语言学题

（完整版）语言学练习题（含答案）判断题1.Interlanguage is neither the native language nor the second language.(T)2.Krashen assumed that there were two independent means or routesof second language learning: acquisition and learning. (T)3.There are two interacting factors in determining language transfer insecond language learning. (F)4.Three important characteristics of interlanguage: systemacticity ,permeability and fossilization. (T)5.Intrinsic motivation:learners learn a second language for externalpurposes. (F)6.Neurolinguistics is the study of two related areas: language disordersand the relationship between the brain and language. (T)7.The brain is divided two sections: the higher section called the brainstem and the lower section called the cerebrum. (F)8.An interesting fact about these two hemispheres is that eachhemisphere controls the opposite half of the body in terms of muscle movement and sensation. (T)9.Most right-handed individuals are said to be right lateralized forlanguage. (F)10.C T scanning uses a narrow beam of X-ray to create brain images thattake the form of a series of brain slices. (T)11.1 Right hear advantage shows the right hemisphere is not superior forprocessing all sounds, but only for those that are linguistic in nature, thus providing evidence in support of view that the left side of the brain is specialized for language and that's where language centers reside. （f）12.2 Evidence in support of lateralization for language in left hemispherecomes from researches in Dichotic listening tasks（t）13.3interpersonal communications is the process of using languagewithin the individual to facilitate one’s own thought and aid the formulation and manipulation of concepts. （t）14.4 Linguistic lateralization is hemispheric specialization or dominancefor language. （t）15.5 Dichotic Listening is a research technique which has been used tostudy how the brain controls hearing and language, with which subjects wear earphones and simultaneously receive different sounds in the right or left ear, and are then asked to repeat what they hear.（f）16.6 Dichotic Listening is a research technique which has been used tostudy how the brain controls hearing and language, withwhich subjects wear earphones and simultaneously receive different soundsin the right and left ear, and are then asked to repeat what they hear.（t）17.7 Input refers to the language which a learner bears and receives andfrom which he or she can learn. （f）18.8 Fossilization ，a process that sometimes occurs in language learningin which incorrect linguistic features (such as the accent of a grammatical pattern) become a permanent part of the way a person speaks or writes in the target language.（f）19.9 The different languages have a similar level of complexity anddetail, and reflect general abstract properties of the common linguistic system is called Universal Grammar . （t）20.10 Acculturation a process of adapting to the culture and valuesystem of the second language community.（t）21.I n socialinguistic studies,speakers are not regarded as members ofsocial groups (F)22.n ew words maybe coined from already existing words by substractingan affix thought to be part of the old world (T)23.a ll languages make a distinction between the subject and directobject,which can be illustrated in word order (T)24.I t has been noticed that in many communities belanguage used bythe older generation differs from that used by the elder generation in certain ways (F)25.A pidgin is a special language variety that mixes or blends languagesand it isn’t used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading(F)26.I t is interesting to know that the language used by men and womenhave some special features of others (F)27.I t is an obvious facts that people who claim to be speakers of thesame language don’t speak the language in the different manner (T)28.A regional dialect is a linguistic variety used by people living (T)29.F usion refers to this type of grammatication in which words developinto affixes (T)30.H istorical linguistics,as a branch of linguistics is mainly coverned withboth the description and explanation of language changes that occurred over time (T)选择题Chapter 71.Which one is not right about Blenging?(b)A:disco-discotheque B:brunch-breakfast+luchC:B2B-Business-to-Business D:videophone-video+cellphone2.Semantic changes contains three processes ,which one is ture?(a)A:namely widening ,narrowing and shift in meaningB:semantic broadening ,narrowing and semantic dispearing C:semantic shift ,narrowing and semantic lossingD:namely widening ,narrowing and not shift in meaning3.Science and technology influence English language in these aspects(d) A:space travelB:compnter and internet languageC:ecdogyD:above of all/doc/6712907809.html,nguage changes can be found at different linguistic levels,such as in the A:phonology and morphologyB:syntax and lexiconC:semantic component of the grammarD:ABC5,Morphological and syntactic change contianA:addition or loss of affixesB:change of word ordenC:change in regation ruleD:abrove of allChapter 81.Which is not Halliday's social variables that determine the register? (D) A:field of discourseB:tenor of discourseC:mode of discouseD:ethnic dialect2.Which is not dialectal varieties?(C)A:regional dialect and idiolectB:language and genderC:registerD:ethnic dialect3.To some extent,language especially the structure of its lexicon,refects___of a sociey.(C)A:physical B:social environmentC:both AandB D:social phenomenon4.____,refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class.(D)A:Social-class dialect B:sociolectC:A andB D:A or B5.Two languages are used side by side with each having a ____role to play;and language switching occurs when the situation ____.(A)A:different,changesB:similar,changesC:different,unchangingD:similar,unchangingChapter 91.which is not the component of culture ?/doc/6712907809.html,nguageB.ideasC.beliefD.soil2.in a word,language expressA.factsB.events which represent similar world knowledge by its peopleC.peoples' attitudes.beliefsD.cultural reality3.any linguistic sign may simultaneously have aA.denotativeB.connotativeC.iconicD.denotative,connotative,or iconic kind of meanings4.what's the meaning of"a lucky dog"in english?A.a clever boyB.a smart ladC.a lucky personD.a silent person5.traditionally,curture contact consists of three forms.which is wrong belowA.acquisitionB.acculturationC.assimilationD.amalgamation Chapter 101.The interavtionist view holds that language as a result of the complex interplay between the___A__of a child and the __A__in which he grows .A: human chracteristics environmentB: chracteristics environmentC: language acquisition placeD: gift place2.The atypical language development includes__A___A: hearing impairment mental retardationB: autism stutteringC: aphasia dyslexia dysgraphiaD: Both A ,B and C3.Children's language learning is not complete by the time when they enter school at the age of _C__A: 3 or 4 B: 4 or 5C: 5 or 6 D: 6or 7Chapter 111.A distinction was made between ( ) and ( ).The former would facilitate target language learning,the later would interfere. < A >A positive transfer negative transferB negative transfer positive transferC contrastive analysis error analysisD error analysis contrastive analysis2.( ) are learners' consious,goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to cahieve desierable learning efficiency. < A >A Learning strategiesB Cognitive strategiesC Metacognitive strategiesD Affect strategies/doc/6712907809.html,nguage acquisition device(LAD) came from( ). < D >A John B.WatsonB B.F. SkinnerC S.D. KrashenD ChomskyChapter 121.____is the study of two related areas:language disorders and the relationship between the brainand language.A.neurolinguisticsB.linguisticsC.neuronsD.modern linguistics2.Psycholingusitics is the study of _____and mental activityassociated with the use of languageA.psychobiologyB.psychological statesC.physical statesD.biological states3._____uses a narrow beam of X-ray to create brain images that the form of a series of brainslices.A.PETB.MRIC.CT scanningD.fMRI4.The brain is divided into two sections:the lower section called the____and the higher sectioncalled____.A.brain stem,cerebrumB.brain stem,neuronsC.cerebrum,brain stemD.cerebrum,neurons5.Damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus results in a type of aphasia called_____.A.Wernicke's aphasiaB.Broca'saphasiaC.Acquires dyslexiaD.fluent aphasia填空题第七章1.In addition to the borrowed affixes,some lexical forms become grammaticalized over time,this process is called______________2.Generally speaking,there are mainly two possible ways of lexical changes: ________and ________,which often reflects the introduction of new objects and notions in social practices.3.New words may be coined from already existing words by "subtracting"an affix thought t be part of the old word ,such words are thus called____________.4.Over the time many words remain in use,but their meanings have changed,three mainly processes of semantic change,___________,____________, ____________.5.While the "_________"and "__________ "do seem to account for some linguistic changes,it may not be explanatory enough to account for other changes.KEYS:1.grammaticalization2.the addition and loss of words3.back-formation4.widening, narrowing, shift5.theory of least effort, economy of memory第八章1·-------is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society,between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live. 答案Sociolinguistics 2·The social group that is singled out for any special study is called th e ----------.答案speech community 3A------------is a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region.答案regional dialect4he Ttype of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a---------.答案register5A-------is a special language variety thatmixes or blends languages ang it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading.答案pidgin 第九章1. anguage and culture,intrinsically interdependent on each other,have_through history (evolved together)2. ulture reflects a total way of life of a people in a_(community)3.in a word,_expreses culture reality (language)4.culture differences are also evident in the way_ and compliments are expressed (gratitude)/doc/6712907809.html,nguage as the_of culture is tightly intertwined with culture (keystone) 第十章1 ( ) refers to a child’s acquisition of his mother tongue.2 Generally speaking, there are mainly three different theories concerning how language is learned,namely the behaviorist,the interactionist ,( ) views.3 All child language acquisition theories talk about the roles of twofactors to different degrees the age ang ( ).4 Lexical contrast and ( ) theories are also proposed to explain how children acquire their vocabulary or lexicon.5 The atypical language development includes hearing impairment,mental retardation, autism,stuttering,( ),dyslexia,dysgraphia.答案：/doc/6712907809.html,nguage acquisition2.the innatist3.the linguistic environment4.prototype5.aphasia第十一章1.（）refers to the systematic study of how one person acquiresa second language subsequent to his native language (NL or L1) .2.Contrastive analysis compares the ( ) cross these twolanguages to locate the mismatches or differences so that people can predict the possible learning difficulty learners may encounter .3.In addition, because of its association with an outdated modellanguage description (structuralism) and the increasingly discredited learning theory (behaviorism) , the once predominant contrastive analysis was gradually replaced by ( ).4.The interlingual errors mainly result from （）interferenceat different levels such as phonological , lexical , grammatical ordiscoursal , etc .5.Krashen assumed that there were two independent means or routesof second language learning : acquisition and （）。

胡壮麟语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的主要研究对象是什么？A. 语言B. 文学C. 历史D. 地理答案：A2. 下列哪项不是语言学的分支学科？A. 语音学B. 句法学C. 心理学D. 社会语言学答案：C3. 语言的最小意义单位是？A. 词B. 音素C. 语素D. 句子答案：C4. 语言的任意性是指什么？A. 语言的规则性B. 语言的系统性C. 语言符号与其所指对象之间没有必然联系D. 语言的稳定性答案：C5. 以下哪项是语言的双重性？A. 语言的任意性B. 语言的稳定性C. 语言的双重性D. 语言的系统性答案：D6. 语言的演变遵循什么规律？A. 经济原则B. 社会原则C. 心理原则D. 所有以上答案：D7. 语言的功能不包括以下哪项？A. 信息传递B. 情感表达C. 艺术创作D. 物理治疗答案：D8. 语言的方言是指？A. 同一语言内部的变体B. 不同语言之间的相似性C. 语言的书面形式D. 语言的口头形式答案：A9. 语言的层级结构包括哪些？A. 音素、语素、词、短语、句子B. 词、短语、句子C. 语素、词、短语D. 音素、词、短语答案：A10. 语言的交际功能包括哪些？A. 表达、理解B. 表达、理解、记忆C. 表达、理解、记忆、创造D. 表达、理解、记忆、创造、评价答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的创始人是________。

答案：费迪南·德·索绪尔2. 语言的两个基本功能是________和________。

答案：表达、理解3. 语言的________性是语言学研究的重要内容。

答案：任意性4. 语音学研究的是语言的________。

答案：声音系统5. 句法学研究的是语言的________。

答案：结构规则6. 社会语言学研究的是语言与________之间的关系。

答案：社会7. 语言的________性是语言变化的动力之一。

大学语言学试题一、简答题1.语言学的定义是什么？语言学是对语言现象进行系统研究的学科，包括语音学、语法学、语义学、语用学等各个方面的内容。

2.什么是语音学？语音学是研究语言音素及其组织规律的学科，它包括语音的产生、传播和接收三方面的内容。

3.什么是语法学？语法学是研究语言句法结构及其规律的学科，它研究句子的构成、成分的功能和句子之间的关系等内容。

4.什么是语义学？语义学是研究词义和句义及其组织规律的学科，它关注词的意义、句子的意义以及意义的表达方式等方面的内容。

5.什么是语用学？语用学是研究语言使用及其背后的意义的学科，它研究人们如何使用语言进行交际和表达意义，关注语境、语用原则等内容。

二、论述题1.语言学与语法学的区别和联系。

语言学是对语言现象进行全面研究的学科，涵盖了语音学、语法学、语义学和语用学等方面的内容。

而语法学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究语法现象及其规律。

语言学与语法学的联系在于语法学是语言学的重要组成部分，它提供了研究语言结构和规律的方法和理论基础。

同时，语法学的研究结果也为语言学的其他方面提供了重要的参考。

然而，语言学与语法学的区别在于语言学更加宏观和综合，它研究语言的各个方面，包括语音、词汇、句法、语义和语用等。

而语法学则是语言学中具体研究句法现象的一个分支，着重研究句子的构成、成分的功能和句子之间的关系。

2.语音学与音系学的关系。

语音学研究语音的产生、传播和接收，它是语言学的一个重要分支学科。

而音系学则是语音学中研究语言音素及其组织规律的一个分支领域。

语音学通过观察和记录语音现象，研究不同语音之间的差异和共性。

而音系学则在此基础上进一步研究语言中的音素及其分类、组织以及声音之间的相互关系。

简言之，语音学是对语音现象的整体研究，而音系学是语音学中对语音结构及其规律的具体研究。

三、分析题1.什么是语言的意义？语言的意义是指语言表达所传递的信息内容。

它涉及词汇意义、句子意义和话语意义等多个层次。

语言学考试题库及答案一、选择题1. 语言学研究的核心对象是什么？A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的使用答案：B2. 下列哪一项不是语言的组成部分？A. 语音B. 语法C. 语义D. 逻辑答案：D3. 索绪尔将语言符号分为哪两个部分？A. 符号和意义B. 能指和所指C. 语音和语义D. 形式和内容答案：B二、填空题1. 语言是______的，它由______和______构成。

答案：符号系统；形式；内容2. 语言的______功能是指人们通过语言进行交流的能力。

答案：交流3. 语言的______功能是指语言能够表达思想和情感的能力。

答案：表达三、简答题1. 简述语言和言语的区别。

答案：语言是指一种抽象的符号系统，它包括语音、语法、语义等规则和结构；言语则是指个人使用语言进行交流的具体行为。

2. 描述索绪尔的“能指”和“所指”概念。

答案：索绪尔认为语言符号由“能指”和“所指”两部分组成。

“能指”指的是语言符号的声音形式，而“所指”指的是符号所代表的概念或意义。

四、论述题1. 论述语言的任意性原则及其对语言学习和教学的影响。

答案：语言的任意性原则指的是语言符号的声音形式和它所代表的概念之间没有必然的联系。

这一原则对语言学习和教学有着深远的影响，因为它意味着学习者需要记忆每个符号的声音和意义之间的联系，而不能依赖于逻辑或直观的关联。

这对语言教学提出了挑战，要求教师设计有效的教学方法来帮助学生记忆和理解这些任意的联系。

2. 分析语言的交际功能及其在现代社会中的重要性。

答案：语言的交际功能是指语言作为交流工具，使人们能够传递信息、表达情感和进行社会互动。

在现代社会，随着全球化和信息技术的发展，语言的交际功能变得尤为重要。

有效的沟通能够促进国际合作、文化交流和商业交易，同时也有助于解决社会冲突和增进理解。

因此，掌握一门或多门语言对于个人和社会的发展至关重要。

语言学试题及答案### 语言学试题及答案#### 一、选择题1. 语言学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构和功能C. 语言的演变D. 语言的美学答案：B2. 下列哪项不是语音学的分支？A. 音位学B. 语义学C. 语音产生学D. 语音感知学答案：B3. 什么是“同音异义词”？A. 指不同语言的词汇B. 指同一语言中发音相同但意义不同的词C. 指同一语言中意义相同但发音不同的词D. 指不同语言中意义相同但发音不同的词答案：B#### 二、填空题4. 语言学的一个主要分支是________，它研究语言的意义。

答案：语义学5. 一种语言的语法规则可以描述该语言的________。

答案：结构6. 语言学中的“方言”指的是________。

答案：同一语言内部的地域性变体#### 三、简答题7. 简述语言的任意性原则。

答案：语言的任意性原则是指语言符号和它所代表的概念之间没有必然的逻辑或自然联系，这种关系是任意的，由社会约定俗成。

8. 什么是转换生成语法？答案：转换生成语法是一种语言学理论，由诺姆·乔姆斯基提出，主张语言的深层结构可以通过转换规则生成表层结构，从而解释语言的生成能力和多样性。

#### 四、论述题9. 论述语言和文化之间的关系。

答案：语言和文化是相互影响和塑造的。

语言不仅是文化的载体，通过语言可以传递文化信息和价值观；同时，文化也影响语言的使用和发展，如特定的社会习俗和信仰体系会影响语言的表达方式和词汇选择。

语言和文化共同构成了人类社会的认知和交流模式。

10. 描述语言习得的关键阶段及其特点。

答案：语言习得的关键阶段包括婴儿期、儿童早期和青少年期。

婴儿期是语言感知能力的发展阶段，儿童能够区分不同语言的音素。

儿童早期是语言习得的快速发展期，儿童开始学习语法规则并形成基本的语言能力。

青少年期则是语言习得的完善阶段，青少年继续扩展词汇量，提高语言运用的复杂性和准确性。

以上试题及答案涵盖了语言学的基础概念、理论以及与语言习得和文化的关系，旨在考察学生对语言学核心知识的掌握和理解。

语言学：语言学概论考试试题1、填空题语言学的三大发源地：（）正确答案：中国、印度、希腊—罗马2、名词解释语言融合正确答案：是指某个民族或某个民族中一部分人放弃本民族的语言而专用其他民族的语言，一种语言取代其（江南博哥）他语言，成为不同民族共同的交际工具，又叫语言转用、语言同化或语言替换。

3、多选下列有关普通话的表述中，正确的有（）A.以北京语音为标准音B.以北京话为基础方言C.以北方方言为基础方言D.以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范E.以历代经典的文学作品为语法规范正确答案：A, C, D4、名词解释通语正确答案：或称凡语、凡通语、通名等，是杨雄《方言》一书用来指西汉时没有地域限制，通行比较广的共同语的术语。

5、名词解释词汇意义（词义）正确答案：由人们对现实现象的反映以及由此带来的人们对现实现象的主观评价。

词典的释义所说明的一般都是词的词汇意义。

6、填空题根据语言的亲属关系对语言的分类叫做（），也叫做（）。

正确答案：语言的谱系分类、语言的发生学分类7、单选下面词组中，结构类型与其他各组不同的一组是（）A.年轻漂亮/朴素大方B.我们大家/首都北京C.铁路民航/工人农民D.贯彻执行/讨论研究正确答案：B8、名词解释社会语言学正确答案：用社会学的方法研究社会上的形形色色的语言变异等问题9、问答题简答复元音与几个相连的单元音的区别。

正确答案：复元音的几个成分同属于一个音节，发音时发音器官只有一次肌肉紧张；相连的单元音则各自分属于不同的音节，发音时有几个元音就有几次肌肉紧张；复元音是一个整体，发音时发音器官的运动是连续滑动的，元音的音质是不间断地逐渐变化的，中间会产生一连串的过渡音。

几个相连的单元音是彼此独立的整体，发音时发音器官的运动是跳跃式的，元音的音质是突变的，中间没有过渡音。

10、填空题句子结构关系的意义可以分为（）意义和（）意义两种。

正确答案：显性；隐性11、名词解释单纯字符正确答案：不能再分解为更小字符的字符。

一、填空１５%1、语言中最单纯、最常用、最原始和最能产的词是根词。

2、语言是人类最重要的交际工具，文字是最重要的辅助•••交际工具。

3、我国古代学者为读懂古书而建立的训诂学、文字学、音韵学组成了我国的语文学，通称为“小学”。

4、英语属于印欧语系的日耳曼语族的西部语支。

5、语音可以从生理角度分析它的产生方式，从物理•角度分析它的表现形式（传递过程），从社会功能角度分析它的功能作用。

6、是否能够独立（自由）运用，是区分词和语素的根本特点。

7、现代大多数国家的拼音文字的字母，大多直接来源于拉丁字母。

8、具有不同功能的三种最基本的语法单位是语素、词、句子。

9、语言发展的主要特点是渐变性和不平衡性。

10、我国宪法（１９８２年）第１９条明确规定“国家推广全国通用的普通话”。

二、单项选择题（本大题共26小题，每题1分）1、下列关于“语言”和“言语”的表述中，不正确的一项是【】A.语言是社会的，言语是个人的B.语言是主要的，言语是从属的C.语言是抽象的，言语是具体的D.语言是书面的，言语是口头的答案：D2、下列关于一般语汇总体特点的表述中，正确的一项是【】A.构词能力强B.使用范围窄C.产生历史长D. 大多很稳定答案：B 解析：根据词在语汇系统中的重要程度，可以分为基本语汇和非基本语汇（一般语汇）两大类。

ACD三项都属于基本语汇的特点。

3、区分“单纯词”和“合成词”所依据的是【】A.词的音节数量B.词的语素数量C.词的音形关系D.词的地位用途4、语法规则的“系统性”是指【】A.对语言的结构和成分进行类的概括B.相同规则可在一个结构里重复使用C.语法规则之间可以相互推导和解释D.语法规则的发展变化过程十分缓慢答案：C 解析：ABD三项分别对应的是语法规则的“抽象性”、“递归性”、“稳定性”。

5、语音的四个物理要素中，区别不同的意义起着最为重要的作用的是【】A、音高B、音强C、音长D、音色6、元音和辅音本质区别是【】A、元音的发音可以延长，辅音不可以B、元音发音响亮，辅音不响亮C、元音发音时气流不受阻，辅音一定受阻D、发元音时，发音器官的各个部分均衡紧张；辅音则不然7、[ε]的发音特征是【】A、舌面前高不圆唇B、舌面后高不圆唇C、舌面前半高不圆唇D、舌面前半低不圆唇8、下列关于语义民族性的表述中，正确的一项是【】A.词义上的民族特点并不明显B.词的多义化不受民族特点的制约C.不同的民族语言在词的理性意义上并无差异D.不同的民族语言在词的非理性意义上会有所不同答案：D解析：不同民族对客观事物的认识不同，因而语义的民族特点也不同，词的多义化也会受制约，非理性意义也会有所不同，比如汉语中“狗”字常含贬义，像“走狗”；可在英语里，“dog”常含褒义，像“a lucky dog”（幸运儿）。

英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" in linguistics refers to:A. A single speech soundB. A combination of two speech soundsC. A set of speech sounds that can be exchanged without changing the meaning of a wordD. The pronunciation of a word in a particular dialect答案：C2. Which of the following is an example of "synchronic" analysis?A. Studying how a language has changed over timeB. Studying a language at a single point in timeC. Comparing two languages from different language familiesD. Analyzing the grammar of a dead language答案：B3. The "active voice" in English is characterized by:A. The subject of the sentence performs the actionB. The subject of the sentence receives the actionC. The use of passive constructionsD. The absence of a subject in the sentence答案：A4. Which of the following sentence structures is considered "inverse"?A. Subject-Verb-ObjectB. Object-Subject-VerbC. Verb-Object-SubjectD. Subject-Object-Verb答案：B5. The process of "creolization" results in the formation of:A. A pidginB. A dialectC. A creoleD. A standard language答案：C6. In English, the word "run" can function as:a. A nounb. A verbc. An adjectived. All of the above答案：D7. The term "register" refers to:A. The highest pitch a voice can reachB. A dialect used by a particular social groupC. The level of formality in language useD. A type of linguistic accent答案：C8. The "universal grammar" hypothesis was proposed by:A. Noam ChomskyB. B.F. SkinnerC. Ferdinand de SaussureD. Edward Sapir答案：A9. The "allophone" of the English phoneme /p/ in the word "spin" is:A. Aspirated [pʰ]B. Unaspirated [p]C. Voiced [b]D. Voiceless [p]答案：A10. The linguistic concept of "polysemy" refers to:A. The use of a single word to express multiple meaningsB. The use of multiple words to express a single meaningC. The change in meaning of a word over timeD. The complete replacement of one word by another答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of language in relation to the brain and the nervous system is known as __________.答案：neurolinguistics2. A(n) __________ is a word that has a meaning and stands alone, typically consisting of a single morpheme.3. The __________ of a word is the set of words that are used together with it and influence its meaning.4. In linguistics, __________ refers to the smallest unit of meaning in a language.5. The __________ is the standard form of a verb that is typically used when conjugating the verb in the present tense.6. A(n) __________ is a word that is formed from a root word and one or more affixes.7. The __________ is the study of the historical developmentof languages.8. The __________ is the systematic study of the structureand function of words.9. The __________ is the study of the way in which languages change over time due to contact with other languages.10. The __________ is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of a language and how they function in a system ofcommunication.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 描述语音学中的“最小对立对”概念，并给出一个英语例子。

语言学考试题一、选择题1. 下列哪个是语言学的基本研究对象？A. 数字B. 文字C. 语言D. 音乐2. 哪位学者提出了语言功能理论？A. #德维特B. 萨普尔斯C. 赫尔德D. #哈尔德格尔3. 语言学的分类方法通常可以分为几大类？A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 24. “语言符号”中包括哪些要素？A. 声音B. 符号C. 拼写D. A、B5. 在语法范畴中，“动宾关系”是指什么？A. 主语和谓语之间的语法关系B. 主语和宾语之间的语法关系C. 宾语和谓语之间的语法关系D. 主语和动词之间的语法关系二、填空题6. 语言学中研究音素的学科是---。

7. 没有逻辑意义的音节称为---。

8. 语音学的基本单位是---。

9. 下列哪个不是语言学的分支学科？10. 一种语言中声母、韵母和声调三者综合的组合称为---。

三、简答题11. 请简要说明音韵学和语音学的区别。

12. 什么是“方言”，方言和语言的关系是什么？13. 什么是语法，语法的作用是什么？14. “文字和语言的关系”是语言学中一个重要问题，请简述你对这个问题的理解。

15. 请简要介绍语言学的研究方法有哪些？四、论述题16. 语言是人类最重要的交流工具之一，请说明语言对个体和社会的重要性。

17. 语言学的发展历程是怎样的？过去、现在和未来的语言学会有怎样的发展趋势？18. 请解释语言与文化之间的关系，并谈谈语言多样性对世界文化的重要影响。

以上便是本次语言学考试题的全部内容，请同学们认真地完成每一道题目，祝大家取得优异的成绩！。

语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的历史发展B. 语言的内在结构和功能C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言的学习和教学2. 下列哪个不是语音学的研究对象？A. 音素B. 音节C. 语法D. 音位3. 语义学主要研究的是：A. 语言的发音规则B. 语言的语法结构C. 语言的意义D. 语言的书写形式4. 转换生成语法是由哪位语言学家提出的？A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨皮尔5. 下列哪个词属于派生词？A. 快乐B. 快速C. 快乐地D. 快车6. 句法学研究的是：A. 句子的构成B. 词义的组合C. 语言的发音D. 语言的书写7. 社会语言学关注的是：A. 语言的变异与变化B. 语言与社会的关系C. 语言的起源和发展D. 语言的标准化8. 语言的功能主义理论是由下列哪位语言学家提出的？A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 韩礼德D. 布隆菲尔德9. 语言的同源词是指：A. 同一种语言中的不同词B. 不同语言中意义相同的词C. 来自同一词根的词D. 不同语言中发音相同的词10. 下列哪项不是语用学的研究内容？A. 语境B. 言语行为C. 语言的逻辑结构D. 语言的交际功能答案：1-5 B C C B D 6-10 A C B C C二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. 语言学的四个主要分支是语音学、语法学、语义学和________。

2. 索绪尔是________语言学的创始人。

3. 语言的任意性原则是指语言符号的_______和_______之间没有必然的联系。

4. 词类转换是指通过改变词的形式来改变其_______。

5. 语言的同化现象是指不同语言在交流中逐渐_______的现象。

6. 语言的方言是指同一语言内部由于_______、_______等因素而形成的不同变体。

7. 语言的借词是指一种语言从另一种语言中借用的_______或_______。