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大学英语六级之虚拟语气讲解2016年大学英语六级之虚拟语气讲解虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实，或难以实现的，甚至表达相反的概念。
另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时，也用虚拟语气。
本文便是为大家讲解虚拟语气的语法。
欢迎阅读!语气的定义和种类1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴ 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
如：⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to thepost office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.A .mayB .canC . mustD .dare【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。
我女儿一个人在家。
A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。
结合句意，故选C。
【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。
2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。
根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟。
所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。
故选D。
【考点定位】虚拟语气【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。
3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novelA Farewell to Arms.A.d idn’t writeB. hadn’t writtenC. wouldn’t writeD. wouldn’t have written【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。
虚拟语气简介虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。
即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
①错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。
如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.②if省略句在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。
如：If I were at school again, I would study harder.→Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。
高三英语寒假作业专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气（学）情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空和语法填空中必考的一个知识点。
情态动词在高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。
【重点知识整合】一、情态动词1．shall(1)表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等，一般用于第二、三人称中，并用于陈述句。
You shall have my answer tomorrow.（允诺）你明天就会得到我的答复。
He shall be sorry for it one day,I tell you.（警告）我告诉你，他总有一天会后悔的。
You shall do as I tell you.（命令或吩咐）你应该按照我告诉你的去做。
(2)shall用于第三人称，表示“应，必须”。
Those belonging to our club shall wear uniforms.我们俱乐部的成员应该穿统一制服。
(3)用于征求对方的意见和指示，用在第一、三人称的疑问句中。
Shall I turn on the light?我能打开灯吗？Shall he come to see you? =Do you want him to see you?你愿意他来看你吗？2．will(1)表示意志、愿望或决心等。
--Can someone help me?有人能帮帮我吗？--I will.我来帮你。
(2)与you连用，表示请求。
Will you come this way，please?你能走这条路吗？(3)表示规律性的“注定会”。
People will die without air or water.离开水或空气人们将会死的。
(4)表示习惯或特征。
This old man is very strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything．这位老人很怪，他会坐在那儿几小时不说话。
虚拟语气用法总结什么是虚拟语气虚拟语气概述：虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
虚拟语气的应用条件：在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气的用法总结虚拟语气概述：虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
虚拟语气的应用条件：在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。
例句：If I had seen him yesterday, I would have told him the news.我如果昨天见到他的话，就会把这个消息告诉他的。
It is surprising that you (should) not understand me!太奇怪了，你竟然不理解我！虚拟语气的三种时态（1）与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。
如：If you took a taxi，you'd get there quicker.If I knew her number I could ring her up.（2）与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。
如：If left sooner， have been on time.If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.（3）与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, migh t)+动词原形”。
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.如果我是你，我就会努力学习．If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了．If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛．If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：１．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了．２．省略句在条件句中，可省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用（1）用于宾语从句１、wish 后面的宾语从句中。
一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表将来would, might, could＋动词原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I would\could go.2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。
insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形”should可以省略．My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.（3）虚拟语气在在主语从句中A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形1.我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.2 她这样做是很自然的。
It’s natural that she should do so.3 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient.B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.三、虚拟语气在其他从句中1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should 不能省略．It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!3. would rather + 从句动词用过去式或过去完成时I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.4. as if ( as though) 看起来常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(had done).He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it5. even if ( even though)即使Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.四情态动词+ have donecould have done 本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能- - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做- - -shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不该做- -你本不应该告诉她真相。
Y ou shouldn’t have told her the truth .needn’t have done 本不必做- - -比较：didn’t need to do 没必要做也没有做- - -我没必要擦窗户。
我兄弟做了I didn’t need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本来会去做----我没有足够的钱．否则我会买那本书的．I didn’t have enough money, otherwise I would havebought that book.Choose the best answer:1.It is strange that the little boy _____ speak two foreign languages.A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment ____ before 5:30pm.A. be finishedB.will finishC. must be finished3.He _____ you more help,even though he was very busy.A, might have given B. might give C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there ____no New China.A.would beB. has beenC. should beD.was5. He is talking so much about America as if he_____ there.A.had beenB. has beenC. wasD. has gone6. The young man insisted that he _____ nothingwrong and _____ free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. should do; be setD. had done; must be set7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ allright now.A.areB. wereC. would beD. would have been8. Y ou _____ come earlier. The bus left a momentago.A. wouldB. should haveC. mayD. have答案：CAAA ABCB。
