案件无利害关系的主体有权向法院提起诉讼，在此类案件中，无利害关系人发起诉讼并非是为维护自身利益。
而是整个社会的公共利益；三是环境公益诉讼对环境污染和破坏具有预防性，环境公益诉讼的提起不以发生实质性的环境损害为前提，只要有违法行为即可提起诉讼，将损害行为消灭于萌芽中。
且其不像其他诉讼那样要求赔偿损失、恢复原状或者确认权利，更主要的是对那些可能造成环境损害的行为予以及时制止，并采取有效的措施防止不良结果的发生和扩大①。
①别涛.环境公益诉讼法[M].北京:法律出版社,2007.1.2环境公益诉讼的国内外现状在美国，关于环境公益诉讼原告资格的确定，是其《清洁空气法》最早规定的，该法规定：不管有无利害关系，任何人均可提起公益诉讼①。
浅谈环境公益诉讼之适格原告及其争议论文环境公益诉讼在我国法律上至今缺乏明文规定，这一开放性极强的话题也成为诸多学者争论的对象，尤其是对适格的环境公益诉讼的起诉主体的争辩更是激烈。
从理论上讲，任何个人、组织和国家机关都可以依法提起环境公益诉讼，把任何一部分主体排除在外就等于剥夺了其关心环境公益的资格，但基于诉讼经济和诉讼秩序的考虑，有必要对提起环境公益诉讼的原告资格予以限制，由此引发了寻求环境公益诉讼适格原告的争议。
一、检察机关的原告主体资格1. 赞同观点。
几乎所有的支持环境公益诉讼的西方国家均允许检察机关直接以当事人的身份介入环境公益诉讼，因此不少学者认为我国检察机关介入环境公益诉讼的方式应该并只能是以原告的身份直接提起诉讼。
理由主要是:1. 1 检察机关对行政机关的监督应该是全面的、多种多样的。
对于我国《行政诉讼法》第10 条规定的“人民检察院有权对行政诉讼实行法律监督”应当做全面的理解，这种法律监督不能仅限于事后监督，也应包括诉前、诉中的监督。
对侵犯环境公益无人、无力起诉，公民不敢、不愿起诉的，检察机关以环境公益诉讼原告的身份参与到诉讼中来，可以更好的维护环境公益。
1. 2 检察机关是国家公益的代表人。
根据我国《检察院组织法》第四条的规定，“人民检察院通过行使检察权……保护社会主义的全民所有的产和劳动群众集体所有的财产，保护公民私人所有的合法财产，保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利”。
从法律赋予的职责来看，它实际上承担了维护社会公益的责任。
同时，检察机关具有代表国家对侵害国家公共管理秩序的行为提起刑事公诉的职能。
在刑事案件中，检察机关也可以代表国家利益提起附带民事诉讼，如果将这一职责延伸到环境公益诉讼领域，并不违反法律设置的初衷，且我国《检察官法》第六条规定的检察官的职责: 代表国家进行公诉，这里并没有明确必须是刑事公诉，因此还可以解释为民事公诉和行政公诉。
如“江西省新余市渝水区检察院诉李某污染水源”一案，检察官在辩诉中指出，环境污染是社会公害，检察机关作为法律监督者，代表国家利益，运用公力救济的方式提起环境公益诉讼，应视为“有直接利害关系”，检方作为原告符合《民诉法》规定。
对环境公益诉讼中适格原告的思考简说论文对环境公益诉讼中适格原告的思考简说论文近年来，我国经济发展较快，基础设施建设得到发展，人民生活水平极大提高。
但是，随着发展而来的是环境的不断恶化。
怎样更好的解决环境问题，全国各界都提出了有益的建议，做出了许多尝试。
作为法科学生，自然会从法律的角度审视这一问题，环境公益诉讼这一新兴制度值得进行探讨与分析。
而环境公益诉讼中最为棘手的就是适格当事人的问题。
传统的诉讼方法对诉讼主体是严格限制的，这在很大程度上束缚和压抑着环境公益诉讼前行的步伐，在现行法律允许的前提下，如何发展健全当前的环境公益诉讼制度，是本文所要解决的问题。
一、环境公益诉讼概念的界定目前通行的说法认为，法律允许一定的法律主体向破坏环境之主体或对环境造成不利影响之主体进行起诉，以此惩戒环境污染肇事当事人，维护环境优美，此类新型诉讼即是环境公益诉讼。
虽然各国对此有不同的称呼，如环境民众诉讼、环境公民诉讼等，但其内涵基本一致。
我国虽没有正式建立环境公益诉讼制度，但是社会各界也在积极探索有益的尝试。
学界和各民主党派都提出了合理的意见和建议，如九三学社就曾提出要赋予公民对污染事件的监督权并着手建立我国的环境公益诉讼制度。
其认为，当今环境污染事故频发，而政府环境保护力量有限，只能针对性的处理若干影响较大的污染事故，众多轻微污染源则因执法力量有限而置之不理。
如果公民被允许参与维护环境治理，监督污染源，甚至具有起诉之资格，则我国治理环境污染事故的水平可能因此提高，治理效果和频率也将得到提升，这对维持生态环境平衡、降低污染对公民生命健康带来的损害有非常积极的推动作用。
二、探讨环境公益诉讼中原告适格问题的缘由“正当当事人，又称当事人适格，是指有资格以自己的名义起诉或应诉从而成为原告或被告并受本案裁判约束的当事人。
在诉讼中，只有正当当事人起诉或者应诉，以自己的名义实施诉讼行为并受本案判决的约束，诉讼才有实质意义。
”(一)落后的传统理论的无力与新型环境公益诉讼的迫切要求我国传统理论上对损害的认定一直采取的是“直接利害关系”原则。
浅析环境公益诉讼中公民的原告资格
环境公益诉讼是指为保护和修复环境而进行的诉讼活动。
在这个过程中，公民的原告
资格是至关重要的。
公民是环境公益诉讼的重要参与者，具有重要的原告资格。
在本文中，我们将浅析环境公益诉讼中公民的原告资格。
第一，公民必须是受损害的个人或者集体。
环境公益诉讼是为了保护和维护大众的利益，在此过程中，公民必须要有为自己或者自己所在地区的环境发声维权的勇气和决心。
第二，公民的起诉必须有客观依据。
公民不能仅凭主观愿望或是对环境的一些主观认
识而去起诉，需要在案件中提供充分的证据证明被诉行为的环境违法性。
第三，公民的起诉必须具有合法性。
合法性指的是公民有权利按照法律规定进行起诉。
公民起诉的侵害环境权益的行为必须是违法行为，例如：污染、垃圾堆放、非法填埋等
等。
第四，公民的起诉必须具有代表性。
代表性是指传递起诉对象的不良行为给更多的公民，让更多人也参与进来保护环境。
在环境公益诉讼中，公民的原告资格并不是绝对的，还有其他几种情况也可以让公民
变成环境公益诉讼的原告。
比如，如果公民具备取得环境权利告知书、环境部门未履行其
职责等情况，都可以成为公民成为原告的依据。
总之，公民在环境公益诉讼中的原告资格是非常重要的，除了上述的条件之外，还需
要保证政治素质正常，不惧官威，勇于维护环境、绿色的和谐，弘扬人类的环保理念，营
造宜居环境。
最终，需要全社会共同关注和支持，共创良好环境。
论环境公益诉讼原告资格作者：黄玲来源：《赤峰学院学报·哲学社会科学版》 2015年第1期黄玲（海南大学法学院，海南海口 570228）摘要：目前我国的环境问题日益严峻，环境资源纠纷日益增多，环境公益诉讼是和环境问题的凸显密切相关的一种典型的现代型诉讼。
2012年新修订的《民事诉讼法》单独规定了公益诉讼，对我国公益诉讼发展影响巨大，但仍与我国环境现实要求、理论发展现状不协调。
2014年修订2015年实施的新的《环境与资源保护法》具体规定了环境公益诉讼，使环境公益诉讼的原告明确具体，具有可操作性。
为了更好的落实我国环保法的规定，将从环境公益诉讼的概念、特征进行论述，分析，重点研究新法规定和在研究新法的基础上找到法律缺陷，从而完善环保法在环境公益诉讼方面的规定，使新环保法能更好的切合保护环境的目标要求。
关键词：环境权；环境公益诉讼；社会组织中图分类号：D925；D922.6文献标识码：A文章编号：1673-2596（2015）01-0066-03环境权法律规定的空白是我国环境公益诉讼在之前的很长一段时间处于空白状态的重要原因之一。
环境权日益成为一种公权和私权相结合的权利，但是依据现有法律规定，环境权尚不是法定权利，只是作为应然权利而规定。
从实体法的规定看，我国《宪法》没有对环境权加以明确规定，而从环保基本法《环境保护法》到《水污染防治法》《大气污染防治法》等单项环保特别法也没有对其加以规定。
以此同时我国生态环境呈现不断恶化状态，环境公益诉讼日益成为解决环境问题和保护国家、社会以及公众利益的有效途径。
目前环境公益诉讼已被许多国家和地区所采用，为适应环境生态保护的迫切需要，新民事诉讼打破这一僵局，率先规定公益诉讼，紧接着新环保法也响应民诉法规定，进一步具体规定“哪些社会组织可以向法院起诉”。
但是从我国环境保护要求和其他国家相关规定来看，不难发现我国的环境公益诉讼还存在一些问从我国题和一定模糊性和不确定性。
刍议我国环境公益诉讼的原告资格摘要：明确环境公益诉讼的原告主体资格是建立环境公益诉讼制度的核心。
环境问题的增多，扩大我国环境公益诉讼的原告资格是我国公益诉讼的必然的选择。
关键词：公益诉讼原告主体资格环境保护2010年12月30日，中华环保联合会与贵阳公众环境教育中心对乌当区定扒造纸厂提起的环境公益诉讼获胜，这是我国民间组织提起环境公益诉讼胜诉的首例。
[1]该案件的胜诉引起了社会多方面的关注，尤其是《民事诉讼法》关于环境公益诉讼方面的修改问题。
本文针对我国的当前情况，对环境公益诉讼的原告主体资格的进行简要的分析。
一、我国环境公益诉讼原告资格的局限性对于环境公益诉讼，我国法律和制度还不完善，笔者就环境公益诉讼的原告资格的局限性予以分析：（一）原告须有直接利害关系我国现行法律对环境公益诉讼原告资格进行了一定限定。
《民事诉讼法》第108条规定，提起民事诉讼的原告应当具备与本案有直接的利害关系；《行政诉讼法》第41条规定原告起诉应该具备具体行政行为侵害了其自身的合法权益这一条件。
尽管行政法的司法解释将行政诉讼原告资格的范围扩大了，但仍然要求与具体行政行为有法律上的直接的利害关系。
我们可以看出，合法权益没有受到侵犯或者没有法律上利害关系的人不能向法院起诉。
而诉讼法律制度遵循的是“不告不理”原则，即没有公民、法人或者其他组织的起诉行为，法院不得启动审判程序，这就使得环境侵权纠纷在一定程度上无法求助于司法救济。
（二）原告的范围狭窄我国法律未明确规定民间环保组织能否代表其成员起诉，也尚未规定检察院能否代表国家提起环境公益诉讼。
二、国外环境公益诉讼的诉讼主体资格的发展1.美国的环境诉讼诉讼主体制度在发源地美国，环境公益诉讼被称为“公民诉讼”、“公共诉讼”。
1943年的纽约州工业联合会诉伊克斯案件中，第二上诉法院首次提出“私人检察总长理论”，其有关公益诉讼原告资格的规定同样适用于环境公益诉讼。
1970年美国颁布的《清洁空气法》首创了著名的“公民诉讼条款”，规定任何人可以对污染空气的行为提起诉讼，而不需要原告证明有任何法律上的利害关系或利益遭到了侵犯。
浅析环境公益诉讼中公民的原告资格环境公益诉讼是指公民、法人或者其他组织以保护国家利益、社会公共利益和公民个人合法权益为目的，依法向人民法院提起的起诉环境资源保护领域的诉讼。
在环境公益诉讼中，公民的原告资格是非常重要的，只有具备一定资格的公民才能成为环境公益诉讼的原告，以下将对环境公益诉讼中公民的原告资格进行浅析。
公民原告资格的法律规定。
我国《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第55条规定：“公民、法人或者其他组织，有权依照本法的规定向人民法院提起诉讼，保护合法权益。
”这一规定表明，公民在环境公益诉讼中作为原告时，必须是具备一定的合法权益，并且该合法权益必须受到了环境问题的侵害，才能具备原告资格。
环境问题对公民权益的侵害。
公民的合法权益是指公民依法享有的各项民事权利，例如健康权、生存权、居住环境权等。
在环境公益诉讼中，公民必须能够证明环境问题对其合法权益造成了实际的侵害，才能成为原告，而不能仅仅是出于对环境问题的关注和热爱而提起诉讼。
公民在提起环境公益诉讼时，需要充分证明环境问题对其个人合法权益的侵害程度，这也是成为环境公益诉讼原告的基本条件之一。
公民原告资格的具体要求。
在环境公益诉讼中，公民作为原告需要具备一定的主体资格和诉讼能力。
主体资格是指公民必须是完全民事行为能力人，能够独立行使民事权利和承担民事义务。
诉讼能力是指公民必须是有诉讼能力的公民，能够独立提起诉讼并承担相应的诉讼后果。
公民还需要具备诉讼代理权，即在没有诉讼能力或者诉讼能力不完全的情况下，可以通过合法代理人行使诉讼权利。
这些都是公民作为环境公益诉讼原告所必须具备的条件。
环境公益诉讼中公民的责任和义务。
作为环境公益诉讼原告，公民不仅享有诉讼权利，同时还需要承担相应的责任和义务。
公民在提起环境公益诉讼时，必须提供充分的证据和证明材料，证明环境问题对其合法权益的侵害程度。
公民还需要对自己提出的诉讼请求进行严格审慎的考虑和确认，确保所提起的诉讼请求符合法律规定和事实情况，不损害他人合法权益。
论公民提起环境公益诉讼的原告资格卢石梅【期刊名称】《安顺学院学报》【年(卷),期】2015(17)5【摘要】Based on concerns about frivolous lawsuits ,the current legislation does not grant citizens the plaintiff standing of‐environmental public interest litigation(PIL) ,which as a matter of fact ,would not lead to abuse complaints .Theoretically and practically speaking ,citizens’ qualification of plaintiff standing of civil environmental public interest litigation is the essence of the environmental PIL system ,the embodiment and guarantee of peo ple’s right in environmental supervision as well as the rational choicein jurisprudence and practice.%基于滥诉的担忧，现行立法并没有授予公民环境公益诉讼原告主体资格。
实际上，授予公民环境公益诉讼原告主体资格并不会导致滥诉的发生，公民享有环境公益诉讼原告资格，有着合理的理论基础和现实的法律依据，是环境公益诉讼制度的精髓所在，是公民环境管理权、监督权的体现和保障，是符合法理和实践的理性选择。
【总页数】3页(P103-104,111)【作者】卢石梅【作者单位】湖南涉外经济学院文法学院，湖南长沙410205【正文语种】中文【中图分类】D915.12【相关文献】1.公民提起环境公益诉讼原告资格之探析 [J], 姜素红;邓海林2.检察机关提起环境公益诉讼的r原告资格探讨r——以"特别诉讼"之观点为进路[J], 张真源;胡玉婷3.公民提起环境公益诉讼的原告资格探析 [J], 候丹丹4.我国环境公益诉讼中公民个人原告资格的审视——以国内外环境公益诉讼公民原告资格规定比较为视角 [J], 朱菲5.国内外提起环境公益诉讼的原告资格比较研究 [J], 冯留坡;朱晓晨因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
论我国环境公益诉讼的原告资格作者：刘文熙来源：《法制与社会》2013年第10期摘要随着科学技术的不断提高，人们对自然的开发和利用程度也在不断增加。
随之而来的不止是财富的激增和生活水平的提高，更有日益严重的生态环境污染和破坏。
我国的环境污染和破坏程度令人震惊，从而出现了许多环境公共利益受到了侵害但是得不到有效的救济情况，单纯依靠现行的法律规定及国家行政机关公共事务管理部门的行政手段已不能起到全面保护环境公益的目的。
虽然造成这一局面的原因是多种多样的的，但是我国环境公益诉讼制度的缺失必然是一个不可忽视的原因，在这之中，制约环境公益诉讼制度构建的一个关键性的问题是诉讼主体法律缺位。
由于立法上的缺失，致使环境公益诉讼被严重排除在司法实践的边缘之中。
近年来，社会公众对于工厂污水排放、化工厂空气污染、旅游景点被破坏等行为向法院提起环境诉讼，但是总是被拒绝，不是因为法律没有明文规定而被驳回，就是因为诉讼主体对环境资源没有独占的使用管理权或所有权，最后均以败诉告终。
关键词公益诉讼环境公益诉讼原告资格中图分类号：D925文献标识码：A文章编号：1009-0592（2013）04-127-02环境权益的保护渠道应该是多种多样的，但我国对于环境的管理和维护长期以来是通过执行国家环境政策和实行国家行政管理权来实现的。
伴随着公民环境意识和维权意识不断提高，人们保护环境公共利益的呼声越来越强烈，更多的人期待通过诉讼这一中最基本、最权威的、具有终局性的司法保护措施来保护环境权益，以弥补行政权调整之不足。
司法作为现代法治国家权利保护的最后一道防线，应该成为环境公益保护的重要措施，充分发挥司法的力量保护环境，实现人与自然的和谐、稳定可持续发展。
一、环境公益诉讼原告资格的概述（一）环境公益诉讼的概念和特征1.环境公益诉讼的概念环境公益诉讼，是指包括公民、企事业单位、社会团体在内的社会主体依据法律的特别规定，为维护环境公共利益不受损害，针对有关民事主体或行政机关导致环境受到或可能受到污染和破坏的情况下，向法院提起诉讼的制度。
我国环境公益诉讼适格原告浅析论文一、我国环境公益诉讼原告资格限制环境公益诉讼所追求的法治价值在于，打击破坏环境资源的行为，保障公众的环境权利，进而实现环境法治。
环境公益诉讼，是指法律规定的机关和有关组织，对有关民事主体侵犯环境公共利益的行为，向法院起诉，由法院追究行为人法律责任的制度。
法定公益诉讼主体被限制在法律规定的机关和有关组织两类。
适格原告，在大多数情况下被定义为，对于诉讼标的所享有的特定权利或特定法律关系可以提起诉讼并请求判决的资格。
“没有原告就没有法官”，适格原告的界定，对消除现行诉讼法律制度对环境公益诉讼原告资格的限制有其深远的法治意义。
第一，强化公众的环境意识，加强环境保护。
只有当公众意识到自身享有某项权利时才可能行使自己的权利，维护自身正当权益。
第二，贯彻执行环境法律，推进环境法治进程。
扩张环境公益诉讼主体，能够更加有效的保障权利实施，实现环境法治又更进一步。
二、国外有关适格原告理论(一)诉讼实施权理论诉讼实施权理论认为，作为诉讼当事人既可以与案件具有实体法律上的利害关系，享有诉讼实施权，也可以为保护他人利益而具有诉讼实施权，成为适格当事人。
有无诉讼实施权是判断是否是适格当事人的重要标准。
检察机关在公益诉讼中，与案件没有直接的利害关系，但是却是为了保护社会公共利益和国家的利益而行使诉权，提起环境公益诉讼，符合诉讼实施理论的正当当事人的要求。
(二)公共信托理论公共信托产生于罗马法，其基本含义是:空气、河流、海岸等均是人类的共同财产，为了公共利用之目的而通过“信托”的方式交由国王或政府持有。
美国密歇安大学的萨克斯教授第一次提出了“环境公共信托”理论。
主张国家和政府作为受托人，承担着保全、保存、保护信托财产并使之处于安全状态的义务，而作为受益人的全体公民，对环境资源享有所有权和受益权，一旦国家或政府损害了受益人的合法权益，公民可主张其权利，从而实现对环境利益的保护。
该理论为公民个人主张环境公益诉讼权提供了的有力依据。
环境民事公益诉讼原告主体资格浅析论文环境民事公益诉讼原告主体资格浅析论文一、民事环境公益诉讼原告资格的概念和特点民事环境公益诉讼，是一定的机关、组织或个人为维护环境公共利益不受损害，针对民事主体致使环境遭到或可能遭到破坏的相关违法行为，依法向人民法院提起的诉讼。
民事环境公益诉讼的原告资格，是指面对环境公共利益受到侵害或将受到侵害害危险时，主体有权利通过民事环境公益司法程序实现对环境公共利益的救济。
民事环境公益诉讼的宗旨在于维护公共环境权益，而不是个别民事主体的私人权利，尽管其诉讼结果存在间接维护个体利益的效能，但仍区别于保护个体本身利益的诉讼。
因此它与传统民事诉讼中原告的区别有两点:第一，它的原告资格范围广于一般的民事诉讼原告资格;第二，不仅民事诉讼法，其他的法律法规也明确规定民事环境公益诉讼的原告主体资格。
二、环境民事公益诉讼原告主体的域外规定(一)英美法系1.美国：美国的环境公益诉讼制度主要由公民诉讼构成。
该制度最早在1970年的《清洁空气法案》中第304条中得以确定，即任何人(不论是受到直接损害还是间接损害)有权自己对任何人提起诉讼。
这一诉讼法案并未限制原告资格与该案的利益关系。
它的确立体现在1972年的联邦《清洁水法》中。
该法采用了塞拉俱乐部诉莫顿案中“环境保护团体”的概念，首次以“环境保护团体”作为原告主体。
同时，在2000年“地球之友诉雷德劳环境服务公司”一案中，法院对“该行为具体侵害社团成员”的条件适度宽限，原告只要证明特定涉嫌违反联邦环境法律规定的行为对其所关注的利益造成了一定的损害，法院也可承认该启动要件。
美国的公民诉讼模式赋予了个人或社会团体提起公益诉讼的权利，从而监督相关环境法律得以有效实施，有效地维护了公民的环境权。
2.英国：英国以集团诉讼制度为主，即对于个人受到的侵害较少，使受害当事人难以出庭，可通过此方式将受害者们成立为一个诉讼团体，并记录每个人的受侵害次数。
20世纪60年代时集团诉讼制度也被广泛运用到环境公益诉讼中。
浅析环境公益诉讼中公民的原告资格环境公益诉讼是指公民、法人或者其他组织依法向人民法院提起的保护环境利益的诉讼。
在环境公益诉讼中，公民作为原告起到了重要的角色。
公民的原告资格在环境公益诉讼中具有一定的特殊性，需要满足一定的条件。
公民作为环境公益诉讼的原告，必须是具有行为能力的自然人。
这是因为环境公益诉讼需要原告能够独立行使诉讼权利和履行诉讼义务，且具备权益保护的自主性和主体性。
未成年人或者被宣告失踪、宣告死亡的人等不能独立行使权力的人则不能作为环境公益诉讼的原告。
公民作为环境公益诉讼的原告，必须与环境利益的受损有直接的利益关系。
也就是说，公民不能仅仅是对环境问题的关注和支持，而必须具有自己的合法权益受到了实际损害。
生活在污染地区的居民受到了环境污染的直接危害，他们可以作为环境公益诉讼的原告。
在此基础上，公民还需要具备充足的事实证据来支持自己的起诉行为。
只有具备直接利益关系和充足证据的公民才能成为环境公益诉讼的原告。
公民作为环境公益诉讼的原告，需要具备一定的法律知识和意识。
环境公益诉讼的程序和法律要求较为复杂，要求原告有一定的法律知识和意识来维护自己的权益。
公民作为环境公益诉讼的原告，需要具备一定的法律素养和能力来保障自己的起诉行为。
公民也需要具备在案件中合理运用法律手段的能力，以保障自己的诉讼权益。
公民作为环境公益诉讼的原告，需要具备一定的社会认同和支持。
环境公益诉讼的目的在于保护环境利益，维护公共利益，需要得到社会的广泛认同和支持。
公民作为起诉人，应当具备良好的社会形象和信誉度，以增加其起诉的公信力和说服力。
论环保组织在环境公益诉讼中的原告资格摘要：在学界苦苦建构和极力呼吁的环境公益诉讼却无法引起立法者和民众的认可的情况下，我们就必须重新回过头去思考一下我们的环境公益诉讼的制度架构问题。
环境公益诉讼的首要问题便是原告资格的界定问题。
本文从考察现有的环境公益诉讼原告制度预设和批判现有的理论基础入手，指出尽管从环境公益诉讼含义的内在要求来看，赋予各方主体的起诉资格具有内在的正当性，但首先得考量其现实可行性。
就其理论基础而言，不能求全求大，而要与具体的制度设计相对应，能够对实践操作产生指导性。
接着从宏观、微观两个层面对现行的环保体制和制度设计进行批判。
在宏观上，指出现有国家主导型的环保体制必须改进，着力培育以环保组织为主体的民众参与力量。
在微观上，通过对赋予检察机关、环保机关、公民个人环境公益诉讼原告资格缺陷的分析和我国环保组织的发展现状和独有优势的考察，指出应通过赋予环保组织具有环境公益诉讼原告资格，作为解困的路径，而非现下同时赋予检察机关、环保机关、公民个人同等的环境公益诉讼原告起诉资格。
关键词：环保组织原告资格公益诉讼一、研究的缘起（一）环境问题、法律强制力和司法救济近年来，在环境问题频发、环境危机日益严重的情况下，人们不断进行理论上和实践上的探索，以寻求多途径、多方式的治理环境问题。
司法作为人们寻求权利救济的最主要手段之一和最后手段，对人们权利的维护作用举足轻重。
但当下，在涉及有关环境权益时，人们在寻求司法救济中却屡屡搁浅和碰壁。
从20世纪80年代中期到1997年，我国环境纠纷一直稳定在每年10万左右，1999年增加到25万多件，2000年则超过了30万件。
1到2005年，更是急剧增多。
依据2005年的《全国环境统计公报》，仅投诉到环保部门的环境纠纷2005年就达到了60万件。
但是其中真正进入法院视野的不到1%。
2如此一来，人们的权利救济链就缺少了最重要的一环，正义救济缺乏了最根本性的保障。
如果说此一现象的发生，只是制度性建构的不足，或者说法律规范的不完善的话，那么1王灿发：《环境纠纷处理的理论与实践》，载于《环境纠纷处理中日国际研讨会论文集》，中国政法大学出版社2002年版，第5~6页。
目录一、我国环境民事公益诉讼原告资格制度的现状................................ １(一)我国环境民事公益诉讼原告资格制度的立法现状..................................... １(二)我国环境民事公益诉讼原告资格制度的存在的问题 ................................ ２二、环境民事公益诉讼原告资格的辩证分析 ........................................ ４(一)公民作为环境民事公益诉讼原告的辩证分析............................................. ４(二)社会组织作为环境民事公益诉讼原告的辩证分析..................................... ５(三)检察院作为环境民事公益诉讼原告的辩证分析......................................... ６三、国外的环境公益诉讼原告资格制度的借鉴与参考........................ ７(一)美国环境公益诉讼原告资格的借鉴与参考................................................. ７(二)日本环境公益诉讼原告资格的借鉴与参考................................................. ８四、我国环境公益诉讼原告资格制度的完善建议................................ ９(一)公民作为环境民事公益诉讼原告的完善建议............................................. ９(二)社会组织作为环境民事公益诉讼原告的完善建议..................................... ９(三)检察院作为环境民事公益诉讼原告的完善建议.................................... １０环境民事公益诉讼的原告资格问题的探讨摘要: 前几年，我国为了经济迅速发展，所以大力发展工业。
"The plaintiff qualification of environmental public interest litigation"Environmental problems have become widespread concern in twenty-first Century national problem. People in many conveniences to enjoy economic development progress of science and technology, do more, also began to reflect on and even questioned the "grace" to pay the price. With the increasingly severe environmental pollution, many individual citizens, social organization shave access to justice in order to solve the global problem, environmental public interest litigation and emerge as the times require. As a new type of lawsuit, it breaks through the limitation of traditional lawsuit plaintiff qualifications, plays a vital role in Protect environment, safeguarding the public interest, has been adopted by many countries in the world. The basic principle and the system based on the environmental public interest litigation, some problems on the plaintiff qualification of.Environmental public interest litigation refers to the illegal administrative authorities or other public authorities, companies, enterprises or other organizations and individuals or omission, the environmental public interest to suffer infringe upon or at risk, the law permits a citizen or group to protect the environmental public interest litigation to the court system. Some America,Britain, the countries have confirmed the environmental public interest litigation system in legislation.Characteristics of the environmental public interest litigationFirst of all, from the lawsuit purpose, environmental public interest litigation for the plaintiff to allow non interested courts and cases, safeguard the interests of the plaintiff the foothold is not, but in promoting public welfare, environmental protection and public interests, advocated to environmental public interests rather than the interests of private environment.Secondly, from the subject of litigation, environmental public interest litigationhas broken the limitation between the plaintiff and the case must have interest,starting from the protection of environmental public interest point of view, to any person or organization in the public environment facing the risk of harm or damage to the court to stop or restrain the damage to the right. Environmental public interest litigation expands the definition of traditional litigation system of the plaintiff.Once again, from the function of litigation, environmental public interest litigation has obvious prevention function, both the recovery function. That the plaintiff can be sued in the possibility of environmental public interest there is damage,request the court to order thedefendant to stop related behavior, without the environmental damage has occurred as prerequisite of lawsuit.Finally, look at the effect from the lawsuit, environmental public interest litigation involving the interests of the relationship with the public and collective, spread widely, the court in this litigation through the writ of prohibition or declaratory judgment tend to influence and change the public policy environment. This decision not only for the case of the people involved in the case have binding force, but also influence and guide to the general public is not involved in the case. The concept of environmental public litigationThe plaintiff qualification of the environmental public interest litigation refers to the environmental damage or damage. When the environmental public interest legal, can start the judicial remedy procedure qualification. Different plaintiff qualification and plaintiff status, qualification of the plaintiff from specific infringement has already made, the plaintiff status is the legal status of plaintiff qualification in people with proper court later during the course of litigation have.To determine the standard of environmental public interest litigation plaintiff qualification Public interest litigation plaintiff should mainly consists of environmental public interest litigation purpose or aim of the establishment of environmental public interest litigation to decide, at the same time reference interest of other factors.In essence, the proposed source of environmental public interest litigation in the environment, it is the characteristics of the environment determines that any of are source or a regional environmental damage, will suffer the entirety of environment destruction, any pollution behavior, will be environmental public interests potential damage directly or indirectly. Therefore, to determine the plaintiff of environmental public interest litigation subject qualification of the environmental public interest must be achieved in order to ensure maximum as the standard.Relaxation of environmental public litigation limit, so that all interested in environmental protection units and individuals have the qualification in the form of litigation in order to protect the environmental public interest. In order to achieve environmental public interest maximum as the standard to determine the plaintiff in environmental public interest litigation subject qualification, which requires in the judicial practice, must be free from restrictions on the plaintiff qualification of the existing procedure, to as many people as possible to attract public environmentprotection, to achieve environmental public welfare maximum in order to.The plaintiff in environmental public interest litigation subject rangeA citizen, legal person, other organization. In response to the environmental pollution and the destruction of natural resources of the action, have the capacity for civil rights and capacity for civil conduct citizens, as long as he and polluting the environment, natural resources the destroyer has certain interests,whether this relation is actually already exist or may occur in the future, as long as you can prove this interest, all have the right to bring a lawsuit. Gives every citizen the prevention and control of environmental pollution and the destruction of natural resources rights, can better prevent hazards, protect the ecological environment we live together.The two is a public benefit organization of environmental protection. China's"social organization registers bamboo regulations" second article: as mentioned in this Regulation refers to the social group, composed of voluntary Chinese citizens, in order to achieve a common intention of member, according to the nonprofit social organization in its articles of association activities. Therefore, the environmental protection commonweal organization general sense can be defined as the establishment, by nongovernmental organizations, individuals in accordance with law.And to have their own independent regulation, organization, decision-making procedures and independent sources of funding for non-profit organizations,public welfare activities mainly engaged in environmental protection association.Individual citizens in environmental protection action, often in a weak position, in this case, the vigorous development of civil society groups, environmental organizations, and the government and the market to become the second force,and because of its public welfare, professional, volunteer, democratic participation, multiple benefit representative, can more effectively to solve complex environmental problems. Litigious right is thus given environmental protection commonweal organization environmental public interest, have a positive and practical significance.The three is the procuratorial organs. Always the procuratorial organs are considered to be representative of the government, is the public interests maintenance. Some local officials in pursuit of the so-called achievements, to the land of chaos chaos, destruction and waste environment. Environmental administrative action of the government to make the administrative relative person is very extensive, although the environmental public interest litigation system tosolve the individual citizens not because of direct interest, may bring a lawsuit for public interests, but the individual behavior of litigation cost is too high. Therefore, a number of public benefit and nobody's embarrassment. So the recovery of public prosecution system, prosecution by the representative countries has the right of public prosecution as a prosecutor, can be realized in public to balance public purpose. In the judicial practice, also has been presented by the procurator ate the case on behalf of the state owned assets filed public interest litigation cases.Other issues of environmental public interest litigation plaintiff qualificationThe animal and natural objects as the environmental public interest litigation problemsWhether the given animal and nature with the plaintiff's qualification, Chinese scholars think: the animal and natural objects, they can be called as the main environmental right, too early but to become the plaintiff of the environmental public interest litigation. But I think, from the perspective of legal rights, not only has the rights of human beings, inanimate objects as the legal relationship between parties is not uncommon, such as ship, company, partnership, their rights and obligations and not because he would not speak, do not express and reduced, widespread corporate is further evidence that does not shortcomings of its own expression ability will become an obstacle to the exercise of the rights,obligations. In the specific operation can adopt a flexible way, as specified in the court litigation guardian, execution, protection, defense lawyers as a party.Future generations as the plaintiff of environmental public interest litigation problemsScholars have been raised, future generations should be the subjects of environmental rights, therefore have the right to file environmental public interest litigation, justice is the eternal pursuit of law, legal problems in environment should also implement the gist; legal justice is "human" and "people" between there sources and opportunities of equilibrium however, for the environment,resource system, this object because of the shared and non selective special properties such as fairness, it should not be confined to the reality of the existence of the people, should also take into consideration the interests of future generations, so future generations can enjoy the environmental rights and interests.Ten the abuse of the right to considerSome researchers worry about the relaxation of environmental public litigation limit, reduce litigation threshold, will likely lead to "litigation explosion", "lawsuittide". China's "harmony" idea ingrained, "detesting lawsuit" social psychology exist for a long time, hobbies, on the court isnot the court of common people;and action is needed to calculate the cost of economic activities, in addition to the case itself involved in litigation costs, legal fees, appraisal fees will also is not a small expenditure. The rational decision he will weigh the advantages and disadvantages for, will not be due to seek stimulation or impulsive choice action.Therefore, in our country, litigation conditions relaxed does not necessarily cause "litigation tide". But as a system design should make corresponding response. In this regard, reference USA "citizen suit" relating to "prevent the abuse of litigation" provisions, formulate corresponding measures to prevent possible "lawsuit tide".In short, in the treatment of environmental public litigation issues, we should not stick to the "direct interest relation theory", but also not free to expand the plaintiff of environmental public interest litigation subject qualification, do have a definite object in view. At the same time, to have obtained the qualification of plaintiff's party is necessary to prevent the abuse of litigious right limit, or fails to exercise the right to appeal behaviors.Environmental public interest litigation subject theoryOn the environmental public interest litigation subject theory, can be summarized as the following three:The first theory is widely subject. The doctrine that, any unit and individual can file environmental public interest litigation. It is based on the "environmental protection law" sixth article: all units and individuals shall have the obligation to Protect environment, and have the right to report and accuse to the units and individuals for pollution and damage to the environment. We think, the right of accusation can not right, but the right of complaint should be a right of appeal. In order to realize the right of appeal, can with one's suit, the court asked the Supreme People's Court judicial interpretation, the nature of the right to appeal to the accused. If the nature of the right to appeal against the clear, then any unit and individual can be based on the provisions of the environmental pollution and damage sue.Second kinds of theories are related groups, says. According to this theory, and environmental protection related social groups, non-governmental organizations,departments and units in his own name to bring environmental public interest litigation. "Friends of nature" specializing in environmental protection work, can be used as a club to bring environmental public interest litigation; Environmental Protection Bureau as a government agency to file environmentalpublic interest litigation. But, has nothing to do with the environmental protection units,organizations can not mention environmental public interest litigation. The doctrine exclusion of individuals can bring environmental public interest litigation,one reason is if give a personal file environmental public interest litigation subject qualification will lead to abuse of litigation, and increase the work intensity of judges.The third theory called the public agency said. The doctrine that only exerciser elated public power organ may file environmental public interest litigation, for example, marine management department may bring a civil public welfare lawsuit of pollution damage to the marine environment; the agricultural sector may be filed public interest litigation on fishery pollution; procuratorial organs can be of any acts of destruction of the environment public interest litigation.The practice of environmental public interest litigationIn practice, in the home is considered the environmental public interest litigation cases can be divided into the following five categories:The first category is the environment public welfare lawsuit brought by non-governmental organizations. For example, in July 29, 2009, the financial network reported was placed on file in the court of Qingzhen City of Guizhou province the first national environmental administrative public interest litigation, the China Environment Federation to the identity of the plaintiff sued Guizhou Qingzhen city land resources bureau. The case was considered to be the environment public welfare lawsuit filed a civil organization.The second category is the environmental public interest litigation in the name of the administrative organ to. In April 12, 2008, "Legal Daily" to "Guizhou Province,environmental public interest litigation judgment's first officer were the people win" reported that in 2007 the newly established Guiyang City, Hunan and Hubei provinces a Library Management Bureau as the plaintiff of the environmental public interest litigation, bring the pollution damage to the environment court lawsuit to Qingzhen City environmental protection requirements of court, PingbaCounty of Guizhou in a chemical limited stop pollution damage. In 2008 April,Qingzhen City People's Court of environmental protection in court, the defendant in a chemical industry company in Guizhou in the effective date of the judge ment to immediately stop using tailings waste plant for environmental damage, which is composed of administrative public interest litigation case.The third category is the environment public welfare lawsuit filed by procuratorial organs. For example, in February 6, 2009, xinhua "Changsha first with the procuratorial organ as plaintiff public interest litigation case" reported the management by the Wangcheng County of Hunan Province, the people's Procurator ate the case, 49 villagers were obtained in a cement plant dust,vibration, noise pollution compensation, a total of 62538 yuan per year. In particular the case is, the procuratorial organs is not for the society, also not for the country, only to the victims of the interests of the villagers, as civil plaintiffs filed public interest litigation.The fourth category is filed by the citizen's environmental litigation. This kind of action is generally based on personal interests as the starting point to achieve the purpose of public welfare, for example, a Hanyang contractor Ma Chang song farms, the Municipal Water Affairs Bureau and the environmental protection agency fails to stop pollution legal duty, on two administrative organs in administrative proceedings, request the court to judge the defendant perform their statutory duties, to take immediate and effective measures, to stop the discharge of toxic and harmful sewage factories and enterprises, as well as to the sewage treatment unit has responsibility to stop pollution behavior; the defendant pay because it is not as a result of lake pollution, to the plaintiff causing economic losses of 20000 yuan. The plaintiff in administrative litigation,the local government commitment to control the water pollution, by the government to compensate the plaintiff 2000000 yuan after the withdrawal.Although the direct result of the case is the plaintiff received compensation, but the welfare effect requires the government to stop the whole lake pollution.The fifth category is the folk public welfare organizations to help bring lawsuits.For example, at the China University of Political Science and Law CLAPV's help,Beijing City, Panjiayuan 182 residents sued the Beijing City Planning Commission, urges the Beijing City Planning Commission revoked the residents in the dense area construction animal experimental building permits. The direct beneficiaries of the case in the around 182 households, but the objective is for the entire the city of Beijing or its vicinity all residents are not affected by pollution, contribute to protect the region's air. The legal aid act is a public welfare behavior.Analysis of the subject of environmental public interest litigation lawBy analyzing the five kinds of case, can the following analysis and conclusion on the issue of environmental public interest litigation subject qualification to make:First, the law should not stop people contribute to the public welfare. The law should encourage any human social welfare contributions. According to this idea,any unit and individual can serve as the plaintiff in public interest litigation. In other words, if a behavior is for the good development of society, as the social and public interests, so, the legal system should encourage this behavior.Therefore, any unit should have the subject of public interest litigation.Second, the different legal status, the litigation subject qualification should be distinguished, different subjects may be filed public interest litigation different.Due to differences in individual ability, knowledge, and not all the people filed public interest litigation can play a important role in maintaining public interests.In order to avoid the waste of social resources, should be on the litigation subject qualification differ. I think, can do the following to distinguish litigation subject qualification: one is the individual citizens should combine their skills and concerns, filed environmental public interest litigation and administrative public interest litigation in a certain range. For example, as an environmental law professors, can be used as the subject of litigation filed environmental public interest litigation, but the public interest litigation can not bring the real estate field or the consumption field. Two is a non-governmental environmental protection organizations, social organizations can matters the articles of organization and work within the scope of the filed environmental public interest litigation and administrative public interest litigation, for example, "Friends of nature" as the folk environmental protection organization, you can mention environmental public interest litigation; however, mountain climbing association or sports Association will not mention environmental public interest litigation.Third, the administrative organ should be in the end of administrative means is still not enough to protect the public environmental interests filed environmental public interest litigation. If the administrative organ filed environmental public interest litigation is the full exercise of laws and regulations to the administrative power, exhausted legal means such as punishment, ordered to cease all. Before I did not approve of the administrative organ in the absence of the exercise of its should fulfill the punishment, ordered to cease such statutory duties, that the claims filed a public interest litigation. For there is no direct victims of environmental pollution, the administrative organ may file for public interest litigation. For example, in rivers and lakes water pollution causes deaths of fish,don't have any relationship with the individual, the agricultural sector should be filed public interest litigation, claims for compensation on behalf of the state; ship oil spillpollution of rivers and oceans, marine bureau should be filed public interest litigation claims.论环境公益诉讼的原告主体资格问题环境问题已经成为21世纪各国普遍关注的问题。
