第12讲中的分译法练习&合译法

五、分译法分译法(山vi sion)就是将原文的。

个简单句译成汉语的两个或两个以L的句子。

为了使译文表意清楚，符合语言表达逻辑，汉译时有必要对原文的某些词汇、短语重新加以调整、泽成一个单句。

例如：·He wiBhedtlc we比d home? oRUnori生，he WuN have been the比LkRe houn ago．他真愿意那时候已在家里。

要是在通常的H子里，他平已到家三个小时了o这个句子是虚拟语气。

根据原文所表达的愿望，将odi—nanly一同单独译成一个句子，显得译文通顺自然，农意清楚。

Mr MYleB九U 5miled b皿N3voice had a1山1G bit ofikltatlonin it，LlJ型金L2么些麦尔斯先生仍然而带微笑，叮是他的口了，这种情况罗布很少见到。

为了叙述清楚，现分述如下：(一)主语分泽The toW boasb a1)e删t6u11ake．镇巫有个美丽的湖，人人引以自豪cHi s wcalth cnaNcs htm to do eve吁thing．他有钱，什么事都能干。

川is compKhensive work covers the entire hi劝)g nL(这部著作内容丰富多彩，包括了巾国整个历史c(：：)宾语分译B山k5s aMiGs had DutNn their 5up吵eL但是他的军队进展很快，给养供应木上。

1aLWays avoid the kmPt山on b cxak the Pe刚nnH叮myse贬[o ahsew；nS hEm．我总是兑制白d不之吹捧这个人，而只限于对他进行观察。

I 5hoUd L1e sorV to knMNG you．如果订扰您的话，实在对不起。

A1bc6nn5teiH hal Leen Proved[o比[hc greate5t Physiciu ofthe 20th centu可事实已经证明，爱阅斯坦是20世纪最伟大的物理学家c(二)定语分译翻译公司H；announ(：cmG毗got a mtxed reachon对他的声明啊反府，不过有好有坏。

分译法Nov. 22nd—Nov. 25th 英语中长句较多, 句中修饰语多且长，使句子结构复杂，所以英译汉时，不能照样克隆复制，而是得根据汉语语法的特点，灵活处理。

切分就是一种常用的方法，是指把英语中的长句分解成两个或两个以上的句子。

它常包括单词分译、短语分译和句子分译等三种情况。

（一）单词分译单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小句或者句子。

采用单词分译主要有两个目的：一是为了句法上的需要。

由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点，直译会使句子生硬晦涩，翻译腔十足，而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺，且不损伤原意。

二是为了修饰上的需要，如加强语气，突出重点等。

英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。

例如：(1)We recognize that China's long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。

(2) Then and there he named the startled General lying wounded on his cot the new Commander in Chief of the Airforce…他就在当时当地任命这位躺在榻上治伤的将军为空军总司令，使这位将军吃了一惊。

(3) A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.我离开那个猫儿洞的速度之快，要是拍成电影的话，会象出膛的子弹一样。

(4) Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society.显然，数百万美国人从来没有想过自己会违法，更不用说犯罪了，而就是他们正在越来越肆意歪曲旨在保护和培育这个社会的法律条文，这真令人痛心。

英语翻译技巧第12节拆分、合并法第12节拆分、合并法分句法和合句法是改变原文句子结构的两种重要方法。

分句法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或更多句子。

合句法是原文两个简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。

一．拆分法（一）把原文中的一个单词译成句子1.副词1）The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.2）Incidentally, I hope to get better treatment in these countries than I was treated in the United States.3）They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.1)中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。

2)顺便提一下，我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国得到的更好的对待。

3)他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。

2.形容词1）Alice and Mary stood in quiet sorrow for some time. 2）Chairman Mao might have spoken withunderstandable pride of his policy of “self-reliance”.3）The room was all very neat and christmasy.4）That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 5）He had long been held in cordial contempt by his colleagues; now that contempt was no longer cordial.1)爱丽丝和玛丽难过地站在那儿，半天没说一句话。

汉译英句子分译法1. 汉译英句子分译法，这可是翻译中的神器！比如说，“他身体虽弱，但意志坚强。

”如果直接翻译可能会显得很生硬。

但咱们用分译法，把它变成“He is weak physically. But he is strong-willed.” 这样是不是清晰多啦？难道你不觉得分译法超有用？2. 汉译英句子分译法，那简直是翻译路上的指明灯！就像“她很善良，总是乐于助人。

”直接翻可能不出彩。

用分译法：“She is very kind. And she is always ready to help others.” 这不就更生动了？你还不赶紧试试？3. 汉译英句子分译法，真是个神奇的法宝！好比“这个城市很大，也很繁华。

”咱们分译：“This city is very large. It is also very prosperous.” 是不是瞬间感觉翻译得更地道？难道你不想掌握这妙招？4. 汉译英句子分译法，如同翻译世界的金钥匙！像“他工作努力，成绩出色。

” 分译成“He works hard. His achievements are excellent.” 是不是效果超棒？你能不心动吗？5. 汉译英句子分译法，简直是化腐朽为神奇的魔法！比如说“她很漂亮，性格也好。

” 分译一下：“She is very beautiful. Her character isalso good.” 难道这样不好吗？你不想用用？6. 汉译英句子分译法，这就是解决翻译难题的灵丹妙药！比如“这孩子聪明，学习也刻苦。

” 分译为“This child is intelligent. He studies hard as well.” 这不就完美了？你还在等什么？7. 汉译英句子分译法，绝对是翻译的绝佳技巧！就拿“爷爷年纪大了，身体却还硬朗。

”来说，分译成“Grandpa is old. But his body is still strong.” 难道不好吗？你难道不想学？8. 汉译英句子分译法，那可是翻译领域的秘密武器！像“天气很冷，风还很大。

⏹E-C 翻译整段，注意下画线的句子。

⏹Standardized tests should be considered in this context. Theyprovide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skill he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. (1) Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.⏹(2) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualitiesto be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do. (3) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.9. Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both ina particular situation depends,therefore,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.要点这是一个简单句。

分句译法——课后练习I protest to you, Gentlemen, that if I had to choose between a so-called University, which dispensed with residence and tutorial superintendence, and gave its degrees to any person who passed an examination in a wide range of subjects, and a University which had no professors or examinations at all, but merely brought a number of young men together for three or four years, and then sent them away as the University of Oxford is said to have done some sixty years since, if I were asked which of these two methods was the better discipline of the intellect,—mind, I do not say which is morally the better, for it is plain that compulsory study must be a good and idleness an intolerable mischief,—but if I must determine which of the two courses was the more successful in training, moulding, enlarging the mind, which sent out men the more fitted for their secular duties, which produced better public men, men of the world, men whose names would descend to posterity, I have no hesitation in giving the preference to that University which did nothing, over that which exacted of its members an acquaintance with every science under the sun.When a multitude of young men, keen, open-hearted, sympathetic, and observant, as young men are, come together and freely mix with each other, they are sure to learn one from another, even if there be no one to teach them; the conversation of all is a series of lectures to each, and they gain for themselves new ideas and views, fresh matter of thought, and distinct principles for judging and acting, day by day.Here then is a real teaching, whatever be its standards and principles, true or false; and it at least tends towards cultivation of the intellect; it at least recognizes that knowledge is something more than a sort of passive reception of scraps and details; it is a something, and it does a something, which never will issue from the most strenuous efforts of a set of teachers, with no mutual sympathies and no inter-communion, of a set of examiners with no opinions which they dare profess, and with no common principles, who are teaching or questioning a set of youths who do not know them, and do not know each other, on a large number of subjects, different in kind, and connected by no wide philosophy, three times a week, or three times a year, or once in three years, in chill lecture-rooms or on a pompous anniversary.1。

分译练习1. I had unforgivably, in a stealthy manner, peeped at her correspondence.我偷偷摸摸地看了他的信，这实在是难以宽恕的行为。

2. We recognize that China's long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。

3. Bushing throngs, blinded by the darkness and the smoke, rushed up on a street and down the next, trampling the fallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safety.在黑暗和浓烟中狂奔的人群，践踏着倒下的躯体，沿着大街小巷慌乱而徒劳地向着安全的地方冲闯。

4. It was our mistake to have kept nagging you.我们老是唠叨着催你，是我们不对。

5. His residence in a small town limited his knowledge of the outside world.他在一个小镇里，对外面的世界了解甚少。

6. Her wish to have a pair of blue eyes and become pretty can never come true but in fairy tales.她梦想能拥有一双蓝色的眼睛，变得漂亮起来，但这样的愿望只有在童话世界里才能实现。

7. Nixon was greatly impressed by Stassen’s firm handshake.史塔生紧紧和他握手,尼克松对此印象很深刻。

分译和合译练习一、分译法1、It’s China’s sincere wish and also to the interest of the United States to expand bilateral trade and economic co-operation.【译文】扩大中美贸易和经济合作是中国方面真诚的愿望，也是美国的利益所在。

【评析】英语用并列连词and连接一个名词短语和一个介词短语做并列的表语，而汉语则需用“是……，也是……”句型娓娓道来。

2、Ghanaian family took him in temporarily, and Tomwaited in vain to hear from his aunt.【译文】一个加纳家庭暂时收留了他。

汤姆等待姨母的消息，可始终杳无音信。

3、In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine. (O.Henry, The Last Leaf )【译文】他们在房间里瞧着窗外的那根藤，心里充满恐惧。

【评析】此句若译为“他们在房间里心怀恐惧地瞧着窗外的那根藤”也未尝不可，终不及这样分解开来显得清爽有序，fearfully一词也得到应有的权重。

4、I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature.【译文】我是一个乐天派，这是出于天性，同样也出于选择。

5、As a probing psychologist he is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists.【译文】他（福克纳）是一位勤于探索的心理学家，在众多在世的英美小说家中，他堪称无人匹敌的大师。

【评析】译文将名词短语“unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists”拆译成一个分句，使原文一分为二，第一个分句道其身份，第二个分句是作者对他的评价，表述层次清晰，符合汉语行文习惯。

分译法练习答案分译法练习36．He visited many places, in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labors.他访问了许多地方，到处受到热烈的欢迎。

他的艰苦努力是经常受到热烈欢迎的。

（此句原文中有两个定语从句，将这样一个英文长句翻译成两个独立的句子，意思更清楚。

）37．They try to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country. 他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈来愈猛，遍及全国。

38．But, occasionally, through haste and carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，有的出纳会少了现金，而有的会多了。

39.But they had become nomads of the desert, living on the ground and under the sky, and they loved it.可是，他们都变成了沙漠里的牧民了，生活在苍天之下，黄土之上(风餐露宿)。

可他们也喜欢这中生活。

40. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。

（分译副词）41. He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal. 他试图劝说我们同意接受这项不切实际的建议，但还是白费了力气。