Chinese Ideology|Introduct ionChinese philosophy/ideology has developed over several thousand of years. Its origin can be traced back to the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It began to take definite shapes during the Spring and Autumn Period and enjoyed thriving development because of the emergence of the “a hundred schools of thought contend” during the Warring States Period.|A hundred schools of thought contendThe Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods (770--221 BC) were a time of great social change, stimulating various schools of thought, such as Confucianism, Legalism, Taoism, and Mohism; and scholars wrote, lectured and debated vigorously, creating a lively academic environment later described as “A hundred schools of thought contend”In general, ancient Chinese philosophy progresses through the following periods: 1. The philosophy in pre-Qin Period The Development The philosophy in pre-Qin of Ancient period was marked by the Chinese emergence of various ancient Ideology philosophical views. The most influential schools were Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism and Legalism.|2. The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty In the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi launched a campaign of “banning all schools of thought except Confucianism”. He ruled out various schools of thought and chose officials from those who were steeped (专心于) in Confucianism only. Consequently, Confucianism became an orthodox school that served as the ideological foundation of the feudal rule throughout the dynasties in China.|Orthodox philosophy advocates that Heaven affects human affairs and human behaviour finds responses in Heaven (天人感应) and the power of the emperors are authorized by Heaven (君权神授). Natural disasters are Heaven’s punishment and condemnation of human behaviour. However, human moral conduct, and political and social disorder, in turn, will effect changes in Heaven. This theory, inspired by Dong Zhongshu, is different from the Confucianism’s theory that man is an integral part of nature (天人合一).3. The Buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Buddhism reached its peak. The Buddhist philosophy became aligned with the wisdom of Chinese philosophers. It mainly discusses the relationship between the subjective and the objective. By analysing the spiritual phenomena and human rationality, it attemps to gain insight into the universe and human life.4. Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming dynastiesIn the Song and Ming dynasties, the rationalistic Confuciain philosophy was of great influence. A new Confucianism developed incorporating the philosophies of Taoism and Buddhism. It maily discusses the relationship between human beings, between man and nature, and between man and society, as well as the nature of human beings.Confucianism | Taoism | The School of Yin and Yang | Legalism Nine Branches | The Schools of Names and Ten | Mohism Schools | The School of Strategists | The School of Eclectics | The School of Agriculture | The School of “Mini-talks|Confucianism|Confucianism is a philosophical school developed from the teachings of the sage Confucius (Kongzi 孔子, 551 – 479 BCE), collected in the Analects of Confucius. It is a system of moral, social, political, and religious thought that has had tremendous influence on Chinese history, thought, and culture down to the 21st century. Some Westerners have considered it to have been the "state religion" of imperial China. Its influence also spread to Korea and Japan.孔子is an ancient sage to the Chinesepeople.social philosopher, whoseteachings and philosophy havedeeply influenced Chinese, Korean,Japanese, and Vietnamese thoughtand life.孔子name as "Confucius."孔子学说的教义|3. Human relationship philosophy —respect between ruler and the subjects; filial piety between family孔子学说的教义3. “li”, moral ways of conduct4. “zhi”, wisdom5. “xin”, faithfulness|Three Obedience and Four Virtues for woman孔子学说的教义which help to maintain social harmony and peace likebenevolence(仁爱), charity, magnanimity（高尚）,sincerity, respectfulness, altruism,(利他) diligence, loving kindness, goodness are included in the concept or Ren.孔子学说的教义inflicting on others that which you do not want yourself.”己所不欲,勿施于人.孔子学说的教义|Li for Confucius is the greatest principle of living. When people live by Li the society will attain order and harmony.孔子学说的教义place while all the other stars surrounded it. 为政以德,譬如北辰居其所而众星共之.孔子学说的教义of Confucian classic the Doctrine of the Mean.(中庸)孔子学说的教义endurance can all find their roots in the Confucian concept of Zhongyong.孔子的影响government, school, family and education.孔子的影响entertainment a medium of education, theelicitation method, to draw inferences aboutother cases from one instance, and to learnfrom more than the regular teacher. All theseprinciples not only got rid of the folly inancient pedagogy, but are still giving outtheir brilliance in modern education.孟子Master Meng in English.Mencius is the Latinizationof his name. He is the onlyperson given such privilegeafter Confucius.孟子and should be exercised inthe interest of the commonpeople.孟子respectDistinguishing right from wrong孟子germs just as he has forlimbs”.(恻隐之心，仁之端也；羞恶之心，义之端也；矢让之心，礼之端也；是非之心，智之端也……人之有是四端也，犹其有四体也。
