2018年上海市中考模拟试卷二
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上海市长宁区2018年中考⼆模英语试卷(含详细答案)上海市长宁区2018年中考⼆模英语试卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)2018. 4考⽣注意:本卷有7⼤题,共94⼩题。
全部试题均采⽤连续编号。
请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上,做在试卷上⼀律不给分。
Part 1 Listening (第⼀部分听⼒)I. Listening comprehension (听⼒理解) (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图⽚) (6分)A B C DE F G H1.______2. ______3. ______4. ______5.______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案) (8分)7. A) In his schoolbag. B) In his pocket. C) In the desk. D) In the playground.8. A) To buy things. B) To travel around. C) To study. D) To go on business.9. A) Rainy. B) Cloudy. C) Windy. D) Sunny.10. A) 20 yuan. B) 60 yuan. C) 70 yuan. D) 80 yuan.11. A) Once. B) Twice. C) Three times. D) Four times.12. A) Teacher and student. B) Husband and wife. C) Doctor and patient. D) Manager and clerk.13. A) She isn’t very shy.B) She is quiet.C) She talks a lot. D) She is easy to communicate.14. A) The radio is broken. B) Some parts of the radio are missing.C) He will repair the radio. D) He will change the batteries.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句⼦是否符合你听到的短⽂内容,符合的⽤“T”表⽰,不符合的⽤“F”表⽰) (6分)15. The writer taught the kids how to read as a volunteer last summer.16. Mary often went to the nearest supermarket twice a week by bus.17. Although Mary didn’t know words, she could recognize items by sight.18. Mary felt confident because she managed to walk to the supermarket by herself.19. Mary could read bedtime stories to her youngest son at the end of the program.20. The writer learned more about teaching and helping others than Mary did.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences (听短⽂,完成下列内容,每空格限填⼀词) (10分)21. The reading club started _______ _______ and it has about 90 members now.22. Sometimes the members of the music club _______ _______ performances themselves.23. Trips or bicycle races are usually organized _______ _______ and last at least two hours.24. The aim of the environment protection club is to make our _______ _______.25. In environment protection club, students can _______ ______ on the farm not far from their school.Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary(第⼆部分语⾳、语法和词汇)II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案) (共20分)26. Which of the following words is pronounced as / pra?z/?A) praise B) prize C) price D) prison27. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?A) I felt my heart b ea ting fast. B) For br ea kfast I had a slice of bread.C) Health means w ea lth. D) Go ah ea d! Believe in yourself.28. His health condition got so bad recently that he decided to go on ______ diet right now.A) a B) an C) the D) /29. I remember that my cousin Peter came to see us ______ a very cold night last time.A) in B) on C) at D) with30. Ted, a friend of _______, is keen on taking an active part in sports regularly.A) my B) mine C) me D) myself31. Some traditional skills are disappearing because ______ young people are interested in them.A) few B) a few C) little D) a little32. Learning to do some teamwork with ______ is important in our daily life.A) another B) the other C) others D) the others33. Fifty percent of my monthly pocket money _______ spent on entertainment.A) have B) has C) is D) are34. ______ graduates will attend the 100th anniversary celebration of the university next month.A) Thousand B) Thousands C) Thousand of D) Thousands of35. Martin did n’t ea t up all the food he ordered, _______ he took the rest away.A) for B) or C) as D) so36. The waitress talked as ________ as she could to make the customers understand her.A) clear B) clearer C) clearly D) more clearly37. Children over 120 cm tall _______ pay the full entry price to the exhibition show.A) can B) may C) should D) must38. Nowadays a lot of young people are trying to do more things _______ the old.A) to serve B) serve C) serving D) served39. ______ amazing it is to see so many wild animals with our own eyes in Shanghai!A) How B) What C) What a D) What an40. The re’s s omething wrong with our new product. We ______ a lot of complaints so far.A) receive B) received C) will receive D) have received41. I don’t thi nk Julia saw me at the moment because she_______ with her friends on the Internet.A) is chatting B) was chatting C) has chatted D) would chat42. He offered to take me for a ride in his new car after he finished _______it.A) clean B) cleans C) cleaning D) to clean43. You will see a lot of ancient buildings there _______ you go to that famous small town.A) because B) though C) if D) since44. –Let’s go to Mr. Smith’s speech on western culture, shall we?– ______ We can attend his lecture next time.A) Why not? B) That’s all right.C) Never mind. D) I’m afraid it’s too late.45. – Students should be allowed to have mobile phones. They can contact their parents more conveniently.– ______ Actually they often use them to play games.A) I hope so. B) I don’t agree.C) No problem. D) Good idea.III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can be used only once (将下列单词或词组填⼊空格。
2018年上海市中考数学二模试卷一、选择题(每小题4分,共24分)1.(4分)(2018?上海)计算的结果是()A.B.C.D.32.(4分)(2018?上海)据统计,2013年上海市全社会用于环境保护的资金约为60 800 000 000元,这个数用科学记数法表示为()A.608×108B.60.8×109C.6.08×1010D.6.08×10113.(4分)(2018?上海)如果将抛物线y=x2向右平移1个单位,那么所得的抛物线的表达式是()A.y=x2﹣1 B.y=x2+1 C.y=(x﹣1)2D.y=(x+1)24.(4分)(2018?上海)如图,已知直线a、b被直线c所截,那么∠1的同位角是()A.∠2 B.∠3 C.∠4 D.∠55.(4分)(2018?上海)某事测得一周PM2.5的日均值(单位:)如下:50,40,75,50,37,50,40,这组数据的中位数和众数分别是()A.50和50 B.50和40 C.40和50 D.40和406.(4分)(2018?上海)如图,已知AC、BD是菱形ABCD的对角线,那么下列结论一定正确的是()A.△ABD与△ABC的周长相等B.△ABD与△ABC的面积相等C.菱形的周长等于两条对角线之和的两倍D.菱形的面积等于两条对角线之积的两倍二、填空题(每小题4分,共48分)7.(4分)(2018?上海)计算:a(a+1)=_________.8.(4分)(2018?上海)函数y=的定义域是_________.9.(4分)(2018?上海)不等式组的解集是_________.10.(4分)(2018?上海)某文具店二月份销售各种水笔320支,三月份销售各种水笔的支数比二月份增长了10%,那么该文具店三月份销售各种水笔_________支.11.(4分)(2018?上海)如果关于x的方程x2﹣2x+k=0(k为常数)有两个不相等的实数根,那么k的取值范围是_________.12.(4分)(2018?上海)已知传送带与水平面所成斜坡的坡度i=1:2.4,如果它把物体送到离地面10米高的地方,那么物体所经过的路程为_________米.13.(4分)(2018?上海)如果从初三(1)、(2)、(3)班中随机抽取一个班与初三(4)班进行一场拔河比赛,那么恰好抽到初三(1)班的概率是_________.14.(4分)(2018?上海)已知反比例函数y=(k是常数,k≠0),在其图象所在的每一个象限内,y的值随着x的值的增大而增大,那么这个反比例函数的解析式是_________(只需写一个).15.(4分)(2018?上海)如图,已知在平行四边形ABCD中,点E在边AB上,且AB=3EB.设=,=,那么=_________(结果用、表示).16.(4分)(2018?上海)甲、乙、丙三人进行飞镖比赛,已知他们每人五次投得的成绩如图,那么三人中成绩最稳定的是_________.17.(4分)(2018?上海)一组数:2,1,3,x,7,y,23,…,满足“从第三个数起,前两个数依次为a、b,紧随其后的数就是2a﹣b”,例如这组数中的第三个数“3”是由“2×2﹣1”得到的,那么这组数中y表示的数为_________.18.(4分)(2018?上海)如图,已知在矩形ABCD中,点E在边BC上,BE=2CE,将矩形沿着过点E的直线翻折后,点C、D分别落在边BC下方的点C′、D′处,且点C′、D′、B在同一条直线上,折痕与边AD交于点F,D′F与BE交于点G.设AB=t,那么△EFG的周长为_________(用含t的代数式表示).三、解答题(本题共7题,满分78分)19.(10分)(2018?上海)计算:﹣﹣+||.20.(10分)(2018?上海)解方程:﹣=.21.(10分)(2018?上海)已知水银体温计的读数y(℃)与水银柱的长度x(cm)之间是一次函数关系.现有一支水银体温计,其部分刻度线不清晰(如图),表中记录的是该体温计部分清晰刻度线及其对应水银柱的长度.水银柱的长度x(cm) 4.2 …8.2 9.8体温计的读数y(℃)35.0 …40.0 42.0(1)求y关于x的函数关系式(不需要写出函数的定义域);(2)用该体温计测体温时,水银柱的长度为 6.2cm,求此时体温计的读数.22.(10分)(2018?上海)如图,已知Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,CD是斜边AB上的中线,过点A作AE⊥CD,AE分别与CD、CB相交于点H、E,AH=2CH.(1)求sinB的值;(2)如果CD=,求BE的值.23.(12分)(2018?上海)已知:如图,梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AB=DC,对角线AC、BD相交于点F,点E 是边BC延长线上一点,且∠CDE=∠ABD.(1)求证:四边形ACED是平行四边形;(2)连接AE,交BD于点G,求证:=.24.(12分)(2018?上海)在平面直角坐标系中(如图),已知抛物线y=x2+bx+c与x轴交于点A(﹣1,0)和点B,与y轴交于点C(0,﹣2).(1)求该抛物线的表达式,并写出其对称轴;(2)点E为该抛物线的对称轴与x轴的交点,点F在对称轴上,四边形ACEF为梯形,求点F的坐标;(3)点D为该抛物线的顶点,设点P(t,0),且t>3,如果△BDP和△CDP的面积相等,求t的值.25.(14分)(2018?上海)如图1,已知在平行四边形ABCD中,AB=5,BC=8,cosB=,点P是边BC上的动点,以CP为半径的圆C与边AD交于点E、F(点F在点E的右侧),射线CE与射线BA交于点G.(1)当圆C经过点A时,求CP的长;(2)连接AP,当AP∥CG时,求弦EF的长;(3)当△AGE是等腰三角形时,求圆C的半径长.2018年上海市中考数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(每小题4分,共24分)1.(4分)(2018?上海)计算的结果是()A.B.C.D.3考点:二次根式的乘除法.专题:计算题.分析:根据二次根式的乘法运算法则进行运算即可.解答:解:?=,故选:B.点评:本题主要考查二次根式的乘法运算法则,关键在于熟练正确的运用运算法则,比较简单.2.(4分)(2018?上海)据统计,2013年上海市全社会用于环境保护的资金约为60 800 000 000元,这个数用科学记数法表示为()A.608×108B.60.8×109C.6.08×1010D.6.08×1011考点:科学记数法—表示较大的数.分析:科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数.确定n的值时,要看把原数变成a时,小数点移动了多少位,n的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同.当原数绝对值>1时,n是正数;当原数的绝对值<1时,n是负数.解答:解:60 800 000 000=6.08×1010,故选:C.点评:此题考查科学记数法的表示方法.科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数,表示时关键要正确确定a的值以及n的值.3.(4分)(2018?上海)如果将抛物线y=x2向右平移1个单位,那么所得的抛物线的表达式是()A.y=x2﹣1 B.y=x2+1 C.y=(x﹣1)2D.y=(x+1)2考点:二次函数图象与几何变换.专题:几何变换.分析:先得到抛物线y=x2的顶点坐标为(0,0),再得到点(0,0)向右平移1个单位得到点的坐标为(1,0),然后根据顶点式写出平移后的抛物线解析式.解答:解:抛物线y=x2的顶点坐标为(0,0),把点(0,0)向右平移1个单位得到点的坐标为(1,0),所以所得的抛物线的表达式为y=(x﹣1)2.故选:C.点评:本题考查了二次函数图象与几何变换:由于抛物线平移后的形状不变,故a不变,所以求平移后的抛物线解析式通常可利用两种方法:一是求出原抛物线上任意两点平移后的坐标,利用待定系数法求出解析式;二是只考虑平移后的顶点坐标,即可求出解析式.4.(4分)(2018?上海)如图,已知直线a、b被直线c所截,那么∠1的同位角是()A.∠2 B.∠3 C.∠4 D.∠5考点:同位角、内错角、同旁内角.分析:根据同位角:两条直线被第三条直线所截形成的角中,若两个角都在两直线的同侧,并且在第三条直线(截线)的同旁,则这样一对角叫做同位角可得答案.解答:解:∠1的同位角是∠5,故选:D.点评:此题主要考查了同位角的概念,关键是掌握同位角的边构成“F“形.5.(4分)(2018?上海)某事测得一周PM2.5的日均值(单位:)如下:50,40,75,50,37,50,40,这组数据的中位数和众数分别是()A.50和50 B.50和40 C.40和50 D.40和40考点:众数;中位数.分析:找中位数要把数据按从小到大的顺序排列,位于最中间的一个数或两个数的平均数为中位数;众数是一组数据中出现次数最多的数据,注意众数可以不止一个.解答:解:从小到大排列此数据为:37、40、40、50、50、50、75,数据50出现了三次最多,所以50为众数;50处在第4位是中位数.故选:A.点评:本题属于基础题,考查了确定一组数据的中位数和众数的能力.一些学生往往对这个概念掌握不清楚,计算方法不明确而误选其它选项,注意将一组数据按照从小到大(或从大到小)的顺序排列,如果数据的个数是奇数,则处于中间位置的数就是这组数据的中位数.如果这组数据的个数是偶数,则中间两个数据的平均数就是这组数据的中位数.6.(4分)(2018?上海)如图,已知AC、BD是菱形ABCD的对角线,那么下列结论一定正确的是()A.△ABD与△ABC的周长相等B.△ABD与△ABC的面积相等C.菱形的周长等于两条对角线之和的两倍D.菱形的面积等于两条对角线之积的两倍考点:菱形的性质.专题:几何图形问题.分析:分别利用菱形的性质结合各选项进而求出即可.解答:解:A、∵四边形ABCD是菱形,∴AB=BC=AD,∵AC<BD,∴△ABD与△ABC的周长不相等,故此选项错误;B 、∵S △ABD =S 平行四边形ABCD ,S △ABC =S 平行四边形ABCD,∴△ABD 与△ABC 的面积相等,故此选项正确;C 、菱形的周长与两条对角线之和不存在固定的数量关系,故此选项错误;D 、菱形的面积等于两条对角线之积的,故此选项错误;故选:B .点评:此题主要考查了菱形的性质应用,正确把握菱形的性质是解题关键.二、填空题(每小题4分,共48分)7.(4分)(2018?上海)计算:a (a+1)=a 2+a.考点:单项式乘多项式.专题:计算题.分析:原式利用单项式乘以多项式法则计算即可得到结果.解答:解:原式=a 2+a .故答案为:a 2+a点评:此题考查了单项式乘以多项式,熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键.8.(4分)(2018?上海)函数y=的定义域是x ≠1.考点:函数自变量的取值范围.分析:根据分母不等于0列式计算即可得解.解答:解:由题意得,x ﹣1≠0,解得x ≠1.故答案为:x ≠1.点评:本题考查了函数自变量的范围,一般从三个方面考虑:(1)当函数表达式是整式时,自变量可取全体实数;(2)当函数表达式是分式时,考虑分式的分母不能为0;(3)当函数表达式是二次根式时,被开方数非负.9.(4分)(2018?上海)不等式组的解集是3<x <4.考点:解一元一次不等式组.专题:计算题.分析:先求出不等式组中每一个不等式的解集,再求出它们的公共部分就是不等式组的解集.解答:解:,解①得:x >3,解②得:x <4.则不等式组的解集是:3<x <4.故答案是:3<x <4点评:本题考查的是一元一次不等式组的解,解此类题目常常要结合数轴来判断.还可以观察不等式的解,若x>较小的数、<较大的数,那么解集为x 介于两数之间.10.(4分)(2018?上海)某文具店二月份销售各种水笔320支,三月份销售各种水笔的支数比二月份增长了10%,那么该文具店三月份销售各种水笔352支.考点:有理数的混合运算.专题:应用题.分析:三月份销售各种水笔的支数比二月份增长了10%,是把二月份销售的数量看作单位“1”,增加的量是二月份的10%,即三月份生产的是二月份的(1+10%),由此得出答案.解答:解:320×(1+10%)=320×1.1=352(支).答:该文具店三月份销售各种水笔352支.故答案为:352.点评:此题考查有理数的混合运算,理解题意,列出算式解决问题.11.(4分)(2018?上海)如果关于x的方程x2﹣2x+k=0(k为常数)有两个不相等的实数根,那么k的取值范围是k<1.考点:根的判别式.分析:根据一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0)的根的判别式的意义得到△>0,即(﹣2)2﹣4×1×k>0,然后解不等式即可.解答:解:∵关于x的方程x2﹣3x+k=0(k为常数)有两个不相等的实数根,∴△>0,即(﹣2)2﹣4×1×k>0,解得k<1,∴k的取值范围为k<1.故答案为:k<1.点评:本题考查了一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0,a,b,c为常数)的根的判别式△=b2﹣4ac.当△>0,方程有两个不相等的实数根;当△=0,方程有两个相等的实数根;当△<0,方程没有实数根.12.(4分)(2018?上海)已知传送带与水平面所成斜坡的坡度i=1:2.4,如果它把物体送到离地面10米高的地方,那么物体所经过的路程为26米.考点:解直角三角形的应用-坡度坡角问题.专题:应用题.分析:首先根据题意画出图形,根据坡度的定义,由勾股定理即可求得答案.解答:解:如图,由题意得:斜坡AB的坡度:i=1:2.4,AE=10米,AE⊥BD,∵i==,∴BE=24米,∴在Rt△ABE中,AB==26(米).故答案为:26.点评:此题考查了坡度坡角问题.此题比较简单,注意掌握数形结合思想的应用,注意理解坡度的定义.13.(4分)(2018?上海)如果从初三(1)、(2)、(3)班中随机抽取一个班与初三(4)班进行一场拔河比赛,那么恰好抽到初三(1)班的概率是.考点:概率公式.分析:由从初三(1)、(2)、(3)班中随机抽取一个班与初三(4)班进行一场拔河比赛,直接利用概率公式求解即可求得答案.解答:解:∵从初三(1)、(2)、(3)班中随机抽取一个班与初三(4)班进行一场拔河比赛,∴恰好抽到初三(1)班的概率是:.故答案为:.点评:此题考查了概率公式的应用.用到的知识点为:概率=所求情况数与总情况数之比.14.(4分)(2018?上海)已知反比例函数y=(k是常数,k≠0),在其图象所在的每一个象限内,y的值随着x的值的增大而增大,那么这个反比例函数的解析式是y=﹣(只需写一个).考点:反比例函数的性质.专题:开放型.分析:首先根据反比例函数的性质可得k<0,再写一个符合条件的数即可.解答:解:∵反比例函数y=(k是常数,k≠0),在其图象所在的每一个象限内,y的值随着x的值的增大而增大,∴k<0,∴y=﹣,故答案为:y=﹣.点评:此题主要考查了反比例函数的性质,关键是掌握对于反比例函数y=,当k>0时,在每一个象限内,函数值y随自变量x的增大而减小;当k<0时,在每一个象限内,函数值y随自变量x增大而增大.15.(4分)(2018?上海)如图,已知在平行四边形ABCD中,点E在边AB上,且AB=3EB.设=,=,那么=﹣(结果用、表示).考点:*平面向量.分析:由点E在边AB上,且AB=3EB.设=,可求得,又由在平行四边形ABCD中,=,求得,再利用三角形法则求解即可求得答案.解答:解:∵AB=3EB.=,∴==,∵平行四边形ABCD中,=,∴==,∴=﹣=﹣.故答案为:﹣.点评:此题考查了平面向量的知识.此题难度不大,注意掌握三角形法则与平行四边形法则的应用,注意掌握数形结合思想的应用.16.(4分)(2018?上海)甲、乙、丙三人进行飞镖比赛,已知他们每人五次投得的成绩如图,那么三人中成绩最稳定的是乙.考点:方差;折线统计图.专题:图表型.分析:根据方差的意义数据波动越小,数据越稳定即可得出答案.解答:解:根据图形可得:乙的成绩波动最小,数据最稳定,则三人中成绩最稳定的是乙;故答案为:乙.点评:本题考查了方差的意义.方差是用来衡量一组数据波动大小的量,方差越大,表明这组数据偏离平均数越大,即波动越大,数据越不稳定;反之,方差越小,表明这组数据分布比较集中,各数据偏离平均数越小,即波动越小,数据越稳定.17.(4分)(2018?上海)一组数:2,1,3,x,7,y,23,…,满足“从第三个数起,前两个数依次为a、b,紧随其后的数就是2a﹣b”,例如这组数中的第三个数“3”是由“2×2﹣1”得到的,那么这组数中y表示的数为﹣9.考点:规律型:数字的变化类.分析:根据“从第三个数起,前两个数依次为a、b,紧随其后的数就是2a﹣b”,首先建立方程2×3﹣x=7,求得x,进一步利用此规定求得y即可.解答:解:解法一:常规解法∵从第三个数起,前两个数依次为a、b,紧随其后的数就是2a﹣b∴2×3﹣x=7∴x=﹣1则2×(﹣1)﹣7=y解得y=﹣9.解法二:技巧型∵从第三个数起,前两个数依次为a、b,紧随其后的数就是2a﹣b∴7×2﹣y=23∴y=﹣9故答案为:﹣9.点评:此题考查数字的变化规律,注意利用定义新运算方法列方程解决问题.18.(4分)(2018?上海)如图,已知在矩形ABCD中,点E在边BC上,BE=2CE,将矩形沿着过点E的直线翻折后,点C、D分别落在边BC下方的点C′、D′处,且点C′、D′、B在同一条直线上,折痕与边AD交于点F,D′F 与BE交于点G.设AB=t,那么△EFG的周长为2t(用含t的代数式表示).考点:翻折变换(折叠问题).专题:几何图形问题.分析:根据翻折的性质可得CE=C′E,再根据直角三角形30°角所对的直角边等于斜边的一半判断出∠EBC′=30°,然后求出∠BGD′=60°,根据对顶角相等可得∠FGE=∠∠BGD′=60°,根据两直线平行,内错角相等可得∠AFG=∠FGE,再求出∠EFG=60°,然后判断出△EFG是等边三角形,根据等边三角形的性质表示出EF,即可得解.解答:解:由翻折的性质得,CE=C′E,∵BE=2CE,∴BE=2C′E,又∵∠C′=∠C=90°,∴∠EBC′=30°,∵∠FD′C′=∠D=90°,∴∠BGD′=60°,∴∠FGE=∠BGD′=60°,∵AD∥BC,∴∠AFG=∠FGE=60°,∴∠EFG=(180°﹣∠AFG)=(180°﹣60°)=60°,∴△EFG是等边三角形,∵AB=t,∴EF=t÷=t,∴△EFG的周长=3×t=2t.故答案为:2t.点评:本题考查了翻折变换的性质,直角三角形30°角所对的直角边等于斜边的一半,等边三角形的判定与性质,熟记性质并判断出△EFG是等边三角形是解题的关键.三、解答题(本题共7题,满分78分)19.(10分)(2018?上海)计算:﹣﹣+||.考点:实数的运算;分数指数幂.专题:计算题.分析:本题涉及绝对值、二次根式化简两个考点.针对每个考点分别进行计算,然后根据实数的运算法则求得计算结果.解答:解:原式=2﹣﹣2+2﹣=.点评:本题考查实数的综合运算能力,是各地中考题中常见的计算题型.解决此类题目的关键是熟记特殊角的三角函数值,熟练掌握负整数指数幂、零指数幂、二次根式、绝对值等考点的运算.20.(10分)(2018?上海)解方程:﹣=.考点:解分式方程.专题:计算题;转化思想.分析:分式方程去分母转化为整式方程,求出整式方程的解得到x的值,经检验即可得到分式方程的解.解答:解:去分母得:(x+1)2﹣2=x﹣1,整理得:x2+x=0,即x(x+1)=0,解得:x=0或x=﹣1,经检验x=﹣1是增根,分式方程的解为x=0.点评:此题考查了解分式方程,解分式方程的基本思想是“转化思想”,把分式方程转化为整式方程求解.解分式方程一定注意要验根.21.(10分)(2018?上海)已知水银体温计的读数y(℃)与水银柱的长度x(cm)之间是一次函数关系.现有一支水银体温计,其部分刻度线不清晰(如图),表中记录的是该体温计部分清晰刻度线及其对应水银柱的长度.水银柱的长度x(cm) 4.2 …8.2 9.8体温计的读数y(℃)35.0 …40.0 42.0(1)求y关于x的函数关系式(不需要写出函数的定义域);(2)用该体温计测体温时,水银柱的长度为 6.2cm,求此时体温计的读数.考点:一次函数的应用.专题:应用题;待定系数法.分析:(1)设y关于x的函数关系式为y=kx+b,由统计表的数据建立方程组求出其解即可;(2)当x=6.2时,代入(1)的解析式就可以求出y的值.解答:解:(1)设y关于x的函数关系式为y=kx+b,由题意,得,解得:,∴y=x+29.75.∴y关于x的函数关系式为:y=+29.75;(2)当x=6.2时,y=×6.2+29.75=37.5.答:此时体温计的读数为37.5℃.点评:本题考查了待定系数法求一次函数的解析式的运用,由解析式根据自变量的值求函数值的运用,解答时求出函数的解析式是关键.22.(10分)(2018?上海)如图,已知Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,CD是斜边AB上的中线,过点A作AE⊥CD,AE分别与CD、CB相交于点H、E,AH=2CH.(1)求sinB的值;(2)如果CD=,求BE的值.考点:解直角三角形;直角三角形斜边上的中线.专题:几何图形问题.分析:(1)根据∠ACB=90°,CD是斜边AB上的中线,可得出CD=BD,则∠B=∠BCD,再由AE⊥CD,可证明∠B=∠CAH,由AH=2CH,可得出CH:AC=1:,即可得出sinB的值;(2)根据sinB的值,可得出AC:AB=1:,再由AB=2,得AC=2,则CE=1,从而得出BE.解答:解:(1)∵∠ACB=90°,CD是斜边AB上的中线,∴CD=BD,∴∠B=∠BCD,∵AE⊥CD,∴∠CAH+∠ACH=90°,又∠ACB=90°∴∠BCD+∠ACH=90°∴∠B=∠BCD=∠CAH,即∠B=∠CAH,∵AH=2CH,∴由勾股定理得AC=CH,∴CH:AC=1:,∴sinB=;(2)∵sinB=,∴AC:AB=1:,∴AC=2.∵∠CAH=∠B,∴sin∠CAH=sinB==,设CE=x(x>0),则AE=x,则x2+22=(x)2,∴CE=x=1,AC=2,在Rt△ABC中,AC2+BC2=AB2,∴BC=4,∴BE=BC﹣CE=3.点评:本题考查了解直角三角形,以及直角三角形斜边上的中线,注意性质的应用,难度不大.23.(12分)(2018?上海)已知:如图,梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AB=DC,对角线AC、BD相交于点F,点E 是边BC延长线上一点,且∠CDE=∠ABD.(1)求证:四边形ACED是平行四边形;(2)连接AE,交BD于点G,求证:=.考点:相似三角形的判定与性质;全等三角形的判定与性质;平行四边形的判定.专题:证明题.分析:(1)证△△BAD≌△CDA,推出∠ABD=∠ACD=∠CDE,推出AC∥DE即可;(2)根据平行得出比例式,再根据比例式的性质进行变形,即可得出答案.解答:证明:(1)∵梯形ABCD,AD∥BC,AB=CD,∴∠BAD=∠CDA,在△BAD和△CDA中∴△BAD≌△CDA(SAS),∴∠ABD=∠ACD,∵∠CDE=∠ABD,∴∠ACD=∠CDE,∴AC∥DE,∵AD∥CE,∴四边形ACED是平行四边形;(2)∵AD∥BC,∴=,=,∴=,∵平行四边形ACED,AD=CE,∴=,∴=,∴=,∴=.点评:本题考查了比例的性质,平行四边形的判定,平行线的判定的应用,主要考查学生运用定理进行推理的能力,题目比较好,难度适中.24.(12分)(2018?上海)在平面直角坐标系中(如图),已知抛物线y=x 2+bx+c与x轴交于点A(﹣1,0)和点B,与y轴交于点C(0,﹣2).(1)求该抛物线的表达式,并写出其对称轴;(2)点E为该抛物线的对称轴与x轴的交点,点F在对称轴上,四边形ACEF为梯形,求点F的坐标;(3)点D为该抛物线的顶点,设点P(t,0),且t>3,如果△BDP和△CDP的面积相等,求t的值.考点:二次函数综合题.专题:代数几何综合题;压轴题.分析:(1)根据待定系数法可求抛物线的表达式,进一步得到对称轴;(2)因为AC与EF不平行,且四边形ACEF为梯形,所以CE∥AF.分别求出直线CE、AF的解析式,进而求出点F的坐标;(3)△BDP和△CDP的面积相等,可得DP∥BC,根据待定系数法得到直线BC的解析式,根据两条平行的直线k值相同可得直线DP的解析式,进一步即可得到t的值.解答:解:(1)∵抛物线y=x2+bx+c经过点A(﹣1,0),点C(0,﹣2),∴,解得.故抛物线的表达式为:y=x2﹣x﹣2=(x﹣1)2﹣,对称轴为直线x=1;(2)设直线CE的解析式为:y=kx+b,将E(1,0),C(0,﹣2)坐标代入得:,解得,∴直线CE的解析式为:y=2x﹣2.∵AC与EF不平行,且四边形ACEF为梯形,∴CE∥AF.∴设直线AF的解析式为:y=2x+n.∵点A(﹣1,0)在直线AF上,∴﹣2+n=0,∴n=2.∴设直线AF的解析式为:y=2x+2.当x=1时,y=4,∴点F的坐标为(1,4).(3)点B(3,0),点D(1,﹣),若△BDP和△CDP的面积相等,则DP∥BC,则直线BC的解析式为y=x﹣2,∴直线DP的解析式为y=x﹣,当y=0时,x=5,∴t=5.点评:考查了二次函数综合题,涉及的知识点有:待定系数法求抛物线的表达式,待定系数法求直线的解析式,两条平行的直线之间的关系,三角形面积,分类思想的运用,综合性较强,有一定的难度.25.(14分)(2018?上海)如图1,已知在平行四边形ABCD中,AB=5,BC=8,cosB=,点P是边BC上的动点,以CP为半径的圆C与边AD交于点E、F(点F在点E的右侧),射线CE与射线BA交于点G.(1)当圆C经过点A时,求CP的长;(2)连接AP,当AP∥CG时,求弦EF的长;(3)当△AGE是等腰三角形时,求圆C的半径长.考点:圆的综合题.专题:压轴题.分析:(1)当点A在⊙C上时,点E和点A重合,过点A作AH⊥BC于H,直接利用勾股定理求出AC进而得出答案;(2)首先得出四边形APCE是菱形,进而得出CM的长,进而利用锐角三角函数关系得出CP以及EF的长;(3)∠GAE≠∠BGC,只能∠AGE=∠AEG,利用AD∥BC,得出△GAE∽△GBC,进而求出即可.解答:解:(1)如图1,设⊙O的半径为r,当点A在⊙C上时,点E和点A重合,过点A作AH⊥BC于H,∴BH=AB?cosB=4,∴AH=3,CH=4,∴AC==5,∴此时CP=r=5;(2)如图2,若AP∥CE,APCE为平行四边形,∵CE=CP,∴四边形APCE是菱形,连接AC、EP,则AC⊥EP,∴AM=CM=,由(1)知,AB=AC,则∠ACB=∠B,∴CP=CE==,∴EF=2=;(3)如图3:过点C作CN⊥AD于点N,∵cosB=,∴∠B<45°,∵∠BCG<90°,∴∠BGC>45°,∴∠BGC>∠B=∠GAE,即∠BGC≠∠GAE,又∠AEG=∠BCG≥∠ACB=∠B=∠GAE,∴当∠AEG=∠GAE时,A、E、G重合,则△AGE不存在.即∠AEG≠∠GAE∴只能∠AGE=∠AEG,∵AD∥BC,∴△GAE∽△GBC,∴=,即=,解得:AE=3,EN=AN﹣AE=1,∴CE===.点评:此题主要考查了相似三角形的判定与性质以及勾股定理以及锐角三角函数关系等知识,利用分类讨论得出△AGE是等腰三角形时只能∠AGE=∠AEG进而求出是解题关键.。
上海市虹口区2018年中考英语二模试题Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (听力理解) (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片) (6分)A B C DE F G H1. _______2. _______3. ______4. ______5. _______6. ______B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案) (8分)( )7. A) Green. B) Blue. C) Grey. D) Brown.( )8. A) 15 yuan. B) 37 yuan. C) 50 yuan. D) 63 yuan.( )9. A) Mother and son. B) Doctor and patient.C) Husband and wife. D) Teacher and student.( )10. A) To drink less tea. B) To drink less wine.C) Not to drink strong drinks. D) Not to drink Cola.( )11. A) Because he is going to see a doctor. B) Because he’s going to answer an e-mail.C)Because he’s going to attend a meeting.D) Because he doesn’t like having a picnic.( )12. A) Call another hotel. B) Book a single room.C) Change his room. D) Help him check out.( )13. A) Cold. B) Clear. C) Rainy. D) Cloudy.( )14. A) The man will ring back later this afternoon.B) The man forgot to take notes when answering the phone.C) The woman can manage without the phone number.D) The woman will help the man look for the paper.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容, 符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示) (6分) ( )15. The new cups with a porcelain(陶瓷) cat or dog at the bottom are very expensive.( )16. You can’t see the dog or the cat until you have finished the tea.( )17. This kind of cups are popular among kids and young people.( )18. Some people think it terrible to pour hot water over a cat’s head.( )19. You will probably drink too much because these cups are bigger.( )20. The little cat or dog in the cup isn’t cute at all to some people.D. Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences (听对话,完成下列句子,每空格限填一词) (共10分)21.Tony wants to be an eye doctor___________ ___________.22.When he was a little boy, he __________ __________ to get a pair of glasses.23.Tony asked his cousin to go to see a ___________ ___________ but he refused.24.Tony came to realize that he needed to ___________ ___________ eyes.25.It’s better for Tony to take some classes and __________ ___________ for his future job.Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary(第二部分语音、语法和词汇)Ⅱ. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案) (共20分)26. My dream is to be a host in the future. Which of the following is correct for the underlinedpart?A) / hɒst / B) /hɔːst/ C) / həʊst / D) / haʊst /27. The doctor suggested he should go on _______ diet and do more exercise.A) a B) an C) / D) the28. _______ winter, a lot of parents take their children to the North to ski.A) In B) On C) At D) From29. The monitor is often praised _______helping the elderly in a nursing home.A) with B) at C) from D) for30. Our teachers are very patient when we ask _______ for help.A) them B) they C) theirs D) themselves31. We are often told that ________ is more important than health.A) something B) anything C) nothing D) everything32. You can find more________ about travel around Shanghai on the Internet.A) truth B) information C) fact D) opinion33. We can plant more trees and flowers to make our estate ________.A) beautifully B) more beautifulC) most beautiful D) more beautifully34. Joe was surprised that Jane was thirty minutes late, _______ she always arrived on time.A) but B) so C) for D) or35. _______ the manager isn’t here, may I leave him a message?A) If B) As soon as C) Although D) Since36. Most people in China ________ afford to travel abroad 30 years ago.A) mustn’t B) couldn’t C) shouldn’t D) may not37. He said that he ________ to teach kids in the orphanage (孤儿院) after he graduated from school.A) will volunteer B) would volunteer C) has volunteered D) is volunteering38. My deskmate _______ up very late last night and now he has fallen asleep in class.A) stays B) has stayed C) stayed D) had stayed39.Bob spent more than four hours _______ playing the piano every day when he was young.A) practise B) to practise C) practising D) practised40. If an area _______ by flooding, the government will face very serious difficulties.A) affects B) is affected C) will be affected D) was affected41. Alice expected ________ some time to herself at weekends when she was a student.A) to have B) having C) to having D) have42. We bought a new flat last week, but we haven’t decided ________ to decorate it.A) which B) what C) how D) why43. _______ amazing the film “Operation Red Sea” is!A) How B) What C) What a D) What an44. –________?–Certainly not. On Chinese New Year’s Eve, we always have du mplings with our family.A) Can you tell me something about the Spring FestivalB) What happens to the Spring FestivalC) What do you always do on Chinese New Year’s EveD) Would you mind telling us something about the Spring Festival45. –It’s very kind of you to help me with my chemistry.– ________A) I’m glad you like it. B) All right.C) My pleasure. D) That’s great.Ⅲ. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。
2018学年第二学期初三年级学业质量调研英语学科试卷2018年4月(满分150分,考试时间:100分钟)考生注意:本卷有7大题,共94小题。
试题均采用连续编号,所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成,做在试卷上不给分。
Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解)(共 30 分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)(6分)B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案)(8分)7. A) Cola. B) Milk. C) Tea. D) Coffee.8. A) Every day. B) Once a week. C) After school. D) Two hours.9. A) He has a headache. B) He has a heart attack.C) He has a stomachache. D) He has a high fever.10. A) By bus. B) By car. C) By bike. D) By underground.11. A) He doesn’t like the color. B) He wants a cheaper one.C) It’s of poor quality. D) It’s the wrong size.12. A) At the office. B) At the cafe. C) At the classroom. D) At somewhere quiet.13. A) A fashion designer. B) A travel agent. C) A shop assistant. D) A private pilot.14. A) The boy is going to go to the sports center this evening.B) The boy won’t do the science homework this evening,C) Linda is going to watch the basketball match with the boy.D) It won5t take a long time to get to the sports centre.B. Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements are true orfalse (判! 列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示)(6分)15. There are four different age groups that play water polo(水球).16. The under 16s train on Mondays and Thursdays.17. WaterpolomatchesareplayedonSaturdaysmornings.18. You have to pay to join the water polo classes for under 16s.19. To join the club, you need to bring a photo and a form.20. Tyrone is phoning for some information about the water polo club.C. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences (听短文,完成下列内容,每空格限填一词)(10分)21. Jungle Fever is an________ ________ based on a TV documentary.22. The young man in the film Swim goes to the________ ________ to take lessons.23. If you want to enter the competition, just ________ ________ and answer ten questions.24. This time the program is offering________________ as a prize.25. The prize will be given out by the second week________________.Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and vocabulary(第二部分语音、语法和词汇)II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案)(共20,分)26. Which of the following words is pronounced as /fens/?A) fans B) fence C) face D) fax27. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation?A) horrible B) lose C) fond D) lock28. The park was full of people who were enjoying________in the sunshine.A) they B) them C) their D) themselves29. The young couple haven't bought any_______ for their new house.A) table B) window C) lamp D) furniture30. Could you do me________favour- would you feed my dog this weekend?A) a B) an C)the D)/31. ________ Hawaii and California have a lot of earthquakes.A) Neither B) Both C) Either D) Not only32. Last weekend I met a foreigner in the street and showed him the way________English.A) with B) on C) in D) by33. A right fashionable scarf, necklace, belt etc. can add variety________simple clothes.A) for B) by C) with D) to34. We don’t get many customers on Mondays - Saturday is our________day.A) busy B) busier C) busiest D) the busiest35. More schools in the area have agreed________the National Walkout Plan.A) to support B) supporting C) support D) supported36. It was so frightening. I could feel you________with fear.A) shaking B) to shake C) shaken D) to shaking37. ________honest boy Tom is! He found a bag fill of cash and immediately returned it.A) What B) What a C) What an D) How38. Our English teacher looks________younger with her new hairstyle, don't you think?A) much B) so C) very D) too39. In most countries cigarettes________to anyone under 18.A) don’t sell B) are not sold C) didn’t sell D) were not sold40.________we change the way we travel, we will have serious environmental problems.A) Although B) Unless C) Because D) Until41. Simon________the piano for ages when he gave his first concert.A) has played B) is playing C) had played D) will play42. In my job I________wear a uniform. I don’t mind because it’s quite smart.A) have to B) ought to C) can D) may43. -________are you having a party?-It's my fourteenth birthday, and I want to celebrate it.A) When B) How old C) What D)Why44. - Let’s go out for dinner tonight.-________.A) Friday will be fine for me too. B) Yes, the food was very good.C) Sorry, but I cannot make it today. D) I don’t, I prefer football.45. —I’m interested in paintings of wild animals.---________.A) I’m afraid I don’t like that idea.B) So do I. Do you have any other hobbies?C) That’s amazing. I love old paintings too. D) We have some famous paintings of tigers.III . Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。
上海市上海市黄浦区2018年英语中考二模试卷一、单选题1. Which of the following underlined parts matches the sound /I/?A . wineB . fightC . highD . habit2. As a fan of sports,Carl always takes___ active part in ball games after school.A . aB . anC . theD . /3. With an average temperature of 20 degrees,spring is___its way to Shanghai.A . onB . inC . ofD . by4. The story sounds quite familiar_______ me,and I got a little bored.A . offB . forC . toD . with5. To stay healthy,your brain needs enough_______ as well as your body.A . exerciseB . changeC . ideaD . act6. Before Jerry could say____,his father slammed the door and left the room.A . everythingB . somethingC . anythingD . nothing7. Humans are_______ to live up to more than 150 years in the future.A . proudlyB . likelyC . finallyD . possibly8. Don't leave the child alone. He is not old enough to take care of_______.A . heB . himC . hisD . himself9. At the age of 60,Simon is still as_______ as he used to be.A . strongB . strongerC . strongestD . the strongest10. Tourists are required_______ their cars outside the National Park and take the cable carA . parkB . parkingC . parkedD . to park11. Daily homework is necessary,_________too much of it may bring harm to students.A . soB . forC . butD . or12. It was in the police office that the thief admitted________the purse from the old ladyA . stealB . stealingC . stolenD . to steal13. It is still unknown how AI(人工智能)_______the way of our life as well as the world.A . changeB . changedC . will changeD . was changing14. Before O'Shea hosted the Joy FM program in Beijing,he_______ in Hongkong for ten years.A . worksB . has workedC . had workedD . would work15. The Italian woman didn't feel a culture shock________it was her first time to Shanghai.A . thoughB . sinceC . ifD . when16. It is reported that the ticket prices for key tourist sites in our country_______ soon.A . have reducedB . were reducedC . had reducedD . will be reduced17. There_______be something on David's mind today,for he shows no interest in the food he likes.A . canB . mustC . needD . should18. _______ pity it is that their team was not able to attend the Winter Olympics!A . WhatB . HowC . What aD . How a19. —— I wonder if you could keep an eye on my luggage when I am away.——________________.A . That's all rightB . Of courseC . You're welcomeD . Why not20. ——It's not the end of the world. Look on the bright side!——______________.A . I agree with youB . Come onC . I will tryD . My pleasure二、阅读理解(1) Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the strong point of Jitterbug Smartphone?36. People held the first Olympic Games to honour the Greek God,Zeus.(改为被动语态)The first Olympic Games________ ________to honour the Greek God,Zeus.37. The team was unable to reach the top of the mountain before dark.(保持句意基本不变)The team ________ ________reach the top of the mountain before dark.38. “Can I pay for the e-book by credit card?" Jane asked the shop assistant. 改为宾语从句)Jane asked the shop assistant whether ________ ________pay for thee-book by credit card.39. on the Internet,has,for her parents,Sally,booked,a trip to France(连词成句)七、单词拼写40. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺,每空格限填一词,首字母已给):Grades are important,but they are not the only measure.I have come to understand that exam grades are not the only purpose of schools,and grades a________ are not enough .Studies show that some of the high-flying students have troubled lives,finding it difficult to get good jobs or become gre at parents or partners. A________ graduation,students come to realize what they have learned at school has not really prepa red them for the next step.Increasingly,teachers are getting to know the idea of "learning from our failures. "If you've never failed at anything,you've certainly never t________ anything new. Exam grades are important and we encourage all students to aim high and to do we ll. But they don't m________success.I once asked my students to consider the chef Gordon Ramsay,and how he became so successful. They were surprise d to find that he didn't have a good performance at school and he didn't s________become a great chef. In an interview,he e xplained that he worked long hours for very little money,learning everything he could,He took chances even if they seemed i__ ______He made mistakes but he cheered himself up and moved forward. His success didn't come from grades,it came fro m his character:courage,effort and confidence.We should develop social skills through the whole school as an important p________ of learning.This is why there is a focus on performance,sport and other activities. These life skills will work hand-in-hand with knowl edge to enable students to do well in their future life.八、任务型阅读41. Answer the questions (根据短文内容回答下列问题):"You have saved my horse," Queen Olivia told the young boy standing before her .””Now you shall have a reward." Pete r nervously ran his fingers through his brown hair. The frightened horse had run past him as he worked in the field that mornin g. He would have helped it whether it belonged to the queen or not .But he had to admit that getting a reward was nice.Two of the queen's men appeared. One carried a mirror. Red jewels shone on top of the minor's silver frame. The other carried wooden care with a chicken inside it."Only one reward can be yours," the queen said" Choose wisely"" That's easy.” Peter said.” I will take the chicken.” So me of the queen's men laughed. It was clear that they thought he had made a foolish choice.“And why did you choose the chicken? The queen asked.” Well,I don't know much about jewels," Peter answered.” But I do know about chickens. The chicken will provide eggs for my family for a long while.”Queen Olivia smiled.” Then you did make a wise choice." she said.“ That mirror may look fancy. But the jewels you see2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.10.11.12.13.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.。
2018年上海市中考数学二模试卷(总21页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面,使用时请删除本页-2018年上海市中考数学二模试卷一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,请选择正确选项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1.(4分)在下列各式中,二次单项式是()A.x2+1 B. xy2C.2xy D.(﹣)22.(4分)下列运算结果正确的是()A.(a+b)2=a2+b2B.2a2+a=3a3 C.a3•a2=a5D.2a﹣1=(a≠0)3.(4分)在平面直角坐标系中,反比例函数y=(k≠0)图象在每个象限内y随着x的增大而减小,那么它的图象的两个分支分别在()A.第一、三象限B.第二、四象限C.第一、二象限D.第三、四象限4.(4分)有9名学生参加校民乐决赛,最终成绩各不相同,其中一名同学想要知道自己是否进入前5名,不仅要了解自己的成绩,还要了解这9名学生成绩的()A.平均数B.中位数C.众数D.方差5.(4分)已知四边形ABCD是平行四边形,下列结论中不正确的是()A.当AB=BC时,四边形ABC D是菱形B.当AC⊥BD时,四边形ABCD是菱形C.当∠ABC=90°时,四边形ABCD是矩形D.当AC=BD时,四边形ABCD是正方形6.(4分)点A在圆O上,已知圆O的半径是4,如果点A到直线a的距离是8,那么圆O与直线a的位置关系可能是()A.相交B.相离C.相切或相交D.相切或相离二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7.(4分)计算:|﹣1|+22=.8.(4分)在实数范围内分解因式:4a2﹣3=.9.(4分)方程=1的根是.10.(4分)已知关于x的方程x2﹣3x﹣m=0没有实数根,那么m的取值范围是.11.(4分)已知直线y=kx+b(k≠0)与直线y=﹣x平行,且截距为5,那么这条直线的解析式为.12.(4分)某十字路口的交通信号灯每分钟红灯亮30秒,绿灯亮25秒,黄灯亮5秒,当你抬头看信号灯时,是绿灯的概率为.13.(4分)已知一个40个数据的样本,把它分成六组,第一组到第四组的频数分别为10,5,7,6,第五组的频率是,则第六组的频数为.14.(4分)如图,已知在矩形ABCD中,点E在边AD上,且AE=2ED.设=, =,那么=(用、的式子表示).15.(4分)如果二次函数y=a1x2+b1x+c1(a1≠0,a1、b1、c1是常数)与y=a2x2+b2x+c2(a2≠0,a2、b2、c2是常数)满足a1与a2互为相反数,b1与b2相等,c1与c2互为倒数,那么称这两个函数为“亚旋转函数”.请直接写出函数y=﹣x2+3x﹣2的“亚旋转函数”为.16.(4分)如果正n边形的中心角为2α,边长为5,那么它的边心距为.(用锐角α的三角比表示)17.(4分)如图,一辆小汽车在公路l上由东向西行驶,已知测速探头M到公路l的距离MN为9米,测得此车从点A行驶到点B所用的时间为秒,并测得点A的俯角为30o,点B的俯角为60o.那么此车从A到B的平均速度为米/秒.(结果保留三个有效数字,参考数据:≈,≈)18.(4分)在直角梯形ABCD中,AB∥CD,∠DAB=90°,AB=12,DC=7,cos∠ABC=,点E在线段AD上,将△ABE沿BE翻折,点A恰巧落在对角线BD上点P处,那么PD=.三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.(10分)计算: +(﹣1)2018﹣2cos45°+8.20.(10分)解方程组:21.(10分)已知一次函数y=﹣2x+4的图象与x轴、y轴分别交于点A、B,以AB为边在第一象限内作直角三角形ABC,且∠BAC=90°,tan∠ABC=.(1)求点C的坐标;(2)在第一象限内有一点M(1,m),且点M与点C位于直线AB的同侧,使得2S△ABM=S△ABC,求点M的坐标.22.(10分)为了响应上海市市政府“绿色出行”的号召,减轻校门口道路拥堵的现状,王强决定改父母开车接送为自己骑车上学.已知他家离学校千米,上下班高峰时段,驾车的平均速度比自行车平均速度快15千米/小时,骑自行车所用时间比驾车所用时间多小时,求自行车的平均速度?23.(12分)如图,已知在△ABC中,∠BAC=2∠C,∠BAC的平分线AE与∠ABC的平分线BD相交于点F,FG∥AC,联结DG.(1)求证:BF•BC=AB•BD;(2)求证:四边形ADGF是菱形.24.(12分)如图,已知在平面直角坐标系xOy中,抛物线y=ax2﹣2x+c与x 轴交于点A和点B(1,0),与y轴相交于点C(0,3).(1)求抛物线的解析式和顶点D的坐标;(2)求证:∠DAB=∠ACB;(3)点Q在抛物线上,且△ADQ是以AD为底的等腰三角形,求Q点的坐标.25.(14分)如图,已知在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=6,BC=8,点F在线段AB上,以点B为圆心,BF为半径的圆交BC于点E,射线AE交圆B于点D(点D、E不重合).(1)如果设BF=x,EF=y,求y与x之间的函数关系式,并写出它的定义域;(2)如果=2,求ED的长;(3)联结CD、BD,请判断四边形ABDC是否为直角梯形?说明理由.参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,请选择正确选项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1.(4分)在下列各式中,二次单项式是()A.x2+1 B. xy2C.2xy D.(﹣)2【解答】解:由题意可知:2xy是二次单项式,故选:C.2.(4分)下列运算结果正确的是()A.(a+b)2=a2+b2B.2a2+a=3a3C.a3•a2=a5D.2a﹣1=(a≠0)【解答】解:(A)原式=a2+2ab+b2,故A错误;(B)2a2+a中没有同类项,不能合并,故B错误;(D)原式=,故D错误;故选:C.3.(4分)在平面直角坐标系中,反比例函数y=(k≠0)图象在每个象限内y随着x的增大而减小,那么它的图象的两个分支分别在()A.第一、三象限B.第二、四象限C.第一、二象限D.第三、四象限【解答】解:∵反比例函数y=(k≠0)图象在每个象限内y随着x的增大而减小,∴k>0,∴它的图象的两个分支分别在第一、三象限.故选:A.4.(4分)有9名学生参加校民乐决赛,最终成绩各不相同,其中一名同学想要知道自己是否进入前5名,不仅要了解自己的成绩,还要了解这9名学生成绩的()A.平均数B.中位数C.众数D.方差【解答】解:由于总共有9个人,且他们的分数互不相同,第5的成绩是中位数,要判断是否进入前5名,故应知道中位数的多少.故选:B.5.(4分)已知四边形ABCD是平行四边形,下列结论中不正确的是()A.当AB=BC时,四边形ABCD是菱形B.当AC⊥BD时,四边形ABCD是菱形C.当∠ABC=90°时,四边形ABCD是矩形D.当AC=BD时,四边形ABCD是正方形【解答】解:A、根据邻边相等的平行四边形是菱形可知:四边形ABCD是平行四边形,当AB=BC时,它是菱形,故本选项错误;B、根据对角线互相垂直的平行四边形是菱形知:当AC⊥BD时,四边形ABCD是菱形,故本选项错误;C、根据有一个角是直角的平行四边形是矩形知:当∠ABC=90°时,四边形ABCD是矩形,故本选项错误;D、根据对角线相等的平行四边形是矩形可知:当AC=BD时,它是矩形,不是正方形,故本选项正确;综上所述,符合题意是D选项;故选:D.6.(4分)点A在圆O上,已知圆O的半径是4,如果点A到直线a的距离是8,那么圆O与直线a的位置关系可能是()A.相交B.相离C.相切或相交D.相切或相离【解答】解:∵点A在圆O上,已知圆O的半径是4,点A到直线a的距离是8,∴圆O与直线a的位置关系可能是相切或相离,故选:D.二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7.(4分)计算:|﹣1|+22=5.【解答】解:原式=1+4=5,故答案为:58.(4分)在实数范围内分解因式:4a2﹣3=.【解答】解:4a2﹣3=.故答案为:.9.(4分)方程=1的根是1.【解答】解:两边平方得2x﹣1=1,解得x=1.经检验x=1是原方程的根.故本题答案为:x=1.10.(4分)已知关于x的方程x2﹣3x﹣m=0没有实数根,那么m的取值范围是m.【解答】解:∵关于x的方程x2﹣3x﹣m=0没有实数根,∴△<0,即(﹣3)2﹣4(﹣m)<0,解得m<﹣,故答案为:m<﹣.11.(4分)已知直线y=kx+b(k≠0)与直线y=﹣x平行,且截距为5,那么这条直线的解析式为y=﹣x+5.【解答】解:∵直线y=kx+b平行于直线y=﹣x,∴k=﹣.又∵截距为5,∴b=5,∴这条直线的解析式是y=﹣x+5.故答案是:y=﹣x+5.12.(4分)某十字路口的交通信号灯每分钟红灯亮30秒,绿灯亮25秒,黄灯亮5秒,当你抬头看信号灯时,是绿灯的概率为.【解答】解:抬头看信号灯时,是绿灯的概率为.故答案为:.13.(4分)已知一个40个数据的样本,把它分成六组,第一组到第四组的频数分别为10,5,7,6,第五组的频率是,则第六组的频数为8.【解答】解:根据题意,得:第一组到第四组的频率和是=,又∵第五组的频率是,∴第六组的频率为1﹣(+)=,∴第六组的频数为:40×=8.故答案为:8.14.(4分)如图,已知在矩形ABCD中,点E在边AD上,且AE=2ED.设=, =,那么=﹣(用、的式子表示).【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴AB=CD,AB∥CD,AD=BC,AD∥BC,∴==, ==,∵AE=2DE,∴=,∵=+.∴=﹣,故答案为﹣.15.(4分)如果二次函数y=a1x2+b1x+c1(a1≠0,a1、b1、c1是常数)与y=a2x2+b2x+c2(a2≠0,a2、b2、c2是常数)满足a1与a2互为相反数,b1与b2相等,c1与c2互为倒数,那么称这两个函数为“亚旋转函数”.请直接写出函数y=﹣x2+3x﹣2的“亚旋转函数”为y=x2+3x﹣.【解答】解:∵y=﹣x2+3x﹣2中a=﹣1,b=3,c=﹣2,且﹣1的相反数是1,与b相等的数是3,﹣2的倒数是﹣,∴y=﹣x2+3x﹣2的“亚旋转函数”为 y=x2+3x﹣.故答案是:y=x2+3x﹣.16.(4分)如果正n边形的中心角为2α,边长为5,那么它的边心距为cotα(或).(用锐角α的三角比表示)【解答】解:如图所示:∵正n边形的中心角为2α,边长为5,∵边心距OD=(或),故答案为:(或),17.(4分)如图,一辆小汽车在公路l上由东向西行驶,已知测速探头M到公路l的距离MN为9米,测得此车从点A行驶到点B所用的时间为秒,并测得点A的俯角为30o,点B的俯角为60o.那么此车从A到B的平均速度为米/秒.(结果保留三个有效数字,参考数据:≈,≈)【解答】解:在Rt△AMN中,AN=MN×tan∠AMN=MN×tan60°=9×=9.在Rt△BMN中,BN=MN×tan∠BMN=MN×tan30°=9×=3.∴AB=AN﹣BN=9﹣3=6.则A到B的平均速度为: ==10≈(米/秒).故答案为:.18.(4分)在直角梯形ABCD中,AB∥CD,∠DAB=90°,AB=12,DC=7,cos∠ABC=,点E在线段AD上,将△ABE沿BE翻折,点A恰巧落在对角线BD上点P处,那么PD=12﹣12.【解答】解:过点C作CF⊥AB于点F,则四边形AFC D为矩形,如图所示.∵AB=12,DC=7,∴BF=5.又∵cos∠ABC=,∴BC=13,CF==12.∵AD=CF=12,AB=12,∴BD==12.∵△ABE沿BE翻折得到△PBE,∴BP=BA=12,∴PD=BD﹣BP=12﹣12.故答案为:12﹣12.三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.(10分)计算: +(﹣1)2018﹣2cos45°+8.【解答】解:原式=﹣1+1﹣2×+2=﹣+2=2.20.(10分)解方程组:【解答】解:由②得:(x﹣2y)(x+y)=0x﹣2y=0或x+y=0…………………………………………(2分)原方程组可化为,………………………………(2分)解得原方程组的解为,…………………………………(5分)∴原方程组的解是为,……………………………………(6分)21.(10分)已知一次函数y=﹣2x+4的图象与x轴、y轴分别交于点A、B,以AB为边在第一象限内作直角三角形ABC,且∠BAC=90°,tan∠ABC=.(1)求点C的坐标;(2)在第一象限内有一点M(1,m),且点M与点C位于直线AB的同侧,使得2S△ABM=S△ABC,求点M的坐标.【解答】解:(1)令y=0,则﹣2x+4=0,解得x=2,∴点A坐标是(2,0).令x=0,则y=4,∴点B坐标是(0,4).∴AB===2.∵∠BAC=90°,tan∠ABC==,∴AC=AB=.如图1,过C点作CD⊥x轴于点D,∠BAO+∠ABO=90°,∠BAO+∠CAD=90°,∵∴∠ABO=∠CAD,,∴△OAB∽△DAC.∴===,∵OB=4,OA=2,∴AD=2,CD=1,∴点C坐标是(4,1).(2)S△ABC=AB•AC=×2×=5.∵2S△ABM=S△ABC,∴S△ABM=.∵M(1,m),∴点M在直线x=1上;令直线x=1与线段AB交于点E,ME=m﹣2;如图2,分别过点A、B作直线x=1的垂线,垂足分别是点F、G,∴AF+BG=OA=2;∴S△ABM=S△BME+S△AME=ME•BG+ME•AF=ME(BG+AF)=ME•OA=×2×ME=,∴ME=,m﹣2=,m=,∴M(1,).22.(10分)为了响应上海市市政府“绿色出行”的号召,减轻校门口道路拥堵的现状,王强决定改父母开车接送为自己骑车上学.已知他家离学校千米,上下班高峰时段,驾车的平均速度比自行车平均速度快15千米/小时,骑自行车所用时间比驾车所用时间多小时,求自行车的平均速度?【解答】解:设自行车的平均速度是x千米/时.根据题意,列方程得﹣=,解得:x1=15,x2=﹣30.经检验,x1=15是原方程的根,且符合题意,x2=﹣30不符合题意舍去.答:自行车的平均速度是15千米/时.23.(12分)如图,已知在△ABC中,∠BAC=2∠C,∠BAC的平分线AE与∠ABC的平分线BD相交于点F,FG∥AC,联结DG.(1)求证:BF•BC=AB•BD;(2)求证:四边形ADGF是菱形.【解答】证明:(1)∵AE平分∠BAC,∴∠BAC=2∠BAF=2∠EAC.∵∠BAC=2∠C,∴∠BAF=∠C=∠EAC.又∵BD平分∠ABC,∴∠ABD=∠DBC.∵∠ABF=∠C,∠ABD=∠DBC,∴△ABF∽△CBD.…………………………………………………(1分)∴.………………………………………………………(1分)∴BF•BC=AB•B D.………………………………………………(1分)(2)∵FG∥AC,∴∠C=∠FGB,∴∠FGB=∠FAB.………………(1分)∵∠BAF=∠BGF,∠ABD=∠GBD,BF=BF,∴△ABF≌△GBF.∴AF=FG,BA=BG.…………………………(1分)∵BA=BG,∠ABD=∠GBD,BD=BD,∴△ABD≌△GBD.∴∠BAD=∠BGD.……………………………(1分)∵∠BAD=2∠C,∴∠BGD=2∠C,∴∠GDC=∠C,∴∠GDC=∠EAC,∴AF∥DG.……………………………………(1分)又∵FG∥AC,∴四边形ADGF是平行四边形.……………………(1分)∴AF=FG.……………………………………………………………(1分)∴四边形ADGF是菱形.……………………………………………(1分)24.(12分)如图,已知在平面直角坐标系xOy中,抛物线y=ax2﹣2x+c与x 轴交于点A和点B(1,0),与y轴相交于点C(0,3).(1)求抛物线的解析式和顶点D的坐标;(2)求证:∠DAB=∠ACB;(3)点Q在抛物线上,且△ADQ是以AD为底的等腰三角形,求Q点的坐标.【解答】解:(1)把B(1,0)和C(0,3)代入y=ax2﹣2x+c中,得,解得,∴抛物线的解析式是:y=﹣x2﹣2x+3,∵y=﹣x2﹣2x+3=﹣(x+1)2+4,∴顶点坐标D(﹣1,4);(2)令y=0,则﹣x2﹣2x+3=0,解得x1=﹣3,x2=1,∴A(﹣3,0),∴OA=OC=3,∴∠CAO=∠OCA,在Rt△BOC中,tan∠OCB==,∵AC==3,DC==,AD==2,∴AC2+DC2=20=AD2;∴△ACD是直角三角形且∠ACD=90°,∴tan∠DAC===,又∵∠DAC和∠OCB都是锐角,∴∠DAC=∠OCB,∴∠DAC+∠CAO=∠BCO+∠OCA,即∠DAB=∠ACB;(3)令Q(x,y)且满足y=﹣x2﹣2x+3,A(﹣3,0),D(﹣1,4),∵△ADQ是以AD为底的等腰三角形,∴QD2=QA2,即(x+3)2+y2=(x+1)2+(y﹣4)2,化简得:x﹣2+2y=0,由,解得,.∴点Q的坐标是(,),(,).25.(14分)如图,已知在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=6,BC=8,点F在线段AB上,以点B为圆心,BF为半径的圆交BC于点E,射线AE交圆B于点D(点D、E不重合).(1)如果设BF=x,EF=y,求y与x之间的函数关系式,并写出它的定义域;(2)如果=2,求ED的长;(3)联结CD、BD,请判断四边形ABDC是否为直角梯形?说明理由.【解答】解:(1)在Rt△ABC中,AC=6,BC=8,∠ACB=90°∴AB=10,如图1,过E作EH⊥AB于H,在Rt△ABC中,sinB=,cosB=在Rt△BEH中,BE=BF=x,∴EH=x,EH=x,∴FH=x,在Rt△EHF中,EF2=EH2+FH2=(x)2+(x)2=x2,∴y=x(0<x<8)(2)如图2,取的中点P,联结BP交ED于点G∵=2,P是的中点,EP=EF=PD.∴∠FBE=∠EBP=∠PBD.∵EP=EF,BP过圆心,∴BG⊥ED,ED=2EG=2DG,又∵∠CEA=∠DEB,∴∠CAE=∠EBP=∠ABC,又∵BE是公共边,∴△BEH≌△BEG.∴EH=EG=GD=x.在Rt△CEA中,∵AC=6,BC=8,tan∠CAE=tan∠ABC=,∴CE=AC•tan∠CAE==∴BE=8﹣=∴ED=2EG=x=,(3)四边形ABDC不可能为直角梯形,①当CD∥AB时,如图3,如果四边形ABDC是直角梯形,只可能∠ABD=∠CDB=90°.在Rt△CBD中,∵BC=8.∴CD=BC•cos∠BCD=,BD=BC•sin∠BCD==BE.∴=,;∴.∴CD不平行于AB,与CD∥AB矛盾.∴四边形ABDC不可能为直角梯形,②当AC∥BD时,如图4,如果四边形ABDC是直角梯形,只可能∠ACD=∠CDB=90°.∵AC∥BD,∠ACB=90°,∴∠ACB=∠CBD=90°.∴∠ABD=∠ACB+∠BCD>90o.与∠ACD=∠CDB=90°矛盾.∴四边形ABDC不可能为直角梯形.即:四边形ABDC不可能是直角梯形。
上海市各区2018届九年级中考二模数学试卷精选汇编 填空题专题宝山区、嘉定区二、填空题(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分) 7.计算:=4 ▲ .8.一种细菌的半径是00000419.0米,用科学记数法把它表示为 ▲ 米. 9. 因式分解:=-x x 42 ▲ .10.不等式组⎩⎨⎧>+≤-063,01x x 的解集是 ▲ .11.在一个不透明的布袋中装有2个白球、8个红球和5个黄球,这些球除了颜色不同之外,其余均相同.如果从中随机摸出一个球,摸到黄球的概率是 ▲ . 12.方程23=+x 的根是 ▲ .13.近视眼镜的度数y (度)与镜片焦距x (米)呈反比例,其函数关系式为xy 120=.如果近似眼镜镜片的焦距3.0=x 米,那么近视眼镜的度数y 为 ▲ . 14.数据1、2、3、3、6的方差是 ▲ .15.在△ABC 中,点D 是边BC 的中点,a AB =,b AC =,那么= ▲ (用a 、b 表示). 16.如图1,在矩形ABCD 中,点E 在边CD 上,点F 在对角线BD 上,5:2:=DE DF ,BD EF ⊥,那么=∠ADB tan ▲ .17.如图2,点A 、B 、C 在圆O 上,弦AC 与半径OB 互相平分,那么AOC ∠度数为 ▲ 度. 18.如图3,在△ABC 中,5==AC AB ,6=BC ,点D 在边AB 上,且︒=∠90BDC .如果△ACD 绕点A 顺时针旋转,使点C 与点B 重合,点D 旋转至点1D ,那么线段1DD 的长为 ▲ .图2A BCD图3图17. 2 8. 64.1910-⨯ 9. (4)x x - 10. 21x -<≤11. 13 12. 1x = 13. 400 14. 2.8 15. 2a b +r r16. 2 17. 120° 18. 4225长宁区二、填空题(本大题共12题, 每题4分, 满分48分) 【在答题纸相应题号后的空格内直接填写答案】 7. 计算:=--︒0)3(30sin ▲ . 8. 方程6+=-x x 的解是 ▲ .9. 不等式组⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥-<+-1)12(303x x 的解集是 ▲ .10.已知反比例函数xky =的图像经过点(-2017,2018),当0>x 时,函数值y 随 自变量x 的值增大而 ▲ .(填“增大”或“减小”)11.若关于x 的方程032=--m x x 有两个相等的实数根,则m 的值是 ▲ . 12.在形状为等腰三角形、圆、矩形、菱形、直角梯形的5张纸片中随机抽取一张,抽到中心对称图形的概率是 ▲ .13.抛物线522++=mx mx y 的对称轴是直线 ▲ . 14.小明统计了家里3月份的电话通话清单,按通话时间画出频数分布直方图(如图所示),则通话时间不足10分钟的 通话次数的频率是 ▲ .15.如图,在四边形ABCD 中,点E 、F 分别是边AB 、AD 的中点,BC =15,CD =9,EF =6,∠AFE =50°,则∠ADC 的度数为 ▲ .16.如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AB //CD ,∠C=90°,BC =CD =4,52=AD ,第14题图ABCDE F第15题图若=,=,用、表示=DB ▲ . 17.如果一个三角形有一条边上的高等于这条边的一半,那么我们把这个三角形叫做半高三角形.已知直角三角形ABC 是半高三角形,且斜边5=AB ,则它的周长等于 ▲ . 18.如图,在矩形ABCD 中,对角线BD 的长为1,点P 是线段BD上的一点,联结CP ,将△BCP 沿着直线CP 翻折,若点B 落在 边AD 上的点E 处,且EP //AB ,则AB 的长等于 ▲ .二.填空题:(本大题共12题,满分48分) 7.21-; 8.2-=x ; 9.3>x ; 10.增大; 11.43-=m ; 12.53; 13.1-=x ;14.7.0;15.︒140; 16.→→-a b 21; 17.255或535++; 18.215-.崇明区二、填空题(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分) 7.因式分解:29x -= ▲ .8.不等式组1023x x x -<⎧⎨+>⎩的解集是 ▲ .9.函数12y x =-的定义域是 ▲ . 1013x +=的解是 ▲ .11.已知袋子中的球除颜色外均相同,其中红球有3个,如果从中随机摸得1个红球的概率为18,那么袋子中共有 ▲ 个球.12.如果关于x 的方程240x x k +-=有两个相等的实数根,那么实数k 的值是 ▲ . 13.如果将抛物线221y x x =+-向上平移,使它经过点(1,3)A ,那么所得新抛物线的表达式是▲ .14.某校组织了主题为“共建生态岛”的电子小报作品征集活动,先从中随机抽取了部分作品,按,,,A B C D 四个等级进行评分,然后根据统计结果绘制了如下两幅不完整第16题图D CBA 第18题图AB CD的统计图,那么此次抽取的作品中等级为B 的作品数为 ▲ .15.已知梯形ABCD ,AD BC ∥,2BC AD =,如果AB a =,AC b =,那么DA = ▲ . (用,a b 表示).16.如图,正六边形ABCDEF 的顶点B 、C 分别在正方形AGHI 的边AG 、GH 上,如果4AB =,那么CH 的长为 ▲ .17.在矩形ABCD 中,5AB =,12BC =,点E 是边AB 上一点(不与A 、B 重合),以点A 为圆心,AE 为半径作A ⊙,如果C ⊙与A ⊙外切,那么C ⊙的半径r 的取值范围是 ▲ .18.如图,ABC △中,90BAC ∠=︒,6AB =,8AC =,点D 是BC 的中点,将ABD △沿AD 翻折得到AED △,联结CE ,那么线段CE 的长等于 ▲ .二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7.(3)(3)x x +-; 8.31x -<<; 9.2x ≠; 10.8x =; 11.24; 12.4-; 13.22y x x =+; 14.48; 15.1122a b -; 16.623-; 17.813r <<; 18.145. 奉贤区 7.计算:=-aa 211 . 8.如果822=-b a ,且4=+b a ,那么b a -的值是 . 9.方程242=-x 的根是 . 10.已知反比例函数)0(≠=k xky ,在其图像所在的每个象限内,y 的值随x 的值增大而减 小,那么它的图像所在的象限是第 象限.(第16题图)HDCIFBAGE (第18题图)DCBAE11.如果将抛物线22y x =平移,使平移后的抛物线顶点坐标为(1,2),那么所得新抛物线的表达式是 .12.将6本相同厚度的书叠起来,它们的高度是9厘米.如果将这样相同厚度的书叠起来的高度是42厘米,那么这些书有 本.13.从1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8这八个数中,任意抽取一个数,这个数恰好是合数的概率是.14.某校为了了解学生双休日参加社会实践活动的情况,随机抽取了100名学生进行调查,并绘成如图3所示的频数分布直方图.已知该校共有1000名学生,据此估计,该校双休日参加社会实践活动时间在2~2.5小时之间的学生数大约是全体学生数的 (填百分数) . 15.如图4,在梯形ABCD 中,AD //BC ,BC=2AD ,E 、F 分别是边AD 、BC 的中点,设=, =,那么等于 (结果用、的线性组合表示). 16.如果一个矩形的面积是40,两条对角线夹角的正切值是34,那么它的一条对角线长是 . 17.已知正方形ABCD ,AB =1,分别以点A 、C 为圆心画圆,如果点B 在圆A 外,且圆A与圆C 外切,那么圆C 的半径长r 的取值范围是 .18.如图5,将△ABC 的边AB 绕着点A 顺时针旋转)900(︒<<︒αα得到AB ’,边AC 绕着点A 逆时针旋转)900(︒<<︒ββ得到AC ’,联结B ′C ′.当︒=+90βα时,我们称△A B ′C ′ 是△ABC 的“双旋三角形”.如果等边△ABC 的边长为a ,那么它的“双旋三角形”的面积是 (用含a 的代数式表示).二、填空题: 7、12a ; 8、2; 9、4; 10、一三; 11、22(1)2y x =-+; 12、28; 13、38; 14、28%; 15、12a b +; 16、10; 171r << 18、214a黄浦区 7= . 图4A B DFE C图3人数 BC图5AB ′C ′8.因式分解:212x x --= . 9.方程1x +=的解是 .10.不等式组12031302x x ⎧->⎪⎪⎨⎪-≤⎪⎩的解集是 .11.已知点P 位于第三象限内,且点P 到两坐标轴的距离分别为2和4,若反比例函数图像经过点P ,则该反比例函数的解析式为 .12.如果一次函数的图像经过第一、二、四象限,那么其函数值y 随自变量x 的值的增大而 . (填“增大”或“减小”)13.女生小琳所在班级共有40名学生,其中女生占60%.现学校组织部分女生去市三女中参观,需要从小琳所在班级的女生当中随机抽取一名女生参加,那么小琳被抽到的概率是 . 14.已知平行四边形相邻两个内角相差40°,则该平行四边形中较小内角的度数是 . 15.半径为1的圆的内接正三角形的边长为 .16.如图,点D 、E 分别为△ABC 边CA 、CB 上的点,已知DE ∥AB ,且DE 经过△ABC 的重心,设CA a =, CB b =,则DE = .(用a 、b 表示)17.如图,在四边形ABCD 中,902624ABC ADC AC BD ∠=∠=︒==,,,M 、N 分别是AC 、BD 的中点,则线段MN 的长为 .18.如图,将矩形ABCD 沿对角线AC 折叠,使点B 翻折到点E 处,如果DE ∶AC =1∶3,那么AD ∶AB = .二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)71; 8.()()34x x +-; 9.2; 10.166x <≤; 11.8y x =; 12.减小; 13.124; 14.70;1516.2233b a -.; 17.5; 181. 金山区7.因式分解:2a a -= ▲ . 8.函数y =的定义域是 ▲ .9.方程21xx =-的解是 ▲ . 10.一次函数2y x =-+的图像不经过第 ▲ 象限.11.有一枚材质均匀的正方体骰子,它的六个面上分别有1点、2点、…、6点的标记,掷这枚骰子,向上一面出现的点数是素数的概率是 ▲ . 12.如果关于x 的一元二次方程240x x k -+=有两个不相等的实数根,那么k 的取值范围是 ▲ .13.如果梯形的中位线长为6,一条底边长为8,那么另一条底边长等于 ▲ . 14.空气质量指数,简称AQI ,如果AQI 在0~50空 气质量类别为优,在51~100空气质量类别为良, 在101~150空气质量类别为轻度污染,按照某市最 近一段时间的AQI 画出的频数分布直方图如图3 所示,已知每天的AQI 都是整数,那么空气质量 类别为优和良的天数占总天数的百分比为 ▲ %. 15.一辆汽车在坡度为1:2.4的斜坡上向上行驶130米,那么这辆汽车的高度上升了 ▲ 米.16.如果一个正多边形的中心角等于30°,那么这个正多边形的边数是 ▲ . 17.如果两圆的半径之比为3:2,当这两圆内切时圆心距为3,那么当这两圆相交时,圆心距d 的的取值范围是 ▲ .18.如图4,Rt △ABC 中,∠C =90°,AC =6,BC =8,D 是AB 的中点,P 是直线BC 上一点,把△BDP 沿PD 所在的直线翻折后,点B 落在点Q 处,如果QD ⊥BC , 那么点P 和点B 间的距离等于 ▲ .10 14 6 天数图350.5 100.5 150.5图4二.填空题:(本大题共12题,满分48分)7.()1a a -; 8.2x ≥; 9.2x =; 10.三; 11.12; 12.4k <; 13.4; 14.80; 15.50; 16.12; 17.3d 15<<; 18.52或10.静安区二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分) 【在答题纸相应题号后的空格内直接填写答案】 7.32)2(a a ⋅ = ▲ .8.分解因式:=+-xy y x 4)(2 ▲ .9.方程组⎩⎨⎧=-=+62,3x y y x 的解是 ▲ .10.如果4-x x 有意义,那么x 的取值范围是 ▲ .11.如果函数xa y 12--=(a 为常数)的图像上有两点),1(1y 、),31(2y ,那么函数值1y ▲ 2y .(填“<”、“=”或“>”) 12.为了解植物园内某种花卉的生长情况,在一片约有3000株此类花卉的园地内,随机抽测了200株的高度作为样本,统计结果整理后列表如下:(每组数据可包括最低值,不包括最高值)试估计该园地内此类花卉高度小于55厘米且不小于45厘米的约为 ▲ 株.13.从1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9中任取一个数,这个数即是奇数又是素数的概率是 ▲ .14.如图,在△ABC 中,点G 是重心,过点G 作DE ∥BC ,分别交AB 、AC 于点D 、E .已知b CB a AB ==, ,那么AE = ▲ .(用向量表示). 15.如图,已知⊙O 中,直径AB 平分弦CD ,且交CD 于点E , 如果OE =BE ,那么弦CD 所对的圆心角是 ▲ 度.16.已知正多边形的边长为a ,且它的一个外角是其内角的一半,那么此正多边形的边心距是 ▲ .(用含字母a 的代数式表示). 17.在平面直角坐标系中,如果对任意一点(a ,b ),规定两种变换:),(),(b a b a f --=,),(),(a b b a g -=,那么[]=-)2,1(f g ▲ .ABE DCG·第14题图第15题图18.等腰△ABC 中,AB =AC ,它的外接圆⊙O 半径为1,如果线段OB 绕点O 旋转90°后可与线段OC 重合,那么∠ABC 的余切值是 ▲ .7、54a . 8、2)(y x +. 9、⎩⎨⎧=-=41y x . 10、x > 4. 11、>. 12、960.13、31. 14、3232-. 15、120. 16、a 23. 17、(2,1). 18、12±. 闵行区二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分) 7.计算:21+2-= ▲ .8.在实数范围内分解因式:243x -= ▲ . 91=的解是 ▲ .10.已知关于x 的方程230x x m --=没有实数根,那么m 的取值范围是 ▲ .11.已知直线(0)y kx b k =+≠与直线13y x =-平行,且截距为5,那么这条直线的解析式为 ▲ .12.一个十字路口的交通信号灯每分钟红灯亮30秒,绿灯亮25秒,黄灯亮5秒,当小杰过马路时,恰巧是绿灯的概率是 ▲ .13.已知一个40个数据的样本,把它分成6组,第一组到第四组的频数分别是10、5、7、6,第五组的频率是0.1,那么第六组的频数是 ▲ .14.如图,已知在矩形ABCD 中,点E 在边AD 上,且AE = 2ED .设B A a =u u r r ,BC b =uu u r r,那么CE =uu u r ▲ (用a r 、b r的式子表示). 15.如果二次函数2111y a x b x c =++(10a ≠,1a 、1b 、1c 是常数)与2222y a x b x c =++(20a ≠,2a 、2b 、2c 是常数)满足1a 与2a 互为相反数,1b 与2b 相等,1c 与2c 互为倒数,那么称这两个函数为“亚旋转函数”.请直接写出函数232y x x =-+-的“亚旋转函数”为 ▲ .16.如果正n 边形的中心角为2α,边长为5,那么它的边心距为 ▲ .(用锐角α的三角比表示) 17.如图,一辆小汽车在公路l 上由东向西行驶,已知测速探头M 到公路l 的距离MN 为9米,测得此车从点A 行驶到点B 所用的时间为0.6秒,并测得点A 的俯角为30o ,点B 的俯角为60o .那么此车从A 到B 的平均速度为 ▲ 米/秒.1.7321.414) 18.在直角梯形ABCD 中,AB // CD ,∠DAB = 90o,AB = 12,DC = 7,5cos 13ABC ∠=,点E 在线段AD 上,将△ABE 沿BE 翻折,点A 恰巧落在对角线BD 上点P 处,那么PD = ▲ .ADED CM二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7.5; 8.2x x (; 9.1x =; 10.94m <-; 11.153y x =-+;12.512; 13.8; 14.13a b -r r ; 15.2132y x x =+-; 16.5cot 2α(或52tan α);17.17.3; 18.12212-. 普陀区7.计算:xy x 3122⋅= ▲ . 8.方程32x x =+的根是 ▲ .9.大型纪录片《厉害了,我的国》上映25天,累计票房约为402700000元,成为中国纪录电影票房冠军.402700000用科学记数法表示是 ▲ .10.用换元法解方程312122=+-+x x x x 时,如果设y xx =+21,那么原方程化成以y 为“元”的方程是 ▲ . 11.已知正比例函数的图像经过点M (2-)、),(11y x A 、),(22y x B ,如果21x x <,那么1y ▲ 2y .(填“>”、“=”、“<”)12.已知二次函数的图像开口向上,且经过原点,试写出一个符合上述条件的二次函数的解析式: ▲ .(只需写出一个)13.如果一个多边形的内角和是720,那么这个多边形的边有 ▲ 条.14.如果将“概率”的英文单词 probability 中的11个字母分别写在11张相同的卡片上,字面朝下随意放在桌子上,任取一张,那么取到字母b 的概率是 ▲ .15.2018年春节期间,反季游成为出境游的热门,中国游客青睐的目的地仍主要集中在温暖的东南亚地区.据调查发现2018年春节期间出境游约有700万人,游客目的地分布情况的扇形图如图3所示,从中可知出境游东南亚 地区的游客约有 ▲ 万人.16. 如图4,在梯形ABCD 中,BC AD //,AD BC 3=,点E 、F 分别是边AB 、CD 的中点.设a AD =,b DC =,那么向量EC 用向量、表示是 ▲ .A东南亚欧美澳新16%港澳台 15%韩日11%其他13% 图317. 如图5,矩形ABCD 中,如果以AB 为直径的⊙O 沿着BC 滚动一周,点B 恰好与点C 重合,那么ABBC的值等于 ▲ .(结果保留两位小数)18. 如图6,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,△ABC 的顶点A 、C 在坐标轴上,点B 的坐标是(22).将△ABC 沿x 轴向左平移得到△111A B C ,点1B 落在函数6y x =-的图像上.如果此时四边形11AA C C 的面积等于552,那么点1C 的坐标是 ▲ .二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)青浦区7.计算:32()=a a ÷- ▲ . 8.因式分解:24=a a - ▲ . 9.函数=3y x +的定义域是 ▲ .010.不等式组1020.x x +≥⎧⎨->⎩,的整数解是 ▲ .11.关于x 的方程=2(1)ax x a +≠的解是 ▲ . 12.抛物线2(3)+1y x =-的顶点坐标是 ▲ .13.掷一枚材质均匀的骰子,掷得的点数为合数的概率是 ▲ .14.如果点1P (2,1y )、2P (3,2y )在抛物线2+2y x x =-上,那么1y ▲ 2y .(填“>”、 “<”或 “=”) 15.如图2,已知在平行四边形ABCD 中,E 是边AB 的中点,F 在边AD 上,且AF ︰FD=2︰1,如果AB a =,BC b =,那么EF = ▲ .7.323x y ; 8. 3x =; 9. 810027.4⨯ ; 10. 32=-yy ; 11.>;12. 2y x =等;13.6; 14.112; 15.315; 16.b a212+;17.3.14;18.(5-211). yxO ABC图 6ABCDE F图 4BCDO A 图516.如图3,如果两个相似多边形任意一组对应顶点P 、P '所在的直线都经过同一点O ,且有(0)OP k OP k '=⋅≠,那么我们把这样的两个多边形叫位似多边形,点O 叫做位似中心.已知ABC ∆与A B C '''∆是关于点O 的位似三角形,3OA OA '=,则ABC ∆与A B C '''∆的周长之比是 ▲ .17.如图4,在△ABC 中,BC=7,AC=tan 1C =,点P 为AB 边上一动点(点P 不与点B 重合),以点P为圆心,PB 为半径画圆,如果点C 在圆外,那么PB 的取值范围是 ▲ . 18.已知,在Rt △ABC 中,∠C =90°,AC =9, BC =12,点D 、E 分别在边AC 、BC 上,且CD ︰CE =3︰4.将△CDE 绕点D 顺时针旋转,当点C 落在线段DE 上的点F 处时,BF恰好是∠ABC 的平分线,此时线段CD 的长是 ▲ .二、填空题:7.a ; 8.()4-a a ; 9.3≥-x ; 10.101、、-; 11. 21-a ; 12.(3,1); 13.13; 14.>; 15.2132-b a ; 16.1︰3; 17.3508<<PB ; 18.6.松江区7.因式分解:34a a - = ▲ . 8x =的根是 ▲ . 9.函数32x y x-=的定义域是 ▲ . 10.已知方程240x x m -+=有两个不相等的实数根,则m 的取值范围是 ▲ . 11.把抛物线22y x =-向左平移1个单位,则平移后抛物线的表达式为 ▲ . 12.函数y kx b =+的图像如图所示,则当0y <时,x 的取值范围是 ▲ .13.一枚质地均匀的正方体骰子的六个面上分别刻有1到6的点数,随机投掷这枚骰子,那么向上一面的点数为合数的概率是 ▲ .14.某区有4000名学生参加学业水平测试,从中随机抽取500名,对测试成绩进行了统计,统计结果见下表:那么根据上述数据可以估计该区这次参加学业水平测试成绩小于60分的有 ▲ 人.图3 ABCDE F图2图4POP'15. 如图,在△ABC 中,D 是AB 的中点,E 是AC 上一点,且AE =2EC ,如果AB a =uu u r r ,AC b =u u u r r ,那么DE u u u r=▲ .(用a r 、b r表示).16.一个正n 边形的一个内角等于它的中心角的2倍,则n =▲ .17.平面直角坐标系xoy 中,若抛物线2y ax =上的两点A 、B 满足OA =OB ,且1tan 2OAB ∠=,则称线段AB 为该抛物线的通径.那么抛物线212y x =的通径长为 ▲ . 18.如图,已知平行四边形ABCD 中,AC =BC ,∠ACB =45°,将三角形ABC 沿着AC 翻折,点B 落在点E 处,联结DE ,那么DEAC的值为 ▲ . 二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7. (2)(2)a a a +-; 8. 2x =; 9. 0x ≠; 10. 4m <; 11.22(1)y x =-+;12. 1x <-; 13. 13; 14. 120; 15. 1223a b -+r r ;21 .徐汇区 7. 函数12y x =-的定义域是 8. 在实数范围内分解因式:22x y y -= 9.2=的解是 10. 不等式组2672x x -≥⎧⎨+>-⎩的解集是11. 已知点1(,)A a y 、2(,)B b y 在反比例函数3y x=的图像上,如果0a b <<,那么1y 与2y 的大小关系是1y 2y12. 抛物线2242y x x =+-的顶点坐标是ACDE (第15题图)B(第12题图)(第18题图)A DC13. 四张背面完全相同的卡片上分别写有0.3227四个实数,如果将卡片字面 朝下随意放在桌子上,任意取一张,那么抽到有理数的概率为14. 在ABC ∆中,点D 在边BC 上,且:1:2BD DC =,如果设AB a =,AC b =,那么BD 等于 (结果用a 、b 的线性组合表示)15. 如图,为了解全校300名男生的身高情况,随机抽取若干男生进行身高测量,将所得数据(精确到1cm )整理画出频数分布直方图(每组数据含最低值,不含最高值),估计该校男生的身高在170cm ~175cm 之间的人数约有 人16. 已知两圆相切,它们的圆心距为3,一个圆的半径是4,那么另一个圆的半径是17. 从三角形(非等腰三角形)一个顶点引出一条射线与对边相交,该顶点与该交点间的线段把这个三角形分割成两个小三角形,如果其中一个小三角形是等腰三角形,另一个与原三角形相似,那么我们把这条线段叫做这个三角形的完美分割线,如图,在ABC ∆中,1DB =,2BC =,CD 是ABC ∆的完美分割线,且ACD∆是以CD 为底边的等腰三角形,则CD 的长为18. 如图,在Rt ABC ∆中,90C ∠=︒,5AB =,3BC =,点P 、Q 分别在边BC 、AC 上,PQ ∥AB ,把PCQ ∆绕点P 旋转得到PDE ∆(点C 、Q 分别与点D 、E 对应),点D 落在线段PQ 上,若AD 平分BAC ∠,则CP 的长为 二. 填空题7. 2x ≠ 8. (2)(2)y x x 9. 7x = 10. 93x -<≤-11. > 12. (1,4)-- 13. 34 14. 1133b a -r r15. 72 16. 1或7 17. 3218. 2 杨浦区二、填空题(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分) 【请将结果直接填入答题纸的相应位置上】 7、计算: 8、当时,化简:=9、函数中,自变量x的取值范围是10、如果反比例函数的图像经过点的值等于11、三人中至少有两人性别相同的概率是12、25位同学10秒钟跳绳的成绩汇总如下表:人数 1 2 3 4 5 10那么跳绳次数的中位数是13、李明早上骑自行车上学,中途因道路施工推车步行了一段路,到学校共用时15分钟,如果他骑自行车的平均速度是每分钟250米,推车步行的平均速度是每分钟80米,他家离学校的路程是2900米,设他推车步行的时间为x分钟,那么可列出的方程是14、四边形ABCD中,向量=15、若正n边形的内角和为1400,则边数n为16、如图3,△ABC中,∠A=800,∠B=400,BC的垂直平分线交AB于点D,联结DC,如果AD=2,BD=6那么△ADC的周长为17、如图4,正△ABC的边长为2,点A、B的半径为的圆上,点C在圆内,将正△ABC绕点A逆时针旋转,当点C第一次落在圆上时,旋转角的正切值是18、当关于X的一元二次方程有实数根,且其中一个根为另一个根的2倍时,称之为“倍根方程”,如果关于X的一元二次方程是“倍根方程”,那么m的值为。
2018年初三二模语文试题一、文言文(40分)(一)默写(15分)1. ,芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。
(《黄鹤楼》)2.雨前初见花间蕊,。
(《雨晴》)3.东边日出西边雨,。
(《竹枝词》)4. ,皆叹惋。
(《桃花源记》)5.无丝竹之乱耳,。
(《陋室铭》)(二)阅读下面作品,完成第6-7题(4分)如梦令昨夜雨疏风骤,浓睡不消残酒。
试问卷帘人,却道海棠依旧。
知否,知否?应是绿肥红瘦。
6.词中“试问卷帘人”的“试”字表达了作者_______心理。
(2分)7.以下与“知否,知否?应是绿肥红瘦”不同,没有使用....设问手法的一项是()(2分)A.卖炭得钱何所营?身上衣裳口中食。
B.岱宗夫如何?齐鲁青未了。
C.自送别,心难舍,一点相思几时绝?凭阑袖拂杨花雪。
D.天下事有难易乎?为之,则难者亦易矣;不为,则易者亦难矣。
(三)阅读下文,完成8--10题(9分)曹刿论战(节选)公与之乘。
战于长勺。
公将鼓之。
刿曰:“未可。
”齐人三鼓,刿曰:“可矣。
”齐师败绩,公将驰之。
刿曰:“未可。
”下视其辙,登轼而望之,曰:“可矣。
”遂逐齐师。
既克,公问其故。
对曰:“夫战,勇气也。
一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭;彼竭我盈,故克之。
夫大国,难测也,惧有伏焉;吾视其辙乱,望其旗靡,故逐之。
”8.《曹刿论战》选自《________》,此书相传是_________(朝代)左丘明所作。
(2分)9.用现代汉语翻译文中画线句。
(3分)10.(四)阅读下文,完成第11—13题(12分)明帝说日晋明帝①数岁,坐元帝膝上。
有人从长安来,元帝问洛下②消息,潸然流涕。
明帝问:“何以致泣?”,具.以东渡意③告之。
因问明帝:“汝意谓长安何如日远?”答曰:“日远。
不闻人从日边来,居然④可知。
”元帝异之。
明日,集群臣宴会,告以此意,更重问之。
乃答曰:“日近。
”元帝失色,曰:“尔何故异昨日之言邪?”答曰:“举目见日,不见长安。
”【注释】①晋明帝:晋元帝长子司马绍,长大继位后为明帝。
2018年上海市普陀区中考英语二模试卷一、Listening comprehension (听力理解)(共30 分)1.(6分)1.2.3.4.5.6.2.(1分)A.By car.B.By underground.C.By bus.D.By bike.3.(1分)A.A cook.B.A doctor.C.An engineer.D.An actor.4.(1分)A.The dirty streets.B.The busy city life.C.The bad weather.D.The poor bus services.5.(1分)A.Mother and son.B.Husband and wife.C.Teacher and student.D.Customer and clerk.6.(1分)A.Nice trips.B.Favourite sports.C.Public places.D.Healthy drinks.7.(1分)A.At the restaurant.B.At the library.C.At the supermarket.D.At the post office.8.(1分)A.See a film.B.Make a pizza.C.Read a book.D.Finish a book review.9.(1分)A.Tim went to the library to have a talk with Moly.B.Moly missed the art lessons in the afternoon.C.The monitor organized a discussion about the spring outing.D.The two speakers had a meeting on the art projects.10.(6分)(1)Sara used to buy lottery tickets (彩票)and could always win some money.(2)Once Sara won ¥55million and was suddenly known by many people.(3)Over 200people sent Sara e﹣mails to ask for suggestions about how to win lottery tickets.(4)Sara moved to another town in order to keep away from the news reporters.(5)Sara set up a group to help poor students start their business after college.(6)Sara is famous because she has done some good things with the money she has.11.(10分)(1)Two robbers entered a hotel on the night of a Monday.(2)The robbers took the money from the hotel's safe and.(3)Then the robbers went into a and robbed some money there.(4)The robbers were both wearing and blue jeans.(5)The hotel staff and the repairman(修理工)said the robbers were.二、Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案)(共20分)12.(1分)Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?()A.This tea table is for sale.B.Mark will plan for a trip to Hong Kong.C.Where's my school bag?D.We usually have some noodles for lunch.13.(1分)Many schools provide free lessons for students to play ________ football in the afternoon.()A.the B./ C.a D.an14.(1分)The manager was angry ________ Morris because he sent e﹣mails to the wrong customer again.()A.at B.to C.with D.from15.(1分)We should work hard and do ________ best to realize our dreams()A.us B.our C.ours D.ourselves16.(1分)Turn the heat down,_______ the food in the pot will burn.()A.and B.so C.but D.or17.(1分)﹣Which pair of jeans do you prefer,the one with the blue belt or the one with the red belt?﹣________.I like the one with the brown belt.()A.Both B.All C.None D.Neither18.(1分)Have ________ try and maybe you will find a proper solution.()A.another B.the other C.other D.others19.(1分)The first snow came _______ than usual in our hometown this year.()A.early B.earlier C.earliest D.the easiest20.(1分)Jill likes her new neighborhood because most people here greet others with a ______ smile.()A.lovely B.happily C.politely D.beautifully21.(1分)The company didn't stop improving this new machine ________ it worked well.()A.if B.unless C.until D.after22.(1分)We wondered if Judy ________ to Australia next week for business.()A.flies B.had flown C.has flown D.would fly23.(1分)Many leaders ________ to attend the Closing Ceremony(闭幕式)of Winter Olympics in February,2018.()A.be invited B.were invitedC.will be invited D.have been invited24.(1分)All the members of the team hope ________ a wonderful result of the project.()A.had B.have C.to have D.having25.(1分)The girl practiced ________ the piano for three hours every day to win the contest.()A.play B.plays C.to play D.playing26.(1分)Rose and Minnie ________ each other pretty well before they worked in the same bank.()A.knows B.know C.have known D.had known27.(1分)Kevin ________ in his room when the big fire broke out.()A.sleep B.slept C.was sleeping D.will sleep28.(1分)﹣________ people are coming to the party?﹣About 40.()A.How many B.How soon C.How far D.How long29.(1分)Wendy________ join our school football team next term,but she is notvery sure.()A.should B.may C.must D.need30.(1分)﹣The sun shines brightly.Why not go out for a walk in the school garden?﹣________()A.Good idea. B.That's all right.C.Not at all.D.Thank you very much.31.(1分)﹣Would you like me to bring you a cup of tea?﹣________()A.Yes,I'd like to.B.It's a pleasure.C.Yes,please.D.It doesn't matter.三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格.每空限填一词,每词只能填一次)(共8分)32.(4分)A.Even if B.familiar C.spare D.In fact E nervous You may not know a lot of people when you start high school.This really makes you feel (1)because you don't know who to talk to when you have problems.(2)you know some freshmen(新生),you still feel worried that you don't know any elder students and teachers.How are you going to make friends with these unknown people?(3),most high schools hold a freshman training before school actually starts.These are helpful because you learn your way around the buildings.You also get to meet some of your teachers and other freshmen.That way,you may already recognize a few(4)faces when you go to school on your first day.33.(4分)A.support B.clubs C.friendships D.expect E.awardsWhen you talk to people in the training camp,you'll probably find that a lot of them are feeling just like you are.They're all new to the school and don't knowwhat to(1).Talking about a common interest with your classmates can help you develop(2).The work in high school sometimes worries freshmen a lot.The work in high school gives you more knowledge of many subjects.So you may find it's a bit more challenging.If you ever find your work too difficult,teachers can (3)you.High school also has more after﹣school activities,such as music and theatre groups,sports teams and(4).This is a good chance to learn how to be more independent.It is also a good time to develop your interests and try new things.四、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子.每空格限填一词)(共8分)34.(1分)Many people buy nice as presents for their friends.(watch)35.(1分)Jessie is learning to cook for though she is only seven years old.(her)36.(1分)The government should be for the food safety to protect citizens.(responsibility)37.(1分)My cousin's flat is on the floor with a good view of the neighbourhood.(ten)38.(1分)High﹣speed train is a great to help people travel easily between big cities.(invent)39.(1分)This new test will doctors to find the disease as early as possible.(able)40.(1分)This is a place to see various birds,but it's still to see such ahuge one here.(usual)41.(1分)Robots will do some jobs in place of workers in the coming years.(possible)五、Complete the following sentences as required (根据所给要求完成句子.)(共14分)42.(2分)The girl baked a nice cake for her mother yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)the girl a nice cake for her mother yesterday?43.(2分)Rony needs 3,000 dollars if he wants to buy the second﹣hand machine.(对划线部分提问)does Rony need if he wants to buy the second﹣hand machine?44.(2分)The kids reviewed the story several times before they gave the performance.(保持句意基本不变)The kids the story several times before they gave the performance.45.(2分)Nancy told us an interesting story yesterday.(改为感叹句)interesting story Nancy told us last night!46.(2分)"Can you book a room in Dragon Hotel on line for me?" Jane asked Peter.(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Jane asked Peter he book a room in Dragon Hotel on line for her.47.(2分)They wash the buses of the company twice a week.(改为被动语态)The buses of the company twice a week.48.(2分)it,solve the problem,to,is,without any help,hard (连词成句).六、Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)(共50分)49.(12分)The university students begin their summer holiday today.They are making their holiday plans.1.Grace wants to take some special pictures with her parents before celebrating her twentieth birthday next week.2.Peter needs to .3.Tom wants to find a part﹣time job at weekends to earn some money for his study.4.Jenny is too fat.She knows it's not good for her health and wants to take more exercise.5.Linda is interested in playing the violin and wants to get someone to teach her face to face.The following are what they have read in today's newspaper.*Greenland Sports GroundOpen next week from 6:20a.m.to 8:30p.m.Price:¥3per hour (¥7per hour for those over 60 )Tel:68886888*City MuseumThere are 120,000pieces on show here.You can see the whole of local history under one roof.There are also lots of mummies and more gold than you've ever seen before.Time:Monday ﹣Friday 9:00a.m.﹣5:00p.m.,Weekends 9:00a.m.﹣9:00p.m.Ticket:¥20 (¥10for students)Tel:23455884*Star Photo shopPhotos for all purposes are taken here with half price for family photos.Time :Monday ﹣Friday 8:30a.m.﹣8:30p.m.,Weekends 9:00a.m.﹣10:00p.m.Price:¥60/set ﹣¥180/setTel:32045302*Scottish dancingTake your partners and get ready to dance till you drop.Scottish dancing is fun and easy to learn.Place:Jack Stein's Time:every Tuesday 7:00p.m.﹣0:00p.m.Price:¥60including one drink Tel:67099868*Part﹣time job offeredDo you want to have a chance to communicate with those who do shopping?If so,you may contact Moonlight Bookshop,for two shop assistants are wanted here.Time :Saturday & Sunday 10:00a.m.﹣8:00p.m.Tel:52310032*Help from a music teacherDo you want to improve your violin skills?Just bring your own instrument to M&D MusicCentre and start to learn at your own speed after a small test.Time:Wednesday & Friday 7:00p.m.﹣8:30p.m.Price:¥40 (¥20for students)Tel:28335661(1)Grace may be interested in the information about.A.Star Photo shopB.Greenland Sports GroundC.Scottish dancingD.Help from a music teacher(2)What can be filled in the "" for Peter if he is interested in City Museum?A.learn about goldB.finish history homeworkC.make a travel planD.know more local people(3)Tom may work as a for a part﹣time job.A.dancerB.teacherC.shop assistantD.violin player(4)Jenny needs to pay per hour if she wants to get more physical exercise.A.¥3B.¥7C.¥10D.¥20(5)Linda needs to if she wants to get a face﹣to﹣face trainer.A.call 67099868to get more informationB.attend lessons at weekendsC.tell the training centre about her levelD.take a small test first(6)The students have probably found the information they need on the page.A.newsB.sportsC.businessD.advertisement50.(12分)When my daughter,Sophie,was admitted to a college we were very happy,but a little worried about becoming empty nesters(空巢老人).I knew I had to do something,starting with the summer before she was away from home.Sophie had a pack of colourful blouses.I knew she wouldn't wear them anymore,so I decided to make a quilt(被子)out of them.I tried to work on the quilt when Sophie (1)﹣which turned out to be often.She was very busy with her friends.Even when she was at home,her door was shut more than usual.This made me feel a bit hurt.(2),we didn't have much timetogether before she went to college.When we arrived at the college,a wave of emotion flooded me.Sophie saw it in my face.She took a beautiful (3)from her bag."I made this for you,Mom," she said.Then I knew why she had been staying behind a (4)door that summer.It was an album of photographs recording the life of our family over the last 17years.I broke into tears.Some of it was sadness at having to let her go,but some of it was (5).I knew that our connection was more(6)than ever as we would always be connected by the strongest link,the love that went into every stitch(针脚)of her quilt and every photo in my album.In Sophie's dormitory room I unfolded the quilt on her bed.For a moment she was speechless.Then she threw her arms around me."Mom,I love you," she said.One of her new friends was calling her outside.Sophie turned,and I let her go.(1)A.felt tired B.went out C.had time D.fell asleep (2)A.By the way B.What's more C.For example D.After all (3)A.model B.dress C.book D.card(4)A.heavy B.broken C.closed D.narrow (5)A.joy B.surprise C.desire D.fear(6)A.important B.powerful C.serious D.difficult51.(14分)When children play games,they don't need a referee(裁判).They have their own rules in playing games.They seldom find it necessary to keep scores because they don't worry about who wins or loses.They even don't (1)c if the game is not finished.Yet,they like games that depend a lot on luck,so thattheir (2)a are not so important.They also enjoy games that move in stages in which they choose leaders and pick up sides.Grown﹣ups (3)r find children's games exciting,and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again.However,it is found that a child plays games for some important(4)r He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person,and he can find himself being a (5)u partner to someone who is more popular in real life.When it is his turn to be the leader,everyone follows his orders.This makes him feel more (6)c.It seems that when children play a game,they (7)i a situation under their control.Unlike real life,in this situation they make the rules themselves,and more importantly,everyone plays according to the rules.Those rules may be childish,but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.52.(12分)Donna Reid had just finished her training as a children's doctor.A famous research hospital in New York had offered her a job with good pay.And her boyfriend,Tony,had a clinic in their hometown and hoped she could work with him.At the same time,a small hospital,Backwoods Hospital,in a very poor area had also offered Donna a position.Now it was time for her to decide where to work.Dad:Donna,that research hospital in New York has a good reputation for children's medicine.Some of the best children's doctors in the country work there and you can learn a lot from them.Mom:Yes,I agree it's a good hospital and the pay is good,too.But,that's not the point.Dad:Then what's the point?Mom:It's in New York,too far away! Let me tell you what,dear Donna.Tony's clinic is just several blocks away.You don't need to travel far if you work there.Tony is a nice young man and I guess you'll get married soon.Dad:Ha! It's hard enough to live with a husband or wife.Working with them,too?That's a choice for trouble.Well,Donna,what do you think?Donna:I'm thinking about accepting the offer from Backwoods Hospital.Dad:But Donna,look at their offer! You'll be on call six days a week,24hours a day.That's really a hard job.Mom:Oh,Donna,the pay is another problem.Donna:It isn't a dead﹣end job,Mom and Dad.But anyway,I didn't.Dad:No?Then why did you become a doctor?Donna:I want to help people.You know that.And Backwoods serves a very poor and needy population.Backwoods,here I come!(1)How many choices did Donna have?.(2)Where did Dad suggest Donna work?.(3)Why did Dad think Donna could learn a lot in the place he suggested?.(4)According to Mom,what was the advantage if Donna worked in Tony's clinic?Donna could.(5)What did the parents worry about when Donna said she wanted to work in Backwoods?.(6)What could be filled in the blank to complete the sentence for Donna?I didn't.七、Writing (作文)(共20分)53.(20分)Write at least 60words on the topic "When I have trouble with my best friend"【以"我与好朋友闹矛盾后"为题,写一篇不少于60词的短文,标点符号不占格】提示:生活中好友间也会因各种原因闹些小矛盾,当你与朋友间产生不愉快后,你会如何处理此类问题呢?请就此话题谈谈你的做法以及这样做的理由,可结合自身经历进行阐述.(注意:短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其他相关信息,否则不予评分.)2018年上海市普陀区中考英语二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、Listening comprehension (听力理解)(共30 分)1.(6分)1.略2.略3.略4.略5.略6.略【解答】略2.(1分)A.By car.B.By underground.C.By bus.D.By bike.【解答】略3.(1分)A.A cook.B.A doctor.C.An engineer.D.An actor.【解答】略4.(1分)A.The dirty streets.B.The busy city life.C.The bad weather.D.The poor bus services.【解答】略5.(1分)A.Mother and son.B.Husband and wife.C.Teacher and student.D.Customer and clerk.【解答】略6.(1分)A.Nice trips.B.Favourite sports.C.Public places.D.Healthy drinks.【解答】略7.(1分)A.At the restaurant.B.At the library.C.At the supermarket.D.At the post office.【解答】略8.(1分)A.See a film.B.Make a pizza.C.Read a book.D.Finish a book review.【解答】略9.(1分)A.Tim went to the library to have a talk with Moly.B.Moly missed the art lessons in the afternoon.C.The monitor organized a discussion about the spring outing.D.The two speakers had a meeting on the art projects.【解答】略10.(6分)(1)Sara used to buy lottery tickets (彩票)and could always win some money.略(2)Once Sara won ¥55million and was suddenly known by many people.略(3)Over 200people sent Sara e﹣mails to ask for suggestions about how to win lottery tickets.略(4)Sara moved to another town in order to keep away from the news reporters.略(5)Sara set up a group to help poor students start their business after college.略(6)Sara is famous because she has done some good things with the money she has.略【解答】略11.(10分)(1)Two robbers entered a hotel on the night of a Monday略略.(2)The robbers took the money from the hotel's safe and略略.(3)Then the robbers went into a略略and robbed some money there.(4)The robbers were both wearing略略and blue jeans.(5)The hotel staff and the repairman(修理工)said the robbers were略略.【解答】略二、Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案)(共20分)12.(1分)Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation fromthe others?()A.This tea table is for sale.B.Mark will plan for a trip to Hong Kong.C.Where's my school bag?D.We usually have some noodles for lunch.【解答】考查语音.A这张茶几待售sale[seil].B马克将计划去香港旅行plan[plæn].C我的书包在哪里bag[bæɡ]?D我们午餐通常吃面条have[hæv].A 选项划线部分发/ei/.B,C,D选项划线部分发/æ/.因此划线部分发音不同的一项是A.故选:A.13.(1分)Many schools provide free lessons for students to play ________ football in the afternoon.()A.the B./ C.a D.an【解答】考查冠词.句意"许多学校在下午为学生提供免费的足球课.".play+球类,中间不加冠词.故选:B.14.(1分)The manager was angry ________ Morris because he sent e﹣mails to the wrong customer again.()A.at B.to C.with D.from【解答】考查动词短语.at在几点或小地点.to到…with和…from来自…句意"经理对莫里斯很生气,因为他又给错误的客户发了电子邮件.".be angry with sb 对某人生气.固定搭配.故选:C.15.(1分)We should work hard and do ________ best to realize our dreams()A.us B.our C.ours D.ourselves【解答】根据语境推测句意是"我们应该努力学习,尽我们最大努力实现我们的梦想.",此处考查固定短语try one's best ,所以填形容词性物主代词.故选:B.16.(1分)Turn the heat down,_______ the food in the pot will burn.()A.and B.so C.but D.or【解答】and,并且,表并列关系;so,因此表结果;but但是,表转折;or,否则,或者,表选择;此题根据语境把热度调低,不然锅里的食物就要烧了.否则是or.故选:D.17.(1分)﹣Which pair of jeans do you prefer,the one with the blue belt or the one with the red belt?﹣________.I like the one with the brown belt.()A.Both B.All C.None D.Neither【解答】both两个都;all三个或三个以上都;none没有,表示量;neither,两个都不;此题根据语境"你更喜欢哪条牛仔裤,那条蓝色带的还是红腰带的?﹣我两个都不喜欢.我喜欢棕色皮带的那个."两个都不是neither.故选:D.18.(1分)Have ________ try and maybe you will find a proper solution.()A.another B.the other C.other D.others【解答】首先明确选项中出现的单词的意思和用法:another"另一个"(三者或三者以上中的另一个);the other"其他的/两者中的另一个";other"其他的"(形容词,修饰可数名词复数);others"其他人"(是一个代词).故选:A.19.(1分)The first snow came _______ than usual in our hometown this year.()A.early B.earlier C.earliest D.the easiest【解答】根据The first snow came _______ than usual in our hometown this year,这里句子中有than,判断句子使用比较级形式.故选:B.20.(1分)Jill likes her new neighborhood because most people here greet others with a ______ smile.()A.lovely B.happily C.politely D.beautifully【解答】首先明确选项中每个单词意思,A:令人愉快的(形容词);B:快乐地(副词);C:有礼貌地(副词);D:美丽地(副词);根据题干结合推测设空处句子的句意是"Jill喜欢她的新街坊,因为这里大多数人问候别人时带着令人愉快的微笑.",设空处修饰名词,用形容词,由此判断句子中缺少"令人愉快的"一词.故选:A.21.(1分)The company didn't stop improving this new machine ________ it worked well.()A.if B.unless C.until D.after【解答】if 如果,引导条件状语从句;unless除非,引导条件状语从句;until 直到;引导时间转语从句,一般用于结构not …until 中;after在…之后,引导时间转语从句;此题根据语境"公司一直在改进这台新机器,直到它运转良好为止."直到是until.故选:C.22.(1分)We wondered if Judy ________ to Australia next week for business.()A.flies B.had flown C.has flown D.would fly【解答】根据句意"我们想知道朱迪是否下周要去澳大利亚出差."以及时间状语next week,可知要用将来时,再根据主句的谓语是过去式,可知要用过去将来时.A是一般现在时,B过去完成时.C现在完成时.故选:D.23.(1分)Many leaders ________ to attend the Closing Ceremony(闭幕式)of Winter Olympics in February,2018.()A.be invited B.were invitedC.will be invited D.have been invited【解答】根据时间状语为in February,2018故确定句子的时态为一般过去时态,主语many leaders是谓语动词invite的承受者二者形成被动关系,故确定为被动语态,故谓语动词为一般过去时态的被动语态,其结构为was/were+过去分词,主语many leaders 是复数,故助动词为were,故填入were told.故选:B.24.(1分)All the members of the team hope ________ a wonderful result of the project.()A.had B.have C.to have D.having【解答】根据All the members of the team hope ________ a wonderful result of the project.可知句子考查hope to do sth表示希望做某事.故选:C.25.(1分)The girl practiced ________ the piano for three hours every day to win the contest.()A.play B.plays C.to play D.playing【解答】根据The girl practiced ________ the piano for three hours every day to win the contest.可知句子考查practice doing sth表示练习做某事.故选:D.26.(1分)Rose and Minnie ________ each other pretty well before they worked in the same bank.()A.knows B.know C.have known D.had known【解答】根据句意"罗斯和明妮在同一个银行工作之前,他们已经彼此认识了."以及before 引导的时间状语从句可知,从句用的是一般过去时,主句要用过去完成时.A是一般现在时.B一般现在时.C现在完成时.D过去完成时.故选:D.27.(1分)Kevin ________ in his room when the big fire broke out.()A.sleep B.slept C.was sleeping D.will sleep【解答】结合语境推测句意是"当大火突然发生的时候,Kevin在房间里睡觉.",判断设空处的动作在过去某个时间段内正在进行着,且动作在一段时间内持续进行,所以用过去进行时,过去进行时的构成是:主语+was/were+动词的现在分词.故选:C.28.(1分)﹣________ people are coming to the party?﹣About 40.()A.How many B.How soon C.How far D.How long【解答】考查数量.A.How many多少,提问数量;B.How soon多久,提问时间;C.How far多远,提问距离;D.How long多久,提问时间段.根据题干About 40.可知问的是数量.故选:A.29.(1分)Wendy________ join our school football team next term,but she is not very sure.()A.should B.may C.must D.need【解答】结合选项可知本题考查情态动词,首先明确选项中每个单词的意思:A:应该;B:可能;C:必须;D:需要;结合题干but she is not very sure推测句意是"Wendy可能下个学期加入我们校足球队,但是她现在不确定.",所以may 符合句意,故选:B.30.(1分)﹣The sun shines brightly.Why not go out for a walk in the school garden?﹣________()A.Good idea. B.That's all right.C.Not at all.D.Thank you very much.【解答】考查情境对话.A.Good idea.好主意;B.That's all right.没关系;C.Not at all.不客气;D.Thank you very much.非常感谢.根据题干The sun shines brightly.Why not go out for a walk in the school garden?可知应说好主意.故选:A.31.(1分)﹣Would you like me to bring you a cup of tea?﹣________()A.Yes,I'd like to.B.It's a pleasure.C.Yes,please.D.It doesn't matter.【解答】考查情境对话.根据题干Would you like me to bring you a cup of tea?可知肯定的回答用Yes,please.否定用No,thanks结合选项,应说好的,谢谢.故选:C.三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格.每空限填一词,每词只能填一次)(共8分)32.(4分)A.Even if B.familiar C.spare D.In fact E nervous You may not know a lot of people when you start high school.This really makes you feel (1)E because you don't know who to talk to when you have problems.(2)A you know some freshmen(新生),you still feel worried that you don't know any elder students and teachers.How are you going to make friends with these unknown people?(3)D,most high schools hold a freshman training before school actually starts.These are helpful because you learn your way around the buildings.Youalso get to meet some of your teachers and other freshmen.That way,you may already recognize a few(4)B faces when you go to school on your first day.【解答】1.E.形容词考查,feel是系动词,后加形容词构成系表结构,结合because you don't know who to talk to 句意可知是不知道和谁说话,故会感到紧张nervous,故答案是E.2.A.短语考查,结合you know some freshmen(新生),you still feel worried that you don't know any elder students and teachers句意你认识一些人,你还会因为不认识任何一个高年级的学生和老师感到担忧,故用even if即使,引导的让步状语从句,故答案是A.3.D.短语考查,这里用插入语,与后面的句子隔开,用in fact事实上,故答案是D.4.B.形容词考查.空格用来修饰faces,故用形容词,结合句意表达你可能已经认识一些熟悉的面孔了,familiar熟悉的,故答案是B.33.(4分)A.support B.clubs C.friendships D.expect E.awardsWhen you talk to people in the training camp,you'll probably find that a lot of them are feeling just like you are.They're all new to the school and don't know what to(1)D.Talking about a common interest with your classmates can help you develop(2)C.The work in high school sometimes worries freshmen a lot.The work in high school gives you more knowledge of many subjects.So you may find it's a bit more challenging.If you ever find your work too difficult,teachers can (3)A you.High school also has more after﹣school activities,such as music and theatre groups,sports teams and(4)B.This is a good chance to learn how to be more independent.It is also a good time to develop your interests and try new things.【解答】1.D.考查动词.句意"他们对学校都很陌生,不知道该__什么.".根据所给单词,可知,应该是"期盼".不定式to后用动词原形expect.选D.2.C.考查名词.句意"和你的同学谈论共同的兴趣可以帮助你发展__.".根据所给单词,可知,应该是"友谊".用名词复数friendships.选C.3.A.考查动词.句意"老师会__你".根据上一句If you ever find your work too difficult如果你发现你的功课太难了.可知,应该是"支持".情态动词can后用动词原形support.选A.4.B.考查名词.句意"比如音乐和戏剧团体、运动队和__".根据所给单词,可知,应该是"俱乐部".不止一个俱乐部,用复数clubs.选B.四、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子.每空格限填一词)(共8分)34.(1分)Many people buy nice watches as presents for their friends.(watch)【解答】根据Many people buy nice﹣﹣as presents for their friends.(watch)可知这里friends是复数,所以给他们买的表也应该用复数.故填watches.35.(1分)Jessie is learning to cook for herself though she is only seven years old.(her)【解答】根据Jessie is learning to cook for﹣﹣though she is only seven years old.(her)可知这里for oneself表示为自己.故填herself.36.(1分)The government should be responsible for the food safety to protect citizens.(responsibility)【解答】根据The government should be﹣﹣for the food safety to protect citizens.(responsibility)可知这里放在be动词后面跟形容词.故填responsible.37.(1分)My cousin's flat is on the tenth floor with a good view of the neighbourhood.(ten)【解答】根据My cousin's flat is on the﹣﹣floor with a good view of the neighbourhood.(ten)可知这里表示几楼用序数词形式.故填tenth.38.(1分)High﹣speed train is a great invention to help people travel easily between big cities.(invent)【解答】根据High﹣speed train is a great﹣﹣to help people travel easily between big cities.(invent)可知形容词后面跟名词,这里含有冠词a,应该用单数.故填invention.39.(1分)This new test will enable doctors to find the disease as early as possible.(able)【解答】根据This new test will﹣﹣doctors to find the disease as early as possible.(able)可知这里考查enable sb to do sth表示使某人能做某事.故填enable.40.(1分)This is a place to see various birds,but it's still unusual to see such a huge one here.(usual)【解答】根据该空处在句中作表语,所给词usual为形容词意为"寻常的、通常的"可以在句中作表语,根据题干"This is a place to see various birds,but it's still…to see such a huge one here."可知该句为but连接的并列句,前后句子表达转折的关系,根据上半句的意思"这是一个可以看到各种鸟类的地方"可推知在这里看到这么大的鸟不寻常,故填入usual的反义词unusual"不同寻常的".故答案为:unusual.41.(1分)Robots will possibly do some jobs in place of workers in the coming years.(possible)【解答】根据该空处在句中作状语修饰动词do ,故填入副词,所给词possible 为形容词"可能的";其对应的副词为possibly"可能地".故填入possibly.五、Complete the following sentences as required (根据所给要求完成句子.)(共14分)42.(2分)The girl baked a nice cake for her mother yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)Did the girl bake a nice cake for her mother yesterday?【解答】考查一般疑问句.由baked 过去式.可知,一般过去时态,变一般疑问句在句首用助动词did.谓语动词用原形bake.答案是Did,bake.43.(2分)Rony needs 3,000 dollars if he wants to buy the second﹣hand machine.(对划线部分提问)How much does Rony need if he wants to buy the second﹣hand machine?【解答】根据Rony needs 3,000 dollars if he wants to buy the second﹣hand machine.这里3,000 dollars 是价格,询问价格用how much.故填How much.44.(2分)The kids reviewed the story several times before they gave the performance.(保持句意基本不变)The kids went over the story several times before they gave the performance.。
2009年上海市中考模拟卷二第一部分阅读(90分)一、文言文阅读(共42分)(一)默写(18分)1、水光潋滟晴方好,________。
(《饮湖上初晴后雨》)2、柴门闻犬吠,________(《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》)3、________,古来征战几人回(《凉州词》)4、敏而好学,________,是以谓之文也。
(《孔孟论学》)5、而或长烟一空,________,浮光跃金,静影沉璧(《岳阳楼记》)6、________,竭其庐之入。
(《捕蛇者说》)(二)阅读古诗词,完成7—8题(4分)山居秋暝(王维)空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。
明月松间照,清泉石上流。
竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。
随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。
7、诗中以声响衬托幽静的名句是(2分)A、空山新雨后,天气晚来秋B、明月松间照,清泉石上流C、竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟D、随意春芳歇,王孙自可留8、秋雨后山间舒朗、清新的环境特点构成了全诗的基调。
诗情画意中寄托了诗人对_______的追求。
(2分)(三)阅读下文,完成9—11题(8分)庄子钓于濮水庄子钓于濮水,楚王使大夫二人往先焉,曰:“愿以境内累矣!”庄子持竿不顾,曰:“吾闻楚有神龟,死已三千岁矣,王以巾笥而藏之庙堂之上。
此龟者,宁其死为留骨而贵乎?宁其生而曳尾于塗中乎?”二大夫曰:“宁生而曳尾塗中。
”庄子曰:“往矣!吾将曳尾于塗中。
”9、短文作者庄子,名周,_____时期哲学家。
(2分)10、用现代汉语解释文中画线句子。
(3分)此龟者,宁其死为留骨而贵乎?宁其生而曳尾于塗中乎?11、短文中,庄子对两位大臣诉说神龟的故事,其目的是(3分)(四)阅读下文,完成12—13题(12分)班超①素有大志班超为人素有大志,不修细节。
然内孝谨②,居家常执勤苦,不耻劳辱。
有口辩③,而涉猎书传。
永平五年,兄固被召诣校书郎④,超与母随至洛阳。
家贫,常为官佣书以供养⑤,久劳苦。
尝辍业投笔叹曰:“大丈夫无他志略,犹当效傅介子、张骞⑥立功异域,以取封侯,安能久事笔砚间乎?”左右皆笑之。
超曰:“小子安知壮士志哉?”【注释】①班超:汉朝杰出将领。
他以非凡的政治和军事才能,治理西域三十一年,为维护国家安全作出了卓越贡献。
②孝谨:孝顺谨慎。
③有口辩:能言善辩;口才好。
④兄固被召诣校书郎:哥哥班固受朝廷征召担任校书郎的官职。
⑤供养:谋生糊口。
⑥傅介子、张骞:傅介子是西汉人,以计斩楼兰王而著名。
张骞是西汉人,开拓了汉朝与西域交往的丝绸之路。
12、根据题意选择正确答案。
(5分)错误!未找到引用源。
“修”的常用义项有:A、美好B、研究C、撰写D、修整E、修建F、长“不修细节”中,“修”的解释应选错误!未找到引用源。
下列句中加点的“素”,解释相同的两项是和..A、可以调素.琴,阅金经。
B、吴广素.爱人,士卒多为用者。
C、素.蟫灰丝时蒙卷轴。
D、班超为人素.有大志。
13、阅读相关链接,完成试题。
(7分)【链接】陈涉少时,尝与人佣耕,辍耕之垄上,怅恨久之,曰:“苟富贵,无相忘。
”佣者笑而应曰:“若为佣耕,何富贵也?”陈涉太息曰:“嗟乎,燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!错误!未找到引用源。
《班超素有大志》中,表达了与陈涉的“燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!”相似意思的句子是“”。
两人的感叹突出了他们的精神品质。
(4分)错误!未找到引用源。
比较《班超素有大志》和【链接】说说两文共有的写作特点。
(不能与本卷其他试题重复)(3分)二、现代文阅读(共48分)(一)阅读下文,完成14—18题(26分)风筝情语①节气到了清明。
阳气回升。
孩子们的心随着风筝的线扶摇直上,放飞于蓝天。
那造型各异的风筝像智慧的彩球、灵性的飞鸟,不但使孩子们手舞足蹈,心旷神怡,也使大人们心痒难挠,跃跃欲试。
放风筝,这是一种智力和体育融为一体的有益身心健康的文化活动。
②风筝,我国南方叫鹞,北方叫鸢,大约出现于公元前五世纪。
据考,春秋战国时期公输般制作的木鹊,实际上就是风筝的前身。
稍后,便有了木、竹制作的风筝、据说鲁班曾“削竹为鹊,成而飞之,三日不下”。
汉代以后,普遍使用了纸,于是又出现了纸风筝。
相传韩信曾制作“纸鸢”。
以细竹为“骨”,薄绢粘贴,牵线顺风而飞,五代时李邺在宫中以线放“纸鸢”为游戏,还在鸢上拴上竹笛。
经风一吹发出“筝鸣”般的声音,“风筝”即由此而得名。
③风筝在我国不仅历史悠久,而且达到了很高的制作水准。
风筝式样大体上分为硬膀和软膀两大类。
经过我国历代民间艺人的发展创造,已经形成了一套别具特色的风格和图案,大致有三种:第一种是动物类,如凤凰、蝴蝶、蜈蚣、雄鹰等;第二种是人物类:如哪吒、观音、孙悟空、七仙女等;第三种是器物类:如扇子、飘带、花篮等等。
近代风筝正朝着精制化方向发展。
1915年,在巴拿马国际展览会上,天津风筝艺人魏元素制作的彩绘风筝获得了金质奖章。
第二年,北京的巧手哈长英以其制作的花式风筝获得了银奖。
天津著名的杨柳青风筝厂生产的二百多个风筝品种远销美、英、法和港、澳、台等二十几个国家和地区;北京风筝艺术公司费宝龄研制的齐天大圣、龙、蝴蝶和燕子等先后在二十多个国家展出,深受国际友人和行家的好评。
举世瞩目,令人心驰神往的山东潍坊国际风筝节,更是把多姿多彩奥妙无穷的中华风筝文化放飞于世界人民面前,连接起各国人民的友谊。
④“好风凭借力,送我上青天”。
风筝是力学原理随着艺术品在空中的一次实践。
风的推举力、自身的重力和线绳的拉力,成为风筝的“脚.”。
玩风筝,行家讲究扎、糊、绘、放。
扎:结构必须平衡,吃风面积要相当;糊:要达到平整;绘:要美观,放上天去图案清晰大方,收下来摆在室内有装饰和观赏价值;放:要选择地形,辨别风向,张弛有致,心到手到,做到人筝合一……也许我们许多人限于时间和身份,不能去放一把风筝,那就让我们走出户外,看着孩子在那里忘情地展示才艺,让我们的心灵回到童年,随着风筝一起飞上晴空吧!14、“风的推举力、自身的重力和线绳的拉力,成为风筝的‘脚.’”。
“脚.”在文中的意思是________;原文中该字加了引号表示___________(4分)15、第错误!未找到引用源。
段画线句子运用了_____修辞方法。
从全文看,说风筝是“智慧的彩球、灵性的飞鸟”的原因是________。
画线句子表现出作者________的情感。
(8分)16、第错误!未找到引用源。
段按____顺序来写,主要说明________(5分)17、第错误!未找到引用源。
段中主要运用了____的说明方法,其作用是________(5分)18、我国有许多民间工艺不仅历史悠久,而且达到了很高的制作水准。
请抓住特征介绍其中的一种。
(4分)(二)阅读下文,完成19—24题(22分)驾驶课①事情发生的时候,我和女儿西德里正坐在一辆租来的车里,从洛杉矶向大峡谷进发。
②我们大约开了8个小时,没有事故发生。
那是个美丽的夜晚,雾茫茫,静悄悄,正是我最初计划这次旅行时所想象的亚里桑拿的夜晚。
车子撞到那只小鹿的时候,我们离预定的旅馆只有20分钟的路程。
③那只小鹿象(yōu)灵一样出现在月光下。
朝我的大灯横冲直撞过来。
车轮因突然刹住而滑出了30码。
在我又能思考以后,我听见西德里从后座上问我:“怎么了?”这是我四个小时里听她说的第一句话。
④我们的旅途是在西德里六年级中期进行的,那是她寒假将要结束的时候。
两年了,我们没有过这样的旅途。
这也是我再婚前,我们最后一次在一起度假,只有父亲和女儿的度假。
⑤[A]上一次我们这样旅行的时候,西德里只有9岁,一路上唧唧喳喳说个不停,都是关于电影、书籍和学校里发生的事情。
现在她就要12岁了,不愿意再和我分享自己的思想。
她仍旧连续几小时说个不停,但是不是对我说。
而是和朋友们,大部分是网上聊天。
所以把备用物品装上车后,她就跳上后座,戴上耳机,埋头于一本关于吸血鬼的书。
我本来想和她就她的未来进行一番长谈的,可是这个想法就此打住了。
⑥“我们走了。
”我说。
但是坐在后座上的她充耳不闻。
她的激光唱盘吸引了她的一切注意力。
⑦甚至当我们在湖边停下来吃午饭,看伦敦桥的时候,她也非常安静。
我向她解释这座曾经连接伦敦泰晤士河的壮观石桥是怎样来到亚里桑那的,可她的眼睛却盯着一群蹦蹦跳跳唱着歌的少年,她的心已经飞到他们身上了。
⑧吃过饭后,我们又上路了。
我常常从后视镜里偷偷看她一眼。
她要么低声唱歌,要么沉浸在书中。
当她发现我在看她,她会问:“什么事啊?”前排和后排之间的距离,虽然在一辆车里,却似乎如大峡谷般广阔无边。
⑨我掉头开上了亚利桑那64号公路,那是一条直接通向旅馆的平整通畅的高速公路。
[B]克巴博国家森林公园的松树像卫兵一样静静伫立在道路两旁。
月亮和繁星偶尔在云层间闪耀。
⑩正在此时,那只小鹿从黑暗的灌木丛中跳了出来,呈现在月光之下,它直接冲向了我们的汽车。
这个撞击惊动了西德里。
⑾车子抛锚了。
我们在路边和树林里寻找小鹿的踪迹,可是黑暗中未见一丝动静。
现在我必须对接下来该怎么办做出一个含糊的回应,因为西德里问我:“你是更在意那只小鹿呢,还是更在意我们的车?”我从镜子中看到了她的表情。
发现她问的是一个认真的问题。
⑿我回答道:“小鹿”。
[C]因为我想起来我拒绝了租赁公司的保险。
如果车子仍然能运行(而且的确如此,虽然让我吃惊),而且我们俩都没有受伤,那么我的思维就让那只小鹿占据了。
⒀西德里肯定感觉到了我的心不在焉,因为我在思索怎样处理这整个事情。
[D]我感到她从黑暗中伸出手来,穿过汽车中我们的距离,抓住了我的肩膀,这让我缓过神来。
最后几英里我开了整整一个小时。
可是她的手一直放在我的肩膀上,直到我们到达旅馆。
⒁登记入住后,我们仔细检查了车子的损坏程度。
后视镜从镜框里掉了出来,挡风玻璃碎裂成蜘蛛网状,样子吓人,一个大灯完全撞得粉碎。
几乎车子的整个左侧都弄坏了。
我擦去了车门上一小撮在寒风中飞舞的鹿毛。
⒂如果我说余下的时间是我曾遐想过的理想假期,我肯定是在撒谎。
给保险公司、租车公司和信用卡公司打的电话结束了我的所有快乐。
但是西德里大部分时间坐在车前座,巡视着有鹿出没的地方。
每隔20秒就俯身按一下喇叭。
在她又溜回后座之前,我们谈了很多,都是些无关紧要的小事。
这时候,我知道她是和我在一起的,虽然她坐到了后座。
⒃________19、根据第错误!未找到引用源。
段中的拼音写出汉字:yōu____灵(2分)20、请用简洁的语言概括文章内容。
(不超过25字)(3分)21、联系上下文,“前排和后排之间的距离,虽然在一辆车里,却似乎如大峡谷般广阔无边”这句话的意思是________(3分)22、对于文中A、B、C、D四处划线句子的理解,下列说法正确的一项是___(4分)A、插叙,写出了西德里和父亲之间关系的变化:从一个与父亲无话不谈的小姑娘变成一个宁可花费大量时间在网络中与朋友聊天,而不愿直接跟父亲交流的人。
B、环境描写,渲染了优美宁静的氛围,烘托出文中的“我”能够和女儿一起渡假的愉快安适的心情。