高中英语 高三上学期英语语法复习之复合句与并列复合句 用法及练习(含答案)
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复合句与并列复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫做复合句。
一些人也把它称之为主从复合句。
所谓主句,就是在复合句中起统领作用的句子,它是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;而从句则是复合句的一个句子成分,不能独立存在。
如:
You’ll feel better after you take the pills.吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。
The police learned that he wasn’t there at that time.警察获知他那时不在场。
这两句都是复合句,第一句的主句是You’ll feel better,从句是after you take the pills,由after引导,在整个复合句中用作状语,表示时间;第二句的主句是The police learned是主句,that he wasn’t there at that time 是从句,由that引导,在整个复合句中用作宾语。
注意:英语的复合句不是简单句的反面,不要将它误解为“复杂句”。
事实上,英语的简单句有时也可以比较“复杂”,而复合句也可以比较“简单”。
如:
He stopped because he was tired. 他停下来是因为他累了。
这个句子比较“简单”,却是一个典型的复合句,其中的he stopped是主句,because he was tired是从句,在复合句中用作状语,表示原因。
The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed tomake a living.
全靠力气谋生的日子已经过去了。
这个句子是个复合句,后面when引导的是一个定语从句,修饰先行词days,只不过在这个句子中先行词和定语从句当中加入了谓语部分。
所谓并列复合句,就是指并列句中的两个分句中又内含从句,或者说就是含有复合句的并列句。
如:
The policeman looked at me suspiciously. 那警察用怀疑的眼光看着我。
(简单句)
He asked me what I wanted. 他问我要干什么。
(复合句,其中的what 引导宾语从句)
The policeman looked at me suspiciously, and he asked me what I wanted.
那警察用怀疑的眼光看着我,于是问我要干什么。
(并列复合句;and 连接两个分句构成并列句,但and 后面又是一个含有宾语从句的复合句)实战练习:分析下列句子(找出并列连词和复合句部分是什么从句,并尝试翻译)
1. He is my friend and that’s why I have accepted the task. John wanted to
go to the party, but his wife said that she was too tired. 约翰想去参加晚会,但他的妻子说她太累了。
2. I put my arm across his shoulders and steered him to the sofa, where he collapsed.
3. It was still early, and although she was fatigued her mind was restless.
4.He had always loved Clara and he had always hoped that he could make
her love him.
5..Of course, they couldn’t see with their eyes, but they thought that by touching him they could learn just what kind of animal he was.
6.I asked a man who has a wife and three children who did the cooking in
his house and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it.
The key:
1. and 为并列连词,后面why引导表语从句;他是我的朋友,因此我才接受了这个任务。
2. and为并列连词,后面where引导定语从句。
我用手臂抱住他双肩并
把他架到沙发旁,他就倒在沙发上了。
3. and为并列连词,后面although引导让步状语从句。
时间还早,而且,虽然她感到很累,她的脑子却一刻不停。
4. and为并列连词,后面that引导宾语从句。
他一直都爱着克拉拉而且一直期望他能使她爱上他。
5. but 为并列连词,后面that和what均引导宾语从句,他们当然不能用眼看,但他们想通过触摸也可以辨认出它到底是一种什么动物。
6. and 为并列连词;第一个who引导定语从句;第二个who引导宾语从句;后面that引导宾语从句;whoever引导主语从句。
我问一个有妻子和三个孩子的人,他家谁做饭,他回答说,谁先下班回来,谁就做饭。