定语从句的翻译
- 格式:ppt
- 大小:429.00 KB
- 文档页数:53
定语从句的翻译句子定语从句的翻译句子定语从句是的难点,也是考研英语考查的重点。
下面一起来看看定语从句的翻译句子吧!一、前置译法如果一个定语从句在句中的作用是修饰和限定名词,那么通常就采取译为前置定语的方法。
但注意译成前置定语后既不能影响原文所表达的意思,还要使整个句子的表达言简意赅、连贯通顺、语气较强。
例句:Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.译文:水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
在前置译法的过程中如果定语从句中的.谓语不含有具体意义,可省译从句中的谓语。
这种译法很简便,也很有效。
有时候,出于汉语行文的需要和逻辑关系方面的考虑,可将定语从句提在主语之前翻译,用来说明情况,但不作为被修饰名词的定语。
例句:There are also great advantages that come from the variety of culture brought by settlers from other lands.译文:移民从个地方带来了多种文化,产生了极大的好处。
二、后置译法我们都知道,英语中很多定语从句都是为了连接两个具有共同名词的句子而存在的,因此在翻译时最好分为两个分句。
而对于起限定作用的定语从句,如果结构较为复杂,句子太长,无法译成前置的定语,最后就译成一个后置的并列分句,这样更合乎汉语的习惯。
例句:Our war against terror is a contest of will in which perseverance is power.译文:我们的反恐是一场意志力的较量。
在这场较量中,不屈不挠的精神就是力量。
结构较复杂的定语从句常译成后置的并列分句,在多数情况下要重译先行词,或即便句子不长,出于某种原因需要强调先行词,也要重译先行词。
例句:Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.译文:在上,白天和黑夜都相当长,月亮上的一天等于地球上的两周。
英语定语从句的翻译一、定语从句的翻译(一)前置法1)Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。
2)A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.没有年纪相仿的玩伴陪伴的儿童最好就是去幼儿园。
(二)后置法A.重复关系代词所代替的先行词1)They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为理想而奋斗,这个理想关系到每个中国人的心。
过去,许多中国人为之而牺牲。
2)Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.每队每个季节玩10~11个游戏,游戏从9月开始,11月结束。
B.省略关系代词,把定语从句译成并列谓语3)It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.4)Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37℃.C.把关系代词译成人称代词5)We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.6)It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.D.当关系代词指整个主句时,应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”7)The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.8)Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.(三)融合法1)There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你,我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。
定语从句1.前置合译法(前滚翻):若定语从句较短,较简单,与先行词(名词)的关系紧密(一般来说,紧密的,为限定性从句;不紧密的,为非限定性从句),限定性定语从句及少部分非限定性从句(较短且有描述性的非限定),一般将从句提在先行词之前,译成“…的” 1)The action it takes at any moment can,t be predicted,and people find that disturbing.分析:后一个that引导宾语从句,指代前面的事情。
翻译:它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见,这件事使人们感到不安。
2)I was, to borrow from John Le Carre(插入语),the spy(间谍)who was to stay out in the cold.分析:插入语,作状语,译成汉语时,放在句首翻译:借用约翰.李.卡雷的话来说,我是一名被打入冷宫的间谍。
3)There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life.分析:定语从句中含有定语从句,主句是when引导的定语从句,修饰a day 翻译:全世界人民过上幸福生活的那一天(终究)是会到来的。
4)The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.翻译:在他手下干活的员工怕他怕得要死。
5)We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious ill were quite aware of its potential outcome.翻译:给我们留下极深印象的是(同位语的翻译)即使那些没有被告知严重病情的病人,对其疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的。
定语从句的翻译方法
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,常常用来给出额外的信息来
进一步说明该名词或代词。
翻译定语从句时,一般可以采用以下方法:
1.将定语从句翻译为一个完整的句子,放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。
例如:
- The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.
-坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
2.将定语从句翻译为一个介词短语,并用该介词短语修饰被修饰的名
词或代词。
例如:
- The book that I am reading is very interesting.
-我正在看的那本书非常有趣。
3.将定语从句翻译为一个形容词短语,并用该形容词短语修饰被修饰
的名词或代词。
例如:
- The man who is wearing a hat is my father.
-戴着帽子的那个男人是我爸爸。
注意:翻译定语从句时要注意上下文的语境,并使得翻译后的句子通顺、流畅。
定语从句翻译定语从句就其与先行词的关系分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
因此英语定语从句的译法主要涉及限制性和非限制性定语从句的译法。
翻译限制性定语从句可以采用以下几种方法:(1)合译法合译法指把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组,放在被修饰词的前面,从而将复合句译成汉语单句。
合译法一般适用于结构比较简单或具有描写性的限制性定语从句。
经典例: Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised:the velocity of light did not vary.参考译文: 然而在任何物理学家所进行过的精细巧妙的实验中,都没有发现这种影响:光速没有变化。
经典例题: If the probe takes,say,100 years to make a copy of itself,then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy would be about 1/25th the speed of light.参考译文; 如果探测体需要,比如说,100年时间来生成自己的副体,那么所有探测体传遍整个星系的平均速度大约为光速的1/25。
经典例题: But such trouble is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.参考译文: 但是,这样的问题主要局限于从第三轨而不是从高架线得到电力的那些铁路上。
(2)分译法如果限制性定语从句结构较为复杂。
定语从句翻译方式定语从句翻译方式定语从句的翻译有一定的翻译方式,下面是店铺为大家整理的定语从句翻译方式!第一、前置翻译法:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面,可以用“的”来连接。
但前置翻译法往往适用于较短的定语。
如:Yao Ming is a basketball player who is ver great.姚明是一名非常伟大的运动员。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
His laughter,which was infectious,broke the silence.他那富有感染力的'笑声打破了沉寂。
第二、后置翻译法:把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面,翻译为并列分句。
其中对于先行词的处理有两种:1. 重复先行词。
如:I told the story to John,who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee,whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我们对特别委员会表示满意,特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。
Although he lacks experience,he has enterprise and creativity,which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。
定语从句及例句并翻译定语从句及例句并翻译是什么?相信很多人都想知道吧?以下是店铺为您整理的定语从句及例句并翻译相关资料,欢迎阅读!定语从句及例句并翻译定语从句的翻译方法主要有以下四种:前置法:把定语从句的内容翻译成“……的”,放在被修饰词的前面。
后置法:把定语从句的.翻译放在被修饰词之后,定语从句的后置翻译分为三类:由which引导定语从句时一般翻译为“这”;另一些引导词则在翻译时重复先行词,即被修饰词;还有一些引导词在翻译时可以省略不译。
融合法:将定语从句与主句融合为一个简单句的方法。
这种用法往往用在“there be”结构带有定语从句的句型中。
状译法:如果主句和定语从句之间有明显逻辑关系,则翻译为状语。
【真题例句1】Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.【解析】可以拆分为:Behaviorists suggest //that the child //who is raised //in an environment// where there are many stimuli //which develop his or her capacity //for appropriate responses //will experience greater intellectual development.本句的主干即是Behaviorists suggest that ...;that引导suggest 的宾语从句,动词是will experience;who引导修饰child的定语从句,动词为is raised;where引导修饰environment的定语从句,动词为are;which引导修饰stimuli的定语从句,动词为develop。
定语从句翻译定语从句是修饰主句中的一个名词或代词的从句,用来进一步说明或限定这个名词或代词。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
定语从句的翻译需要根据上下文和语境来确定正确的意思,并根据语法规则将其翻译成符合目标语言的结构。
以下是一些定语从句的翻译例子:1. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
2. The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
3. The house where she grew up is no longer standing.她长大的那所房子已经不存在了。
4. This is the man whose car was stolen last night.这是昨晚车被偷的那个人。
5. Do you remember the day when we first met?你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗?6. I have a friend whose father is a doctor.我有一个父亲是医生的朋友。
7. The movie that we watched last night was really good.我们昨晚看的那部电影真的很好。
8. The company where he works is located in the city center.他工作的那家公司位于市中心。
9. This is the restaurant that serves the best sushi in town.这是城里服务最好的寿司餐厅。
10. She has a dog which is very friendly.她有一只非常友好的狗。
这些例子展示了不同类型的定语从句的翻译。
定语从句句型练习1.正在和汤姆说话的人是约翰。
2.你正在找的那位医生在房间里。
4.这是你想要的那本书。
5.我不能忘记在北京居住的那些日子。
6.这是我住了5年的房子。
7.这就是我为什么迟到的原因。
9.正在树下读书的那个女骇是我妹妹。
10.玛莉正在照看的那个小骇是汤姆。
12.这是我为什么不喜欢他的原因。
13.你认识那个叫做汤姆的人吗?16.我想见一见你刚才谈起的人。
17.一周前丢失的那只山羊找到了。
21.你知道电影的开始时间吗?23.昨晚我们看的那场电影太好了。
1.The boy who is talking with Tom is John.2.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room .4.This is the book which you want .5.I can’t forget the days when I lived in Beijing .6.This is the house where I lived for five years .7.This is (the rea son) why I’m late .9.The girl who is reading under the tree is my sister .10.The boy whom Mary is looking after is Tom .12.This is (the reason) why I don’t like him .13.Do you know the man whose name is Tom .16.I want to see the man whom you talked of just now .17.The goat which was lost a week ago has been found .20.This is the only thing that we can do .21.Do you know the time when the film will begin ?23.The film which we saw yesterday evening was wonderful .。
[全]英语语法-定语从句的翻译方法详解定语从句的翻译中文的定语从句:1、前置定语(1)一个词修饰另一个词,一般是前置:例如:一个漂亮的女孩清香的茶叶著名的诗人(2)一个短语或是一个句子或是多个句子修饰一个词,一般是前置:例如:坐在门口的孩子拿着手机的小姑娘昨天晚上趴在房上的小白猫2、后置定语古代汉语中存在定语后置的情况:例如:中国疆域之辽阔,人口之众多,资源之丰富。
“之”引起的定语后置的情况。
China has a vast territory, a large population and plentiful resources.territory: n. 领土;地盘;范围英文的定语从句:一个单词修饰另一个单词,1、一般是前置:e.g: a pretty girla famous poet2、后置:(1)过去分词修饰名词,可以是后置定语,但不等同于所有的过去分词在修饰名词时都后置e.g.: a child adopted(2)以a-开头的形容词(也称为表语形容词)修饰名词时,一定要后置,基本上所有a-开头的形容词做定语时都要后置e.g.: a physician alive所有词组和句子修饰一个单词时都是后置,没有前置——定语从句。
英文中的定语翻译成中文时,一定是前置e.g: a boy standing under the treetwo women waiting for youa kind of knowledge which can enlighten the whole worlda book which may help you pass this exam英译汉的步骤:第一步:断句第二步:翻译第三部:重读e.g: On the whole, /such a conclusion can be drawn /with a certain degree of confidence, /but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude /towards the test /as the others /with whom he is being compared, /and only if he was not punished /by lack of relevant information /which they possessed.第一步断句第二步翻译:字对字翻译译:总体上来说1,得出这样一种结论2需要3一定程度的把握,只要假设这个孩子对于测试的态度,和与之相比较的其他孩子的4态度相同5,也只要他没有因为缺少别的孩子所拥有6的相关信息而受到惩罚7。
【高中英语】定语从句的翻译英语中,定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。
他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。
限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。
而汉语中定语作为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面,并且没有限制意义的强弱之分,因此,限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用。
英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句,而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。
所以,在翻译定语从句时,一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。
如果英语的定语从句太长,无论是限制性的或非限制性的,都不宜译成汉语中的定语,而应用其他方法处理。
常见的定语从句翻译有以下几种方法。
一、介词:将定语从句翻译到修饰的先行词前面,可与“得”连用。
既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语,所以在翻译的时候,通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语,翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。
他从未尝过苦,也不知道什么是甜。
没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
太空和海洋是科学家试图探索的新世界。
太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。
他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
二、后置:将修饰先行词后的定语从句翻译成并列从句。
英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂,如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话,会显得定语太臃肿,而无法叙述清楚。
这时,可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面,译成并列分句。
翻译时可以用两种方法来处理。
(一)重复前因后果。
由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分,如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话,常常需要重复先行词,还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。
我告诉了约翰,他也告诉了他弟弟。
他把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
在对特别委员会表示满意之后,应该鼓励特别委员会的工作。
你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功,而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。
尽管他经验不足,但他有进取心和创造力,在亚洲取得了成功。
他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。
定语从句翻译1.那些在困境中的人应该得到我们的帮助。
(deserve)Those who are in trouble deserve our help.2.智商高的人未必情商高。
(necessarily)Those who have high IQ don’t necessarily have high EQ.3.只有勇敢面对挑战的人才有可能成功。
(only those)Only those who face the challenges bravely are likely to succeed.4.我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。
(… it …)I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.5.住惯了大城市的人均会喜欢住在没有噪音和人群的小镇上。
(free of)Those who are used to living in the city will all like to live in a small town free of noise and crowds.6.想报名参加课外辅导中学的学生,年龄必须在10-15岁之间。
(range)Those who want to enroll in the tutorial center must range in age from 10 to 15 years old.7.我觉得这本简易读物对学过两,三年的英语的人是很合适的。
(suitable)I find this simplified English book (is) suitable for those who have learned English for two or three years.8.人们普遍认为,不善于学习者就难以与时俱进。
(pace)It is generally believed that those who are not good at studies can hardly keep up with the pace of the time. 9.在日常生活中,我们不要与言而无信的人打交道。
定语从句的翻译一、前置法二、省略法三、重复法四、融合法五、定语状语转换法一、前置法1. The fine would serve as a warning toother motorists who drove without due care.罚款对于驾车不够小心的司机可以起到警告作用。
2. The era of globalization has begun withnew communication and informationtechnologies, and capital could flow freely to those regions, industries and companies that promise the bestreturns.随着通信和信息技术的发展,全球化时代已经到来,资本可以自由地流向有望获得最大收益的地区、产业和公司。
二、省略法3. One of the features of London is thenumber of big stores, most of which are to be found in or near the West End.伦敦的一大特色是大商店多,大多数位于西区及周边地区。
4. Like the press in most other countries,American newspapers range from thesensational, which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis ofworld events.美国报纸和其他国家一样,既有耸人听闻的小报,报道犯罪、色情和小道消息,也有严肃报刊,聚焦实事新闻,分析国际时事。
5. Scientists have been devoted todeveloping high-yield rice varieties that sparked the green revolution in the 1970s.科学家致力于开发高产水稻品种,从而引发了20世纪70年代的绿色革命。