理解《海船船员适任考试和发证规则》的五个“关键词

中华人民共和国渔业船舶适任考试和发证规则
中华人民共和国渔业船舶适任考试和发证规则是为了提高渔业船舶船员技术水平，保障渔业船舶航行和生产作业安全而制定的。

以下是该规则的主要内容：
1. 适任证书的适用范围：渔业船舶的驾驶和轮机人员需要持有相应的适任证书才能从事渔业船舶的航行和作业。

适任证书分为海上和内陆渔业船舶适任证书，按照不同的职务分为初级、中级、高级三个等级。

2. 考试与发证：渔业船舶船员的适任考试和发证工作由国家海事管理机构负责统一管理，由省级以上人民政府渔业行政主管部门按照国家海事管理机构的规定组织实施。

3. 考试科目和标准：适任考试包括理论考试和实际操作考试两部分。

理论考试包括航海学、船舶操纵与避碰、气象与海洋学、航海仪器、航海英语等方面的知识；实际操作考试包括船舶操纵、船舶导航、船舶消防等方面的技能。

4. 证书的有效期与审核：适任证书的有效期一般为5年，期间需要进行证书审核。

审核内容包括资格条件、工作经历、培训记录、违法记录等方面的审查。

5. 法律责任：对于未持有有效适任证书或者未按照规定进行培训的渔业船舶船员，将受到相应的行政处罚；对于伪造、变造或者使用伪造、变造的适任证书的，将追究其法律责任。

总之，该规则是为了保障渔业船舶的安全生产和船员的生命财产安全而制定的，对提高渔业船舶的技术水平和安全管理水平具有重要的意义。

中华人民共和国内河船舶船员适任考试和发证规则文章属性•【制定机关】交通运输部•【公布日期】2010.06.29•【文号】交通运输部令2010年第1号•【施行日期】2011.01.01•【效力等级】部门规章•【时效性】失效•【主题分类】水运正文交通运输部令（2010年第1号）《中华人民共和国内河船舶船员适任考试和发证规则》已于2010年5月27日经第5次部务会议通过，现予公布，自2011年1月1日起施行。

部长李盛霖二〇一〇年六月二十九日中华人民共和国内河船舶船员适任考试和发证规则第一章总则第一条为了提高内河船舶船员素质，保障水上人命和财产安全，保护水域环境，根据《中华人民共和国船员条例》和《中华人民共和国内河交通安全管理条例》，制定本规则。

第二条本规则适用于内河船舶船员的适任考试和《内河船舶船员适任证书》（以下简称《适任证书》）的签发。

第三条国务院交通运输主管部门主管全国内河船舶船员适任考试和发证工作。

国家海事管理机构在国务院交通运输主管部门的领导下，对全国内河船舶船员适任考试和发证工作进行统一管理。

各级海事管理机构按照国家海事管理机构确定的权限范围具体负责内河船舶船员适任考试和发证工作。

按照本条第三款规定具体负责内河船舶船员适任考试的海事管理机构以下简称考试机构，具体负责内河船舶船员适任发证的海事管理机构以下简称发证机构。

第四条国家海事管理机构应当及时向社会公布考试机构和发证机构的名录及权限。

第五条内河船舶船员适任考试和发证应当遵循公平、公正、公开、便民的原则。

考试机构和发证机构应当建立健全适任考试、发证的各项制度，并及时向社会发布相关信息，为船员参加适任考试和办理《适任证书》提供便利。

第二章《适任证书》的签发第六条《适任证书》包含以下基本内容：（一）持证人姓名、性别、出生日期；（二）证书类别、编号；（三）持证人职务资格、适任的航区（线）；（四）证书签发日期和有效期截止日期；（五）发证机构；（六）其他需要规定的内容。

中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试和发证规则（2022年修正）文章属性•【制定机关】交通运输部•【公布日期】2022.04.14•【文号】•【施行日期】2022.04.14•【效力等级】部门规章•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】水运正文中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试和发证规则（2020年7月6日交通运输部发布，根据2022年4月14日《交通运输部关于修改〈中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试和发证规则〉的决定》修正）第一章总则第一条为了提高海船船员素质，保障海上人命和财产安全，保护海洋环境，根据《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》《中华人民共和国船员条例》以及我国缔结或者加入的有关国际公约，制定本规则。

第二条本规则适用于为取得中华人民共和国海船船员适任证书（以下简称适任证书）而进行的考试以及适任证书、适任证书特免证明和外国适任证书承认签证的签发与管理。

第三条交通运输部主管全国海船船员适任考试和发证工作。

交通运输部海事局在交通运输部的领导下，对海船船员适任考试和发证工作进行统一管理。

交通运输部海事局所属的各级海事管理机构按照交通运输部海事局确定的职责范围具体负责海船船员适任考试和发证工作。

第四条海船船员适任考试和发证应当遵循公平、公正、公开、便民的原则。

第二章适任证书第一节适任证书基本信息第五条适任证书包含以下基本内容：（一）持证人姓名、性别、出生日期、国籍、持证人签名及照片；（二）证书编号；（三）持证人适任的航区、职务；（四）发证日期和有效期；（五）签发机关名称和签发官员署名；（六）规定需要载明的其他内容。

参加航行和轮机值班的适任证书还应当包含证书等级、职能，有关国际公约的适用条款，持证人适任的船舶种类、主推进动力装置类型、特殊设备操作等内容。

第六条持证人适任的航区分为无限航区和沿海航区，但无线电操作人员适任的航区分为A1、A2、A3和A4海区。

第七条船员职务分为：（一）参加航行和轮机值班的船员：1.船长；2.甲板部船员：大副、二副、三副、高级值班水手、值班水手，其中大副、二副、三副统称为驾驶员；3.轮机部船员：轮机长、大管轮、二管轮、三管轮、电子电气员、高级值班机工、值班机工、电子技工，其中大管轮、二管轮、三管轮统称为轮机员；4.无线电操作人员：一级无线电电子员、二级无线电电子员、通用操作员、限用操作员。

【发布单位】交通运输部【发布文号】交通运输部令2017年第8号【发布日期】2017-03-28【生效日期】2017-03-28【失效日期】【所属类别】国家法律法规【文件来源】交通运输部中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试和发证规则（2011年12月27日交通运输部发布根据2013年12月24日交通运输部《关于修改〈中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试和发证规则〉的决定》第一次修正根据2017年3月28日交通运输部《关于修改〈中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试和发证规则〉的决定》第二次修正）第一章总则第一条为了提高海船船员素质，保障海上人命和财产安全，保护海洋环境，根据《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》《中华人民共和国船员条例》以及我国缔结或者加入的有关国际公约，制定本规则。

第二条本规则适用于为取得中华人民共和国海船船员适任证书（以下简称适任证书）而进行的考试以及适任证书、适任证书特免证明和外国适任证书承认签证的签发与管理。

第三条国务院交通运输主管部门主管全国海船船员适任考试和发证工作。

国家海事管理机构在国务院交通运输主管部门的领导下，对海船船员适任考试和发证工作进行统一管理。

国家海事管理机构所属的各级海事管理机构按照国家海事管理机构确定的职责范围具体负责海船船员适任考试和发证工作。

第四条海船船员适任考试和发证应当遵循公平、公正、公开、便民的原则。

第二章适任证书第一节适任证书基本信息第五条适任证书包含以下基本内容：（一）持证人姓名、性别、出生日期、国籍、持证人签名及照片；（二）证书等级、编号；（三）有关国际公约的适用条款；（四）持证人适任的航区、职务、职能；（五）持证人适任的船舶种类、主推进动力装置、特殊设备操作等项目；（六）发证日期和有效期截止日期；（七）签发机关名称和签发官员署名；（八）规定需要载明的其他内容。

第六条持证人适任的航区分为无限航区和沿海航区，但无线电操作人员适任的航区分为A1、A2、A3和A4海区。

《中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试和发证规则》及配套规范性文件解析四交通运输部2011年第12号令《中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试和发证规则》（以下简称“11规则”）已于2012年3月1日正式实施，相关的配套规范性文件也已经由中国海事局颁布，为了更好地理解“11规则”，下面对规则和配套文件做一简单解析。

十六、“04规则”值班水手和值班机工申请“11规则”适任证书：由于“11规则”将值班水手和值班机工适任证书的有效期根据STCW公约马尼拉修正案调整为长期有效，持有“04规则”值班水手、值班机工适任证书（包括有效和失效），可直接对应申请“11规则”的值班水手、值班机工适任证书，有效期可至65周岁。

十七、无限航区考试未通过申请转沿海航区：在海船船员初次适任考试准考证签发之日起的3年内，考试未全部通过者，如果除英语科目或项目外，其他成绩均已经通过，可以申请转为沿海航区适任考试成绩；如果除英语科目或项目外，还有其他科目或项目未通过者，不得申请转为沿海航区适任考试成绩，逾期所有成绩全部作废。

这里需要注意的仅可转成绩，不能转考，要求无限航区考生对应的沿海航区要求的所有理论考试科目和评估项目必须全部通过，方可以转沿海，特别注意驾驶专业按“04规则”考试的英语理论必须通过，驾驶专业按“11规则”考试的英语评估必须通过。

十八、过渡期适任培训内容：船长和驾驶员过渡期适任培训主要包括驾驶台资源管理、电子海图显示与信息系统、新技术和新法规（船员64学时，在校生74学时）；轮机长和轮机员过渡期适任培训主要包括机舱资源管理、新技术和新法规（船员52学时，在校生66学时）。

十九、已经参加过的驾驶台资源管理（BRM）、电子海图显示与信息系统（ECDIS）、机舱资源管理（ERM）的认定：在2012年3月1日前已开展BRM、ECDIS 和ERM培训的单位，当将培训大纲、教学计划、学员名单及相关记录报直属海事管理机构，经审核合格的，其培训予以认可，受训船员相应的过渡期适任培训内容可以免除。

2022年船员考试新规则新修订的《发证规则》参考了04《发证规则》的框架设置，充分考虑了新旧规则间的连续性，在不降低适任标准的基础上，解决了04《发证规则》的学历要求与《船员条例》规定冲突问题，简化了证书适用航区设置，简化证书发放与制作；取消了职务晋升的学历要求，科学、合理设置船员晋升资历要求；重视培训内容、过程和实效；强化公司及机构的责任，引导其重视船员培养。

为更加全面的了解新修订的《中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试和发证规则》，我们需要重点把握以下五个“关键词”。

一：简化（一）简化适任证书适用的航区设置STCW公约马尼拉修正案对适任证书未划分航区（不考虑近岸），04《发证规则》设置了无限、近洋、沿海、近岸四个航区和甲、乙、丙、丁四类证书，造成我国海船船员适任证书种类多、管理复杂、适任标准区分不明晰等问题，导致国外部分港口国检查看不懂我国的近洋航区适任证书。

实际上，无限航区和近洋航区，沿海航区和近岸航区对船员适任要求没有根本区别，考虑到国内和国际环境下船员的英语交流和应对港口检查的差异，同时，从船员证书量上来看，近洋航区船员证书量占国际航线船员证书量的比例不到10%故本次修订将航区简化分为无限航区（04《发证规则》的无限和近洋航区合并）和沿海航区（04《发证规则》的沿海和近岸航区合并）。

（二）简化船员证书的发放目前我国船员证书数量多，逻辑关系较复杂，船员上船任职主要有适任证书、专业培训合格证、特殊培训合格证，同时上液货船、客船等特殊类型船舶上任职的船员，其适任证书上需要取消对特殊类型船舶的限制。

本次修订《发证规则》，结合STCW公约马尼拉修正案对船员证书的调整和明确，主要做了如下修改：1、适任证书公约将船长和高级船员的任职证书作为适任证书，需要5年更新和缔约国签证；而对于值班水手、高级值班水手、值班机工、高级值班机工和电子技工的任职证书作为培训合格证，不需要5年更新和缔约国签证。

而我国《船员条例》第九条规定“参加航行和轮机值班的船员，应当依照本条例的规定取得相应的船员适任证书。

海船船员培训考试发证规则摘要：一、海船船员适任考试和发证规则的背景和目的二、适用范围和基本原则三、适任证书的基本信息和要求四、考试和发证的具体流程五、相关法律法规和机构职责六、实施办法和违规处理正文：海船船员培训考试发证规则是为了提高海船船员的素质，保障海上人命和财产安全，保护海洋环境而制定的。

这一规则适用于为取得中华人民共和国海船船员适任证书（以下简称适任证书）而进行的考试以及适任证书、适任证书特免证明和外国适任证书承认签证的签发与管理。

适任证书是证明海船船员具备适任能力的重要文件，其基本信息包括持证人姓名、性别、出生日期、国籍、持证人签名及照片、证书编号、持证人适任的航区、职务、发证日期和有效期、签发机关名称和签发官员署名等。

海船船员适任考试和发证规则的实施流程分为几个步骤。

首先，考生需要向指定的培训机构报名参加培训。

培训结束后，考生需要参加由交通运输部海事局组织的适任考试。

考试合格后，考生可以向海事局申请领取适任证书。

海事局在收到申请后，会对考生的资格进行审核，如果符合要求，就会发放适任证书。

在实施海船船员适任考试和发证规则的过程中，相关法律法规和机构职责也起到了重要的作用。

交通运输部主管全国海船船员适任考试和发证工作，交通运输部海事局在交通运输部的领导下，对海船船员适任考试和发证工作进行统一管理。

同时，海事局所属的各级海事管理机构按照交通运输部海事局确定的职责范围具体负责海船船员适任考试和发证工作。

为了确保海船船员适任考试和发证规则的实施效果，我国还制定了相关的实施办法和违规处理规定。

这些规定对于保证海船船员适任考试和发证的公平、公正、公开、便民起到了重要的作用。

综上所述，海船船员适任考试和发证规则是我国为了提高海船船员素质，保障海上人命和财产安全，保护海洋环境而制定的一项重要规则。

海船船员适任考试和发证规则随着航运业的发展，海船船员的重要性也日益凸显。

为了保障海上航行的安全和顺利进行，各国都制定了相应的海船船员适任考试和发证规则。

本文将对这些规则进行详细介绍。

一、海船船员适任考试的目的海船船员适任考试是为了评估船员是否具备必要的知识和技能，以确保他们能够胜任所担任的职务。

这些考试通常包括理论考试和实践考试两个部分。

理论考试主要测试船员对海上航行、船舶操作、海洋气象等方面的知识掌握情况，而实践考试则考察船员在实际操作中的技能水平。

二、海船船员适任考试的内容海船船员适任考试的内容包括以下几个方面：1. 船舶结构和设备：包括船舶的各种结构和设备的名称、功能、位置以及使用方法等方面的知识。

2. 航行规则和安全：包括航行规则、海上安全、应急处理等方面的知识。

3. 航海知识：包括导航、海图、海洋气象等方面的知识。

4. 船舶操作技能：包括船舶的操作、维护、修理等方面的技能。

5. 语言能力：船员需要具备一定的英语或其他外语能力，以便与国际航行中的其他船舶进行通讯。

三、海船船员适任考试的种类海船船员适任考试的种类包括以下几个：1. 船长和大副考试：这是最高级别的考试，船长和大副需要通过这个考试才能担任相应的职务。

2. 中副考试：中副是船长和大副的下级，需要通过中副考试才能担任相应的职务。

3. 三副考试：三副是船长和大副的下下级，需要通过三副考试才能担任相应的职务。

4. 机长考试：机长是负责船舶引擎的人员，需要通过机长考试才能担任相应的职务。

5. 机务员考试：机务员是船舶引擎的操作人员，需要通过机务员考试才能担任相应的职务。

四、海船船员发证规则海船船员适任考试合格后，需要办理相关证件才能担任相应的职务。

不同国家的证件种类和名称可能有所不同，但一般都包括以下几个：1. 船员证：这是最基本的证件，证明持证人已经通过了相应的考试，并具备相应的职务能力。

2. 船舶操作证：这是船员在船舶操作方面的证明，通常需要持有相应的操作证才能操作相应的设备。

理解《海船船员适任考试和发证规则》的五个关键词（Understanding of seafarers competency examination and Certification Rulesof the Five key words）"Understanding of seafarers competency examination and Certification Rules of the" Five "key words"The Guangdong maritime bureau Wu Yan Wang ChanghaiOriginal address:/thread-294099-1-1.htmlWith the 2010 1978 "standards of training, certification and the International Convention on standards of Manila amendment" (hereinafter referred to as the "Manila amendment") by Chinese maritime crew management work in the third task performance. In order to ensure that the January 1, 2012 Manila amendment to the comprehensive and effective implementation of the experts and scholars, China maritime bureau directly under the maritime system, maritime institutions and shipping companies held 6 collective research office, after full investigation and study and seek the views of the industry, more than 20 drafts, the final completion of the 2011 "People's Republic of China seafarers competency examination and certification the rules" (hereinafter referred to as the "11 rules" ") of the revision, and from March 1, 2012 onwards.The "11 rules" with reference to the "04 rules" set the framework, considering the continuity between the old and new rules, not reduce the competency standards, to resolve the conflict of "relevant provisions of education rules" and 04"crew regulations", simplify the application navigation area certificate setting simplified the production of the certificate issued and cancelled; education promotion, scientific and reasonable set crew promotion qualifications; the importance of training content, process and effectiveness; strengthen corporate and institutional responsibility, guide the attention of crew training. For a more comprehensive understanding of the "2011 People's Republic of China seafarers competency examination and Certification Rules", we need to grasp the following five key words".Key words: simplification(a) simplify setting eligibility certificate applicable areaManila amendment to the certificate of competency area without clear division, and the "04 rules" set up unlimited, four near ocean, coastal, coastal navigation area and a, B, C and D class Four certificate, certificate of competency for seafarers in China caused by many kinds of complicated management, competency standards division is not clear other issues, such as some foreign offshore navigation area of PSC cannot read the eligibility certificate, to the operation of the ship has brought a lot of inconvenience. In fact, unlimited area and offshore navigation area, coastal area and coastal navigation area of crew competency requirements there is no fundamental difference, at the same time from the crew certificate proportion, the crew offshore navigation area certificate accounted for the total proportion of minimum crew certificate of international routes. The "11 rules" will simplify the navigation area is divided into unlimited area (the "04 rules"of the infinite and the offshore navigation area and coastal area (with) the "04 rules" of the coastal and offshore navigation area merger).(two) to simplify the issuance of seafarer certificatesThere are many kinds of seafarer certificates in our country, and the logic relation is complicated. The crew aboard the main office certificate and professional training certificate, special training certificate, at the same time on tankers, passenger ships and other special types of ships serving the crew, the eligibility certificate also need to cancel the special type ship limit. The 11 rule combines the amendment of Manila to adjust the crew certificate, and simplifies the crew certificate accordingly.1, the certificate of competencyThe Convention will be the master and officers serving as the certificate of eligibility certificate, need 5 years to update or contracting visa; for on duty, on duty seaman convention senior seaman, duty mechanic, electronic and mechanic senior electrician on duty qualification certificate as a training certificate, do not need 5 or more new Contracting visa. But China's "crew regulations" provisions of article ninth in "navigation and marine duty crew, the crew shall obtain the corresponding certificate according to the provisions of these regulations." Means in navigation and marine on duty on duty, on duty, on duty seaman seaman senior mechanic, electronic and mechanic senior duty mechanic certificate is a certificate of competency. Considering the implementation of the Conventionprovisions and requirements of the upper law "crew regulations", the provisions of the Convention of the crew on duty certificate to enhance competency certificate and the certificate for long-term effective,Jane is short of the certificate of the crew, and the exchange is valid.2, the certificate of competency shall not cancel the restriction of liquid cargo.The "04 rules" provisions of the crew in the special type ship office, first completed special training and obtain the corresponding certificate, then the corresponding practice in the boat, and then cancel the restrictions on the application of ship types in the certificate of competency, practice proved that this approach has many problems, one is the replacement of complex two is applicable; the certificate of competency and the relevant special training certificate validity period is not the same, a logical contradiction appears overdue. Taking into account the Manila amendment will be oil tankers, chemical tankers, liquefied gas ship cargo operations as senior internship requirements issued by the corresponding certificate, therefore, the "11 rules" in addition to retain the passenger ship certificate needs to cancel the restrictions, other types of special training qualified certificate and certificate of any suitable application, without restrictions.3 、 training certificateAccording to the Convention revision, the "04 rules"professional training certificate and special training certificate unified training certificate. This revision with "11 rules", and also revised the "measures" issued a certificate of training, the original accreditation rules and other normative documents are revised, mainly reflected in the training will be merged together, in the form of double side printing paper using A5, simple and generous, in on the basis of full performance, reduce the number of seafarers to hold a certificate, and is more convenient for the maritime field inspection verification.(three) optimize the examination elements, supervision forward.To simplify the qualification examination before the examination, strengthen the competence training of daily supervision and inspection, after the crew can obtain the training certificate in certificate examination, and finally with certificate of competency test materials for the issuance of the certificate of competency. It reduced the approval process and optimized the approval factors, which made the crew more convenient and improved the administrative efficiency.In addition, according to "crew regulations" requirements, will obtain a certificate of competency conditions, modify the minimum age crew requirements, and will "meet the seafarer examination standards to meet the requirements of health examination for seafarers, while increasing the valid for two years" health card ", to replace the existing period one year" crew physical examination form ", one of the original Ministry of industry standard" overage "does not meet the need of thedevelopment of the industry, on the other hand, STCW is also the requirements of the Convention, a great convenience to the crew.(four) a simplified description of the way the crew promotes the language.The training and qualifications and examinations are presented in the form of an annex in the 11 rules, which are more concise and relevant to the 10 Rules of inland waterway. At the same time, the competency exam subjects and projects, syllabus and standard from the exam rules deleted, with normative documents shall be formulated separately, to avoid the Convention or the domestic law amendment or navigation technology, you need to modify the content, can't adjust.Key words two: educational backgroundSince China's implementation of the STCW78/95 convention, maritime education has been used as the application conditions of the certificate of competency requirements. This performance pay more attention to the leading role of training for the training of seafarer competence, therefore "the abolition of the degree requirements 11 rules". Secondary and higher vocational or above different levels of navigation students only in the three and three round tube side for certificates of competency conditions is a one-time distinction, after the promotion conditions will be treated equally.At the same time, "11 rules" for maritime graduates of differentlevels take promotion in different ways (see Table 1: 11 rules Chinese seafarers (500GT /750KW occupation growth path table and above)), in addition to some universities approved the use of high-quality resources to cultivate the navigation class students through the examination on the ship and practice directly after application the original two pair and two Engineer certificate. This not only encourages the enthusiasm of the undergraduate colleges to train maritime graduates, but also shortens their time of obtaining the master of the ship and the chief engineer's certificate, and can retain the crew members on the ship,For shipping industry to retain a number of highly educated, high-level, skilled management personnel.Key words three: qualificationsThe seniority of service is an important manifestation of the crew occupation career, is also a key factor to improve maritime skills, in accordance with the needs of the requirements of the Convention and the reality of our shipping industry, "04 rules" of the corresponding provisions of the maritime service qualifications, but with the rapid development of shipping industry, increased mobility of the crew, the original provisions of relevant qualifications don't adapt to the development of the shipping industry, while ensuring full compliance, security, "11 rules" on the sea the seniority of service differentiated settings, embodied in the:(1) probationary qualifications are set according to job level. The captain and senior crew members on the ship to be carriedout in the trainee certificate examination in all subjects and all through the project, and record the trainee on board book, apply for a certificate of competence, expand the area of increasing power or tonnage, can be exempted from the ship on probation. The qualifications of trainees are graded according to their positions. Different job internships make different requirements for the navigation area and grade. This is more practical, and also helps to ensure safety and improve the quality of the crew.(two) flexibility of job promotion qualification. Apply for unlimited area promotion eligibility certificate qualifications required by the maritime service for at least 6 months is serving in the ship unlimited area on the rest of the time can be served in the marine coastal area, the qualifications set elastic help to alleviate the shortage of domestic flights of the ship crew, the crew also broaden the employment.(three) re qualification difference setting. Will apply for a certificate of competency more effective conditions of refinement, and further facilitate the crew. One is a more effective case according to the Manila amendment, namely "6 months before the application date of post competency certificate effective propinquity in a total of not less than 3 months of sea service qualifications, and service performance of qualified, good safety record, two is not to meet the normal and effective the case, treat according to age difference has expired, can through the simulator training, assessment, inspection checks the theory test, ship trainee manner and effective, as experienced and create the conditions to continueto serve in the ship crew.Key words four: PracticeTaking into account the great role of Maritime Education in seafarer training, after repeated studies and soliciting opinions from all sides, practical links, namely training and service qualifications, are regarded as the main guarantee for the quality of seafarers.(1) emphasizing the nature of navigation education in maritime colleges and universities, and emphasizing that institutions and training institutions must complete all the theoretical and practical contents before they can apply for a theoretical examination. And the definition of practical teaching is added, including experiment teaching, factory practice teaching and ship practice. The next step will be to unify the syllabus of the institutions and training institutions and incorporate all the content on board.(two) the certificate of China's coastal ships and coastal number matching and new crew of the domestic and international crew not so serious, resulting in domestic owner or management company manning of ships, some of the jobs crew serious tension, no qualifications at sea for 12 months (including two year secondary school students in training) complete the training, can apply for the coastal area three, three tube wheel test, a guide to this part of the crew working on domestic routes, solve domestic crew tense situation, on the other hand is also consistent with the requirements of crew training management rules, requirements must be completed all the task of theoryteaching and Practice Teaching, achieve the training that can participate in the examination. The purpose is to emphasize the importance of practical training and training on board, and through the practice section on the boat, the trainees who are not adapted to the ship's life are eliminated, and the examination Resources of institutions and authorities are saved. And because of the institutions to arrange students on board practice, objectively constrained in some colleges and universities blind enrollment, encourage cooperation between enterprises, to achieve the order training, combat crew training market of false prosperity of the phenomenon, to ensure the sustainable development of students internships and employment and crew training.Key words five: ResponsibilityAccording to "crew regulations" requirements, "11 rules" responsibility of companies and institutions made specific provisions, a clear responsibility, especially for companies and institutions to strengthen the crew practice to do a detailed description.(1) strengthen the responsibilities of the company and institutions, and guide companies and institutions to pay attention to the training of seafarers. According to the Manila amendment, "additional training should be designated for crew members", "distance teaching and electronic teaching", "GMDSS equipment training", "familiar with security training" and other requirements. At the same time to give greater autonomy to the ship company organization will develop 04 trainee, "rules" on board probation Record Book National Maritimeagencies, to develop standards for national maritime institutions, the company in order to meet the standard, can be combined with the company's actual self making ship probation record book.(two) to strengthen the responsibility of the captain and crew, "04 rules" legal liability in terms were revised, consistent with the "Regulations" for the crew, the captain and crew recorded the seniority of service performance in office and the crew are made or fill in the records made clear responsibility in training, training record book。

船员适任考试和发证规则
嘿，朋友们！今天咱要来聊聊船员适任考试和发证规则。

你们想想，这
就好比要去攀登一座很高的山峰，登山前得做好各种准备吧，船员适任考试也是这样啊！
就说这船员适任考试吧，那可不是随随便便就能过的呀！比如说要考各
种航海知识，什么天文地理、船舶原理，哇，可多了去了！这就好像在学校里考试一样，得好好复习，认真对待才行呢！（小明就曾经为了这个考试，每天起早贪黑地学习，那努力的劲儿，真让人佩服！）要是不认真准备，那怎么能考好呢？
再说说发证规则，这可不是随便发个证就完事儿了的。

它得严格按照标
准来呀！就像比赛要有公平公正的规则一样。

（你想想，要是随便发证，那多不靠谱，谁都能当船员了，这海上还不得乱套呀！）只有真正达到要求的人，才能拿到那个象征着能力和资格的证书呢！
而且啊，我跟你们讲，这船员适任考试和发证规则可不只是简单的事儿。

它关系到船员自身的安危，也关系到整艘船的安全运行，甚至关系到海上运输的顺畅呢！（那些优秀的船员们，不就是因为通过了严格的考试，拿到了证，才能在大海上自由驰骋的吗？）这可不是开玩笑的呀！
所以呀，我们一定要重视船员适任考试和发证规则。

它是保障我们安全航行的重要关卡，是我们通往辽阔大海的钥匙！我们不能轻视它，而要努力去适应它，通过它，然后才能在大海上展现我们的风采！大家说是不是呀！。

中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试、评估和发证规则（2004年第6号）第一章总则第一条为了提高海船船员技术素质，保障海上人命和财产安全，保护海洋环境，促进海运业发展，根据《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》以及我国加入的有关国际公约规定，制定本规则。

第二条本规则适用于为取得《中华人民共和国海船船员适任证书》（以下简称为“适任证书”）而进行的考试、评估以及适任证书、适任证书特免证明和外国适任证书承认签证的签发与管理。

第三条在中国籍海船上任职的船长、高级船员和值班水手、值班机工应当持有与其所服务的船舶航区、种类、等级或主机类别和所担任的职务相符的有效适任证书。

但有本规则第六十六条规定情形的，应当持有本规则第八章规定的适任证书特免证明。

在装备有全球海上遇险和安全系统（以下简称GMDSS）的船舶、近海移动装置、海上平台或设施上任职的船长、驾驶员和无线电人员还应持有GMDSS无线电人员适任证书。

在军事船舶、渔船、非机动船、非营业的游艇、体育运动船和构造简单的木船上服务的船员不适用本条上述规定。

第四条申请适任证书者应符合下列基本条件：（一）持有有效的《船员服务簿》；（二）满足以下年龄要求：1、女性船员小于60周岁，男性船员小于65周岁；2、申请海船船长、高级船员适任证书者，年龄不小于20周岁；3、申请值班水手和值班机工适任证书者，年龄不小于18周岁；（三）完成本规则规定的相应船员教育和培训；（四）具有本规则规定的海上服务资历和良好的海上安全记录；（五）符合海船船员体检标准，特别是关于视觉、听觉和讲话能力等方面的标准；（六）通过本规则规定的适任考试和评估，完成本规则规定的船上培训或见习；（七）本规则规定的其他条件。

第五条中华人民共和国海事局是海船船员适任考试、评估和发证的主管机关。

中华人民共和国海事局（以下简称主管机关）所属各级海事管理机构在主管机关确定的职责范围内，具体负责海船船员适任考试、评估和发证工作。

第二章适任证书第六条适任证书的适用范围按照所适用的船舶航区、等级、职务和职能确定，并符合海事管理机构签注的船舶或主推进动力装置种类限制。

对海船船员适任考试科目“船舶结构与货运”建设的几点思考----仅以“海上货物运输”为例江苏海事职业技术学院航海技术系於健（本文已在航海教育研究2012年第三期发表，同时在学院内刊2012年第三期发表）内容摘要：文章以“海上货物运输”为例，讨论了在海船船员培训中，其考试纲要、教材和题库对培训的重要意义，提出在考试纲要的更新、教材和题库的建设应坚持的基本原则，并结合教学实践，提出加强三者建设的建议与意见。

关键词：海船船员适任考试；海上货物运输；考试纲要。

1、引言自《STCW公约马尼拉修正案》生效以来，在部海事局的统一组织下，经过一年多的努力，以《海船船员适任考试与发证规则》正式颁布为标志，表明我国的履约准备工作已基本完成，且取得了重大成果。

目前，《海船船员适任考试与发证规则》实施办法、《船员教育与培训质量管理规则》、以及理论考试科目的考试纲要、评估项目的评估纲要、专特培的培训纲要和评估纲要等均已陆续出台，教材建设与题库建设均在同步进行。

此次改革，一方面是为了满足国际公约新的要求，更重要的是根据自上次履约这十多年来我们在船员教育与培训、船员管理等方面积累的经验总结，结合新技术的发展和船员管理模式的变化，为全面推进船员强国建设、提高船员的综合素质，而在船员教育与培训的组织形式上（有职业教育和在职培训、有陆地集中培训和船上在岗培训）、考核制度上（基本按功能块的要求将其集中在一个考试科目）等方面进行的较大的变革。

根据《海船船员适任考试与发证规则》实施办法，船舶驾驶共有五个理论考试科目，其中将原来的“海上货物运输”全部和原来的“船舶结构与设备”中一部分内容相组合，构成新的考试科目“船舶结构与货运”。

据了解，绝大多数从事学历教育的航海类院校，课程体系与教材建设基本没有变化，还是以“海上货物运输”和“船舶结构与设备”这两门课的形式出现在人才培养方案中；在具体的船员考前培训实施过程中，也会是将以两门课、两位老师承担各自熟悉部分这种形式出现（或至少要持续一段时间）。