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中国北方海域螺类名录及图谱马福恒编皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai Ino,1952 (下图)嫁蝛Cellana toreuma (Reeve,1855) (下图)白笠贝(背肋拟帽贝P.dorsuosa) Acmaea pallida (Gould,1859) (下图)史氏背尖贝Notoacmea schrenchi (Lischke,1868) (下图)矮拟帽贝Patelloida pygmaea (Dunker,1860) (下图)朝鲜土耳其螺Turcica coreensis Pease,1860 (下图) (大连多见空壳)单一丽口螺Calliostoma unicum (Dunker,1860) (下图)单齿螺Monodonta labio (Linnaeus.1758) (下图)绣凹螺Chlorostoma rusticum (Gmelin,1790) (右图)托氏蝐螺Umbonium thomasi (Crosse,1863) (下图)朝鲜花冠小月螺Lunella coronata coreensis (Récluz,1853) (下图)短滨螺Littorina brevicula (Philippi,1844) (下图)粗糙滨螺Littorina scabra (Linnaeus,1758) (下图)小结节滨螺Nodilittorina exigua(Dunker,1869) (曾名:粒屋顶螺) (下2图)尖龙骨脆螺Stenotis oxytropis (Pilsbry,1895) (8mm×6mm) (缺图)光滑狭口螺Stenothyra glabra A.Adams,1861 (3mm×2mm) (缺图)褶鲁舍螺Rissolina plicatula (Gould,1861) (5mm×2mm) (缺图)绯拟沼螺Assiminea latericea H. et A.Adams,1865 (11mm×6mm) (缺图)强肋锥螺Turritella fortilirata Sowerby,1914 (下图)中华拟蟹守螺Cerithidea sinensis (Philippi,1848) (缺图)珠带拟蟹守螺Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin,1791)红树拟蟹守螺Cerithidea rhizophorarum A.Adams,1885 (下图)古氏滩栖螺*Batillaria cumingi (Crosse,1862) = Batillaria attramentaria Sowerby * Synonyms:Batillaria cumingi,Batillaria zonalis,Batillaria alterimaBatillaria attramentaria aggregated on a mudflat, Padilla Bay.*Common name(s):Japanese false cerith,false cerith,zoned cerith,screw shell,tall-spired snail 双带光螺Eulima bifascialis (A.Adams,1863) (12mm×2mm) (下图)耳低梯螺Depressiscala auritum (Sowerby,1844) (下图)尖高旋螺Acrilla acuminate (Sowerby,1844) (下图)宽带薄梯螺Papyriscala latifasciata (Sowerby,1843) (下图)发脊螺Trichotropis bicarinata (Sowerby,1829) (下图)扁平管帽螺(瓦氏履螺) Syphopatella walshi (Reeve,1856) (壳高4.5mm,宽27mm) (下图)乳头真玉螺Eunaticina papilla (Gmelin,1791) (下图)微黄镰玉螺(福氏玉螺) Lunatia gilva (Philippi,1851) (下图)扁玉螺Neverita didyma (Röding,1798) (下3图)斑玉螺Natica tigrina (Röding,1791) (蚶虎) (下图)拟紫口玉螺Natica janthostomoides (Kuroda et Habe,1949) (缺图)玫瑰履梭螺Sandalia rhodia (A.Adams,1854) (12mm×6mm×5mm) (缺图)硬结原爱神螺Proterato callosa (A.Adams et Reeve,1850) (7mm×5.5mm×4.5mm) (缺图) 短沟纹鬘螺Phalium strigatum breviculum Tsi et Ma,1980 (下图)脉红螺Rapana venosa (见下图)钝角口螺Ceratostoma fournieri (Crosse,1861) (三棱骨螺) (下图)内饰角口螺Ceratostoma inornata (Récluz,1851) (日本刍秣螺) (下图)润泽角口螺Ceratostoma rorifluum (A.Adams et Reeve,1849) (下2图)疣荔枝螺(辣螺) Thais clavigera （Küster，1860）(下图)黄口荔枝螺Thais luteostoma (Holten,1803) (下图)丽笔核螺Mitrella bella (Reeve,1859) (下图)笔核螺Mitrella burchard i (Dunker,1877) (缺图)侧平肩螺Japelion latus (Dall,1918) (下图)略胀管蛾螺Siphonalia subdilatata Yen,1936 (见下图)香螺Neptunea arthritica Crosse,1862 (见下图)皮氏蛾螺Volutharpa ampullacea perryi (Jay,1855) (下图) 俗称：假鲍鱼甲虫螺Cantharus cecillei (Philippi,1844) (下图)纵肋织纹螺Nassarius variciferus (A.Adams,1851) (下图)红带织纹螺Nassaricus succinctus (A.Adams,1851) (下图)秀丽织纹螺(习见织纹螺) Nassarius festiva (Powys,1835) (下图)伶鼬榧螺Oliva mustelina Lamarck,1844 (下2图)中国笔螺Mitra chinensis Gray,1839 (下图)金刚螺Sydaphera spengleriana (Deshayes,1830) (下图)白带三角口螺Trigonaphera bocageana Gross et Debeaux,1863 (缺图) 黄裁判螺Inquisitor flavidula (Lamarck,1822) (下图)细肋蕾螺Gemmula deshayesii (Doumet,1839) (下图)假主厚旋螺Carssispira pseudopriciplis (Yokoyama,1920) (缺图) 朝鲜笋螺Terebra koreana Yoo,1976 (下图)白带笋螺Terebra dussumieri Kiener,1835 (下图)。
海绵动物门—搜狗百科多孔动物门（Porifera）——海绵动物界的一门。
大约5,000种原始多细胞水生动物的统称。
除针海绵属(Spongilla)约20种为淡水产外，均分布在海洋的潮间带到8,500公尺(28,000馀呎)深处，营固著生活。
由於海绵常呈分枝形，而且不会移动，从前被人们当作植物。
多孔动物为原始的多细胞动物，本动物门也称海绵动物门（Spongiatia），一般称之为海绵（Sponge）。
海绵是重要的造礁生物，少数属种也有一定的地层意义。
形态构造多孔动物的外形变化很大，除少数种类外，往往没有对称面，在许多方面与低等植物相似，常被描述为块状、垫状、球状、指状、树枝状、杯状或漏斗状等。
一般来说，深海种类的身体常趋于对称，具柄状体，固着在海底软泥上，由一个或成束的强大骨针形成柄或轴，下端深入泥中，上端将海绵体高高托起。
有的种类基部有须根状的骨针，将海绵固着在海底上。
多孔动物的基本构造，可用单沟型的毛壶为例说明（图1）。
毛壶体形如花瓶,辐射对称，体四周的薄壁围绕着中央的海绵腔(原腔)，体壁内层覆以排列疏松的领细胞，外层为薄的扁平细胞。
体壁穿有无数小孔，称入水孔，顶端开口为出水孔。
基部的组织将毛壶附着于适合的物体上。
体壁内、外层之间为胶状基质，内有几种能游动的变形细胞。
构造较复杂的双沟型是由单沟型多孔动物的体壁呈管状向外辐射皱折而形成，原来成片的领细胞层分割成许多辐管，辐管内的领细胞和海绵腔被隔开。
复沟型是大多数多孔动物具有的水沟系，是双沟型具有领细胞的辐管被无数次地皱折、分割，最后领细胞被限制于小的鞭毛室内，海绵体可不断加厚,形成各种各样的体形（图2）。
组织多孔动物的细胞已初步分化为几种不同功能的组织，但组织中细胞与细胞间并没有严密的关系。
扁平细胞相当于高等动物的表皮细胞，但它只有一层,覆盖着海绵体的表面和体内的水沟系表面,从正面看为多角形,中央较厚,有一大核；侧面看常呈“丁”字形，具有一定的伸缩性。
中国北方海域螺类名录及图谱马福恒编皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai Ino,1952(下图)嫁蝛Cellana toreuma(Reeve,1855)(下图)白笠贝(背肋拟帽贝P.dorsuosa)Acmaea pallida(Gould,1859)(下图)史氏背尖贝Notoacmea schrenchi(Lischke,1868)(下图)矮拟帽贝Patelloida pygmaea(Dunker,1860)(下图)朝鲜土耳其螺Turcica coreensis Pease,1860(下图)(大连多见空壳)单一丽口螺Calliostoma unicum(Dunker,1860)(下图)单齿螺Monodonta labio(Linnaeus.1758)(下图)绣凹螺Chlorostoma rusticum(Gmelin,1790)(右图)托氏蝐螺Umbonium thomasi(Crosse,1863)(下图)朝鲜花冠小月螺Lunella coronata coreensis(Récluz,1853)(下图)短滨螺Littorina brevicula(Philippi,1844)(下图)粗糙滨螺Littorina scabra(Linnaeus,1758)(下图)小结节滨螺Nodilittorina exigua(Dunker,1869)(曾名:粒屋顶螺)(下2图)尖龙骨脆螺Stenotis oxytropis(Pilsbry,1895)(8mm×6mm)(缺图)光滑狭口螺Stenothyra glabra A.Adams,1861(3mm×2mm)(缺图)褶鲁舍螺Rissolina plicatula(Gould,1861)(5mm×2mm)(缺图)绯拟沼螺Assiminea latericea H.et A.Adams,1865(11mm×6mm)(缺图)强肋锥螺Turritella fortilirata Sowerby,1914(下图)中华拟蟹守螺Cerithidea sinensis(Philippi,1848)(缺图)珠带拟蟹守螺Cerithidea cingulata(Gmelin,1791)红树拟蟹守螺Cerithidea rhizophorarum A.Adams,1885(下图)古氏滩栖螺*Batillaria cumingi(Crosse,1862)=Batillaria attramentaria Sowerby *Synonyms:Batillaria cumingi,Batillaria zonalis,Batillaria alterimaBatillaria attramentaria aggregated on a mudflat,Padilla Bay.*Common name(s):Japanese false cerith,false cerith,zoned cerith,screw shell,tall-spired snail 双带光螺Eulima bifascialis(A.Adams,1863)(12mm×2mm)(下图)耳低梯螺Depressiscala auritum(Sowerby,1844)(下图)尖高旋螺Acrilla acuminate(Sowerby,1844)(下图)宽带薄梯螺Papyriscala latifasciata(Sowerby,1843)(下图)发脊螺Trichotropis bicarinata(Sowerby,1829)(下图)扁平管帽螺(瓦氏履螺)Syphopatella walshi(Reeve,1856)(壳高4.5mm,宽27mm)(下图)乳头真玉螺Eunaticina papilla(Gmelin,1791)(下图)微黄镰玉螺(福氏玉螺)Lunatia gilva(Philippi,1851)(下图)扁玉螺Neverita didyma(Röding,1798)(下3图)斑玉螺Natica tigrina(Röding,1791)(蚶虎)(下图)拟紫口玉螺Natica janthostomoides(Kuroda et Habe,1949)(缺图)玫瑰履梭螺Sandalia rhodia(A.Adams,1854)(12mm×6mm×5mm)(缺图)硬结原爱神螺Proterato callosa(A.Adams et Reeve,1850)(7mm×5.5mm×4.5mm)(缺图)短沟纹鬘螺Phalium strigatum breviculum Tsi et Ma,1980(下图)脉红螺Rapana venosa(见下图)钝角口螺Ceratostoma fournieri(Crosse,1861)(三棱骨螺)(下图)内饰角口螺Ceratostoma inornata(Récluz,1851)(日本刍秣螺)(下图)润泽角口螺Ceratostoma rorifluum(A.Adams et Reeve,1849)(下2图)疣荔枝螺(辣螺)Thais clavigera（Küster，1860）(下图)黄口荔枝螺Thais luteostoma(Holten,1803)(下图)丽笔核螺Mitrella bella(Reeve,1859)(下图)笔核螺Mitrella burchard i(Dunker,1877)(缺图)侧平肩螺Japelion latus(Dall,1918)(下图)略胀管蛾螺Siphonalia subdilatata Yen,1936(见下图)香螺Neptunea arthritica Crosse,1862(见下图)皮氏蛾螺Volutharpa ampullacea perryi(Jay,1855)(下图)俗称：假鲍鱼甲虫螺Cantharus cecillei(Philippi,1844)(下图)纵肋织纹螺Nassarius variciferus(A.Adams,1851)(下图)红带织纹螺Nassaricus succinctus(A.Adams,1851)(下图)秀丽织纹螺(习见织纹螺)Nassarius festiva(Powys,1835)(下图)伶鼬榧螺Oliva mustelina Lamarck,1844(下2图)中国笔螺Mitra chinensis Gray,1839(下图)金刚螺Sydaphera spengleriana(Deshayes,1830)(下图)白带三角口螺Trigonaphera bocageana Gross et Debeaux,1863(缺图)黄裁判螺Inquisitor flavidula(Lamarck,1822)(下图)细肋蕾螺Gemmula deshayesii(Doumet,1839)(下图)假主厚旋螺Carssispira pseudopriciplis(Yokoyama,1920)(缺图)朝鲜笋螺Terebra koreana Yoo,1976(下图)白带笋螺Terebra dussumieri Kiener,1835(下图)黑纹斑捻螺Punctacteon yamamurae Habe,1976(7mm×3.8mm)(缺图)耳口露齿螺Ringicula(Ringiculina)doliaris(Gould,1860)(4.4mm×2.8mm)(下图)泥螺Bullacta exarata(Philippi,1848)(见下图)经氏壳蛞蝓Philine kinglippini Tchang,1934(缺图，下图为新西兰壳蛞蝓)New Zealand Sea Slug(Philine auriformis)。
中国北方海域苔藓动物(Bryozoa)名录及图谱马福恒编象牙克神苔虫Crisia ebuneo-denticulata Smitt,1865扇形管孔苔虫Tubulipora flabellaris (Fabricus,1841)王冠碟孔苔虫Lichenopora imperalis (Ortmann,1890)聚合软苔虫Alcyonidium polyum (Haswell,1841) (见下图)覆瓦鲍克苔虫Bowerbankia imbricata (Adams,1886) (见下图)黑蛇列胞苔虫Aetea anguina (Linnaeus,1758) (见下图)大室膜孔苔虫Membranipora grandicella (Canu et Bassler,1929)疣突膜孔苔虫Membranipora tuberculata (Bosc,1802)二花膜孔苔虫Membranipora bifloris (Wang et Tung,1976) (下图为另一种膜孔苔虫)网纱帐苔虫Conopeum reticulum (Linnaeus,1767) (下2图)美丽琥珀苔虫Electra tenella (HIncks,1880) (下图)线纹丽苔虫Callopora lineata (Linnaeus,1786) (见下图)假粗糙丽苔虫Callopora horridoidea Androsova,1958 斑胞苔虫Cellaria punctata (Busk,1852) (见下图)奇异格苔虫Beania mirabilis Jounston,1840 (见下图)多室草苔虫Bugula neritina Linnaeus,1758 （下4图）齿草苔虫Bugula dentate (Lamouroux,1816) (下图)加州草苔虫Bugula californica Robertson,1905 (见下面两张图)中华缨苔虫Dendrobeania sinica Liu,1985粗糙无鞭苔虫Amastigia rudis (Busk,1852)西方三胞苔虫Tricellaria occidentalis (Trask,1857) (见下2图)美髯松苔虫Caberea lata Busk,1852 (缺图)粗胞苔虫Scrupocellaria scabra (van Beneden,1848) (缺图)埃及偶苔虫Synnotum aegypticaum (Audouin,1826) (缺图)643、横纹筛孔苔虫Cribrilina annulata (Fabrious,1870) (见下图)马蹄朱莉恩苔虫Jullienula hippocrepis (Hincks,1882) (缺图)叉状妃苔虫Reginella furcata (Hincks,1884) (缺图)长吻裸沟苔虫Exochella longirostris Jullien,1888 (缺图)透明小分胞苔虫Celleporela hylina (Linnaeus,1758) (缺图)分叉敏苔虫Hippothoa divaricata Lamouroux,1821 (见下图)649、卵圆血苔虫Watersipora subovoidea (D′Orbigny,1852) (下3图)阔口隐槽苔虫Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll,1803) (下2图)兰氏缘孔苔虫Smittina landsborovii (Johnston,1847)球形假缘孔苔虫Parasmittina glomerata (Thornely,1912)Parasmittina delicatula 群体多育拟缘孔苔虫Smittoidea prolifera Osburn,1952独角裂孔苔虫Schizoporella unicornis (Johnston,1844) (见下图)小马孔苔虫Hippoporella hippopus (Smitt,1867)纤毛拟小孔苔虫Microporella ciliate (Pallas,1766)马氏斑孔苔虫Fenestrulina malusi (Audouin,1826)太平洋网孔苔虫Retepora pacifica (Robertson,1908)柯氏仿分胞苔虫Celleporina costazia (Audouin,1826)[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。
