大学高级英语(2)修辞格汇总期末参考

高级英语第二册修辞总结高级英语第二册修辞总结Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 T elephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees,and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor ,simileLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits-cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present ,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,antitheft more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots anda clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not eveninquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simile Lesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairshave been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by sidewith each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moveddesultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once there was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied,and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slipsand slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up atthe vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphor1 Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,thatthe torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay anyprice,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operativeventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4 …in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of thetiger ended up inside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear tonegotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historicalallusion,climax7 And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;askwhat you can do for your country.—contrast, winding1 Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in amonth of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate thatlogic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolutionwaning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at firstI was temptedto give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers stillsmoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them intoflame.—metaphor,extended metaphorLesson61 As in architecture,so in automaking.—elliptical sentenceLesson81 O ne speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhumanrelations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallismLesson 101 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgicrecollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2 Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult forour young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of theVictorian social structure,and by precipitations our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after thresh hooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germanytoward the United States,and our official reluctance todeclare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the warand now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe fordemocracy”.—metaphor7 After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds andpens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playingwith marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to showthe way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche。

高级英语-第二册-修辞-最全整理高级英语第二册修辞Lesson 11The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor 2They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile 3It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moved desultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once there was a focus.—metaphor4The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile 5Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6When E.M.Fors ter writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphor7. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. Metaphor, personification8. Perhaps above all, one would not have been engaged by interest in the musketeer who raised thesubject, wondering more about her. Metaphor9. and no one has any idea where the conversation will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. Metaphor10 The conversation is on the wings. Metaphor11. They did not delve into each other’s lives or the recesses of t heir thoughts and feelings. Metaphor12. The glow of the conversation burst into flames.MetaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits-cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,antitheft more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simile7 … there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards,all clamoring for a cigarette. Transferred epithet8. four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road witha clumping of boots and a clatter ofiron wheels. Onomatopoeia9. Are they really the same flesh as your self? Do they evenhave names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects?Rhetorical question10. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields. Simile11. Sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.simileLesson 31Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis 4…in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax7And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, winding8. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce. Parallelism9. We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foeto assure the survival and the success of liberty. Parallelism (or parallel structure) and Alliteration10. And if a beachhead of co-operation my push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides joinin creating a new endeavor. Metaphor11 We observe today not a victory of part but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as wellas a beginning, signifying renewal as well as a change. Parallelism (or parallel structure)12. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that …Alliteration13. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. metaphor14. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems whichdivide us. antithesis15. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. repetitionLesson 41Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay withhis memorable Old Chi na and Dream’s Children.—metaphor 2Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.—antithesis4What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody5This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor,extended metaphor7. I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. Transferred epithet8. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s f rontier. metaphor9. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs to guidethem during a grail, metonymy10. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction. understatement11. but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. M etonymy12. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker for the rain. M etonymy13. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. M etonymy14. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girlbeautiful. Antithesis15. Look at me --- a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Lookat Petey --- a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Antithesis16. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.Synecdoche17. Could Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? Rhetorical question18. I cited instances, pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. It waslike digging a tunnel. Simile19. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, aspenetrating as a scalpel.Simile and Hyperbole20. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. metaphor21. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. HyperboleLesson 51The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:”.—transferred epithet2Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,—metaphor5The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy7Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor8These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of thedollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche9. The important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States, was the rallyingpoint of sensitive persons disgusted with America. metaphor10. Their very homes were often uncomfortable to them; they had outgrown town andFamilies.... metaphor11. Since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for… Metonymy and Personification12. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit which denounced it. Metonymy13. until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to ahalt and… metaphorLesson 61The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crow ds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet2So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.—synecdoche, metaphor3Sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood —alliteration; metaphor4Tin Pan Alley .— metonymy5New York was never Mecca to me. .— metonymy; metaphor 6Nature constantly yields to man in New York .—personification7So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers .—as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers. .—simile;onomatopoeia8Those paintings don’t sell do illustrations; those who can’t get acting jobs do commercials;those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines —parallelism 9“So what else is new?” .—rhetorical question10The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town .—euphemism 11All have their little sovereignties, all are sizable enough to be….. .— metaphor 12Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously .—personificationLesson 101. The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of the town.2. His choice of a vocation does not cause him any uneasy wonderas to whether or not it will cost him all his friends. Transferred epithetSimileand as persistent—as rain, snow, taxes or businessmenIt is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky. Metaphorhis props have all been knocked out from under himarmed with two Bessie Smith records …accept my role in the extraordinary drama which is America…when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in … unpredictable b attle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing hismuscles…an American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs…to step out of that lukewarm bath…Even the most incorrigible maverick has to be born somewhere.An American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder. Simile明喻Metaphor暗喻Alliteration头韵法Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶Transferred Epithet 移就Metonymy 借喻，转喻Synecdoche 提喻Synaesthesia通感Personification 拟人Hyperbole 夸张Parallelism 排比Euphemism 委婉语Repetition重复Irony 讽刺，反语Pun 双关Rhetorical question 修辞疑问Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Climax 渐进法，层进法Anticlimax 渐降法Onomatopoeia 拟声Allusion 隐喻Antonomasia 换称。

高级英语第二册修辞汇总集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）L e s s o n11.?Wind?and?rain?now?wiped?the?house.?----metaphor(暗喻)2.?The?children?went?from?adult?to?adult?like?buckets?in?a?fire ?brigade.?----simile?(明喻)3.?The?wind?sounded?like?the?roar?of?a?train?passing?a?few?yard s?away.?-----simile4.?…it?seized?a?600,00?gallon?Gulfport?oil?tank?and?dumped?it?3.5?miles?away.?----personification(拟人)5.?We?can?batten?down?and?ride?it?out.?-----metaphor6.?Everybody?out?the?back?door?to?the?cars!—ellipsis?(省略)7.?Telephone?poles?and?20-inch-thick?pines?cracked?like?guns?as?the?winds?snapped?them.?-----simile8.?Several?vacationers?at?the?luxurious?Richelieu?Apartments?th ere?held?a?hurricane?party?to?watch?the?storm?from?their?specta cular?vantage?point-----transferred?epithet移就9.?Strips?of?clothing?festooned?the?standing?trees,?and?blown?d own?power?lines?coiled?like?black?spaghetti?over?the?roads----metaphor;?simileLesson21.?The?burying-ground?is?merely?a?huge?waste?of?hummocky?earth,?like?a?derelic t?building-lot.?-----simile2.?They?rise?out?of?the?earth,?they?sweat?and?starve?for?a?few? years,?and?then?they?sink?back?into?the?nameless?mounds?of?the?graveyard?a nd?nobody?notices?that?they?are?gone.?-----alliteration押头韵3.?...?and?sore-eyed?children?cluster?everywhere?in?unbelievable?numbers,?like? clouds?of?flies.?----simile4.?And?really?it?was?almost?like?watching?a?flock?of?cattle?to? see?the?long?column,?a?mile?or?two?miles?of?armed?men,?flowing? peacefully?up?the?road,?while?the?great?white?birds?drifted?over?them?in?the?oppo site?direction,?glittering?like?scraps?of?paper.?-----?simile5.?The?little?crowd?of?mourners?all?men?and?boys,?no?women threaded?their?way?across?the?market?place?between?the?piles?of?pomegranates?and?the?taxis?and?the?camels,?wailing?a?short?chan t?over?and?over?again.--—elliptical?sentence6.?A?carpenter?sits?cross-legged?at?a?prehistoric?lathe,?turning?chair-legs?at?lightning?speed.—-?hyperbole7.?Instantly,?from?the?dark?holes?all?round,?there?was?a?frenzi ed?rush?of?Jews,?many?of?them?old?grandfathers?with?flowing?grey?beards,?a ll?clamoring?for?a?cigarette.?-----transferred?epithet?8.?Still,?a?white?skin?is?always?fairly?conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9.?As?the?storks?flew?northward?the?Negroes?were?marching?south ward a?long,?dusty?column,?infantry,?screw-gun?batteries,?and?then?more?infantry,?four?or?five?thousand?men?in?all,?winding?up?the?road ?with?a?clumping?of?boots?and?a?clatter?of?iron?wheels.—---onomatopoetic?words?symbolism10.?Not?hostile,?not?contemptuous,?not?sullen,?not?even?inquisi tive.?—--elliptical?sentence11.?This?wretched?boy,?who?is?a?French?citizen?and?has?therefor e?been?dragged?from?the?forest?to?scrub?floors?and?catch?syphilis?in?g arrison?towns,?actually?has?feelings?of?reverence?before?a?white?skin.?—-synecdoche提喻Lesson31.?…?and?no?one?has?any?idea?where?it?will?go?as?it?meanders?o r?leaps?and?sparkles?or?just?glows.?---mixed-metaphor?or?metaphor2.?…?that?suddenly?the?alchemy?of?conversation?took?place,?and ?all?at?once?there?was?a?focus.?----metaphor3.?The?glow?of?the?conversation?burst?into?flames.?----metaphor4.?We?had?traveled?in?five?minutes?to?Australia.?-----metaphor The?fact?that?their?marriages?may?be?on?the?rocks,?or?that?thei r?love?affairs?have?been?broken?or?even?that?they?got?out?of?be d?on?the?wrong?side?is?simply?not?a?concern.--—metaphor5.?The?conversation?was?on?wings.?----metaphor6.?The?bother?about?teaching?chimpanzees?how?to?talk?is?that?th ey?will?probably?try?to?talk?sense?and?so?ruin?all?conversation .?-----sarcasm反讽7.?They?are?like?the?musketeers?of?Dumas?who,?although?they?liv ed?side?by?side?with?each?other,?did?not?delve?into?each?other's?lives? or?the?recesses?of?their?thoughts?and?feelings.?-----simile8.?They?are?like?the?musketeers?of?Dumas?who,?although?they?liv ed?side?by?side?with?each?other,?did?not?delve?into,?each?other ’s?lives?or?the?recesses?of?their?thoughts?and?feelings.—-simile9.?Is?the?phrase?in?Shakespeare??----metonymy10.?The?Elizabethans?blew?on?it?as?on?a?dandelion?clock,?and?it s?seeds?multiplied,?and?floated?to?the?ends?of?the?earth.—simile 11.?Even?with?the?most?educated?and?the?most?literate,?the?King ’s?English?slips?and?slides?in?conversation.—alliteration12.?When?E.M.F?orster?writes?of?“the?sinister?corridor?of?our? age,”?we?sit?up?at?the?vividness?of?the?phrase,?the?for ce?and? even?terror?in?the?image.—--metaphorLesson 41.?United,?there?is?little?we?cannot?do?in?a?host?of?co-operative?ventures.?Divided,?there?is?little?we?can?do,?for?we?dare?not?meet?a?powe r?full?challenge?at?odds?and?split?asunder.—antithesis2.…in?the?past,?those?who?foolishly?sought?power?by?riding?the ?back?of?the?tiger?ended?up?inside.—metaphor3.?Let?us?never?negotiate?out?of?fear,?but?let?us?never?fear?to ?negotiate.—regression?(回环:A-B-C)4.?All?this?will?not?be?finished?in?the?first?one?hundred?days.—allusion?引典;?climax递进5.?And?so,?my?fellow?Americans?ask?not?what?your?country?can?do ?for?you;?ask?what?you?can?do?for?your?country.—antithesis,?regression回环6?We?observe?today?not?a?victory?of?party?but?a?celebration?of? freedom,?symbolizing?an?end?as?well?as?a?beginning,?signifying?renewal?a s?well?as?change.?----parallelism7.?Let?the?word?go?forth?from?this?time?and?place,?to?friend?an d?foe?alike….—alliteration8.?Let?every?nation?know,?whether?it?wishes?us?well?or?i11,?tha t?we?shall?pay?any?price,?bear?any?burden,?meet?any?hardship,?support?any? friend,?oppose?any?foe?to?assure?the?survival?and?the?success?of?libert y.?----–parallelism;?alliteration9.?United,?there?is?little?we?cannot?do?in?a?host?of?co-operative?ventures.?Divided,?there?is?little?we?can?do,?for?we?dare?not?meet?a?powe rful?challenge?at?odds?and?split?asunder.?----antithesis对句10.?If?a?free?society?cannot?help?the?many?who?are?poor,?it?can not?save?the?few?who?are?rich.?-----antithesis11.?…?to?assist?free?men?and?free?governments?in?casting?off?t he?chains?of?poverty.?---repetition?12.?And?if?a?beachhead?of?co-operation?may?push?back?the?jungle?of?suspicion…-----metaphor13.?Let?both?sides?explore?what?problems?unite?us?instead?of?be laboring?those?problems?which?divide?us.?-----antithesis14.And?let?every?other?power?know?that?this?hemisphere?intends? to?remain?the?master?of?its?own?house.?-----metaphor15.?The?energy,?the?faith,?the?devotion?which?we?bring?to?this? endeavor?will?light?our?country?and?all?who?serve?it,?and?the?glow?from? that?fire?can?truly?light?the?world.?-----extended?metaphor 16.?…to?strengthen?its?shield?of?the?new?and?the?weak…?----metaphor17.With?a?good?conscience?our?only?sure?reward,?with?history?th e?final?judge?of?our?deeds…?-----parallelismLesson51.?Read,?then,?the?following?essay?which?undertakes?to?demonstr ate?that?logic,?far?from?being?a?dry,?pedantic?discipline,?is?a?living,? breathing?thing,?full?of?beauty,?passion,?and?trauma.—-metaphor;?hyperbole2.?Charles?Lamb,?as?merry?and?enterprising?a?fellow?as?you?will ?meet?in?a?month?of?Sundays,?unfettered?the?informal?essay?with ?his?memorable?Old?China?and?Dream’s?Children.—metaphor3.?Cool?was?I?and?logical.?----inversion?(倒装)4.?My?brain?was?as?powerful?as?a?dynamo,?as?precise?as?a?chemis t's?scales,?as?penetrating?as?a?scalpel.-----simile5.?My?brain,?that?precision?instrument,?slipped?into?high?gear. ?----metaphor?or?-mixed-metaphor6.Same?age,?same?background,?but?dumb?as?an?ox.?----simile7.?I?was?not?one?to?let?my?heart?rule?my?head.?----metonymy转喻8.?"I?may?do?better?than?that,"?I?said?with?a?mysterious?wink?? and?closed?my?bag?and?left.?----transferred?epithet9.?Maybe?somewhere?in?the?extinct?crater?of?her?mind,?a?few?emb ers?still?smoldered.?----metaphor10.?We?went?to?the?Knoll,?the?campus?trysting?place,?and?we?sat ?down?under?an?old?oak,?and?she?looked?at?me?expectantly.?-----allusion11.?Just?as?Pygmalion?loved?the?perfect?woman?he?had?fashioned, ?----allusion12.I?was?not?Pygmalion;?I?was?Frankenstein,?and?my?monster?had?me? by?the?throat.?----allusion13.The?time?had?come?to?change?our?relationship?from?academic?t o?romantic.?----assonance?(半)谐音14.?Back?and?forth?his?head?swiveled,?desire?waxing,?resolution ?waning.—antithesis15.?What’s?Polly?to?me,?or?me?to?Polly?—parody16."Your?girl,"?I?said,?mincing?no?words.?----litotes?(间接肯定)17.?This?loomed?as?a?project?of?no?small?dimensions…?-----litotes?or?understatement18.?Maybe?somewhere?in?the?extinct?crater?of?her?mind,?a?few?em bers?still?smoldered.?Maybe?somehow?I?could?fan?them?into?flame .—-metaphor?or?extended?metaphor19.?There?is?a?limit?to?what?flesh?and?blood?can?bear.?----synecdoche?20.He?has?hamstrung?his?opponent?before?he?could?even?start.?----metaphor21.?Over?and?over?and?over?again?I?cited?instances?pointed?out? flaws,?kept?hammering?away?without?let-up.?----metaphor22.?Suddenly,?a?g1immer?of?intelligence—the?first?I?had?seen--came?into?her?eyes.?----metaphor23.?I?saw?a?chink?of?light.?And?then?the?chink?got?bigger?and?t he?sun?came?pouring?in?and?all?was?bright.?-----metaphor24..?You?are?the?whole?world?to?me,?and?the?moon?and?the?stars? and?the?constellations?of?outer?space.?-----hyperbole;?metaphor25.?He's?a?liar.?He's?a?cheat.?He's?a?rat.?----climax?(递进)26.Look?at?me--a?brilliant?student,?a?tremendous?intellectual,?a?man?with? an?assured?future.?Look?at?Petey--a?knot-head,?a?jitterbug,?a?guy?who'll?never?know?where?his?next?meal?is?coming?from.?-----antithesis 对句Lesson71.?Here?was?the?very?heart?of?industrial?America,?the?center?of ?its?most?lucrative?and?characteristic?activity,?the?boast?and?pride?of?t he?richest?and?grandest?nation?ever?seen?on?earth—and?here?was?a?scene?so?dreadfully?hideous,?so?intolerably?bleak?and?forlorn?that?it?reduced?the?w hole?aspiration?of?man?to?a?macabre?and?depressing?joke.—metaphor;?hyperbole;?parallelism;?antithesis2.?Here?was?wealth?beyond?computation,?almost?beyond?imaginatio nand?here?were?human?habitations?so?abominable?that?they?would?h ave?disgraced?a?race?of?alley?cats.—hyperbole;?antithesis3.?What?I?allude?to?is?the?unbroken?and?agonizing?ugliness,?the ?sheer?revolting?monstrousness,?of?every?house?in?sight.?----transferred?epithet4.?…,?there?was?not?one?in?sight?from?the?train?that?did?not?i nsult?and?lacerate?the?eye.?----hyperbole;?double?negatives?(双否)5.There?was?not?a?single?decent?house?within?eye?range?from?the? Pittsburgh?suburbs?to?the?Greensburg?yards，and?there?was?not?one?that?was?not?misshapen,?and?there?was?not ?one?that?was?not?shabby.?----hyperbole;?repetition;?double?negatives6.?The?country?itself?is?not?uncomely,?despite?the?grime?of?the ?endless?mills.—litotes?or?understatement7.?Obviously,?if?their?were?architects?of?any?professional?sens e?or?dignity?in?the?region,?they?would?have?perfected?a?chalet?to?hug?the?hi llsides—a?chalet?with?a?high-pitched?roof,?to?throw?off?the?heavy?winter?snows,?but?still?es sentially?a?low?and?clinging?building,?wider?than?it?was?tall.-—?ridicule?（讽刺）8.?This?they?have?converted?into?a?thing?of?dingy?clapboards,?w ith?a?narrow,?low-pitched?roof.?----inversion?(倒装)9.?On?their?deep?sides?they?are?three,?four?and?even?five?stori es?high;?on?their?low?sides?they?bury?themselves?swinishly?in?the?mud.?----metaphor10.But?what?brick!?-----ellipsis?(省略)11.?…,?and?so?they?have?the?most?loathsome??towns?and?villages ?ever?seen?by?mortal?eye?.?----?hyperbole12.?I?award?this?championship?only?after?laborious?research?and ?incessant?prayer.?----irony;?sarcasm13.?And?one?and?all?they?are?streaked?in?grime,?with?dead?and?e czematous?patches?of?paint?peeping?through?the?streaks.—metaphor14.?When?it?has?taken?on?the?patina?of?the?mills?it?is?the?colo r?of?an?egg?long?past?all?hope?or?caring.—ridicule,?irony,?metaphor15.?I?award?this?championship?only?after?laborious?research?and ?incessant?prayer.—irony16.?Safe?in?a?Pullman,?I?have?whirled?through?the?gloomy,?God-forsaken?villages?of?Iowa?and?Lansas,?and?the?malarious?tidewat er?hamlets?of?Georgia.—antonomasia?(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)?or?allusion 17.?It?is?as?if?some?titanic?and?aberrant?genius,?uncompromisin gly?inimical?to?man,?had?devoted?all?the?ingenuity?of?Hell?to?the?m aking?of?them.—hyperbole,?irony18.?They?like?it?as?it?is:?beside?it,?the?Parthenon?would?no?do ubt?offend?them.—irony19.?It?is?that?of?a?Presbyterian?grinning.—metaphor20.A?few?linger?in?memory,?horrible?even?there:?a?crazy?little? church?just?west?of?Jeannette?----personification21?…set?like?a?dormer-window?on?the?side?of?a?bare,?leprous?hill…-----?metaphor22.??a?steel?stadium?like?a?huge?rattrap?somewhere?further?down ?the?line.?----simile23.?They?like?it?as?it?is:?beside?it,?the?Parthenon?would?no?do ubt?offend?them.?----?antonomasia?(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)?or?allusion 24.?When?it?has?taken?on?the?patina?of?the?mills?it?is?the?colo r?of?an?egg?long?past?all?hope?or?caring.?----metaphor25.?It?is?as?if?some?titanic?and?aberrant?genius,?uncompromisin gly?inimical?to?man,?had?devoted?all?the?ingenuity?of?Hell?to?the?m aking?of?them.?----hyperbole;?irony26.?Such?ghastly?designs,?it?must?be?obvious,?give?a?genuine?de light?to?a?certain?type?of?mind.?----synecdoche?(提喻)27.?Thus?I?suspect?(though?confessedly?without?knowing)?that?th e?vast?majority?of?the?honest?folk?of?Westmoreland?county,?and?especia lly?the?100%?Americans?among?them,?actually?admire?the?houses?they?live ?in,?and?are?proud?of?them.?-----irony;?sarcasm28.?It?is?incredible?that?mere?ignorance?should?have?achieved?s uch?masterpieces?of?horror.?---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelism Lesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of theirchildren,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of thefirst visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it becameincreasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivetedestroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful youngwriters,their minds and pens inflamed againstwar,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19) to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctivefellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that richvariety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they havefallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from underhim,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,awriter,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。

Lesson11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人)5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners all men and boys, no womenthreaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symbolism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —-- elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —- synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor2. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all atonce there was a focus. ----metaphor3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor4. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—metaphor5. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor6. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will pro bably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽7. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile8. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side b y side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile9. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy10. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile11. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration12. When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson 41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike ….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challen ge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis11. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition12. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor13. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis14.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor15. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor16. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor17.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson51. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing , full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—-metaphor; hyperbole2. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor3. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion (倒装)4. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales , as penetrating as a scalpel.-----simile5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ---- metaphor or -mixed-metaphor6.Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. ----simile7. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻8. "I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor10. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion11. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ---- allusion12. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. ----allusion13.The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonance (半)谐音14. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis15. What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody16."Your girl," I said, mincing no words. ----litotes (间接肯定)17. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes or understatement18. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor19. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ---- metaphor21. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. ----metaphor22. Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes. ----metaphor23. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. -----metaphor24.. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor25. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax (递进)26.Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfullyhideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis3. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet4. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)5.There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives6. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement7. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-—ridicule （讽刺）8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)9. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor10.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)11. …, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye . ---- hyperbole12. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm13. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor14. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor15. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony16. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 17. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisinglyinimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony18. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony19. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to acertain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such master pieces of horror. ---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,acheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by thewar and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor 7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19) to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among theEnglish,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor 10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to removepermanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。

simile1.It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky2.They are like the musketeers of Dumas…3.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth.metaphor1... and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath2.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been3.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.4.The conversation was on wings.5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.6.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries7.we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.8.We can batten down and ride it out9.Wind and rain now whipped the house.mixed metaphor1.and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.metonymy – change of name – the association of two unlike things[mi'tɔnimi] 转喻，借代He met his Waterloo. He likes to read Hemingway.1.In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describessynecdoche – whole for part or part for whole[si'nekdəki] 提喻He has many mouth to feed in his family. China beat South Korea 3 to 1. The vineyard are intersected by channels, red and yellow sails glide slowly through the vines. Nowadays more and more people have a liking for cotton.1.But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary' s2.yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.alliteration1.… a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life2.ask of us here th e same high standards of strength and sacrifice…3.One form of colonial control shall not have passed away.4.We shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom.5.We pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.6.We shall pay any price, bear any burden7.To assure the survival and the success of libertyassonance (元韵、母韵、半谐音) and antithesis… between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961)antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对比1.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich2.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.3.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.4.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.parallelism – ideas are paired and sequenced in the same grammatical form1.Both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom2.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3.We renew our pledge of support to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.4.We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, and oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.5.A new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace.repetition –repetition of sounds, words, or sentences that can create good rhythm and parallelism to make the language musical, emphatic, and memorable. 反复1.We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.2.Bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.personification1.A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.2.… it seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it3.5 miles away.3.They flared their nostrils and pranced and boasted to one anothertransferred epithet 移就He had some cheerful wine at the party. He ate with a wolfish appetite. a helpless smile a protesting chair a blind haste1.Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.2.and his choice of a vocation does not cause him any uneasy wonder as to whether or not it will cost him all his friends.3.A bound-less and generous contentment, a magnanimous triumph felt not against some outer enemy but in communion with the finest and fairest in the souls of all men everywhere and the splendor of the world's summer4.The faces of small children are amiably sticky; in the benign grey beard of a man a couple of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled.5.The others never come close, but peer in at it with frightened, disgusted eyes.synesthesia [.sinəs'θi:ʒiə] 通感the music breathing from her face heavy perfume and noisy color 浓郁的香气和刺眼的色彩He gave me a sour look.1.Children dodged in and out, their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and the singing.2.One could hear the music winding through the city streets, … bells.exaggeration/ hyperbole [hai'pə:bəli] 夸张1.Perhaps it is because of my up-bringing in English pubs2.In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.。

Rhetorical Devicessimile 明喻metaphor 暗喻hyperbole 夸张metonymy 转喻synecdoche 借喻mixed metaphor 混合暗喻personification 拟人antithesis 对仗parallelism 排比transferred epithet 转移修饰alliteration 押头韵onomatopoeia 拟声词1.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere,and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (mixed metaphor)2.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think barconversation has a charm of its own. (hyperbole)3.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairshave broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (metaphor)4.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side byside with each other, did not delve into each other's lives.(simile & metaphor)5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (metaphor)6.The conversation was on wings. (metaphor)7.Is the phrase in Shakespeare? (synecdoche)8.…that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at oncethere was a focus.（metaphor）9.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock.（simile）10.The King's English slips and slides in conversation.（alliteration）11.the sinister corridor of our age（metaphor）我们的时代罪恶的走廊12.Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the greatminds are supposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th century.（synecdoche）13. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.（metaphor）14. Otherwise one will bind the conversation. （metaphor）15. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to theNorman Conquest. （metaphor）16.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like aderelict building-lot.（simile）17.…and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like brokenbrick.（simile）18. Are they really the same flesh as your self ?（synecdoche）19.They sweat and starve for a few years.（alliteration）20.…and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, likeclouds of flies. （simile）21. …turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (hyperbole)22.There was a frenzied rush of Jews.（transferred epithet）23.…are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. （simile）24.A white skin is always fairly conspicuous.（synecdoche）25.The soil is exactly like broken-up brick .（simile）26.…winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of ironwheels.（onomatopoeia）27.Their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood.（simile）28.And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column.（simile）29.…while the great white birds drifted ov er them in the opposite direction，glittering like scraps of paper.（simile）30.friend and foe（alliteration）31.（metonymy）32.We shall pay any price, bear any burden…（alliteration）33.United，there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided，there is little we can do，for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.（antithesis）只要我们团结一致，我们将无所不能，完成众多的合作事业；一旦我们分歧对立，我们将一事无成，因为我们不敢遇见一个与我们意见相左的强大挑战，最后导致四分五裂。

1. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,theit ,andcowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificialwalls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphorviolentto theUnitedsleepytheir fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with theto betterof thethey dotypical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keensalesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification7.It for anbetween them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymy Lesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphorin theI hated4.It cripplingto know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis。

Lesson11。

Wind and rain now wiped the house. ——-—metaphor(暗喻）2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade。

-——-simile （明喻)3。

The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away。

————-simile4。

…it seized a 600，00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3。

5 miles away。

————personification（拟人）5. We can batten down and ride it out。

——--—metaphor6。

Everybody out the back door to the cars！—ellipsis （省略）7. Telephone poles and 20-inch—thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. ——-——simile8。

Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point ——--—transferred epithet移就9。

Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees， and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads————metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying—ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth， like a derelict building-lot. -——-—simile2。

Lesson11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人)5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners all men and boys, no womenthreaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symbolism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —-- elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —- synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor2. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all atonce there was a focus. ----metaphor3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor4. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—metaphor5. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor6. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will pro bably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽7. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile8. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side b y side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile9. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy10. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile11. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration12. When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson 41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike ….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challen ge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis11. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition12. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor13. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis14.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor15. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor16. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor17.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson51. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing , full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—-metaphor; hyperbole2. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor3. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion (倒装)4. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales , as penetrating as a scalpel.-----simile5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ---- metaphor or -mixed-metaphor6.Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. ----simile7. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻8. "I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor10. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion11. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ---- allusion12. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. ----allusion13.The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonance (半)谐音14. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis15. What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody16."Your girl," I said, mincing no words. ----litotes (间接肯定)17. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes or understatement18. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor19. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ---- metaphor21. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. ----metaphor22. Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes. ----metaphor23. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. -----metaphor24.. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor25. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax (递进)26.Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfullyhideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis3. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet4. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)5.There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives6. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement7. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-—ridicule （讽刺）8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)9. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor10.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)11. …, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye . ---- hyperbole12. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm13. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor14. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor15. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony16. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 17. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisinglyinimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony18. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony19. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to acertain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such master pieces of horror. ---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,acheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by thewar and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor 7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19) to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among theEnglish,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor 10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to removepermanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。

Lesson11.?Wind?and?rain?now?wiped?the?house.?----metaphor(暗喻)2.?The?children?went?from?adult?to?adult?like?buckets?in?a?fire?brigade.?----si mile?(明喻)3.?The?wind?sounded?like?the?roar?of?a?train?passing?a?few?yards?away.?-----simile4.?…it?seized?a?600,00?gallon?Gulfport?oil?tank?and?dumped?it?3.5?miles?aw ay.?----personification(拟人)5.?We?can?batten?down?and?ride?it?out.?-----metaphor6.?Everybody?out?the?back?door?to?the?cars!—ellipsis?(省略)7.?Telephone?poles?and?20-inch-thick?pines?cracked?like?guns?as?the? winds?snapped?them.?-----simile8.?Several?vacationers?at?the?luxurious?Richelieu?Apartments?there?held?a?hur ricane?party?to?watch?the?storm?from?their?spectacular?vantage?point-----transf erred?epithet移就9.?Strips?of?clothing?festooned?the?standing?trees,?and?blown?down? power?lines?coiled?like?black?spaghetti?over?the?roads----metaphor;?simile Lesson21.?The?burying-ground?is?merely?a?huge?waste?of?hummocky?earth,?like?a?de relict?building-lot.?-----simile2.?They?rise?out?of?the?earth,?they?sweat?and?starve?for?a?few?years,?and? then?they?sink?back?into?the?nameless?mounds?of?the?graveyard?and?nobody?notices?that?they?are?gone.?-----alliteration押头韵3.?...?and?sore-eyed?children?cluster?everywhere?in?unbelievable?numbers,?like ?clouds?of?flies.?----simile4.?And?really?it?was?almost?like?watching?a?flock?of?cattle?to?see?the?long?c olumn,?a?mile?or?two?miles?of?armed?men,?flowing?peacefully?up?the? road,?while?the?great?white?birds?drifted?over?them?in?the?opposite? direction,?glittering?like?scraps?of?paper.?-----?simile5.?The?little?crowd?of?mourners?all?men?and?boys,?no?womenthreaded?their?way?across?the?market?place?between?the?piles?of? pomegranates?and?the?taxis?and?the?camels,?wailing?a?short?chant?over?and?o ver?again.--—elliptical?sentence6.?A?carpenter?sits?cross-legged?at?a?prehistoric?lathe,?turning?chair-legs?at?li ghtning?speed.—-?hyperbole7.?Instantly,?from?the?dark?holes?all?round,?there?was?a?frenzied?rush?of? Jews,?many?of?them?old?grandfathers?with?flowing?grey?beards,?all? clamoring?for?a?cigarette.?-----transferred?epithet?8.?Still,?a?white?skin?is?always?fairly?conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9.?As?the?storks?flew?northward?the?Negroes?were?marching?southwarda?long,?dusty?column,?infantry,?screw-gun?batteries,?and?then?more? infantry,?four?or?five?thousand?men?in?all,?winding?up?the?road?with?a? clumping?of?boots?and?a?clatter?of?iron?wheels.—---onomatopoetic?words?sy mbolism10.?Not?hostile,?not?contemptuous,?not?sullen,?not?even?inquisitive.?—--elliptical?sentence11.?This?wretched?boy,?who?is?a?French?citizen?and?has?therefore?been? dragged?from?the?forest?to?scrub?floors?and?catch?syphilis?in?garrison? towns,?actually?has?feelings?of?reverence?before?a?white?skin.?—- synecdoche提喻Lesson31.?…?and?no?one?has?any?idea?where?it?will?go?as?it?meanders?or?leaps?and ?sparkles?or?just?glows.?---mixed-metaphor?or?metaphor2.?…?that?suddenly?the?alchemy?of?conversation?took?place,?and?all?at? once?there?was?a?focus.?----metaphor3.?The?glow?of?the?conversation?burst?into?flames.?----metaphor4.?We?had?traveled?in?five?minutes?to?Australia.?-----metaphorThe?fact?that?their?marriages?may?be?on?the?rocks,?or?that?their?love?affairs? have?been?broken?or?even?that?they?got?out?of?bed?on?the?wrong?side?is? simply?not?a?concern.--—metaphor5.?The?conversation?was?on?wings.?----metaphor6.?The?bother?about?teaching?chimpanzees?how?to?talk?is?that?they?will?prob ably?try?to?talk?sense?and?so?ruin?all?conversation.?-----sarcasm反讽7.?They?are?like?the?musketeers?of?Dumas?who,?although?they?lived?side? by?side?with?each?other,?did?not?delve?into?each?other's?lives?or?the? recesses?of?their?thoughts?and?feelings.?-----simile8.?They?are?like?the?musketeers?of?Dumas?who,?although?they?lived?side?by? side?with?each?other,?did?not?delve?into,?each?other’s?lives?or?the?recesses?of?their?thoughts?and?feelings.—-simile9.?Is?the?phrase?in?Shakespeare??----metonymy10.?The?Elizabethans?blew?on?it?as?on?a?dandelion?clock,?and?its?seeds? multiplied,?and?floated?to?the?ends?of?the?earth.—simile11.?Even?with?the?most?educated?and?the?most?literate,?the?King’s?English?sl ips?and?slides?in?conversation.—alliteration12.?When?E.M.F?orster?writes?of?“the?sinister?corridor?of?our?age,”?we?sit?u p?at?the?vividness?of?the?phrase,?the?force?and?even?terror?in?the?image.—--metaphorLesson 41.?United,?there?is?little?we?cannot?do?in?a?host?of?co-operative?ventures.? Divided,?there?is?little?we?can?do,?for?we?dare?not?meet?a?power?full? challenge?at?odds?and?split?asunder.—antithesis2.…in?the?past,?those?who?foolishly?sought?power?by?riding?the?back?of? the?tiger?ended?up?inside.—metaphor3.?Let?us?never?negotiate?out?of?fear,?but?let?us?never?fear?to?negotiate.—regression?(回环:A-B-C)4.?All?this?will?not?be?finished?in?the?first?one?hundred?days.—allusion?引典;?climax递进5.?And?so,?my?fellow?Americans?ask?not?what?your?country?can?do?for? you;?ask?what?you?can?do?for?your?country.—antithesis,?regression回环6?We?observe?today?not?a?victory?of?party?but?a?celebration?of?freedom,?symbolizing?an?end?as?well?as?a?beginning,?signifying?renewal?as?well?as?ch ange.?----parallelism7.?Let?the?word?go?forth?from?this?time?and?place,?to?friend?and?foe?alike….—alliteration8.?Let?every?nation?know,?whether?it?wishes?us?well?or?i11,?that?we?shall? pay?any?price,?bear?any?burden,?meet?any?hardship,?support?any?friend,? oppose?any?foe?to?assure?the?survival?and?the?success?of?liberty.?----–parallelism;?alliteration9.?United,?there?is?little?we?cannot?do?in?a?host?of?co-operative?ventures.? Divided,?there?is?little?we?can?do,?for?we?dare?not?meet?a?powerful?challeng e?at?odds?and?split?asunder.?----antithesis对句10.?If?a?free?society?cannot?help?the?many?who?are?poor,?it?cannot?save?the? few?who?are?rich.?-----antithesis11.?…?to?assist?free?men?and?free?governments?in?casting?off?the?chains?of? poverty.?---repetition?12.?And?if?a?beachhead?of?co-operation?may?push?back?the?jungle?of? suspicion…-----metaphor13.?Let?both?sides?explore?what?problems?unite?us?instead?of?belaboring? those?problems?which?divide?us.?-----antithesis14.And?let?every?other?power?know?that?this?hemisphere?intends?to? remain?the?master?of?its?own?house.?-----metaphor15.?The?energy,?the?faith,?the?devotion?which?we?bring?to?this?endeavor?will?light?our?country?and?all?who?serve?it,?and?the?glow?from?that?fire?can? truly?light?the?world.?-----extended?metaphor16.?…to?strengthen?its?shield?of?the?new?and?the?weak…?----metaphor17.With?a?good?conscience?our?only?sure?reward,?with?history?the?final? judge?of?our?deeds…?-----parallelismLesson51.?Read,?then,?the?following?essay?which?undertakes?to?demonstrate?that? logic,?far?from?being?a?dry,?pedantic?discipline,?is?a?living,?breathing?thing,?f ull?of?beauty,?passion,?and?trauma.—-metaphor;?hyperbole2.?Charles?Lamb,?as?merry?and?enterprising?a?fellow?as?you?will?meet?in?a? month?of?Sundays,?unfettered?the?informal?essay?with?his?memorable?Old?Ch ina?and?Dream’s?Children.—metaphor3.?Cool?was?I?and?logical.?----inversion?(倒装)4.?My?brain?was?as?powerful?as?a?dynamo,?as?precise?as?a?chemist's?scales,? as?penetrating?as?a?scalpel.-----simile5.?My?brain,?that?precision?instrument,?slipped?into?high?gear.?---- metaphor?or?-mixed-metaphor6.Same?age,?same?background,?but?dumb?as?an?ox.?----simile7.?I?was?not?one?to?let?my?heart?rule?my?head.?----metonymy转喻8.?"I?may?do?better?than?that,"?I?said?with?a?mysterious?wink??and?closed?m y?bag?and?left.?----transferred?epithet9.?Maybe?somewhere?in?the?extinct?crater?of?her?mind,?a?few?embers?still?s moldered.?----metaphor10.?We?went?to?the?Knoll,?the?campus?trysting?place,?and?we?sat?down? under?an?old?oak,?and?she?looked?at?me?expectantly.?-----allusion11.?Just?as?Pygmalion?loved?the?perfect?woman?he?had?fashioned,?---- allusion12. I?was?not?Pygmalion;?I?was?Frankenstein,?and?my?monster?had?me?by? the?throat.?----allusion13.The?time?had?come?to?change?our?relationship?from?academic?to? romantic.?----assonance?(半)谐音14.?Back?and?forth?his?head?swiveled,?desire?waxing,?resolution?waning.—ant ithesis15.?What’s?Polly?to?me,?or?me?to?Polly?—parody16."Your?girl,"?I?said,?mincing?no?words.?----litotes?(间接肯定)17.?This?loomed?as?a?project?of?no?small?dimensions…?-----litotes?or? understatement18.?Maybe?somewhere?in?the?extinct?crater?of?her?mind,?a?few?embers?still?s moldered.?Maybe?somehow?I?could?fan?them?into?flame.—-metaphor?or?exte nded?metaphor19.?There?is?a?limit?to?what?flesh?and?blood?can?bear.?----synecdoche?20.He?has?hamstrung?his?opponent?before?he?could?even?start.?---- metaphor21.?Over?and?over?and?over?again?I?cited?instances?pointed?out?flaws,?kept?h ammering?away?without?let-up.?----metaphor22.?Suddenly,?a?g1immer?of?intelligence—the?first?I?had?seen--came?into?her ?eyes.?----metaphor23.?I?saw?a?chink?of?light.?And?then?the?chink?got?bigger?and?the?sun?came ?pouring?in?and?all?was?bright.?-----metaphor24..?You?are?the?whole?world?to?me,?and?the?moon?and?the?stars?and?the? constellations?of?outer?space.?-----hyperbole;?metaphor25.?He's?a?liar.?He's?a?cheat.?He's?a?rat.?----climax?(递进)26.Look?at?me--a?brilliant?student,?a?tremendous?intellectual,?a?man?with? an?assured?future.?Look?at?Petey--a?knot-head,?a?jitterbug,?a?guy?who'll? never?know?where?his?next?meal?is?coming?from.?-----antithesis对句Lesson71.?Here?was?the?very?heart?of?industrial?America,?the?center?of?its?most? lucrative?and?characteristic?activity,?the?boast?and?pride?of?the?richest?and? grandest?nation?ever?seen?on?earth—and?here?was?a?scene?so?dreadfully? hideous,?so?intolerably?bleak?and?forlorn?that?it?reduced?the?whole? aspiration?of?man?to?a?macabre?and?depressing?joke.—metaphor;? hyperbole;?parallelism;?antithesis2.?Here?was?wealth?beyond?computation,?almost?beyond?imaginationand?here?were?human?habitations?so?abominable?that?they?would?have? disgraced?a?race?of?alley?cats.—hyperbole;?antithesis3.?What?I?allude?to?is?the?unbroken?and?agonizing?ugliness,?the?sheer? revolting?monstrousness,?of?every?house?in?sight.?----transferred?epithet4.?…,?there?was?not?one?in?sight?from?the?train?that?did?not?insult?and?lacerate?the?eye.?----hyperbole;?double?negatives?(双否)5.There?was?not?a?single?decent?house?within?eye?range?from?the? Pittsburgh?suburbs?to?the?Greensburg?yards，and?there?was?not?one?that?was?not?misshapen,?and?there?was?not?one?that? was?not?shabby.?----hyperbole;?repetition;?double?negatives6.?The?country?itself?is?not?uncomely,?despite?the?grime?of?the?endless? mills.—litotes?or?understatement7.?Obviously,?if?their?were?architects?of?any?professional?sense?or?dignity? in?the?region,?they?would?have?perfected?a?chalet?to?hug?the?hillsides—a? chalet?with?a?high-pitched?roof,?to?throw?off?the?heavy?winter?snows,?but?sti ll?essentially?a?low?and?clinging?building,?wider?than?it?was?tall.-—? ridicule?（讽刺）8.?This?they?have?converted?into?a?thing?of?dingy?clapboards,?with?a? narrow,?low-pitched?roof.?----inversion?(倒装)9.?On?their?deep?sides?they?are?three,?four?and?even?five?stories?high;?on? their?low?sides?they?bury?themselves?swinishly?in?the?mud.?----metaphor10.But?what?brick!?-----ellipsis?(省略)11.?…,?and?so?they?have?the?most?loathsome??towns?and?villages?ever?seen? by?mortal?eye?.?----?hyperbole12.?I?award?this?championship?only?after?laborious?research?and?incessant?pr ayer.?----irony;?sarcasm13.?And?one?and?all?they?are?streaked?in?grime,?with?dead?and?eczematous?p atches?of?paint?peeping?through?the?streaks.—metaphor14.?When?it?has?taken?on?the?patina?of?the?mills?it?is?the?color?of?an?egg? long?past?all?hope?or?caring.—ridicule,?irony,?metaphor15.?I?award?this?championship?only?after?laborious?research?and?incessant?pr ayer.—irony16.?Safe?in?a?Pullman,?I?have?whirled?through?the?gloomy,?God-forsaken?vill ages?of?Iowa?and?Lansas,?and?the?malarious?tidewater?hamlets?of? Georgia.—antonomasia?(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)?or?allusion17.?It?is?as?if?some?titanic?and?aberrant?genius,?uncompromisingly? inimical?to?man,?had?devoted?all?the?ingenuity?of?Hell?to?the?making?of? them.—hyperbole,?irony18.?They?like?it?as?it?is:?beside?it,?the?Parthenon?would?no?doubt?offend? them.—irony19.?It?is?that?of?a?Presbyterian?grinning.—metaphor20.A?few?linger?in?memory,?horrible?even?there:?a?crazy?little?church?just?w est?of?Jeannette?----personification21?…set?like?a?dormer-window?on?the?side?of?a?bare,?leprous?hill…-----?metaphor22.??a?steel?stadium?like?a?huge?rattrap?somewhere?further?down?the?line.? ----simile23.?They?like?it?as?it?is:?beside?it,?the?Parthenon?would?no?doubt?offend? them.?----?antonomasia?(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)?or?allusion24.?When?it?has?taken?on?the?patina?of?the?mills?it?is?the?color?of?an?egg? long?past?all?hope?or?caring.?----metaphor25.?It?is?as?if?some?titanic?and?aberrant?genius,?uncompromisingly? inimical?to?man,?had?devoted?all?the?ingenuity?of?Hell?to?the?making?of? them.?----hyperbole;?irony26.?Such?ghastly?designs,?it?must?be?obvious,?give?a?genuine?delight?to?a? certain?type?of?mind.?----synecdoche?(提喻)27.?Thus?I?suspect?(though?confessedly?without?knowing)?that?the?vast? majority?of?the?honest?folk?of?Westmoreland?county,?and?especially?the? 100%?Americans?among?them,?actually?admire?the?houses?they?live?in,? and?are?proud?of?them.?-----irony;?sarcasm28.?It?is?incredible?that?mere?ignorance?should?have?achieved?such?masterpie ces?of?horror.?---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature thatwould forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor 3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds andpens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figuresand larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known asa child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for theabsolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。

Lesson11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simi le4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人)5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as thewinds snapped them. -----simile8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurri cane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferr ed epithet移就9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown downpower lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a dereli ct building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, andthen they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard andnobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like c louds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long colum n, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up theroad, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners all men and boys, no womenthreaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at light ning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then moreinfantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symb olism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —-- elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —- synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and spar kles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor2. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all atonce there was a focus. ----metaphor3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor4. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side issimply not a concern.--—metaphor5. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor6. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probabl y try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽7. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived sideby side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile8. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or therecesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile9. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy10. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile11. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration12. When orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vi vidness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphor Lesson 41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back ofthe tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do foryou; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—a lliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shallpay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis11. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of pove rty. ---repetition12. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor13. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis14.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends toremain the master of its own house. -----metaphor15. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavorwill light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor16. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor17.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson51. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate thatlogic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—-metaphor; hyperbole2. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor3. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion (倒装)4. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales, as p enetrating as a scalpel.-----simile5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ----metaphor or -mixed-metaphor6.Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. ----simile7. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻8. "I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smold ered. ----metaphor10. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat downunder an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion11. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ---- allusion12. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me bythe throat. ----allusion13.The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonance (半)谐音14. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antit hesis15. What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody16."Your girl," I said, mincing no words. ----litotes (间接确定)17. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes or understatement18. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smol dered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor19. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ----metaphor21. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept ham mering away without let-up. ----metaphor22. Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her ey es. ----metaphor23. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pour ing in and all was bright. -----metaphor24.. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor25. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax (递进)26.Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis3. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet4. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)5.There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives6. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement7. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignityin the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still e ssentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-—ridicule （讽刺）8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)9. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor10.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)11. …, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye . ---- hyperbole12. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant pray er. ----irony; sarcasm13. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patc hes of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor14. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egglong past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor15. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant pray er.—irony16. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villag es of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专出名词指代一般名词) or allusion17. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisinglyinimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony18. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony19. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line.----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专出名词指代一般名词) or allusion24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egglong past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisinglyinimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in,and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpiece s of horror. ---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and allspontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of thedeliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typicalAmerican adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do thingsbetter.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking foran overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor 9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor 11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe canbe very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。

Lesson11.?Wind?and?rain?now?wiped?the?house.?----metaphor(暗喻)2.?The?children?went?from?adult?to?adult?like?buckets?in?a?fire?brigade.?----si mile?(明喻)3.?The?wind?sounded?like?the?roar?of?a?train?passing?a?few?yards?away.?-----simile4.?…it?seized?a?600,00?gallon?Gulfport?oil?tank?and?dumped?it?3.5?miles?aw ay.?----personification(拟人)5.?We?can?batten?down?and?ride?it?out.?-----metaphor6.?Everybody?out?the?back?door?to?the?cars!—ellipsis?(省略)7.?Telephone?poles?and?20-inch-thick?pines?cracked?like?guns?as?the? winds?snapped?them.?-----simile8.?Several?vacationers?at?the?luxurious?Richelieu?Apartments?there?held?a?hur ricane?party?to?watch?the?storm?from?their?spectacular?vantage?point-----transf erred?epithet移就9.?Strips?of?clothing?festooned?the?standing?trees,?and?blown?down? power?lines?coiled?like?black?spaghetti?over?the?roads----metaphor;?simile Lesson21.?The?burying-ground?is?merely?a?huge?waste?of?hummocky?earth,?like?a?de relict?building-lot.?-----simile2.?They?rise?out?of?the?earth,?they?sweat?and?starve?for?a?few?years,?and? then?they?sink?back?into?the?nameless?mounds?of?the?graveyard?and?nobody?notices?that?they?are?gone.?-----alliteration押头韵3.?...?and?sore-eyed?children?cluster?everywhere?in?unbelievable?numbers,?like ?clouds?of?flies.?----simile4.?And?really?it?was?almost?like?watching?a?flock?of?cattle?to?see?the?long?c olumn,?a?mile?or?two?miles?of?armed?men,?flowing?peacefully?up?the? road,?while?the?great?white?birds?drifted?over?them?in?the?opposite? direction,?glittering?like?scraps?of?paper.?-----?simile5.?The?little?crowd?of?mourners?all?men?and?boys,?no?womenthreaded?their?way?across?the?market?place?between?the?piles?of? pomegranates?and?the?taxis?and?the?camels,?wailing?a?short?chant?over?and?o ver?again.--—elliptical?sentence6.?A?carpenter?sits?cross-legged?at?a?prehistoric?lathe,?turning?chair-legs?at?li ghtning?speed.—-?hyperbole7.?Instantly,?from?the?dark?holes?all?round,?there?was?a?frenzied?rush?of? Jews,?many?of?them?old?grandfathers?with?flowing?grey?beards,?all? clamoring?for?a?cigarette.?-----transferred?epithet?8.?Still,?a?white?skin?is?always?fairly?conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9.?As?the?storks?flew?northward?the?Negroes?were?marching?southwarda?long,?dusty?column,?infantry,?screw-gun?batteries,?and?then?more? infantry,?four?or?five?thousand?men?in?all,?winding?up?the?road?with?a? clumping?of?boots?and?a?clatter?of?iron?wheels.—---onomatopoetic?words?sy mbolism10.?Not?hostile,?not?contemptuous,?not?sullen,?not?even?inquisitive.?—--elliptical?sentence11.?This?wretched?boy,?who?is?a?French?citizen?and?has?therefore?been? dragged?from?the?forest?to?scrub?floors?and?catch?syphilis?in?garrison? towns,?actually?has?feelings?of?reverence?before?a?white?skin.?—- synecdoche提喻Lesson31.?…?and?no?one?has?any?idea?where?it?will?go?as?it?meanders?or?leaps?and ?sparkles?or?just?glows.?---mixed-metaphor?or?metaphor2.?…?that?suddenly?the?alchemy?of?conversation?took?place,?and?all?at? once?there?was?a?focus.?----metaphor3.?The?glow?of?the?conversation?burst?into?flames.?----metaphor4.?We?had?traveled?in?five?minutes?to?Australia.?-----metaphorThe?fact?that?their?marriages?may?be?on?the?rocks,?or?that?their?love?affairs? have?been?broken?or?even?that?they?got?out?of?bed?on?the?wrong?side?is? simply?not?a?concern.--—metaphor5.?The?conversation?was?on?wings.?----metaphor6.?The?bother?about?teaching?chimpanzees?how?to?talk?is?that?they?will?prob ably?try?to?talk?sense?and?so?ruin?all?conversation.?-----sarcasm反讽7.?They?are?like?the?musketeers?of?Dumas?who,?although?they?lived?side? by?side?with?each?other,?did?not?delve?into?each?other's?lives?or?the? recesses?of?their?thoughts?and?feelings.?-----simile8.?They?are?like?the?musketeers?of?Dumas?who,?although?they?lived?side?by? side?with?each?other,?did?not?delve?into,?each?other’s?lives?or?the?recesses?of?their?thoughts?and?feelings.—-simile9.?Is?the?phrase?in?Shakespeare??----metonymy10.?The?Elizabethans?blew?on?it?as?on?a?dandelion?clock,?and?its?seeds? multiplied,?and?floated?to?the?ends?of?the?earth.—simile11.?Even?with?the?most?educated?and?the?most?literate,?the?King’s?English?sl ips?and?slides?in?conversation.—alliteration12.?When?E.M.F?orster?writes?of?“the?sinister?corridor?of?our?age,”?we?sit?u p?at?the?vividness?of?the?phrase,?the?force?and?even?terror?in?the?image.—--metaphorLesson 41.?United,?there?is?little?we?cannot?do?in?a?host?of?co-operative?ventures.? Divided,?there?is?little?we?can?do,?for?we?dare?not?meet?a?power?full? challenge?at?odds?and?split?asunder.—antithesis2.…in?the?past,?those?who?foolishly?sought?power?by?riding?the?back?of? the?tiger?ended?up?inside.—metaphor3.?Let?us?never?negotiate?out?of?fear,?but?let?us?never?fear?to?negotiate.—regression?(回环:A-B-C)4.?All?this?will?not?be?finished?in?the?first?one?hundred?days.—allusion?引典;?climax递进5.?And?so,?my?fellow?Americans?ask?not?what?your?country?can?do?for? you;?ask?what?you?can?do?for?your?country.—antithesis,?regression回环6?We?observe?today?not?a?victory?of?party?but?a?celebration?of?freedom,?symbolizing?an?end?as?well?as?a?beginning,?signifying?renewal?as?well?as?ch ange.?----parallelism7.?Let?the?word?go?forth?from?this?time?and?place,?to?friend?and?foe?alike….—alliteration8.?Let?every?nation?know,?whether?it?wishes?us?well?or?i11,?that?we?shall? pay?any?price,?bear?any?burden,?meet?any?hardship,?support?any?friend,? oppose?any?foe?to?assure?the?survival?and?the?success?of?liberty.?----–parallelism;?alliteration9.?United,?there?is?little?we?cannot?do?in?a?host?of?co-operative?ventures.? Divided,?there?is?little?we?can?do,?for?we?dare?not?meet?a?powerful?challeng e?at?odds?and?split?asunder.?----antithesis对句10.?If?a?free?society?cannot?help?the?many?who?are?poor,?it?cannot?save?the? few?who?are?rich.?-----antithesis11.?…?to?assist?free?men?and?free?governments?in?casting?off?the?chains?of? poverty.?---repetition?12.?And?if?a?beachhead?of?co-operation?may?push?back?the?jungle?of? suspicion…-----metaphor13.?Let?both?sides?explore?what?problems?unite?us?instead?of?belaboring? those?problems?which?divide?us.?-----antithesis14.And?let?every?other?power?know?that?this?hemisphere?intends?to? remain?the?master?of?its?own?house.?-----metaphor15.?The?energy,?the?faith,?the?devotion?which?we?bring?to?this?endeavor?will?light?our?country?and?all?who?serve?it,?and?the?glow?from?that?fire?can? truly?light?the?world.?-----extended?metaphor16.?…to?strengthen?its?shield?of?the?new?and?the?weak…?----metaphor17.With?a?good?conscience?our?only?sure?reward,?with?history?the?final? judge?of?our?deeds…?-----parallelismLesson51.?Read,?then,?the?following?essay?which?undertakes?to?demonstrate?that? logic,?far?from?being?a?dry,?pedantic?discipline,?is?a?living,?breathing?thing,?f ull?of?beauty,?passion,?and?trauma.—-metaphor;?hyperbole2.?Charles?Lamb,?as?merry?and?enterprising?a?fellow?as?you?will?meet?in?a? month?of?Sundays,?unfettered?the?informal?essay?with?his?memorable?Old?Ch ina?and?Dream’s?Children.—metaphor3.?Cool?was?I?and?logical.?----inversion?(倒装)4.?My?brain?was?as?powerful?as?a?dynamo,?as?precise?as?a?chemist's?scales,? as?penetrating?as?a?scalpel.-----simile5.?My?brain,?that?precision?instrument,?slipped?into?high?gear.?---- metaphor?or?-mixed-metaphor6.Same?age,?same?background,?but?dumb?as?an?ox.?----simile7.?I?was?not?one?to?let?my?heart?rule?my?head.?----metonymy转喻8.?"I?may?do?better?than?that,"?I?said?with?a?mysterious?wink??and?closed?m y?bag?and?left.?----transferred?epithet9.?Maybe?somewhere?in?the?extinct?crater?of?her?mind,?a?few?embers?still?s moldered.?----metaphor10.?We?went?to?the?Knoll,?the?campus?trysting?place,?and?we?sat?down? under?an?old?oak,?and?she?looked?at?me?expectantly.?-----allusion11.?Just?as?Pygmalion?loved?the?perfect?woman?he?had?fashioned,?---- allusion12. I?was?not?Pygmalion;?I?was?Frankenstein,?and?my?monster?had?me?by? the?throat.?----allusion13.The?time?had?come?to?change?our?relationship?from?academic?to? romantic.?----assonance?(半)谐音14.?Back?and?forth?his?head?swiveled,?desire?waxing,?resolution?waning.—ant ithesis15.?What’s?Polly?to?me,?or?me?to?Polly?—parody16."Your?girl,"?I?said,?mincing?no?words.?----litotes?(间接肯定)17.?This?loomed?as?a?project?of?no?small?dimensions…?-----litotes?or? understatement18.?Maybe?somewhere?in?the?extinct?crater?of?her?mind,?a?few?embers?still?s moldered.?Maybe?somehow?I?could?fan?them?into?flame.—-metaphor?or?exte nded?metaphor19.?There?is?a?limit?to?what?flesh?and?blood?can?bear.?----synecdoche?20.He?has?hamstrung?his?opponent?before?he?could?even?start.?---- metaphor21.?Over?and?over?and?over?again?I?cited?instances?pointed?out?flaws,?kept?h ammering?away?without?let-up.?----metaphor22.?Suddenly,?a?g1immer?of?intelligence—the?first?I?had?seen--came?into?her ?eyes.?----metaphor23.?I?saw?a?chink?of?light.?And?then?the?chink?got?bigger?and?the?sun?came ?pouring?in?and?all?was?bright.?-----metaphor24..?You?are?the?whole?world?to?me,?and?the?moon?and?the?stars?and?the? constellations?of?outer?space.?-----hyperbole;?metaphor25.?He's?a?liar.?He's?a?cheat.?He's?a?rat.?----climax?(递进)26.Look?at?me--a?brilliant?student,?a?tremendous?intellectual,?a?man?with? an?assured?future.?Look?at?Petey--a?knot-head,?a?jitterbug,?a?guy?who'll? never?know?where?his?next?meal?is?coming?from.?-----antithesis对句Lesson71.?Here?was?the?very?heart?of?industrial?America,?the?center?of?its?most? lucrative?and?characteristic?activity,?the?boast?and?pride?of?the?richest?and? grandest?nation?ever?seen?on?earth—and?here?was?a?scene?so?dreadfully? hideous,?so?intolerably?bleak?and?forlorn?that?it?reduced?the?whole? aspiration?of?man?to?a?macabre?and?depressing?joke.—metaphor;? hyperbole;?parallelism;?antithesis2.?Here?was?wealth?beyond?computation,?almost?beyond?imaginationand?here?were?human?habitations?so?abominable?that?they?would?have? disgraced?a?race?of?alley?cats.—hyperbole;?antithesis3.?What?I?allude?to?is?the?unbroken?and?agonizing?ugliness,?the?sheer? revolting?monstrousness,?of?every?house?in?sight.?----transferred?epithet4.?…,?there?was?not?one?in?sight?from?the?train?that?did?not?insult?and?lacerate?the?eye.?----hyperbole;?double?negatives?(双否)5.There?was?not?a?single?decent?house?within?eye?range?from?the? Pittsburgh?suburbs?to?the?Greensburg?yards，and?there?was?not?one?that?was?not?misshapen,?and?there?was?not?one?that? was?not?shabby.?----hyperbole;?repetition;?double?negatives6.?The?country?itself?is?not?uncomely,?despite?the?grime?of?the?endless? mills.—litotes?or?understatement7.?Obviously,?if?their?were?architects?of?any?professional?sense?or?dignity? in?the?region,?they?would?have?perfected?a?chalet?to?hug?the?hillsides—a? chalet?with?a?high-pitched?roof,?to?throw?off?the?heavy?winter?snows,?but?sti ll?essentially?a?low?and?clinging?building,?wider?than?it?was?tall.-—? ridicule?（讽刺）8.?This?they?have?converted?into?a?thing?of?dingy?clapboards,?with?a? narrow,?low-pitched?roof.?----inversion?(倒装)9.?On?their?deep?sides?they?are?three,?four?and?even?five?stories?high;?on? their?low?sides?they?bury?themselves?swinishly?in?the?mud.?----metaphor10.But?what?brick!?-----ellipsis?(省略)11.?…,?and?so?they?have?the?most?loathsome??towns?and?villages?ever?seen? by?mortal?eye?.?----?hyperbole12.?I?award?this?championship?only?after?laborious?research?and?incessant?pr ayer.?----irony;?sarcasm13.?And?one?and?all?they?are?streaked?in?grime,?with?dead?and?eczematous?p atches?of?paint?peeping?through?the?streaks.—metaphor14.?When?it?has?taken?on?the?patina?of?the?mills?it?is?the?color?of?an?egg? long?past?all?hope?or?caring.—ridicule,?irony,?metaphor15.?I?award?this?championship?only?after?laborious?research?and?incessant?pr ayer.—irony16.?Safe?in?a?Pullman,?I?have?whirled?through?the?gloomy,?God-forsaken?vill ages?of?Iowa?and?Lansas,?and?the?malarious?tidewater?hamlets?of? Georgia.—antonomasia?(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)?or?allusion17.?It?is?as?if?some?titanic?and?aberrant?genius,?uncompromisingly? inimical?to?man,?had?devoted?all?the?ingenuity?of?Hell?to?the?making?of? them.—hyperbole,?irony18.?They?like?it?as?it?is:?beside?it,?the?Parthenon?would?no?doubt?offend? them.—irony19.?It?is?that?of?a?Presbyterian?grinning.—metaphor20.A?few?linger?in?memory,?horrible?even?there:?a?crazy?little?church?just?w est?of?Jeannette?----personification21?…set?like?a?dormer-window?on?the?side?of?a?bare,?leprous?hill…-----?metaphor22.??a?steel?stadium?like?a?huge?rattrap?somewhere?further?down?the?line.? ----simile23.?They?like?it?as?it?is:?beside?it,?the?Parthenon?would?no?doubt?offend? them.?----?antonomasia?(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)?or?allusion24.?When?it?has?taken?on?the?patina?of?the?mills?it?is?the?color?of?an?egg? long?past?all?hope?or?caring.?----metaphor25.?It?is?as?if?some?titanic?and?aberrant?genius,?uncompromisingly? inimical?to?man,?had?devoted?all?the?ingenuity?of?Hell?to?the?making?of? them.?----hyperbole;?irony26.?Such?ghastly?designs,?it?must?be?obvious,?give?a?genuine?delight?to?a? certain?type?of?mind.?----synecdoche?(提喻)27.?Thus?I?suspect?(though?confessedly?without?knowing)?that?the?vast? majority?of?the?honest?folk?of?Westmoreland?county,?and?especially?the? 100%?Americans?among?them,?actually?admire?the?houses?they?live?in,? and?are?proud?of?them.?-----irony;?sarcasm28.?It?is?incredible?that?mere?ignorance?should?have?achieved?such?masterpie ces?of?horror.?---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,theflask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature thatwould forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor 3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do thingsbetter.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies ofdollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential newself-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one setof chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known asa child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,frommy”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。

Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1。

Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides （Para. 18）2。

Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas （Para。

3）—-descendants of convicts (Para。

7)——Saxon churls （Para。

8)-—Norman conquerors (Para。

8）3。

ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own。

（Para. 3）4。

Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows。

(Para。

2)2。

They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para。

3）3。

Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para。

4）4。

The glow of the conversation burst into flames. （Para. 6）5. The conversation was on wings。

（Para. 8）6。

We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. （Para. 11）7。

The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock，and its seeds multiplied，and floated to the ends of the earth。

高级英语2修辞总结归纳Lessonl1 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelie u Apartments there held a hurricaneparty to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiledlike black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor, simileLesson21 The little crowd of mourners —all men and boys, no women——threaded their wayacross the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.——elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sitscross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—— historical present , transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.——syncdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward——a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, adnthen more infantry, four or five thousandmen in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.——onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.——ellipticalsentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile ortwo miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birdsdrifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.——simileLesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs havebeen broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.——metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side witheach other, did not delve into, each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughtsand feelings.——simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening, as the conversation moved desultorilyhere and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focusand with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, andall at once the r was a focus.—— metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, andfloated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King's English slips andslides in conversation.——metaphor, alliteration6 When E. M. Fo rster writes of“the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.——metaphorLesson41 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that thetorch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, temperedby war, disciplined by ahard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.——alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.——parataxis consonance5 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.——regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.——historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.———contrast,windingLesson71 Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth —— and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a mac abre and depressing joke.——metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast2 Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination ——and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—— hyperbole, antithetical contrast3 The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—— litotes,understatement4 Obviously, if the r were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides ——a chalet with a highpitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.—— sarcasm5 And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.——metaphor6 When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long pastall hope or caring.——ridicule , irony, metaphor7 I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.——irony10 They like it as it is:beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.——irony 11 It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.——metaphor 3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.——antithesis 4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.——metaphor8 Safe in a Pullman, Ihave whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.——antonomasia9 It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, haddevoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.——hyperbole, ironyLesson 91. Their high calls rising like the swallows' crossing flights over the music and the singing (Para1). Simile2. The faces of small children are amiable sticky; in the benign grey beard of a man a coupltof crumbs of rich pastry are entangled. Para 4. Transferred epithet.3. The crowds along the racecourse are like a field of grass and flowers in the wind. Para 6.Simile4. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls, between old mossgrowngardens and under avenues of trees, past great parks and public buildings, processions.——periodic sentence5. The air of morning was so clear that the snow stil crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned withwhite-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air, under the dark blue of the sky.——metaphor6. In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music wind ing through thecity streets, farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the airthat from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyousclanging of the bells.—— periodic sentence7. Some of them understand why, and some do not, but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city, the tenderness of their friendships, the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars, the skill of their makers, even the abundance of their harvestand the kindly weathers of their skies, depend wholly on this child’ s abominable misery.—parallelism/parallel structure8. Indeed, after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes, and its own excrement to sit in.——parallelism/parallel structure。

Lesson 91.Their high calls rising like the swallows' crossing flights over the music and the singing (Para 1) . Simile2.If you can't lick'em, join'em (Para 3). aphorism 格言If you can beat evil then become evil yourself.3.The faces of small children are amiable sticky; in the benign grey beard of a man a couplt of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled. Para4. Transferred epithet.4.The crowds along the racecourse are like a field of grass and flowers in the wind. Para 6. Simile5. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old mossgrown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence6. The air of morning was so clear that the snow stil crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor7. In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence8. Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallelism/parallel structure9. Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallelism/parallel structureLesson101. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciating of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting‖sheik‖,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.para 1—transferred epithet ; parallelism2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans. Para 2—metaphor3. War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.para 3—metaphor4. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society. para 3—metaphor; metonomy(shooting refers to the war)5. The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6. Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had‖made the world safe for democracy‖. Para 5—metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and‖Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation. Para 7—metonymy8.Soon they found their imitators among the non-intellectuals. As it became more and more fashionable throughout the country for young persons to defy the law and the conventions and to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of "flamingyouth", it was Greenwich Village that fanned the flames. Para 8---metaphor;metonymy9.The strife of 1861 --1865 had popularly become, in motion picture and story, a magnolia-scented soap opera, while the one hundred-days' fracas with Spain in 1898 had dissolved into a one-sided victory at Manila and a cinematic charge up San Juan Hill. Para 5. Transferred epithet10.Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a good taste of twentieth- century warfare. Para 6. Metaphor\irony9. Y ounger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. Para 8—metaphor10. These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—Para 6 personification,metonymy ,metaphorLesson111.No doubt there are in England some snarling shop stewards who demand ....(Para 2, alliteration.2.1. This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor3. But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor4. Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.Para 2—metaphor5. (Para. 5) But it is worth noting along the way that while America has shown us too many desperately worried executives dropping into early graves, too many exhausted salesmen taking refuge in bars....(euphemism)6. (Para 5)Now Englishness, with its relation to the unconscious, its dependence upon instinct and intuition, cann't break its links with the past: it has deep longroots.(metaphor)7. A further necessay demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor8. It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass,which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness,ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification9. Against this,at least superficially,Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.Para. 4—metaphor10. (Paragraph 6)It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor11. But something like it is being said, thought or felt, in the very places where there is the most money, the most boredom, the most trouble and 'industrial action,' and indeed the most Admass.(Para 8.) Euphemism12. As it it they are like a hippopotamus blundering in and out of a pets' tea party. (Para 8.) simile13. They have fallen between two stools.(Para 11) metaphor14 But it need reinforcement,extra nourishment, especially now when our public life seems ready to starve. (Para 14) metaphor15. Politicians are making such appeals, whereas statesmen, when they can be found, prefer to take themselves and their hearers out of the stock exchanges' meetings counting-houses.(Para 15). metaphor16. Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor17. Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other et pretend to be astounded andshocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor18. Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor19.Para 15 And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymy20.. Para 14 ...who seem to regard politics as a game...let us say...(simile)Lesson121.I proved, to my astonishment, to be as American as any Texaas G. I.(Para. 3) Allusion典故2.Even the most incorrigible maverick has to be born somewhere. He may leave...the marks of which he carries with him everywhere.(Para. 22) Allusion3. When it did,I like many a writer befor me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown and was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.Para 6—metaphor4. re,in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.Para 6—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my‖place‖—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4. It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persisten—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.(Para. 29)—metaphor7.Though we do not wholly believe it yet, the interior life is a real life, and the intangible dreams of people have a tangible effect on the world. (Para. 29). Antithesis8.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New, it is the writer, not the statesman, who is our strongest arm. (Para. 29) Metonomy9.I t is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and for himself beneath the open sky. (Para. 16) simileLesson131.The Sixth commandment not withstanding. (Para 8) Allusion.2.Dictum格言E.g. 1)...of the ancient law, "Eat or be eaten" (Para. 10)2) far better hang this man than "give him life"(Para. 23)3.EuphemismE.g. 1) The uncontrollable brute whom i want put out of the way is not to bepunished for his misdeeds. (Para. 6)2) And again, do we hear any protest against the police...that misses theartist and hits the bystander? (Para. 9)4.Metaphor1) The illicit jump we find here, on the threshold of the inquiry,,,(Para 4)2) How many women are still haunted by the specter of a n experience they havenever disclosed to another living soul？(Para 13)5.ParadoxAs if a model prisoner were not, first, a contradiction in terms, and second, an examplar of what a free society should not want.6.Rhetorical question1) But whi kill? (Para 7)2) How can i oppose abolition? (Para. 7)7. Sarcasm1) The propaganda for abolition speaks in hushed tones of the sanctity of humanlife, as if ...should silence all opponents who have any moral sense. (Para. 8)2) We may be sure form the experience of two ...that they will bless our arms andpray for victory when called upon...(Para 8)8. He is to be killed for the protection of others, like the wolf that escaped not longago in a Connecticut suburb. (para. 6) Simile9. Synecdoche1) The inquiring mind also wants to know, why the sanctity of human lifealone?(Para. 10）2）How many women are still haunted by the specter of an experience they have never disclosed to another living soul? (Para. 13)10. Transferred epithet1) The letter, sad and reproachful...(Para. 1)2)...the movement for abolition is widespread and articulate (Para. 2)11.MetonymyUnder such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New Y ork that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon同源词并列2. Transferred epithet1)The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.Para. 123.Alliteration...while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and....(Para. 3)4.New Y ork was never Mecca to me. (Para. 7) metonomy; allusion5.5. Irony:6.So what else is new? (Para. 16) rhetorical question7.MetonymyTin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood. (Para. 3)8)Personification1) Nature constantly yields to man in New Y ork: ...sidewalk trees gamely struggling against...(Para. 8)2) New Y ork is a wounded city,... By its tax burdens. (Para. 15)9)Antithesis1) to win in New York is to be uneasy; t o lose is to live in jostling proximity to the frustrated majority. (Para. 3）2) The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates. (Para. 22) alliteration 10)EuphemismThe defeated are not hidden away ....on the wrong side of town. (Para. 18)11.Metaphor1) Characteristically, the city swallows up the UN...(Para. 20)2) So much of well-to-do America now lives...in enclaves...the world. (Para.16)。

Simile1.They are like the musketeers of Dumas … their thoughts and feelings.2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion…ends of the earth.3.…like clouds of flies。

4.Everything is done… like inverted capital Ls…5.And really it was like watching a …armed men，flowing peacefully up the road，while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,gl ittering like scraps of paper。

6.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales，as penetrating as a scalpel.7.Same age,… but dumb as an ox.8.Peter lay … coat huddled like a great hairy…9.It was like digging a tunnel。

10.I leaped to my feet，bellowing like a bull。

11.Grandmother Macleod，her delicately featured face as rigid as acameo…12.… the fragrant globes hanging like miniature scarlet lanterns on the thinhairy stems.13.At night the lake was like black glass…14.The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder…metaphor 1.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simpl y not a concern.2.…did not delve intoeach other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and f eeling.3.It was on such … suddenly the alchemy of conversation … was a focus。

Lesson11.?Wind?and?rain?now?wiped?the?house.?----metaphor(暗喻)2.?The?children?went?from?adult?to?adult?like?buckets?in?a?fire?brigade.?----s imile?(明喻)3.?The?wind?sounded?like?the?roar?of?a?train?passing?a?few?yards?away.?-----si mile4.?…it?seized?a?600,00?gallon?Gulfport?oil?tank?and?dumped?it?3.5?miles?away. ?----personification(拟人)5.?We?can?batten?down?and?ride?it?out.?-----metaphor6.?Everybody?out?the?back?door?to?the?cars!—ellipsis?(省略)7.?Telephone?poles?and?20-inch-thick?pines?cracked?like?guns?as?the?winds?snapped?them.?-----simile8.?Several?vacationers?at?the?luxurious?Richelieu?Apartments?there?held?a?hurr icane?party?to?watch?the?storm?from?their?spectacular?vantage?point-----transf erred?epithet移就9.?Strips?of?clothing?festooned?the?standing?trees,?and?blown?down?power?lines?coiled?like?black?spaghetti?over?the?roads----metaphor;?simileLesson21.?The?burying-ground?is?merely?a?huge?waste?of?hummocky?earth,?like?a?derelic t?building-lot.?-----simile2.?They?rise?out?of?the?earth,?they?sweat?and?starve?for?a?few?years,?and? then?they?sink?back?into?the?nameless?mounds?of?the?graveyard?and?nobody?notices?that?they?are?gone.?-----alliteration押头韵3.?...?and?sore-eyed?children?cluster?everywhere?in?unbelievable?numbers,?like ?clouds?of?flies.?----simile4.?And?really?it?was?almost?like?watching?a?flock?of?cattle?to?see?the?long?co lumn,?a?mile?or?two?miles?of?armed?men,?flowing?peacefully?up?the?road,?while?the?great?white?birds?drifted?over?them?in?the?opposite? direction,?glittering?like?scraps?of?paper.?-----?simile5.?The?little?crowd?of?mourners?all?men?and?boys,?no?womenthreaded?their?way?across?the?market?place?between?the?piles?of? pomegranates?and?the?taxis?and?the?camels,?wailing?a?short?chant?over?and?over ?again.--—elliptical?sentence6.?A?carpenter?sits?cross-legged?at?a?prehistoric?lathe,?turning?chair-legs?at ?lightning?speed.—-?hyperbole7.?Instantly,?from?the?dark?holes?all?round,?there?was?a?frenzied?rush?of? Jews,?many?of?them?old?grandfathers?with?flowing?grey?beards,?all?clamoring?for?a?cigarette.?-----transferred?epithet?8.?Still,?a?white?skin?is?always?fairly?conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9.?As?the?storks?flew?northward?the?Negroes?were?marching?southwarda?long,?dusty?column,?infantry,?screw-gun?batteries,?and?then?more? infantry,?four?or?five?thousand?men?in?all,?winding?up?the?road?with?a? clumping?of?boots?and?a?clatter?of?iron?wheels.—---onomatopoetic?words?symbol ism10.?Not?hostile,?not?contemptuous,?not?sullen,?not?even?inquisitive.?—--elliptical?sentence11.?This?wretched?boy,?who?is?a?French?citizen?and?has?therefore?been? dragged?from?the?forest?to?scrub?floors?and?catch?syphilis?in?garrison? towns,?actually?has?feelings?of?reverence?before?a?white?skin.?—-synecdoche提喻Lesson31.?…?and?no?one?has?any?idea?where?it?will?go?as?it?meanders?or?leaps?and?spa rkles?or?just?glows.?---mixed-metaphor?or?metaphor2.?…?that?suddenly?the?alchemy?of?conversation?took?place,?and?all?at? once?there?was?a?focus.?----metaphor3.?The?glow?of?the?conversation?burst?into?flames.?----metaphor4.?We?had?traveled?in?five?minutes?to?Australia.?-----metaphorThe?fact?that?their?marriages?may?be?on?the?rocks,?or?that?their?love?affairs? have?been?broken?or?even?that?they?got?out?of?bed?on?the?wrong?side?is? simply?not?a?concern.--—metaphor5.?The?conversation?was?on?wings.?----metaphor6.?The?bother?about?teaching?chimpanzees?how?to?talk?is?that?they?will?probabl y?try?to?talk?sense?and?so?ruin?all?conversation.?-----sarcasm反讽7.?They?are?like?the?musketeers?of?Dumas?who,?although?they?lived?side?by?side?with?each?other,?did?not?delve?into?each?other's?lives?or?the?recesses?of?their?thoughts?and?feelings.?-----simile8.?They?are?like?the?musketeers?of?Dumas?who,?although?they?lived?side?by?side ?with?each?other,?did?not?delve?into,?each?other’s?lives?or?the?recesses?of?their?thoughts?and?feelings.—-simile9.?Is?the?phrase?in?Shakespeare??----metonymy10.?The?Elizabethans?blew?on?it?as?on?a?dandelion?clock,?and?its?seeds? multiplied,?and?floated?to?the?ends?of?the?earth.—simile11.?Even?with?the?most?educated?and?the?most?literate,?the?King’s?English?sli ps?and?slides?in?conversation.—alliteration12.?When?E.M.F?orster?writes?of?“the?sinister?corridor?of?our?age,”?we?sit?u p?at?the?vividness?of?the?phrase,?the?force?and?even?terror?in?the?image.—--m etaphorLesson 41.?United,?there?is?little?we?cannot?do?in?a?host?of?co-operative?ventures.? Divided,?there?is?little?we?can?do,?for?we?dare?not?meet?a?power?full? challenge?at?odds?and?split?asunder.—antithesis2.…in?the?past,?those?who?foolishly?sought?power?by?riding?the?back?of?the?tiger?ended?up?inside.—metaphor3.?Let?us?never?negotiate?out?of?fear,?but?let?us?never?fear?to?negotiate.—regression?(回环:A-B-C)4.?All?this?will?not?be?finished?in?the?first?one?hundred?days.—allusion?引典;?climax递进5.?And?so,?my?fellow?Americans?ask?not?what?your?country?can?do?for?you;?ask?what?you?can?do?for?your?country.—antithesis,?regression回环6?We?observe?today?not?a?victory?of?party?but?a?celebration?of?freedom,? symbolizing?an?end?as?well?as?a?beginning,?signifying?renewal?as?well?as?change.?----parallelism7.?Let?the?word?go?forth?from?this?time?and?place,?to?friend?and?foe?alike….—alliteration8.?Let?every?nation?know,?whether?it?wishes?us?well?or?i11,?that?we?shall? pay?any?price,?bear?any?burden,?meet?any?hardship,?support?any?friend,? oppose?any?foe?to?assure?the?survival?and?the?success?of?liberty.?----–parallelism;?alliteration9.?United,?there?is?little?we?cannot?do?in?a?host?of?co-operative?ventures.? Divided,?there?is?little?we?can?do,?for?we?dare?not?meet?a?powerful?challenge? at?odds?and?split?asunder.?----antithesis对句10.?If?a?free?society?cannot?help?the?many?who?are?poor,?it?cannot?save?the?fe w?who?are?rich.?-----antithesis11.?…?to?assist?free?men?and?free?governments?in?casting?off?the?chains?of?po verty.?---repetition?12.?And?if?a?beachhead?of?co-operation?may?push?back?the?jungle?of? suspicion…-----metaphor13.?Let?both?sides?explore?what?problems?unite?us?instead?of?belaboring? those?problems?which?divide?us.?-----antithesis14.And?let?every?other?power?know?that?this?hemisphere?intends?to?remain?the?master?of?its?own?house.?-----metaphor15.?The?energy,?the?faith,?the?devotion?which?we?bring?to?this?endeavor?will?light?our?country?and?all?who?serve?it,?and?the?glow?from?that?fire?can?t ruly?light?the?world.?-----extended?metaphor16.?…to?strengthen?its?shield?of?the?new?and?the?weak…?----metaphor17.With?a?good?conscience?our?only?sure?reward,?with?history?the?final? judge?of?our?deeds…?-----parallelismLesson51.?Read,?then,?the?following?essay?which?undertakes?to?demonstrate?that? logic,?far?from?being?a?dry,?pedantic?discipline,?is?a?living,?breathing?thing ,?full?of?beauty,?passion,?and?trauma.—-metaphor;?hyperbole2.?Charles?Lamb,?as?merry?and?enterprising?a?fellow?as?you?will?meet?in?a?mont h?of?Sundays,?unfettered?the?informal?essay?with?his?memorable?Old?China?and?D ream’s?Children.—metaphor3.?Cool?was?I?and?logical.?----inversion?(倒装)4.?My?brain?was?as?powerful?as?a?dynamo,?as?precise?as?a?chemist's?scales,?as? penetrating?as?a?scalpel.-----simile5.?My?brain,?that?precision?instrument,?slipped?into?high?gear.?----metaphor?or?-mixed-metaphor6.Same?age,?same?background,?but?dumb?as?an?ox.?----simile7.?I?was?not?one?to?let?my?heart?rule?my?head.?----metonymy转喻8.?"I?may?do?better?than?that,"?I?said?with?a?mysterious?wink??and?closed?my?b ag?and?left.?----transferred?epithet9.?Maybe?somewhere?in?the?extinct?crater?of?her?mind,?a?few?embers?still?smold ered.?----metaphor10.?We?went?to?the?Knoll,?the?campus?trysting?place,?and?we?sat?down?under?an?old?oak,?and?she?looked?at?me?expectantly.?-----allusion11.?Just?as?Pygmalion?loved?the?perfect?woman?he?had?fashioned,?----allusion12. I?was?not?Pygmalion;?I?was?Frankenstein,?and?my?monster?had?me?by?the?throat.?----allusion13.The?time?had?come?to?change?our?relationship?from?academic?to?romantic.?----assonance?(半)谐音14.?Back?and?forth?his?head?swiveled,?desire?waxing,?resolution?waning.—antit hesis15.?What’s?Polly?to?me,?or?me?to?Polly?—parody16."Your?girl,"?I?said,?mincing?no?words.?----litotes?(间接肯定)17.?This?loomed?as?a?project?of?no?small?dimensions…?-----litotes?or? understatement18.?Maybe?somewhere?in?the?extinct?crater?of?her?mind,?a?few?embers?still?smol dered.?Maybe?somehow?I?could?fan?them?into?flame.—-metaphor?or?extended?metap hor19.?There?is?a?limit?to?what?flesh?and?blood?can?bear.?----synecdoche?20.He?has?hamstrung?his?opponent?before?he?could?even?start.?----metaphor21.?Over?and?over?and?over?again?I?cited?instances?pointed?out?flaws,?kept?ham mering?away?without?let-up.?----metaphor22.?Suddenly,?a?g1immer?of?intelligence—the?first?I?had?seen--came?into?her?e yes.?----metaphor23.?I?saw?a?chink?of?light.?And?then?the?chink?got?bigger?and?the?sun?came?pou ring?in?and?all?was?bright.?-----metaphor24..?You?are?the?whole?world?to?me,?and?the?moon?and?the?stars?and?the? constellations?of?outer?space.?-----hyperbole;?metaphor25.?He's?a?liar.?He's?a?cheat.?He's?a?rat.?----climax?(递进)26.Look?at?me--a?brilliant?student,?a?tremendous?intellectual,?a?man?with? an?assured?future.?Look?at?Petey--a?knot-head,?a?jitterbug,?a?guy?who'll? never?know?where?his?next?meal?is?coming?from.?-----antithesis对句Lesson71.?Here?was?the?very?heart?of?industrial?America,?the?center?of?its?most? lucrative?and?characteristic?activity,?the?boast?and?pride?of?the?richest?and? grandest?nation?ever?seen?on?earth—and?here?was?a?scene?so?dreadfully? hideous,?so?intolerably?bleak?and?forlorn?that?it?reduced?the?whole? aspiration?of?man?to?a?macabre?and?depressing?joke.—metaphor;?hyperbole;?parallelism;?antithesis2.?Here?was?wealth?beyond?computation,?almost?beyond?imaginationand?here?were?human?habitations?so?abominable?that?they?would?have? disgraced?a?race?of?alley?cats.—hyperbole;?antithesis3.?What?I?allude?to?is?the?unbroken?and?agonizing?ugliness,?the?sheer? revolting?monstrousness,?of?every?house?in?sight.?----transferred?epithet4.?…,?there?was?not?one?in?sight?from?the?train?that?did?not?insult?and? lacerate?the?eye.?----hyperbole;?double?negatives?(双否)5.There?was?not?a?single?decent?house?within?eye?range?from?the?Pittsburgh?suburbs?to?the?Greensburg?yards，and?there?was?not?one?that?was?not?misshapen,?and?there?was?not?one?that?was?n ot?shabby.?----hyperbole;?repetition;?double?negatives6.?The?country?itself?is?not?uncomely,?despite?the?grime?of?the?endless? mills.—litotes?or?understatement7.?Obviously,?if?their?were?architects?of?any?professional?sense?or?dignity? in?the?region,?they?would?have?perfected?a?chalet?to?hug?the?hillsides—a? chalet?with?a?high-pitched?roof,?to?throw?off?the?heavy?winter?snows,?but?stil l?essentially?a?low?and?clinging?building,?wider?than?it?was?tall.-—? ridicule?（讽刺）8.?This?they?have?converted?into?a?thing?of?dingy?clapboards,?with?a? narrow,?low-pitched?roof.?----inversion?(倒装)9.?On?their?deep?sides?they?are?three,?four?and?even?five?stories?high;?on?their?low?sides?they?bury?themselves?swinishly?in?the?mud.?----metaphor10.But?what?brick!?-----ellipsis?(省略)11.?…,?and?so?they?have?the?most?loathsome??towns?and?villages?ever?seen?by?m ortal?eye?.?----?hyperbole12.?I?award?this?championship?only?after?laborious?research?and?incessant?pray er.?----irony;?sarcasm13.?And?one?and?all?they?are?streaked?in?grime,?with?dead?and?eczematous?patch es?of?paint?peeping?through?the?streaks.—metaphor14.?When?it?has?taken?on?the?patina?of?the?mills?it?is?the?color?of?an?egg? long?past?all?hope?or?caring.—ridicule,?irony,?metaphor15.?I?award?this?championship?only?after?laborious?research?and?incessant?pray er.—irony16.?Safe?in?a?Pullman,?I?have?whirled?through?the?gloomy,?God-forsaken?village s?of?Iowa?and?Lansas,?and?the?malarious?tidewater?hamlets?of? Georgia.—antonomasia?(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)?or?allusion17.?It?is?as?if?some?titanic?and?aberrant?genius,?uncompromisingly?inimical?to?man,?had?devoted?all?the?ingenuity?of?Hell?to?the?making?of?them.—hyperbole,?irony18.?They?like?it?as?it?is:?beside?it,?the?Parthenon?would?no?doubt?offend? them.—irony19.?It?is?that?of?a?Presbyterian?grinning.—metaphor20.A?few?linger?in?memory,?horrible?even?there:?a?crazy?little?church?just?wes t?of?Jeannette?----personification21?…set?like?a?dormer-window?on?the?side?of?a?bare,?leprous?hill…-----?metaphor22.??a?steel?stadium?like?a?huge?rattrap?somewhere?further?down?the?line.?----simile23.?They?like?it?as?it?is:?beside?it,?the?Parthenon?would?no?doubt?offend? them.?----?antonomasia?(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)?or?allusion24.?When?it?has?taken?on?the?patina?of?the?mills?it?is?the?color?of?an?egg? long?past?all?hope?or?caring.?----metaphor25.?It?is?as?if?some?titanic?and?aberrant?genius,?uncompromisingly?inimical?to?man,?had?devoted?all?the?ingenuity?of?Hell?to?the?making?of?them.?----hyperbole;?irony26.?Such?ghastly?designs,?it?must?be?obvious,?give?a?genuine?delight?to?a? certain?type?of?mind.?----synecdoche?(提喻)27.?Thus?I?suspect?(though?confessedly?without?knowing)?that?the?vast? majority?of?the?honest?folk?of?Westmoreland?county,?and?especially?the?100%?Americans?among?them,?actually?admire?the?houses?they?live?in,?and?are?proud?of?them.?-----irony;?sarcasm28.?It?is?incredible?that?mere?ignorance?should?have?achieved?such?masterpiece s?of?horror.?---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelism Lesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parkedsedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical Americanadventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor 9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind butto emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—afaint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor 9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props haveall been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolutionof capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。