作业chapter5-2

三菱日立工程MHPS制造计划书Manufacture PlanDOC.NO:PA-KU1-001PREPARED BY: He Fei LiuPEVIEWED BY: You Jin Liu中钢结构（昆山）有限公司Chung-Kang Steel Structure Co., Ltd. - Kunshan第一章三菱日立工程制造过程工艺总则CHAPTER ONE MHPS GENERAL RULES OF MANUFACTURE 4 1-1 适用范围：S COPE OF A PPLICATION (4)1-2 适用规范：A PPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS (4)第二章工程概要CHAPTER TWO PROJECT OVERVIEW 5 2-1 概述G ENERAL (5)2-2 钢结构制作检查流程图W ORK FLOW OF STEEL STRUCTURE MANUFACTURE AND INSPECTION (6)2-3 材料管理M ATERIAL MANAGEMENT (7)第三章设计排版CHAPTER THREE DESIGN COMPOSING 11 3-1 排版：C OMPOSING: (11)第四章制造加工CHAPTER FOUR MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING 12 4-1 切割：I NCISION: (12)4-2 坡口：G ROOVE: (13)4-3 孔加工S POT FACING WORK (13)4-4 组装的一般规则G ENERAL RULE OF ASSEMBLING (14)4-5 组装焊接A SSEMBLY W ELDING (15)4-6 Ｈ型钢制造组合程序:T HE MANUFACTURE AND ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE OF H-BEAM (16)4-7 背衬板及背垫板之种类使用C ATEGORY AND USAGE OF BACKING PLATE (19)4-8 防止电焊过程中产生构件变形注意事项P RECAUTION ON PREVENTING COMPONENT DEFORMATION DURING THE ELECTRIC WELDING (20)4-9 引弧板R UN-ON PLATE (20)4-10 焊接一般W ELDING GENERAL (20)4-11 焊接设备W ELDING PREPARATION (21)4-12 焊接条件W ELDING CONDITION (21)4-13 焊接预热及层间温度控制作业标准O PERATION STANDARD OF WELDING PREHEATING AND INTERLAYER TEMPERATURE CONTROLLING (22)4-14 焊接作业W ELDING OPERATION (23)4-15 清根作业B ACK GOUGING OPERATION (24)4-16 楼梯和栏杆的制作F ABRICATION OF STAIRWAYS AND HANDRAILS (24)4-17 牛腿的焊接W ELDING OF BRACKET (26)4-18 构件标识：C OMPONENT IDENTIFICATION (27)第五章涂装作业CHAPTER FIVE COATING OPERATION 30 5-1 一般规定:G ENERAL STIPULATIONS: (30)5-2 油漆膜厚检查作业标准：O PERATIONAL STANDARD FOR CHECKING OIL PAINT FILM THICKNESS: (30)5-3 规定不宜涂装之部位：S TIPULATED POSITIONS NOT SUITABLE FOR COATING (30)5-4 详细的涂装及涂装检验参照（KU3-978-298）D ETAILED COATING AND COATING INSPECTING REFERENCE (KU3-978-298) (30)第六章包装CHAPTER SIX PACKAGING 31 6-1 包装计划之编排:A RRANGEMENT OF PACKAGING PLAN (31)6-2 包装作业:P ACKAGING OPERATION: (31)第七章运输储存CHAPTER SEVEN TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE 33 7-1 运输计划之编排:A RRANGEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PLAN (33)7-2 钢构件之运输作业:T RANSPORTING OPERATION OF STEEL MEMBER (33)7-3 钢构件之储存：S TORAGE OF STEEL MEMBER (34)第一章三菱日立工程制造过程工艺总则Chapter One MHPS General Rules of Manufacture1-1 适用范围：Scope of Application本施工计划书适用于三菱日立钢架工程之钢构制造作业。

实用标准文案文档大全上机作业题报告2015.1.9 USER1.Chapter 11.1题目设S N =∑1j 2−1N j=2，其精确值为)11123(21+--N N 。

（1）编制按从大到小的顺序11131121222-+⋯⋯+-+-=N S N ，计算S N 的通用程序。

（2）编制按从小到大的顺序1211)1(111222-+⋯⋯+--+-=N N S N ，计算S N 的通用程序。

（3）按两种顺序分别计算64210,10,10S S S ,并指出有效位数。

（编制程序时用单精度） （4）通过本次上机题，你明白了什么？1.2程序1.3运行结果1.4结果分析按从大到小的顺序，有效位数分别为：6，4，3。

按从小到大的顺序，有效位数分别为：5，6，6。

可以看出，不同的算法造成的误差限是不同的，好的算法可以让结果更加精确。

当采用从大到小的顺序累加的算法时，误差限随着N 的增大而增大，可见在累加的过程中，误差在放大，造成结果的误差较大。

因此，采取从小到大的顺序累加得到的结果更加精确。

2.Chapter 22.1题目（1）给定初值0x 及容许误差ε，编制牛顿法解方程f(x)=0的通用程序。

（2）给定方程03)(3=-=x xx f ,易知其有三个根3,0,3321=*=*-=*x x x○1由牛顿方法的局部收敛性可知存在,0>δ当),(0δδ+-∈x 时，Newton 迭代序列收敛于根x2*。

试确定尽可能大的δ。

○2试取若干初始值，观察当),1(),1,(),,(),,1(),1,(0+∞+-----∞∈δδδδx 时Newton 序列的收敛性以及收敛于哪一个根。

（3）通过本上机题，你明白了什么？2.2程序2.3运行结果（1）寻找最大的δ值。

算法为：将初值x0在从0开始不断累加搜索精度eps，带入Newton迭代公式，直到求得的根不再收敛于0为止，此时的x0值即为最大的sigma值。

运行Find.m，得到在不同的搜索精度下的最大sigma值。

《经济学》课后布置练习作业答案Chapter 1：pp19 & 20—Q4, 8, 15, 174. The manager is failing to think at the margin. Dell has lost $400,000 on the last 10,000 laptops, so their profits would have been higher if they had not produced them.8. The contractors had little incentive to deliver the Indians to Oklahoma alive. Instead, they benefited when the Indians died along the way, because they had to spend even less money on food and transportation. One way to change the incentives to lower the death rate would have been to pay the contractors more if the Indians arrived safely in Oklahoma.15. a. The central reason for outsourcing to China is that firms believe they can earn a higher profit in the process.b. Outsourcing to China isn’t risk-free. In most cases, the entrepreneur has no guarantee that the costs of outsourcing (payments to the workers plus costs of arranging things and supervising from a distance, for example) will be lower than the costs of production with domestic workers whose productivity and quality of workmanship may be much higher.17. a. and d. are microeconomic questions; b. and c. are macroeconomic questions.Chapter 2：pp57-59—Q4, 7, 11, 15, 16;4. Absolute advantage is the ability to produce more of a good or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. Comparative advantage is the ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers. It is possible to have a comparative advantage in producing a good even if someone else has an absolute advantage in producing that good (and every other good). Unless the two producers have exactly the same opportunity costs of producing two goods – the same tradeoff between the two goods –one producer will have a comparative advantage in making one of the goods and the other producer will have a comparative advantage in making the other good.7. If the federal government has a fixed budget for medical research, then the opportunity cost of funding more research on heart disease is the reduction in funding for research on other diseases. The decision should be made at the margin: to maximize the benefits fromgovernment spending on medical research, the last dollar devoted to research on heart disease should result in the same marginal benefit – less disease and fewer deaths – as the last dollar spent on research for other diseases. If the additional funding for research on heart disease comes at the expense of other non-medical research expenditures, then the opportunity cost will change, but a similar analysis should be conducted.11. a. Canada has the comparative advantage in making boots. Canada’s opportunity cost of making one boot is giving up one shirt. In the U.S., the opportunity cost of making one boot is giving up three shirts. The U.S. has the comparative advantage in making shirts. In the U.S., the opportunity cost of making one shirt is giving up one-third of a boot, bu t Canada’s opportunity cost of making one shirt is one boot.b. Neither country has an absolute advantage in making both goods. The U.S. has the absolute advantage in shirts, but Canada has the absolute advantage in boots.c. If both countries specialize in the good in which they have a comparative advantage and then trade with the other, they can both be better off. Let’s use the case in which each trades half of what it makes for half of what the other makes. The U.S. will specialize by making 12 sh irts and Canada will specialize by making 6 boots. Since each gets half of the other’s production, they both end up with 6 shirts and 3 boots. This means they are better off than before trading, since they end up with the same amount of boots, but twice as many shirts. Others trades will make them better off, as well.12. a. Neither country has a comparative advantage in either good. In both countries, the opportunity cost of one barrel of oil is one barrel of olive oil. Comparative advantage only arises if someone has a lower opportunity cost, but these two countries have the same opportunity cost.b. No, the countries can’t gain from trade. Trading across the border gives the same tradeoffs that can be made within each country.14. Yes, the United States would have benefited from importing those products where Britain had a comparative advantage.15. a. An auto purchase takes place in the product market. The household (George) demandsthe good and the firm (BMW) supplies the good.b. The labor market is a factor market. The households supply the labor and the firm demands the labor.c. This is a factor market. The household (George) supplies the factor of production (labor), while the firm (McDonald’s) demands it.d. The land market is a factor market. The household supplies the factor of production and the firm demands it.16. Adam Smith was making the ―invisible hand‖ argument that, in pursuing their self-interest, business people end up producing the goods and services most desired by consumers.Chapter 8 p259—Q3, 4, 7, 253. Absolute advantage is the ability to produce more of a good or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. Comparative advantage is the ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers. A country will often import goods in which it has an absolute advantage. For example, the U.S. could produce textiles with fewer resources than in China, but China produces these goods for the U.S. allowing it to produce other goods that are even more valuable.4. International trade increases a country’s consumption because it allows it to specialize in the goods and services which it can produce at the lowest opportunity cost and trade for goods and services for which it has a higher opportunity cost.7. Free trade probably benefits smaller countries more because without trade it would be difficult for producers in these countries to benefit from external economies and economies of scale. Also, larger more populous countries are likely to have a wider range of people with a wider range of comparative advantages, so they can gain significantly from trading among themselves, but this is less likely in smaller countries.25.Chapter 3：pp91-94—Q2, 3, 21. 22;2. a. substitutes b. complements c. complements d. probably unrelated3. a. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the left.b. There will be a movement down the demand curve for Big Macs.c. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the left (assuming that Big Macs and fries are complements).d. The demand curve for Big Macs will shift to the right.See page 71 of the textbook for graphs that shift to the right and to the left.21. a. Trueb. False (it depends on whether demand shifts more than supply)c. False (the price will definitely decrease)22.Chapter 6：pp193-194—Q2, 3, 5, 6, 192. The price elasticity = (percentage change in quantity demanded)/(percentage change in price) = –25%/10% = –2.5. This is elastic.3. In calculating the percentage change in price and quantity, the midpoint formula divides by the average of the starting and ending values.Midpoint Formula:M idpoint Formula:(Q2-Q1)Q1+Q22⎛⎝⎫⎭⎪÷(P2-P1)P1+P22⎛⎝⎫⎭⎪Percentage changes can also be calculated by using the starting or ending value without averaging, but this gives different results depending on whether the starting or ending value is used.5. The demand for most agricultural goods is inelastic. This is probably because people already have about enough to eat, so they won’t increase purchases much if the price falls.6. The most important determinant of the price elasticity of demand is usually the availability of substitutes for the product. If there are good substitutes, elasticity will be high becausepeople can switch away to another good as the product’s price rises. Other factors determining the price elasticity of demand for a product include the passage of time, whether the good is a necessity or a luxury, how narrowly the market for the good is defined, and the share of the good in the consumer’s budget.19a. The gain in revenue is $12 x 500,000 = $6,000,000.19b. Using the midpoint formula, the percentage change in price =95.33$95.27$95.39$- x 100 = 35.3%.Therefore, the percentage change in quantity demanded = –2 x 35.3% = –70.6%. So, we have:–-0.706 = ()⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+-2000,500000,500Q Q ; or Q = 239,098. Revenue before the price change = $27.95 x 500,000 = $13,975,000. Revenue after the price change = $39.95 x 239,098 = $9,551,965. So, the change in revenue is $9,551,965 – 13,975,000 = –$4,423,035.Chapter 4：pp121-124—Q1, 4, 9, 191. a. 28 million cratesb. a surplus of 6 million cratesc. The apple growers will benefit. Their revenue will increase from $8 x 30,000,000 = $240,000,000 to $10 x 28,000,000 = $280,000,000.4. a. As the supply curve shifts inward from S1 to S2, consumer surplus will decrease from A +B +C +D to A.b. Producer surplus will change from E + F + G to B + E. This may be an increase or a decrease, depending on the size of B relative to F + G.c. Total surplus will fall from A + B + C + D + E + F + G to A + B + E.9. A ―blacklist‖ of ―high-risk‖ renters is more likely to exist in a city with rent control. With rent control in place, there is a shortage of apartments and each landlord has many rentershoping to get the apartment, so landlords can be very choosy about renters. If there were a list of high-risk renters in a non-rent-control city, it is likely that these renters could get an apartment by agreeing to pay a bit more than the going price, but in rent control cities it is illegal to charge more.19. a. If you are currently a renter, the law will probably make you better off, unless you are one of those whose landlord removes his apartment from the market.b. Worse off, since you’ll probably not be able to find a vacant apartment.c. Worse off.d. Better off, unless you get caught and the penalty is large.Chapter 7：pp217-218—Q1,3,9,11,131. It depends on the type of business you are entering. Incorporation has the advantage of limited liability, but the disadvantage of additional taxes. If you choose not to incorporate your choice between a sole proprietorship and a partnership will depend on whether or not you’ll gain enough by bringing in a partner and sharing control and profits with him or her. 3. You would rather own the bonds, because a firm losing money is unlikely to pay a dividend, and if the firm goes bankrupt, the bondholders are paid off before the stockholders.9. Finding someone to borrow your money may be difficult. You would then have to check out that person’s credit, write a loan agreement, and repossess the car if the borrower fails to pay back the loan. Banks specialize in these activities, you don’t.13. Because the bond can be traded a few years from now, tomorrow or even a few minutes from now, the purchasers of the bond needn’t be only very young people.。

Chapter 5 MeaningI. In each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the answer to the question, or best completes the sentence.1. The meaning of the word “mother” is “female parent of a child ”.A. conceptualB. connotativeC. socialD. affected2. “Accuse” and “charge” can be regarded as synonyms. However, they are different in meaning because they are used with different prepositions.A. reflectedB. thematicC. collocativeD. logical3. According to theory, the meaning of an expression is what it refers to, or denotes.A. referentialB. ideationalC. contextD. conceptual4. If the meaning components or semantic features of two words are totally the same, they are .A. antonymsB. synonymsC. hyponymsD. polysemy5. If two words share a set of semantic features but differ from each other by onefeature, they are antonyms.A. sameB. differentC. contrastingD. comparative6. The formula “∀x (BACHELOR(x) → MAN(x))” shows that “bachelor” is theof “man”.B. synonymC. hyponymD. polysemy7. “If Smith has a high fever, then he is ill” is false only when .A. the first simple proposition is true and the second one is falseB. the first simple proposition is false and the second one is trueC. both are trueD. both are false8. “Students who do not arrive in time or have not completed all their assignments will be refused admission to the examination” is false only when .A. the first simple proposition is true and the second one is falseB. the first simple proposition is false and the second one is trueC. both are trueD. both are falseA. some student cameB. no student cameC. every student cameD. some student didn’t come10. “I have been to France” “I have been to Europe”.A. entailsB. presupposesC. excludesD. negatesII .Fill in each of the following blanks with a proper word.11. The two words “single” and “married” can be described as antonyms.12. The two words “swallow” and “sparrow” are , because they have a samesuperordinate.13. Propositional logic, also known as propositional calculus or sentential calculus, isthe study of the conditions for propositions.14. Predicate logic, also called predicate calculus, studies the structure of simplepropositions.15. By analysis, we know that the meaning of the word “kill” is “CAUSE(x,( BECOME ( y, (－ALIVE(y)))))”.16. A three-place predication contains three and one or more than one predicate.17. If a word has more than one set of meaning components or semantic features, it isa word.18. If A is above B, then B is below A. So “above” and “below” are antonyms.19. “Morning star” and “ Evening star” both refer to Venus. So they have differentsenses but same .20. One of the senses of the word “bachelor” is (HUMAN) (MALE) [ONE WHOHAS NEVER BEEN MARRIED]. According to Katzian dictionary, [ONE WHO HAS NEVER BEEN MARRIED] can be regarded as the marker.III. Decide whether each of the following statement is true or false.21. The existential quantifier is symbolized by an upturned “A” in logic. （ ）22. The universal quantifier is equivalent to “some” in meaning. （ ）23. Presupposition and entailment have different truth tables. （ ）24. “The queen of England is old” and “The queen of England is not old” have thesame presupposition. （ ）25. The sentence “If language created wealth, then the most talkative people wouldbecome the richest” is not so acceptable according to propositional logic. （ ）26. Conceptual meaning and connotation are, actually, the same thing. （ ）27. According to the referential theory, the meaning of the word “pen” is the roughpicture which people have in their mind. （ ）28. The meaning of the word “murder” can be analyzed as “INTEND (x, (CAUSE(x, (BECOME ( y, (－ALIVE(y)))))))”. （ ）29. “good” and “bad” can be modified by “very “while “alive” and “dead” cannot.That’s because the former pair are gradable antonyms but the latter pair are complementary antonyms. （ ）30. The word “ass” in the sentence “That fellow is an ass” can show speaker’s orwriter’s reflected meaning. （ ）IV. Define the following terms.31. social meaning32. thematic meaning33. sense34. denotation35. converse antonyms36. reference37. conceptual view38. projection rules39. entailment40. connotation。

国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读(1)》《纳税筹划》网络课形考网考作业(合集)答案《高级英语阅读(1)》网络课答案形考任务一（70分）Chapter 1 Exercise（分值7分）题目1I. Vocabulary skills（3 points）Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left.(0.5 points each)1.the bus or subway2.proof of completion of courses of students3.money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans4.formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study5.courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places6.the points or grade a student gets on a test答案：II. Reading Comprehension (4 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Experiencing Culture ShockA When Eliza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited to live in a new country, to improve her Chinese, and to experience a culture so different from her own. But soon her excitement turned to frustration as she encountered one roadblock after another. "I felt like I couldn't accomplish anything. My dorm room had no heat, I couldn't get into the classes I wanted, and every time I asked someone for help they gave me the runaround. I felt like no one was listening to me." Eliza met with administrators, sentletters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got nowhere. What Eliza didn't realize was that her American approach to solving problems was very different from the Chinese one in which patience and negotiation skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto those around her. "I finally feel like I fit in and that I know what I'm doing. In fact, it's really fun being in a place that's so incredibly different from what I am accustomed to."B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didn't always have such an easy time studying in America. "Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan. It took me a long time to get used to learning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasn't actually learning anything." Yoshi's reaction was to totally withdraw: he didn't participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even skipped class on occasion. "I thought I could teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U.S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style."C Both Eliza and Yoshi experienced what is called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For many international students, studying abroad can offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge of trying to function in a foreign culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the reality of living in it. According to psychological studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria, 2. hostility, 3. gradual adjustment, and 4. adaptation. Culture shock can be manifested in many ways: homesickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overdrinking, withdrawal, and inability to work effectively.D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got angry while Yoshi withdrew from society. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal; it is not something to be ashamed of. Luckily, there are some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly. For instance, they can stay in touch with family and friends from home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get involved in campus activities. Most importantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive.Recognizing Paragraph Topics（choose the paragraph letter）题目27. an explanation of culture shock选择一项：A. AB. BC. CD. D题目38. ways that students can adjust to living in a new country选择一项：A. AB. BC. CD. D题目49. the experience of an international student in the United States选择一项：A. AB. BC. CD. D题目510. the experience of an international student in China选择一项：A. AB. BC. CD. DChapter 2 Exercise（分值7分）题目1I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）Sometimes examples can explain the meaning of a word or phrase. For example, sun, rain, and wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first column with the examples in the second column. (0.4 points each)1.kinds of extreme weather2.Earth’s natural materials and gases3. diseases or health disorders4. seasons of the year5. natural areas or regions of the earth答案：II. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each) Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than Just the BluesA Joshua dreads the winter months, not only because of the cold New England weather--the sleet, snow, wind, and rain--but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the days get shorter. As the days get shorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends more and more time at home, eating and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy, Joshua finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and has trouble paying attention in class and concentrating on his research. "I soon realized that what I thought was just the 'winter blues' was something more extreme than that." Josh visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD.B Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hours of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse from December through February). Scientists don't completely understand the exact causes of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the basic part of the brain that controls the body's breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release. The effects of SAD include moodiness, irritability, low energy, increased appetite for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread), difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to oversleep.C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the disorder for thousands of years. It is not a coincidence that many cultures have important celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celebrations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmth, and happiness to an otherwise depressing time of year.D So what can SAD sufferers do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the morning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for people who have more serious cases of the disorder. In light therapy, patientssit in front of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80% of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of clinical depression, traditional antidepressants have not proven useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended to help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness.题目26. Joshua starts feeling depressed and irritable in the winter because选择一项：A. he gets little work doneB. he suffers from Seasonal Affective DisorderC. he is a graduate student in philosophy题目37. Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the winter months. Scientists believe it is caused by选择一项：A. breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone releaseB. moodiness, irritability, loss of energy, increased appetite, difficulty concentrating, and sleepinessC. lack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain题目48. Humans have probably struggled with SAD since选择一项：A. ancient timesB. DecemberC. 1984题目59. People who suffer from SAD can to feel better.选择一项：A. do light therapyB. take antidepressant drugsC. eat carbohydrates题目610. This passage talks about_____.选择一项：A. what the SAD effects areB. Both A and B.C. how to help SAD suffersChapter 3 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Fast food can be good foodMany people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day.so they turn to the convenience of fast-food restaurants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, and food stands are fattening and not very nutritious.But fast food doesn’t have to be unhealthy.you can eat at fast-food restaurants and still eat well.Pay Attention to Calories and Fat ContentBy paying attention to the number of calories and fat that a food item has ,you can make smarter choices.Calories are “units for measuring how much energy a food will produce”.condsider two fast-food meals. A quarter-pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries,and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1,535 calories and 76 grams of fat .a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich ,a side salad with low-fat dressing,and a glass of water at the same fast-food restaurant have only 422 calories and 7 grams of fat .but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries .well,you can have a small hamburger,a small serving of fries,and a glass of water.At a total of 490 calories and 20 grams of fat,that’s still a much smarter choice than the large burger ,fries,and 20 grams of fat ,that’s still a much smarter choice than the large burger,fries,and sada.There’s More That You Can DoThere are a few additional things you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurantS.First of all,say “no” when the cashier asks you if you want to “supersize” you meal (order an extra large portion of each item).Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce,or ask for it on the side (in a separate dish).Third,substitute(use something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones. For example,instead of ordering deep-fried tempura,order fresh vegetables.Instead of ordering a beef burrito with lots of cheese and sour cream,order a vegetable burrito with beans and rice.and don’t eat the chips!Another thing you can do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first.That way,you will eat some vegetables,and you won’t be able to eat as much of your burger and fries.Fnally,eat slowly and stop eating when you’re full. It sounds simple,but many people keep eating even after they become full.题目11.What is the main idea of this article ?________选择一项：A. It’s smart to eat foods with low calories and fat content.B. Fast food is always bad for you .C. You can eat well in fast-food restaurantD. Fast-food restaurants are the best the place to find healthy foods . 题目22.A small hamburger and small firies has __________选择一项：A. more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad.B. the same amount of calories and fat as a chicken sandwich and a salad.C. fewer calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad.D. the same amount of calories and fat as a large portion of fries.题目33.Some things you can do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are________ 选择一项：A. ask for eatra manyonnaise and sauce and say no to “surpersizing” .B. order a vegetable burrito instead of chips and eat sour cream .C. order smaller portions and eat all the food you order.D. order healthy foods instead of fatty ones and drink water.题目44.Manyonnaise and sauces probably_________选择一项：A. make you eat less because they make you feel full sooner.B. make you eat more because they make your food taste better.C. have a lot of fat and calories.D. don’t have a lot of fat and calories.题目55. By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal,_______选择一项：A. you eat less of the rest of your meal.B. you eat more slowly.C. you get full sooner.D. you eat the rest of your meal more quickly.II. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. (0.4 points each)题目6changes damaging losing global availableThe growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products, and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eating habits are related to a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, the changing 8 global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the CzechRepublic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financially, so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer Czech men are having heart attacks, the women are 10 losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives.Chapter 4 Exercise（分值7分I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）题目1Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (0.4 points each)1.make sense2.pedestrians3.vehicle4.teenager5.fine答案：II. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each) These days, it’s getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in their cars to make sure they don’t get lost. GPS stand s for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellites in space to “see” where you are and give you directions to where you want to go. And if you don’t have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websites like and can produce a map and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it? MapQuest® uses data (information) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps. Before MapQuest® went online, it sold regular paper ma ps in places like gas stations. The website uses the data from those paper maps, information from digital mapping companies, and government databases. At the moment, MapQuest® uses more than 30 computers to read all this data and provides users with millio ns of maps every day.In order to find the best route (way or path) from one place to another, MapQuest® first has to look at all possible routes. Then MapQuest® looks at each part of each possible route. It considers the types of roads on the different routes. Are they dirt roads, paved roads, freeways, or city streets? It looks at how many turns there are in each route and what kinds of turns they are. Are they right turns or left turns? It also considers the speed limit on each road and how many intersections there are. An intersection is “a place where two or more roads cross each other”.MapQuest® can also tell you how long your trip will take you. It does this by doing some math. MapQuest® bases its estimated driving times on the length and speed limit of each part of the route and the amount of time it probably takes to get through each intersection. For example, it allows more time for a left turn at an intersection than it does for a right turn. Someday, maybe we will have cars that can just drive us wherever we want to go, but for now, mapping websites make it a little harder to get lost.题目26.What is the main idea of this article?选择一项：A. Why mapping websites don’t work well.B. Why mapping websites are better than paper maps.C. How mapping websites work.D. How the first mapping website started.题目37.According to the article, MapQuest®______选择一项：A. started as maker of government databases.B. started as an Internet company.C. uses millions of computers to read data.D. starting by selling paper maps.题目48.When you search for directions, the first thing MapQuest® does is_______选择一项：A. consider how many turns you want to take.B. print out a map and directions.C. estimate driving time.D. look at all possible paths.题目59.When it’s deciding on the best route, MapQuest® probably chooses ________选择一项：A. the route with the most turns.B. dirt roads instead of paved roads.C. freeways instead of dirt roads.D. city streets instead of freeways.题目610. To estimate your driving time, MapQuest® considers _________选择一项：A. the distance between turns on your route.B. the speed limit for half of the route.C. the fastest and slowest speed limits on your route.D. the speed limits and types of turns on your route.Chapter 5 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctly answer each question. Cross out the untrue, unrelated detail. (1 point each )题目11. What are the definitions of the two main types of families?选择一项：A. Human beings lived in loosely-related groups. Each group had a common ancestor long time ago.B. The nuclear family consists of two parents and their biological or adopted children.C. The extended family may include grandparents, parents, children and relatives living together on the same street or in the same area.D. The nuclear family is the same as the extended family.题目22. What are the reasons for the changes in the structure of the family?选择一项：A. The divorce rate went down and the birthrate began to rise in the early 1900s in the United States.B. Couples did not want many children then.C. In the early 1900s in the United States, the divorce rated went down and the birthrate went down.D. At that time, couples were staying married for few years.题目33. What happened to families in industrialized countries in the 1930s and 1940s?选择一项：A. Before and during World War II, families faced few financial problems and women didn’t have to work away from home.B. Men were at war, so women had to work outside the home.C. Before and during World War II, families had problems.D. Families had serious financial problems during World War II.题目44. What changes will happen to family structure during the next decades?选择一项：A. Divorces would be fewer, mothers would stay at home after the war.B. Children began living at home longer.C. After the war, family structure changed back.D. After the war, there were more divorces and fewer stay-home-mothers.题目55. What will families be like in the future?选择一项：A. Many people want the traditional two-parent family back.B. Two-parent family will probably come back and all other family forms will end.C. Unmarried parents with adopted or foster children, and one-person households.D. There may be more single-parent families.II. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0.4 points each)题目6living extended category typical believeThe Family of the FutureMany people today would like the traditional two-parent family back—that is to say, they want a man and a woman to marry for life; they also think the man should sport the family and the woman should stay home with the children. However, few families now fall into this 6 category In fact, if more women decide to have children on their own, the single-parent household may become more 7typica l than the traditional family in many countries. Also, unmarried couples may decided to have more children—or they might take in foster children or adopt. And because people are staying single and 8 living longer (often as widows), there may be more one-person households in the future. On the other hand, some people 9believe similar events happen again and again in history. If this is true, people may go back to the traditional 10 extended or nuclear family of the past. Others think the only certainty in history is changing: in other words, the structure of the future family could begin to change faster and faster—and in more and more ways.Chapter 6 Exercise（分值7分）I. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. （0.4 points each）题目11. Some examples of the architecture of old Europe are the magnificent cathedrals and castles. The design and building styles of modern architecture are excellent too. What does the noun architecture mean in these sentences?选择一项：A. the place with significant civilization everywhereB. people that study the culture of old Europe and other societiesC. the art and science of designing the study of classical literatureD. the form and plan of buildings and other structures题目22. Perhaps the real beginning of civilization—with its scientific and technological discoveries and inventions—was in the Middle East and Africa. Over five thousand years ago, those ancient civilizations had astronomy, mathematics, medicine, government, and so on. Which word is a synonym of the word civilization? 选择一项：A. technologyB. cathedralC. cultureD. astronomy题目33. The cultural legacy of ancient Chinese and Indian peoples included walled cities, the first governments, tools for work, and weapons for protection. odern peoples built on this legacy.What is a possible explanation of the word legacy?选择一项：A. ideas and achievements passed from earlier generations to modern societyB. a gift of money that somebody gives to another personC. international business conducted in cities and government structuresD. the state or condition of being legal; not against the law题目44. “For me, the idea of ancient culture creates a contradiction in definitions,” said Karen, going against Mei’s views. “Only modern things can be part of culture.Of course, people that like classical art and music will contradict me.”What might the noun contradiction mean?选择一项：A. the opposition of two opinionsB. wearing a Hawaiian shirt in an ancient cultureC. the short forms of two words togetherD. to put words together题目55. Because of the worldwide media—movies, TV, CDs, the Internet, newspapers, magazines—everybody knows the same information, plays the same music, and enjoys the same jokes.How might you define the phrase the media?选择一项：A. the combination of visual, sound, and printed ways to send ideas around the worldB. communication styles include motions, gestures and facial expressionsC. the tradition of being in the middle—not on the extremes of possible viewsD. events that appear in the daily news and that everyone knows aboutII.Reading Comprehension (5 points)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for True and “F” for False. （1 point each）Many visitors to different countries don’t realize how important it is to understand a country’s culture. Sometimes people learn this lesson by making a big cross-cultural blunder, or embarrassing mistake. In business situations, these blunders can cost a lot of money or end business relationships.6.It is important to understand other people’s cultures before you do business with them.选择一项：A. FB. T题目7For example, one company wanted to sell toothpaste in Southeast Asia. In their advertisements, they claimed that their toothpaste whitens teeth. They didn’t understand that many of the local people chewed betel nuts to make their teeth black, and that these people thought black teeth were attractive.7. The toothpaste company probably kept using the same advertisement in Southeast Asia.选择一项：A. FB. T题目8In another case, a car company tried to sell a car called “Matador” in a Spanish-speaking country. The company thought that it was a strong name because it means “bullfighter”. In Spanish, matador is indeed a noun meaning “bullfighter”. But it is also an adjective meaning “killing”. Imagine driving around in a car called “Killing”!8. The car company that tried to sell a car to a Spanish-speaking country probably didn’t sell many Matador cars in that country.选择一项：A. FB. T题目9A European businessman had an important meeting with a company in Taiwan. He wanted to bring gifts for the people he was meeting with. He thought that something with his company’s logo on it would be a nice gift. So he bought some very nice pocket knives and h ad his company’s logo printed on them. He didn’t know that giving a knife as a gift symbolizes cutting off a friendship!9. The European businessman probably researches new cultures before he visits them now.选择一项：B. F题目10It’s very easy to make blunders like these people did. But it’s also very easy not to. Before you visit a new country, research that country’s customs and etiquette (social rules for polite behavior). You can find a lot of information online. Just go to a search engine and type in key words like “cross-cultural etiquette” or “cultural information Taiwan”. By spending a few minutes doing research, you can save yourself from a lot of embarrassment and make sure you don’t accidentally off end anyone.10. What you can disagree with people to save yourself from making cross-cultural blunders.选择一项：A. TB. FChapter 7 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for True and “F” for False on the Answer Sheet. (1 point each)题目1For instance, a doctor doesn’t always have time to thoroughly explain an illness. In these cases, the Internet can be a valuable resource—a place to read all about the causes, symptoms, and remedies for an illness.1. One benefit of using the Internet as a medical resource is it has a lot of information about illnesses and diseases.选择一项：A. FB. T题目2For example, some websites claim that sniffing (smelling) a newspaper can cure nausea (the feeling of being sick to your stomach and wanting to vomit).2. One possible remedy for nausea is drinking a lot of tea.选择一项：A. TB. F题目3Other websites suggest that a person with a cold should keep a piece of raw garlic in his or her mouth allday and bite down on it every few minutes to release the juice. People with smelly feet are told to soak their feet in tea for half an hour.3. The websites remedies might be unpleasant or odd, but they probably will cause harm. And who knows? They might actually be unhelpful.选择一项：A. FB. T题目4An herbal remedy for helping your memory may also be a blood thinner. So if your doctor prescribed (put you on) a blood thinner and you start taking this herb without asking your doctor about it, a simple cut could be deadly; you might not be able to stop bleeding.4. A person who is taking a prescribed drug should probably talk to the doctor before taking an herbal remedy.选择一项：A. FB. T题目5The bottom line is this: be careful when using the Internet as a health resource. Use it to find information that you can discuss with your doctor. But don’t spend a lot of money on “miracle cures”.5. The best way to use the Internet as a medical resource is to read about your illness and discuss what you find out with your doctor.选择一项：A. TB. FII. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0.4 points each)题目6disease substance classification prevent figureIn a small-town farm market, hundreds of elderly people drink a glass of sour dark cherry juice every day. These happy senior citizens, some of them over the age of 90, claim that the natural fruit juice cures—or at least decreases—the pain of their arthritis, a 6 disease of the joints of the aging body. It’s a folk remedy, not a proven medical therapy. Nevertheless, science is beginning to 7 figure out why sour cherry juice might work to improve the health of patients with arthritis. The secret is in the 8 substance that。