张培基英译现代散文选1
1. Phrasal Expression & Word
…amid(st) thunderous applause
a bare subsistence勉强糊口
Tom earn a bare subsistence wage.
汤姆挣得工资勉强糊口.
A be characteristic of B=
B be characterized by A
A bend in a river / mountain
A blind alley
A brass drum 小铜鼓
A bygone age过去的时代
a clot of blood
A mass confused of…庞杂的
A faint scent of
A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局
A hired hand on contract
A jumble of…一大堆
A keen sense of
A long-timer of Beijing
A loose community of smaller family
A man of profound learning
A mere drop in the ocean
A niche in the temple of fame
A passing glance
A philosophical approach to life
a positive outcome
A scene of poetic charm
A sensation of blissfulness
A speck of mud
A stone’s throw
A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of…
A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止
A vast tract of land
A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water
abandon …to fate
Ache/agonize with pain
Adjoining room
admire sb for sth
affected 做作
aim high
amiable by nature
Amuse oneself by…= do …for fun
Amusing episode
an enlightened king
An odd-jobber
An opportune moment 合适时机
Ancestral home
Approach senility
aptly 恰如其分地
Art troupe 文工团
At a stretch/sitting
At one’s command
at the present moment
Avaricious desires 贪念
Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标
bashful
Bask in the sunshine
Be ablaze/aglow with light
be advanced in years
be an encumbrance to…
Be beset/troubled with/by
Be blurred by…
Be bogged down = be trapped
Be bound up with…密切关联
be central/indispensable to sb.
Be cooped up = be caged
be deeply grieved to learn of…
be distinguished by
Be engrossed in…
Be exquisite and nicely arranged
be forever cherished / treasured
Be hale and hearty
Be havened from
be humanly impossible
Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon…be in a fix
Be instrumental in
Be interwoven with 交织着
be irrelevant / foreign to
Be keenly aware of
be keyed up紧张
Be led by the nose
be of southern breed
Be off and on
be on an equal footing with…
Be on the lips of…
Be on the minds of..
be out to do…
be overgrown with wild woods
be packed with…
Be plagued = annoyed = upset
Be possessed
Be possessed of
be reconciled to…
be reduced to
be saddled with
be sent to gallows
Be short of/devoid of
Be shrouded in = be covered in
= be enveloped in
Be sloppy in thinking
Be strewn/covered/festooned with…Be stumped by = baffled
Be tantamount to…= equal
Be tinted / colored by…
Be troubled / seized with…
Be tucked away in…
Be weaned 断奶
Be weighed down/ troubled with
be wet with perspiration/…
Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱Be wild with excitement / joy
Be worthy of…无愧于
Beam = a big smile on face
Bear a thin coating of…
begin by degrees 逐渐开始
Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania
bicker
Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制
Blurt 脱口而出
bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west
boudoir 闺房
Bountiful free gifts
Bow down to
Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功Break into uncontrolled sobs
Brilliant talent
burst with vitality
Bury the hatchet
Button up clothes
By dint of 凭借
Capon
Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth
Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍chicken-and-egg 因果难断的
Chit chat
Click away the seconds
Come dimly into sight
Come out exceedingly well
Come to pass 出现，发生
Come up against
Come upon a windfall
Come/be of age
Confirmed = habitual
Confirmed = habitual
Congenial disposition 天性
convulsive sob
cool one’s heel
Cordially
cotton-padded gown 棉衣
Court ladies = palace maid
Crackling: sound made by burning wood Crane one’s necks
Credit A with B = attribute B to A
Crumble into dust
Curl up
curtly = rudely
Cut down on = economize on
decadent 颓废的
Decorated archway 牌楼
degeneration of public morality
Deliberately make a mystery of…
depart one’s life
Develop a liking for…
diehard 顽固分子
Dignitary
dingy = dark + dirty
Discontinuation of heartbeat
disheveled hair
Dispel darkness
dissipate one’s fatigue
Dizzy = giddy
Do …a / an + adj + justice
Do one’s bit
Do sb a good turn
Do.. by instinct
dog-tired
double sure = fully convinced
Drab = dull, boring, monotonous
Drag on : (neg.) last
Drain one’s teardrops / blood
Draw an analogy between A and B
Drawn-out = prolonged
dream = longing = aspiration 憧憬
Dwell on
dwindle away
Eat into…
Eat with gusto 津津有味地吃
edge away 慢慢离开
eke out a living勉强度日
Elegiac Address to My Nephew Shi’erlang祭祀十二郎文Emaciated = fragile
Embellishment 点缀
Empty into 注入，流入
Enormously magnificent / generous Entertain ambition
Every hook and cranny每个角落Exemplary 模范的
Expanses of vacancy
Extol 称赞
Fall through = bubble = be disillusioned Falteringly 结巴地
Family rules of good behavior
Fare likewise
Fascinating=imposing
=peerless=breath-taking
fawn on / flatter / toady to
Feebly
Fickle man 薄情男子
Fierce-browed
Fighting scene
First-hand experience
Flagstone
flower cultivation
Follow one’s bent/inclination/will
for one’s part 就某人而言
Forsaken roses
Frame/state of mind
Frolic 嬉闹，玩耍
Frostbitten
fruits of labor
Gain access to
Gentle gracefulness
Gesticulate = gesture
Get up to mischief
Get wind of…
Gloomy sternness
gloomy sternness
Gnaw at sb = afflict / torture sb
go out of one’s way 特地
Go out to…(be emotionally drawn to) Go soldiering 军旅生涯
go through the wringer 历尽幸苦
God of Longevity
Grove 树林，果园
Grow by/in leaps and bounds
grow in luxuriance
Grow in rich abundance
Guileless 老实的，不奸诈
Hang on to one’s presence 不肯离开hardier species
Harp on
Harp on 唠叨
have …to one’s name
= be in one’s possession
Have attachment for…
Have blind faith in…
Have designs on…
Have no claim to…对…无拥有权Have nothing to live on
hawk one’s wares
Heart-rending = grievous
Heavenly abode
Herculean strength
Hoary-headed 头发花白
Hoodwink = cajole
household chores
humor editors 应付编辑
I find them all. 尽收眼底Impassioned speech / essay
In all earnest 再三，尽力，竭力
In anticipation of
In defense of…= in one’s defense
in every way 彻头彻尾
in line with 符合
In spite of oneself 不由自主
In the boom / prime of youth
In the morning haze
In the prime of life
In unison
Inadvertently 无意间
indomitable = steadfast
ingratiate sb with…= toady to sb
ingratiate 讨好
Inkling = hint
In-laws
Inspiration gushes
/comes gushing to one’s mind. Intermittently = continually Inwardly
Irreparable loss
Jeer at 奚落
jeering voice
Jujube tree 枣树
Jump down one’s throat 猛地回击keep a wary eye
Keep early hours
Keep one’s body and soul together Keep up appearances
Kitchen-maid
Knack of farming 劳作技能Labyrinth
Lack of propriety = impropriety Lackluster 单调的
Lament with a deep sigh
Languid = lethargic = sluggish
Laud sb to the sky
lavish attention on
lazybones
Lie waste
Lie/remain unknown
Liken / compare sb to …
Limpid brook
Listless 无精打采
Literati 文人学士
Locust tree 槐树
Longing note 杜鹃啼血
look askance at 斜视
Look over one’s shoulder
loving/fond memories
Make a clean break with…
Make a fanfare
Make for…有助于
Make light of 无视
malicious squint
malinger
man of letters
mandarin jacket
mean everything
Meritorious service
mist-shrouded
Model …after…
Money-shop
moral excellence
More dead than alive
Morning glory 牵牛花
Moult one’s shell
Myriads of fireflies荧光千点Mysterious lore
nameless fear/atrocity/loneliness Negotiate gorges
Next to none
Not sleep a wink
nuptial chamber 洞房
Obsequious = flattering Octogenarian 八十岁的人
Old home
Omen
on sentry duty 站哨
On the pretext of…以…为借口/理由Ostrichlike
Overflow with material desire
pack the hall
Palpable = noticeable = tangible Parting sorrow
Pass for = be regarded as
Pass out of existence
peaceful calmness
pendant 坠饰
People of all strata
Perennially young
Personal inclination
Personal liking = preference
perspire / blood profusely
Perusal
Pet phrase
petticoat influence = nepotism
pigsty
Pit –a –pat = pitter –pattering
Pitch-darkness
Play up to = fawn on bigwigs pleasure of life
Ply sb with sth 不断供应
Pounce on…猛地扑向
Prostrate oneself 顺重
Prowl 潜行
Puddles of rainwater雨水坑
Put sb in the mind of…
Quite a few varieties of…
Reddening glow of setting sun
Reed
Refrain from…
Reign supreme 占优势
Render a service to…
respect = reverent = well-mannered Reverberating bell
Rhapsody on E’pang Palace 阿房宫赋rosary 念珠
Royal edict
Rubble 碎石
Rules and regulations
safe haven = soft / peaceful shelter Sallow 蜡黄，灰黄
Sapphire mountains and emerald rivers save up for
sb grow out of …长大
Scarlet cloud
scheme against each other
Scrape along/by艰难度日
Scurry/hasten homewards
sedan-chair
See the light of day 出版问世
Seek a living
seek solace
Sentimental value 纪念价值
Servant girl
Set one’s mind on sth/ to do sth
Shadow boxing
shed tears over…
shoulder pole 扁担
Shout / yell one’s head off
Shrug off one’s words = distrust
Shy away from…= avoid…
Sicken to see
sidelong glance
sideway growth
Sign with regret
Sit bolt upright
Size sb up
Sleep on/over
smart aleck
snatch away
Social strata
Sodden 浸湿的
Sound trailed off.
Sparkling star
Speak volubly 口若悬河
Spell disaster
Spell disaster
spin cotton into yarn 纺纱
Spring drizzle
Spur oneself on
Stand to benefit in …可能/将会有利于Starry
= star-studded
= a constellation of performers and artists
Stereotyped essay
Sth be ingrained 根深蒂固
sth be written all over one’s face Strengthen/toughen/brace up one’s spirits stride over / brush / whiz / flit past
Stroke the scar / chin
Superb attraction
supercilious 高傲的
supplicate 恳求
Supreme duty 最大责任
swagger 昂首阔步走
sweat streams down face. Tadpole
Take …at face value 只看表面take …very much to heart
Take sb to task
= severely reproach/reprimand sb
take to sth/doing
taste of = look like
Tattered clothes
Tear itself away from
Temple太阳穴，鬓角
That’s final.
the asking price 要价
The hooting of an owl
The long night wore on
amid(st) its dripping sound.
The sea of mortals = the living There’s no limit to learning. Thinning hair
Time and money he had none
To complicate matters
= to worsen the situation
To one’s heart’s content
to the effect that…大意是
To the neglect of meals and sleep To the tune of…
touch off = spark
Tower to the sky
Tram 有轨电车
Treat sb/sth to…让某人享受…Tricolor 法国三色国旗Tumultuous = turbulent Turbid, sordid, corpulent
Twig 树枝
twine and climb 盘旋而上
Twinkle / sparkle with…
Twist and turn
Umbilical cord 脐带
unbosom oneself
Under one’s wing / protection Undiminished
= remain strong = not receding Unflinchingly
Unkempt = untidy
unruffled = calm = placid
unsettled life
Unshirkable responsibility
Usurp the throne
Utter/let out a sound
Venerable Guo
venomous = malicious
veranda
Vermin = harmful people / object
Vie in doing sth
wane = pine away = wear away Wayside flower 路边野花Waywardness 任性
Wear an air of casual indifference Wear and tear of time
Weeping willow
Well up
Wheat in the ear 芒种
whetstone 磨刀石
Whimper = sob
Whims and desires 奇思幻想
white poplar 白杨
Wide erudition 博学
Wind up staying…
With no strings attached
Wither away in solitude 在孤寂中凋零Without a soul in sight
wryly = ironically
2. Sentence
A feeling of forlornness will begin to creep up on you.
A glimmer of light filters into …
A keen / biting/ stinging / cutting / savage satire
A life free from worries and cares
A matter of survival or extinction
A soldier knows no compromise.
As fresh as ever in my memory
As smooth as a mirror道滑如拭
Be beside oneself / overwhelmed with joy / rage
Be entranced / attracted / enthralled / enticed
Be fraught with (dreams/concerns)
Be more than eager to do…
Be reserved and content to live in obscurity
Be worthy of remembrance
Bring…into closer contact with…
Convey one’s regards to…
Cries gradually recede from hearing.
discredit / disgrace sb in public
Drink nonstop to…= propose repeated toasts
Endure countless hardships
Graduate with honors
Harbor/have an enmity against…
Hardly be able to escape censure
Have sth to recommend itself 总是好的
He never made enough money.
His debts mounted with each passing year.
how many days I’ve got = I’m entitled to
I feel duty-bound to…= I feel it incumbent on me to…
It filled me with much concern to learn of your indisposition. Lapse into sympathetic silence
Make a still better place of…
Merge into a harmonious whole
muffled
My heart was tramping / racing / pounding.
My heart’s throbbing with gratitude.
nocturnal merry-making under candle-lights
Register/record the days of youth
relive old days/times
See through the vanity of human society
The choice is yours / lies in you.
There reigns peace and quietness.
There’s no denying the fact that…
There’s nothing but stillness there.
A strip of water should have become so vast a distance=keep us poles apart
Be representative/typical/symbolic/emblematic/quintessential of…
Climb (up) the social ladder = rise to power and position
Fulfill the task imposed on you and your father by history
If I were the sea-tide, I’d marshal rolling waves to cleanse the beach of all accumulated filth. Lots of things are apt to fade away as one’s life experience accumulates
Plunge/throw/thrust/thrash the house into deep darkness
the greatest / best …that ever breathed since time immemorial
With/have a slight touch/portion/shade/trace/tint of regret 微叹
张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words …amid(st) thun derous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A con fused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A stone's throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … aptly 恰如其分地Art troupe 文工团At a stretch/sitting At one'scommand at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be en grossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to ??= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/ … Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thi n coati ng of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观Be interwoven with 止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作aim high amiable by nature Amuse on eself by =-do …for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机Ancestral home Approach senility 1
2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（11） 朋友 巴金 这一次的旅行使我更了解一个名词的意义，这个名词就是：朋友。 七八天以前我曾对一个初次见面的朋友说：“在朋友们面前我只感到惭愧(1)。你们待我太好了，我简直没法报答你们。”这并不是谦虚的客气话，这是真的事实。说过这些话，我第二天就离开了那个朋友，并不知道以后还有没有机会再看见他。但是他给我的那一点点温暖至今还使我的心颤动(2)。 我的生命大概不会很长久罢。然而在短促的过去的回顾中却有一盏明灯，照彻了我的灵魂的黑暗，使我的生存有一点光彩。这盏灯就是就友情。我应该感谢它，因为靠了它我才能够活到现在;而且把旧家庭给我留下的阴影扫除了的也正是它。 世间有不少的人为了家庭抛弃朋友，至少也会在家庭和朋友之间划一个界限，把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍。这似乎是很自然的事情。我也曾亲眼看见一些人结婚以后就离开朋友，离开事业。…… 朋友是暂时的，家庭是永久的。在好些人的行为里我发见了这个信条。这个信条在我实在是不可理解的。对于我，要是没有朋友，我现在会变成怎样可怜的东西，我自己也不知道(3)。 然而朋友们把我救了。他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西。他们的友爱，他们的帮助，他们的鼓励，几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来。他们对我表示了无限的慷慨(4)。 我的生活曾经是悲苦的，黑暗的。然而朋友们把多量的同情，多量的爱，多量的欢乐，多量的眼泪分了给我，这些东西都是生存所必需的。这些不要报答的慷慨的施舍，使我的生活里也有了温暖，有了幸福(5)。我默默地接受了它们。我并不曾说一句感激的话，我也没有做过一件报答的行为。但是朋友们却不把自私的形容词加到我的身上。对于我，他们太慷慨了(6)。 这一次我走了许多新地方，看见了许多新朋友。我的生活是忙碌的：忙着看，忙着听，忙着说，忙着走。但是我不曾遇到一点困难，朋友们给我准备好了一切，使我不会缺少什么。我每走到一个新地方，我就像回到我那个在上海被日本兵毁掉的旧居一样。 每一个朋友，不管他自己的生活是怎样苦，怎样简单，也要慷慨地分一些东西给我，虽然明知道我不能够报答他。有些朋友，连他们的名字我以前也不知道，他们却关心我的健康，处处打听我的“病况”，直到他们看见了我那被日光晒黑了的脸和膀子，他们才放心地微笑了，这种情形的确值得人掉泪。 有人相信我不写文章就不能够生活。两个月以前，一个同情我的上海朋友寄稿到《广州民国日报》的副刊，说了许多关于我的生活的话。他也说我一天不写文章第二天就没有饭吃(7)。这是不确实的。这次旅行就给我证明;即使我不再写一个字，朋友们也不肯让我冻馁。世间还有许多慷慨的人，他们并不把自己个人和家庭看得异常重要，超过一切。靠了他们我才能够活到现在，而且靠了他们我还要活下去。 朋友们给我的东西是太多、太多了(8)。我将怎样报答他们呢?但是我知道他
张培基英译现代散文选3 The Commercial Press and I Unable to see the manuscripts well, I have to rely on someone to read out for me.只能听别人念 With a comment scribbled in red ink about my mistake Enter…on the recommendation of sb. 经…介绍 Co-compile with sb.与…合编 I acted on his behalf as editor of the magazine Fiction Monthly. 代他编…（小说月报）With sb. as my collaborator跟…合作 Do proofreading看校样 It was the post-Great Revolution days when the stirring times found expression in literature.时代的激荡会在文学领域反应出来。 He had up to then written no fiction.他过去不写小说。 Start its publication of the magazine…创办…杂志 Sports requisites体育器械 …boast a galaxy of talent…是知识分子聚集的地方。A galaxy of talent人才济济 Became concurrently director of the People’s Education Publishing House兼任社长 …are still living and enjoy good health健在 It is said that people in the publishing trade live longer.有人说做出版工作的人就是长寿。《什么事不可能》Nothing Is Impossible to a Willing Mind 中国古代神话classical Chinese mythology 《封神传》Canonization of the Gods Make aviation experiments 不过这还是极少数“痴子”的信心，一般人还是嗤之以鼻。 Yet the handful of“dreamers”of those days were subjected to jeers and laughters. 学徒出身的发明家an apprentice-turned-inventor Without the above-mentioned early trailblazers, there would be no human flight to speak of today. 对于飞机大饶兴趣(sb. be) enamored of the flying machine. …不是一蹴而成的。Orville’s 1903 plane was something he accomplished after going through numerous setbacks. Made their first glider(滑翔机)patterned after a paper kite(纸鸢) 所以能向前努力者，无论成败，都有贡献。Therefore, succeed or fail, one is considered to have made a contribution so long as he has tried his utmost. In the face of obstacles面对困难 You need to take much time, do a lot of planning, go through countless procedures and carry out many improvements. And you’ll never make it unless you show the utmost patience. 《说开卷有益》On “Reading Is Always Beneficial” 现在多了一点智识，反过来又觉得古人的不欺我了。Now I know better than to do that. （明事理而不至于…） 可是坏书读了，而知道它的坏的原因与地方，岂不也是一得？After reading a bad book, we know all the whys and wherefores of its being bad.Isn’t that something of benefit to us too? 《当教师的快乐》Joys of the Teaching Career
张培基散文翻译张培基散文翻译108篇 转] 张培基散文翻译语言点精要 xx-6-1614:19阅读转载自甲壳虫 · · · · · · 赞赞赞赞评论转载分享复制地址编辑上一篇| 下一篇：此文胜过你上三年、、、 1、It is sometimes beset with …有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2、 Nothing short of a … can help …唯有…才能/全靠…才能够 3、 Rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles、一泻千里 4、 Fare likewise、正如这样 5、 Now … , now …有时…，有时… 6、 Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of …更能让人产生一种…之 感
7、… is now confronted with a … section of its course、…现在正遭遇进程上的 一段… 8、… , however, can only be shared by …而…，只有…样的人才可体会到 9、 The present … crisis can never obstacle the advance of …目前的…危机绝 不会阻碍…的进步 10、 Let us pace up our spirits and march through ...让我们鼓起雄健的精神 (1) 1、The greatest joy of …, is to … during its most difficult days、在最艰难的日 子里…，亦是最大的乐趣 12、 Grow restless 变得焦躁不安 Beg to differ 恕不同意/持反对意见 13、 Dash here and there in search of …跑来跑去的寻找 14、 He is going to … so that he could …他决定…以便… 15、… is not groundless because ……并非空害怕/没依据，因为… 16、 Keep moving around in a hurry 慌慌张张地走/跑
《英译现代散文选》读书报告 正如张培基先生所说，“散文最真实，最笃诚，不雕饰，不做作，因而是一种最易令人感到亲切的文体”，散文“形散神不散”，句式灵活多变、逻辑性不强。因其“率真”的特点，在翻译成英文过程中不仅要考虑恰当词的选择，而且要照顾的中文字里行间所表达的意义，乃至篇章的布局和风格。在翻译成英文前，正确的理解中文所要表达的意思至关重要。这样才能做到“忠实于原作的内容，保持原作的风格”，在次基础上，还要考虑表达是否通顺，能否被读者接受。翻译不仅仅是语言的对等，文化内涵上也要对等，让读者读起来就像读原作一样的感觉。通读张培基先生的《英译现代散文选》(一)能深刻体会到“忠实、通顺”这四字翻译标准。 一、在短语和词的处理上 李大钊的《艰难的国运与雄健的国民》一文，意在说明历史发展的必然规律，表达了中国革命者的乐观精神。其题目翻译为“National Crisis Vs Heroic Nation”，national 和nation 押头韵，有一种音韵美，读起来朗朗上口，铿锵有力，让读者感受到革命势不可挡的气魄。翻译没按字面直译，而是对汉语的精神的提炼，做到了忠实于原文，可谓是升华与再创造。文章中“要知在艰难的国运中建造国家，亦是人生最有趣味的事”，译文“The greatest joy of life, mind you, is to build up our country during its most difficult days. 此句中“在艰难的国运中”强调时间——这段艰难的日子。故不能按照译题目的思路来翻译此处。 在“艰难险阻的境界”、“曲折回环，极其险峻”、“有时是崎岖险路”、“一段崎岖险阻的道路”中，都表达了危险的意思，但是翻译成英文究竟该用哪个“形容危险”的词，是和汉语表意的侧重点分不开的。第一段中的“艰难险阻的境界”侧重说明这段道路有困难和阻碍，故将“险”省去不译。“曲折回环，极其险峻”是在说水流曲折与猛劲的险，而perilous强调即刻临头的危险，用perilous形容更能体现水流之猛，画面感很强。“有时是崎岖险路”是指征人所走过的路中的一种情况，hazardous可以形容造成损失或严重伤害的时机或场合，故这里比dangerous 更恰当。最后一个为了避免重复译为dangerous 也是必要的。在充分理解文章的基础上，做到了忠实于原文，选择恰当的英语词汇，也符合英语表达习惯。做到这些都是基于对中文和英文的深刻理解。 对于一些汉语中特有的词汇，如《差不多先生传》中“差不多先生”译为“Mr. About-the-Same”可谓是一种再创造。“钱铺”译为money shop而不是private bank，确切的表达了原文的意思。《背影》中的“茶房”，汉语中指旅馆轮船等内的服务员，根据语境的不同，翻译的也不一样。文中出现两处“茶房”分别译为了a hotel waiter和train attendants. 汉语表意灵活多变，因此同样的词或短语在不同的位置，侧重表意不同，功能不同，其翻译所选的词也不同。
张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words … amid(st) thunderous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A confused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局 A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A ston e’s throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作 aim high amiable by nature Amuse one self by… = do … for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机 Ancestral home Approach senility aptly 恰如其分地 Art troupe 文工团 At a stretch/sitting At one ’s command at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联 be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be engrossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in Be interwoven with 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张 Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to …= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/… Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thin coating of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出 bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借 Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age Confirmed = habitual Confirmed = habitual Congenial disposition 天性 convulsive sob cool one ’s heel Cordially
2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（2） 螃蟹 老螃蟹觉得不安了，觉得全身太硬了(1)，自己知道要蜕壳(2)了。 他跑来跑去的寻。他想寻一个窟穴，躲了身子，将石子堵了穴口，隐隐的蜕壳。他知道外面蜕壳(3)是危险的。身子还软(4)，要被别的螃蟹吃去的。这并非空害怕，他实在亲眼见过。 他慌慌张张的走。 旁边的螃蟹(5)问他说：“老兄，你何以这般慌?” 他说：“我要蜕壳了。” “就在这里蜕不是很好么?我还要帮你呢。” “那可太怕人了。” “你不怕窟穴里的别的东西，却怕我们同种么?” “我不是怕同种。” “那是怕什么呢?” “就怕你要吃掉我(6)。” The Crab An old crab grew restless. Finding himself stiff all over, he knew it was time for him to moult his shell. He dashed here and there in search of a cave to hide. He was going to block up the mouth of cave so that he could moult in secret. He knew it would be very dangerous to shed his shell in the open because, with his new shell still being soft, he might be eaten up by other crabs. This fear was not groundless for he himself had really seen it happen to other moulting crabs. The old crab kept moving about in a hurry. A nearby crab asked, “Hey, brother, what’s the rush?” “I am going to moult,” answered the old crab. “Wouldn’t it be all right to moult right here? I could help you out with it.” “How horrible that would be!” “You mean while you’ll not scared of other things in the cave you’re scared of your own kind?” “No, I’m not scared of my own kind.” “Then what are you scared of?” “Nothing but being eaten up by you.” 注释: 《螃蟹》是近年发现的鲁迅佚文。文章发表于1919年8月间，时值五四运动方兴未艾，作者通过寓言故事，提醒人们新生事物往往有被旧事物消灭于萌芽状态的危险。 (1)“觉得全身太硬了”译为Finding himself stiff al over，其中all over 意即“全身”或“浑身”，作状语短语用。如逐字译为finding his whole body stiff并无不可，但语言稍欠地道。
张培基散文翻译语言点精要 1. It is sometimes beset with…有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2. Nothing short of a…can help…唯有...才能/全靠…才能够 3. rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles一泻千里 4. Fare likewise.正如这样 5. Now…, now….有时…，有时… 6. Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of…更能让人产生一种…之感 7.…is now confronted with a…section of its course……现在正遭遇进程上的一段… 8.…, however, can only be shared by…而…,只有…样的人才可体会到 9.Thepresent…criscanneverobstacletheadvanceof…目前的…危机绝不会阻碍…的进步。 1 0." Let us brace up our spirit and march through…让我们鼓起雄健的精神… 1 1." The greatest joy of…, is to…during its most difficult days.在最艰难的日子里…，亦是最大的乐趣。 1 2." Grow restless变得焦躁不安Beg to differ恕不同意/持反对意见 1 3." Dash here and there in search o f…跑来跑去的寻找 1
1 张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words … amid(st) thunderous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A confused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局 A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A ston e’s throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作 aim high amiable by nature Amuse one self by… = do … for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机 Ancestral home Approach senility aptly 恰如其分地 Art troupe 文工团 At a stretch/sitting At one ’s command at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联 be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be engrossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in Be interwoven with 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张 Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to …= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/… Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thin coating of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出 bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借 Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age
2016翻译硕士复习资料：英译中国现代散文选（33） 母亲的回忆 朱德 得到母亲去世的消息，我很悲痛。我爱我母亲，特别是她勤劳一生，很多事情是值得我永远回忆的。 我家是佃农，祖籍广东韶关籍人，在“湖广填四川” (1)时迁移四川仪陇县马鞍场。世代为地主耕种，家境是贫苦的(2)，和我们来往的朋友也都是老老实实的贫苦农民。 母亲一共生了十三个儿女，因为家境贫穷，无法全部养活，只留下八个，以后再生下的被迫溺死了。这在母亲心里是多么悲痛、悲哀和无可奈何的事啊!母亲把八个孩子一手养大成人。可是她的时间大半给家务和耕种占去了，没法多照顾孩子，只好让孩子们在地里爬着。 母亲是个“好劳动” (3)。从我能记忆时起，总是天不亮就起床。全家二十口人，妇女轮班煮饭，轮到就煮一年。母亲把饭煮了，还要种田种菜，喂猪养蚕，纺棉花。因为她身材高大结实，还能挑水挑粪。 母亲这样地整日劳碌着，我们到四五岁时就很自然地在旁边帮她的忙，到八九岁时就不单能挑能背，还会种地了。记得那时我从学堂回家，母亲总在灶上汗流满面地烧饭，我就悄悄把书本一放，挑水或放牛去了。有的季节里，我上午读书下午种地，一到农忙便整月停在地里跟着母亲劳动。这个时期母亲教给我许多生产知识。 佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲的聪明能干，却很舒服。我们把桐子榨油来点灯。吃的是豌豆饭，菜花，红薯饭，杂粮饭，把菜籽榨出的油放在饭里做调料，这种地主富人家看也不看的饭食，母亲却能做得使一家吃起来有滋味。赶上丰年，才能缝上一些新衣服，衣服也是自己生产出来的。母亲亲手纺出线，请人织成布，染了颜色，我们叫做“家织布”，有铜钱那样厚，一套衣服老大穿过了，老二老三接下来穿还穿不烂(4)。 劳动的家庭是有规律有组织的。我的祖父是一个中国标本式的农民，到了八九十岁还非耕田不可，不耕田就会害病，直到临死前不久还在地里劳动。祖母是家庭的组织者，一切生产事务由她管理分派。每年除夕，分派好一年的工作以后，天还没亮，母亲就第一个起床烧火做饭去了，接着听见祖父起来的声音，接着大家都离开床铺，喂猪的喂养猪，砍柴的砍柴，挑水的挑水。母亲在家庭里极能够任劳任怨，她和蔼的性格使她从来没有打骂过我们上次，而且也没有和任何人炒过架(5)。因此,虽在这样的大家庭里，长幼叔伯妯娌相处都很和睦。母亲同情贫苦的人——这是她朴素的阶级意识——虽然自己不富裕，还周济和照顾比自己更穷的亲戚(6)。她自己是很节省的。父亲有时吸点大烟，喝点酒，母亲管束着我们，不允许我们沾染上一点。母亲那种劳动简朴的习惯，母亲那种宽厚仁慈的态度，至今还在我心中留有深刻的印象。 但是灾难不因为中国农民的和平就不能降临到他们的身上。庚子(一九○○)后前后，四川连年旱灾，很多农民饥饿破产。农民不得不成群结队去“吃大户”。我亲眼见到六七百著得破破烂烂的农民和他们的妻子儿女，被所谓“官兵”一阵