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'UNIT 3Section 1 Tactics For ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsExercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms, fink-ups and contractions.Friend: Hi, Linda. I hear you and John got married (1)last month. Linda: Yeah, we did, (smiling) Three weeks (2) ago.Friend: Well. Congratulations!^Linda: Thank you.Friend: Did you (3) have a big weddingLinda: No, we got (4) married at City Hall. We didn't want to spend very much because (5) we're saving to buy a house.Friend: Where did you (6) have the receptionLinda: Oh~ we (7) did n’t have a reception. We just (8) invited a few friends over for drinks afterwards.Friend: What (9) did you wear'Linda: Just a skirt and blouseFriend: Oh!:Linda: And John wore a (10) jacket and jeans.Friend: Where did you (11) go for your honeymoonLinda: We (12) didn't have a honeymoon. We went back to work the next day Ah, here comes (13) my bus.Friend: Listen. (14) I'd love to help celebrate. Why don't you two (15) come over for a drink next week'Linda: Sure. We'd love to. (16)I’ll talk to John and (17) call you Monday.Friend: Great. See you (18) n ext week.Linda: Bye.~PART 2 Listening and Note-takingBob: Look at that Angela. True-Value are going to sell hi-fi's for pounds, I’m going to buy one. We can save at least 20 pounds. Angela: Yes, and look at the washing machines. They're going to sell some washing machines for 98 95 pounds, go we can save 22 pounds. A washing machine is more important than a hi-fi.Bob: By the way. Angela. Do you know how much money we've got About 200pounds, I hope.Angela: Here's the bank statement. I didn't want to open it. Oh, dear. Bob: What's the matterAngela: We haven't got 200 pounds, I'm afraid.Bob: We!l, come on. How much have we got%Angela: Only 150 pounds 16.Exercise A: Bob and Angela are window-shopping. The shop is closed, but they are talking about the sales next week. They are planning to buy a lot of things. Listen to the conversation and take notes on the following items:the things they want to buy the price money they can save1 a hi-fi 72~64 pounds at least 20 pounds.2. a washing machine pounds 22 pounds~Exercise B: Complete the following Sentences.|The amount of money they should pay for the things they want to buy: 171 pounds 59.The amount of money they think they can save: 42 pounds.The amount of money they think they can have: 21}0 pounds,The amount of money they actually have: 150 pounds 16.Section 2 Listening ComprehensionPART 1 Dialogues`Dialogues 1 what’s he likeA: Tell me about your new manager. What's he likeB: Oh, terrific. He's tall, good looking.., well, I think he's good looking, anyway ... and he's about 35 or 36. He's very interested iii all kinds of sports -- football, basketball ... oh, and tennis.My friend told me he's very good at tennis. He plays at the same tennis club ... the club where she plays ... you know.A: Oh, is he friendly I mean, in the office ...B: Well, I don't know him very well. He's a bit ... shy I think. He isn't married, he lives in a flat on his own ... well, just him and his dog.Exercise A: Listen to the conversation and complete the following blanks.)Age: 35 or 36Appearance: good-lookingHobbies: sports football basketball and tennisMarriage status: single / not marriedExercise B: Listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions.1. What is he good at' How does his friend know that(He is good at tennis. His friend knows that because he plays at the same tennis club where she plays.)(2. Does he live alone Has he got a companion(Yes, he lives alone. But he has a companion, his dog.)Dialogue 2 how old are youMan: All right. Keith. How old me youWoman: Thirty-seven.Man: Thirty-seven, yeah' And, erm you marriedWoman: Yes.—Man: Yeah. Have you got children'Woman: Two.Man: Yeah. What are their namesWoman: Toby and Lucy.Man: Toby and Lucy How old arc theyWoman: One's 11, that's Lucy; and Toby's 13.Man: Yeah. Tell me about your job, Keith.Woman: Well, I work at the Oxford University Press. I'm a printer's reader and copy editor.@Man: Erin, what sort of hours of work do you have'Woman: Erm, in the morning.Man: You start work atWoman: Yes. I start at in the morning and finish at . That's with a 45-minute lunch break.Man: Yeah. Do you like it that way Do you like starting very early Woman: No, I don't. No.Man: How do you go to workWoman: Er, well, I cycle from here to Didcot station, and then catch the train and return journey.、Man: Tell me one or two things you like doing, and one or two things you don't like doing. What do you like doing What do you do for enjoymentWoman: Weil, I'm quite interested in antiques*.Man: Yes.Woman: Things I don't like I don't like decorating. I'm not awfully keen on gardening.Man: OK.Woman: What reading -- what sort of-- what newspaper do you read Man.' The Times.Woman: The Times, yeah./Man: And The Sunday Times.Woman: Yeah. And what kind of books do you readMan: Erm-- tends to be more along history lines. Not novels, generally, more general history. Local history especially.Woman: Yeah, OK. Do you smoke, KeithMan: No.Woman: You drinkMan: Occasionally.Woman: Yeah. Do you go to church}Man: Not very often, no.Woman: Right. Thank you very much indeed.Exercise: Listen to the interview and complete the following report. Name of the interviewee: Keith.Keith is (1) 37 years old. She's got (2) two children. One is (3)11 and the other is (4)13. She is a (5) p rinter’s reader and copy editor at the (6) Oxford University Press. She starts work at (7) 7:30~and finishes at (8) with a (9) 45-minute lunch break. She goes to work by (10) bicycle and train.She is interested in (11) antiques. She dislikes (E2) decorating and is not awfully (13) keen on gardening. She reads quite a lot, (14) newspapers, books, especially (15) books of history.She doesn't (16) smoke and drinks (17) only occasionally. She doesn't (18) go to the church often. .Part 2 PassageInformational interviewingInformational interviews are one of the most beneficial ways through which to learn about a career field; they can also serve as a place to begin networking. Their purpose is to explore a particular field or organization and learn the "ins and outs*" of that field from a practitioner*. Rather than being asked questions, you are the questioner, gathering information that will help you evaluate* your interest in and suitability for a particular opportunity.An informational interview is a fine place to raise doubts you might have. explore the compatibility* of your work values with those expressed in the field and ask for advice. An individual whom you interview for information can also critique your resume.Although you may not specifically find out about a job opening, informational interviewing will often provide leads* as to where to begin a successful job search and will help you choose between fields you are considering. If you are unable to find your former students or parents to meet for an informational interview, try contacting employers or organizations found in one of the closed stack*directories in the CRC* library.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.、2. A3. C4. B5. C6. A7. BPart 3 NewsNews item 1This presidential election is creating unusual interest and excitement across America, especially with young people and Democrats.The Democrats hope to reclaim the White House after eight years of Republican presidency. Yet candidates from both parties are promising change.There are major issues facing Americans: the weakening economy, the Iraq war. Other concerns include the troubled housing market, high costs of health care and energy, and the debate over illegal immigration.But interest in the election is also being driven by the candidates themselves. Democrats Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama would become America's first female or first black president. Republican John McCain would become, at age seventy-two, the oldest president elected to a first term.Ex. A: Summarize the newsThis news item is about the presidential election in the USA.Ex. B: choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.2. B3. B4. ANews item 2The space shuttle Discovery landed at Kennedy Space Center in the state of Florida last month. It was the one hundred twentieth shuttle flight and the twenty-third to the International Space Station.The United States space agency had two main goals for this flight of Discovery. First, the crew was to move a structure from one side of the space station to the other. And then they were to add a new room to the space station.·NASA calls the new addition to the space station the Harmony connecting module. It is the first new room added to the space station since two thousand one. Harmony is about seven meters long and about four meters wide. It will be a passageway between the laboratories and the rest of the space station.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary, This news item is about the 120th flight of the space shuttle Discovery. Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and complete the following passage.Landing time: last monthLanding site: Kennedy Space Center in the state of FloridaIt was the one hundred twentieth shuttle flight and the twenty-third to the International Space Station.…Two main goals for this flight:1. The crew was to move a structure from one side of the space station to the other.2. They were to add a new room—Harmony—to the space station. connecting;the first new room; 2001;seven meters; four meters;passageway; the rest;News item 3The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow six policies to prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths. The six policiesare known as MPOWER, spelled M-P-O-W-E-R.The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. The P is for protecting people by establishing smoke-free areas. The O stands for offering services to help people stop smoking. The W is for warning people about the dangers of tobacco. The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And R is for raising taxes on tobacco.The says tobacco now causes more than five million deaths a year. It predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year two thousand thirty. By the end of the century, it says, tobacco could kill one billion people -- ten times as many as in the twentieth century.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary. This news item is about tobacco risk to a billion lives this century, as predicted by the WHO.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and answer the following questions.[1. The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow six policies to prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths.2. The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. The P is for protecting people by establishing smoke-free areas. The O stands for offering services to help people stop smoking. The W is for warning people about the dangers of tobacco.The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And the R is for raising taxes on tobacco.3. The WHO says tobacco now causes more than five million deaths a year.4. Yes. The WHO predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year 2030.5. By the end of the century, tobacco could kill one billion people- ten times as many as in the twentieth century.Section 3 Oral Work(Mrs White: How did your writing go this morning Is the book coming along all right'Mr White: l’m not sure. I think the rest of it will be difficult to write. There are still some problems to solve.Mrs White: I expect you'll find the answers interesting to work out. Mr White: If I can work them out. Thank goodness the house is easy to work in. I shall at leastha able to think.Mrs White: You've forgotten something. Peace and quiet will ha difficultto guarantee muchlonger.Mr White: Good, heavens, yes. The school holidays start in a week, don't they The house will be impossible to work in while they last. Mrs White: Well, some extra noise is hard to avoid. But I'll keep them away from the study as much as I can. That'll beall right to work in.—Mr White: What about the garden It was beautifully peaceful and quiet out there this morning.Mrs White: Well, you'd better make the most of it while it lasts. Peace and quiet will ha hard to find in the garden pretty soon, I'mafraid.Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and then answer some questions about it. You will hear the dialogue and the questions only once. Answer each question with a complete sentence after you have heard it.Questions:] What was Mr White doing this morning'He was writing his book this morning4>2. According to Mr White. was the book coming along all right(No, he thought the rest of the book would be difficult to write.)3 What did Mrs White expect(She expected that Mr White would find the answers to some problems occurred in his book.~4. Why did Mr White think the house was easy ro work in(Because he would at least be able to think )5 When would the school holidays start(They would start in a week I%6. Was it possible for Mr White to work in the house during the school holidays(No, it was impossible for him to work in the house,7. Could Mr White work in the garden this morning.Yes. he could work in the garden this morning.)Why (Because it was peaceful and quiet)8. Why should Mr White make most of it while the garden was peaceful and quiet(Because peace: and quiet would hard to find in the garden pretty soon.)；Part 2 RetellingTo the American people, education is very important. The first twelve years of public school are free of charge. As a result, about 93 percent of the teenagers from fourteen to seventeen years old are in high school.However, 200 years ago, education was not free. American elementary schools were only for rich people. Most young people were not in school.The first public high school was in 1832. The purpose of the school was to prepare students for college. Its most important subjects were mathematics and foreign languages.Nowadays, American education is a big business. There are about 45 million students in thenation's elementary schools and high schools, Each year there are about three million high school graduates.The main purpose of high school is still to prepare students for college. There are also job training programmes in high school and programmes to teach useful skills for everyday life – for example, driver training, first aid, and even cooking.%Exercise: Listen to the passage and then retell il in your own words. You will hear thepassage only once.Section 4 Supplementary ExercisesPart I Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 British postmen and milkmenBritish postmen and milkmen have a reputation for being cheerful. As they both arrive very early in the morning, when you are perhaps not feeling very good-tempered, their brisk* knocking and bright whistling may get on your nerves. Of course, there are some gloomy postmen, who make you think that every letter contains tragic news, but the majority are jolly and good-humoured. This is quite surprising, because delivering the mail each morning is a job which is not very well paid and there are a great many problems.The city postman has to go on foot, not only along streets but also up and down stairs, as many blocks of flats still have no lifts and no downstairs letterbox. If he has a registered letter to deliver, he has to wait for someone to come to the door to sign for it. That person may greet him in a most unfriendly way if he has just been woken from a deepsleep very early in the morning.（In the country, a postman may have a bicycle or a small van, so he does not have to walk so far, but nevertheless he has his problems too. It is very annoying to be compelled* to go all the way to an isolated house simply to deliver a postcard or a circular, when this makes the journey half an hour longer. In winter, weather conditions are bad, but the postman must carry on in the rain or the snow.Sometimes it is impossible to use a van or a bicycle in these conditions, and he has to do his round*on foot, like his city colleague. Most country people keep a dog. Although there may be a notice on the gate, "BEWARE OF THE DOG," this is of little help to the postman~ He is forced to go in, whether the dog is dangerous or not. So every day the country postman knows that, if the dog is not safely tied up, it may bite him on the leg or tear* the seat* out of his trousers.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences,2. A3. C4. A5. D6. A7. D8. BPassage 2 Study in the United StatesThe latest report from the Institute for International Education gives information from the school year that began in September of last year and ended in May of this year. It says more than 500,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.New York University in New York City had the largest number of foreign students. Almost5,000 foreign students attended NYU last year. The University of Southern California at Los Angeles had the second largest number of students, about 4,500.The report says the State of California had the most foreign students, with about 66,000 living there last year. New York State was next, with about 55,000 foreign students.China sent the most foreign students to the United States last year. More than 54,000 Chinese students attended American schools. Japan sent the next highest number of students, almost 47,000. India was next, with about 42,000. And Korea was fourth, sending more than 41,000 students to the United States.The report says the most popular subjects of study for international students in the United States last year were business and management. Twenty percent of all foreign students were studying those subjects. Fifteen percent studied engineering. Nineteen percent studied mathematics and computer science.Exercise A: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discusswith your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.F 1. The school year in the United States begins in September of thisyear and ends in June of next year. (The school year in theUnited States begins in September of this year and ends inMay of the next year.)F 2. New York University in the State of New York had the largest numberof foreign students. (New York University in New York City hadthe largest number of foreign students.)T 3. The State of California had the most foreign students living there last year. (The report says the State of California had themost foreign students, with about 66,000 living there last year.)F 4. More than 50,000 foreign college students attended American schoolsduring that school year. (More than 500,000 foreign collegestudents attended American schools during that schoolyear.)F 5. Last year the most popular subject of study for internationalstudents in the United States was computer science. (Lastyear the most popular subject of study for international stu- dents in the United States was business and management.)Exercise B: Listen to the report again and match the number of studentswith the corresponding country.54,000 India47,000 China421000 Korea41 000 JapanPart 2 Oral WorkIn a recent broadcast, I heard a woman say that she felt guilty becauseshe spent ~20 at an auction sale. She was afraid her husband might accuseher of being extravagant. I find this attitude difficult to understand,for, obviously a married woman has as much right to spend ~20 as her husband. Sometimes both husband and wife go out to work. But, in a casewhere the woman stays at home to look after the children, it is stillunfair that she should feel guilty about spending a small sum of moneyon herself.Exercise: Listen to the passage and then give your opinion on the following topic.Do you agree with the speaker that the woman's attitude is wrong。
Unit 2:Section1.Part 1:Woman: Good evening.Man: Good evening. Can you make up this prescription, please? Woman: Certainly. Would you like to wait?Man: How long will it take?Woman: It’ll be ready in twenty minutes.Man: Oh, I’ll come back later.Woman: All right, sir.Man: Shall I pay now or later?Woman: Later will be all right.Part 2:B:Where they are now ①Cinema ④Bridge Street ⑦Station ⑧Section 2.Part 1, dialogue 1A:1. The man lives in Hampstead now. F2. The man has changed his job. T3. The place where the man lives now is about 15 miles away from London. F B:1.Why did the man move out of London?Because London is so dirty and there is so much stress.2. Where does he live now?He lives in a village in the country, about 40 miles away from London.3. How did he use to go to work now?He used to go to work by bicycle.4. How does he go to work now?He probably goes to work by car now.5. Where does he work now?He works for a newspaper in London now.Dialogue 2QuestionnaireName: Phyllis Nationality: UKBeing abroad: Yes:√No:If has been abroad: Country: Australia Length of stay: twelve yearsWhere were her family during her stay in that country: Her family were with her stay in that country.Advantages of living in that country: The climate is good and the way of life is very relaxed.Time when she returned home: She was back to her home about ten years ago. Part 21.How many tourists pour into London in the summer? A. About seven million.2.What will happen to Oxford Street? A. It will get so crowded.3.How about food and weather in London? D. Dissatisfactory.4.Which of the following is not one of the many obvious tourist attractions mentioned in London? D. The Victoria Station.5.Where can travelers find a good introduction to the historical London? B. In London Museum.6.What dose “democratic” refer to? C. Popular.7.What does the speaker say about shopping? A. There are shops suiting all tastes.8.What does the speaker say about eating? B. A good English food is hard to find.Part 3 News item 1A:This news item is about a research which says thirty-five percent of all child deaths worldwide are caused by under nutrition, hunger.B:New ResearchThe Lancet: the English medical magazine.Reason for thirty-five percent of all child deaths worldwide: under nutrition, hunger.The answer to the problem: greater investment in nutritional services and improvements to health systems.Countries involved in the research: poor to middle-income in Africa, Asia and Latin America.Comments from the lead author of the series of the studies: more than three and a half million mothers and children under five die in poor countries each year because of under nutrition.News Item 2A:This news item is about the retirement of Bill Gates from full-time work at the wor ld’s biggest computer software company, Micrisoft.B:1.What did Bill Gates do last week?Bill Gates retired from full-time work at the world’s biggest computer software company, Microsoft.2.When was the company established?The world’s biggest computer sof tware company was established in 1975.3.What is the “network effect” mentioned in the news item?The network effect means that software is the kind of product that increases in value as more people buy and use it.4.What will Mr.Gates spend most of his time on?Mr.Gates will now spend most of his time working at his charity organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.5.How big is the endowment of the foundation?The foundation is the world’s larges t charity with over thirty-seven billion dollars.6.What does the Bill an Melinda Gates Foundation provide money for?It provides money for health, education and other projects, mostly in developing countries.News Item 3A:This news item is about a public offer made by Microsoft to buy the Internet company Yahoo for competing with Google.B:1.The combined companies of Microsoft and Yahoo would be more competitive in the online services market. T2.Yahoo accepted the offer made by Microsoft. F3.Yahoo maintains the price offered by Microsoft underestimates the value of theYahoo company. T4.Yahoo’s expert knowledge would be of little help in Microsoft’s development. F5.Yahoo’s employees might refuse to cooperate with Microsoft in the future. T Section 3.Part 11.The woman ordered the roast beef.2.The woman would like to have the garlic mushrooms.3.The restaurant offers cauliflower and carrots.4.The woman ordered carrots.5.The woman ordered just a glass of water.6.No, the woman didn’t order any dessert.7.No, the woman didn’t like the bread served.8.Because the bread was not fresh.Part 2.It was Monday morning. Betty left home early that day because she was going to start work at an office. She was only sixteen and this was her first job. Unfortunately, the traffic was so dense that she was a few minutes late When she arrived at the office. When she entered the office, she saw Mr Crump, her boss, speaking to the people in an angry voice. She was very afraid and didn't dare to say anything. Later that day, she found out what had happened, As a rule, Mr Crump came to the office at about 9:30, because he lived a long way out in the country and came up by train every day. That morning, however, hehappened to catch an earlier train, and when he arrived at the office, he was greatly annoyed to see that no one was working. All the clerks were standing around, smoking, laughing and telling jokes.Section 4.Passage 11.When was London known as “Swinging London”?C. In the mid 1960s.2.Why are so many people attracted to visit London?A.Partly because of its relatively low cost.3.Why is the British Theater world-famous?D. It offers everything from Shakespeare to West End comedy.4.Where are the films shown in a large number of cinemas from?B. All over the world.5.What does “take your choice” mean here when the concert is mentioned?D. It is up to you.6.Which are the best places to go when it rains?C. Museums and art galleries.7.How can a traveler get to Greenwich?B. Down the River Thames.8.What does the speaker think of making a trip to London?D. One never feels the lack of interest.Passage 2A:Eric 1506040012 Students at American universities must have health insurance, because health costs in the United States are high.2.Many American colleges have heath centers where minor medical problems can be treated.3.The University of Michigan in Ann Arbor offers its health insurance plan that costs about 800 dollars a year.4.Boston College in Massachusetts suggests the students buy the college accident and sickness insurance that costs about 500 dollars a year.B:Hospital services √Birth control ×Laboratory teats √X-rays √Drugs prescribed by a doctor √Hearing aids ×Eyeglasses ×Emergency room care √Dental treatment ×Doctor visits √。
UNIT 3Section 1 Tactics For ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsExercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms, fink-ups and contractions.Friend: Hi, Linda. I hear you and John got married (1)last month.Linda: Yeah, we did, (smiling) Three weeks (2) ago.Friend: Well. Congratulations!Linda: Thank you.Friend: Did you (3) have a big weddingLinda: No, we got (4) married at City Hall. We didn't want to spend very much because (5) we're saving to buy a house.Friend: Where did you (6) have the receptionLinda: Oh~ we (7) did n’t have a reception. We just (8) invited a few friends over for drinks afterwards.Friend: What (9) did you wear'Linda: Just a skirt and blouseFriend: Oh!Linda: And John wore a (10) jacket and jeans.Friend: Where did you (11) go for your honeymoonLinda: We (12) didn't have a honeymoon. We went back to work the next day Ah, here comes (13) my bus.Friend: Listen. (14) I'd love to help celebrate. Why don't you two (15) come over for a drink next week'Linda: Sure. We'd love to. (16)I’ll talk to John and (17) call you Monday.Friend: Great. See you (18) n ext week.Linda: Bye.PART 2 Listening and Note-takingBob: Look at that Angela. True-Value are going to sell hi-fi's for pounds, I’m going to buy one. We can save at least 20 pounds.Angela: Yes, and look at the washing machines. They're going to sell some washing machines for 98 95 pounds, go we can save 22 pounds. A washing machine is more important than a hi-fi.Bob: By the way. Angela. Do you know how much money we've got About 200 pounds, I hope.Angela: Here's the bank statement. I didn't want to open it. Oh, dear.Bob: What's the matterAngela: We haven't got 200 pounds, I'm afraid.Bob: We!l, come on. How much have we gotAngela: Only 150 pounds 16.Exercise A: Bob and Angela are window-shopping. The shop is closed, but they are talking about the sales next week. They are planning to buy a lot of things. Listen to the conversation and take notes on the following items:the things they want to buy the price money they can save1 a hi-fi 72~64 pounds at least 20 pounds.2. a washing machine pounds 22 pounds~Exercise B: Complete the following Sentences.The amount of money they should pay for the things they want to buy: 171 pounds 59.The amount of money they think they can save: 42 pounds.The amount of money they think they can have: 21}0 pounds,The amount of money they actually have: 150 pounds 16.Section 2 Listening ComprehensionPART 1 DialoguesDialogues 1 what’s he likeA: Tell me about your new manager. What's he likeB: Oh, terrific. He's tall, good looking.., well, I think he's good looking, anyway ...and he's about 35 or 36. He's very interested iii all kinds of sports -- football, basketball ... oh, and tennis. My friend told me he's very good at tennis. He plays at the same tennis club ... the club where she plays ... you know.A: Oh, is he friendly I mean, in the office ...B: Well, I don't know him very well. He's a bit ... shy I think. He isn't married, he lives in a flat on his own ... well, just him and his dog.Exercise A: Listen to the conversation and complete the following blanks.Age: 35 or 36Appearance: good-lookingHobbies: sports football basketball and tennisMarriage status: single / not marriedExercise B: Listen to the conversation again and answer the following questions. 1. What is he good at' How does his friend know that(He is good at tennis. His friend knows that because he plays at the same tennis club where she plays.)2. Does he live alone Has he got a companion(Yes, he lives alone. But he has a companion, his dog.)Dialogue 2 how old are youMan: All right. Keith. How old me youWoman: Thirty-seven.Man: Thirty-seven, yeah' And, erm you marriedWoman: Yes.Man: Yeah. Have you got children'Woman: Two.Man: Yeah. What are their namesWoman: Toby and Lucy.Man: Toby and Lucy How old arc theyWoman: One's 11, that's Lucy; and Toby's 13.Man: Yeah. Tell me about your job, Keith.Woman: Well, I work at the Oxford University Press. I'm a printer's reader and copy editor.Man: Erin, what sort of hours of work do you have'Woman: Erm, in the morning.Man: You start work atWoman: Yes. I start at in the morning and finish at . That's with a 45-minutelunch break.Man: Yeah. Do you like it that way Do you like starting very earlyWoman: No, I don't. No.Man: How do you go to workWoman: Er, well, I cycle from here to Didcot station, and then catch the train and return journey.Man: Tell me one or two things you like doing, and one or two things you don't like doing. What do you like doing What do you do for enjoyment Woman: Weil, I'm quite interested in antiques*.Man: Yes.Woman: Things I don't like I don't like decorating. I'm not awfully keen on gardening.Man: OK.Woman: What reading -- what sort of-- what newspaper do you readMan.' The Times.Woman: The Times, yeah.Man: And The Sunday Times.Woman: Yeah. And what kind of books do you readMan: Erm-- tends to be more along history lines. Not novels, generally, more general history. Local history especially.Woman: Yeah, OK. Do you smoke, KeithMan: No.Woman: You drinkMan: Occasionally.Woman: Yeah. Do you go to churchMan: Not very often, no.Woman: Right. Thank you very much indeed.Exercise: Listen to the interview and complete the following report.Name of the interviewee: Keith.Keith is (1) 37 years old. She's got (2) two children. One is (3)11 and the other is (4)13. She is a (5) p rinter’s reader and copy editor at the (6) Oxford University Press. She starts work at (7) 7:30~and finishes at (8) with a (9) 45-minute lunch break. She goes to work by (10) bicycle and train.She is interested in (11) antiques. She dislikes (E2) decorating and is not awfully (13) keen on gardening. She reads quite a lot, (14) newspapers, books, especially (15) books of history.She doesn't (16) smoke and drinks (17) only occasionally. She doesn't (18) go to the church often. .Part 2 PassageInformational interviewingInformational interviews are one of the most beneficial ways through which to learn about a career field; they can also serve as a place to begin networking. Their purpose is to explore a particular field or organization and learn the "ins and outs*" of that field from a practitioner*. Rather than being asked questions, you are the questioner, gathering information that will help you evaluate* your interest in and suitability for a particular opportunity.An informational interview is a fine place to raise doubts you might have. explore the compatibility* of your work values with those expressed in the field and ask for advice. An individual whom you interview for information can also critique your resume.Although you may not specifically find out about a job opening, informationalinterviewing will often provide leads* as to where to begin a successful job search and will help you choose between fields you are considering. If you are unable to find your former students or parents to meet for an informational interview, try contacting employers or organizations found in one of the closed stack*directories in the CRC* library.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.2. A3. C4. B5. C6. A7. BPart 3 NewsNews item 1This presidential election is creating unusual interest and excitement across America, especially with young people and Democrats.The Democrats hope to reclaim the White House after eight years of Republican presidency. Yet candidates from both parties are promising change.There are major issues facing Americans: the weakening economy, the Iraq war. Other concerns include the troubled housing market, high costs of health care and energy, and the debate over illegal immigration.But interest in the election is also being driven by the candidates themselves. Democrats Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama would become America's first female or first black president. Republican John McCain would become, at age seventy-two, the oldest president elected to a first term.Ex. A: Summarize the newsThis news item is about the presidential election in the USA.Ex. B: choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.2. B3. B4. ANews item 2The space shuttle Discovery landed at Kennedy Space Center in the state of Florida last month. It was the one hundred twentieth shuttle flight and the twenty-third to the International Space Station.The United States space agency had two main goals for this flight of Discovery. First, the crew was to move a structure from one side of the space station to the other. And then they were to add a new room to the space station.NASA calls the new addition to the space station the Harmony connecting module. It is the first new room added to the space station since two thousand one. Harmony is about seven meters long and about four meters wide. It will be a passageway between the laboratories and the rest of the space station.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary,This news item is about the 120th flight of the space shuttle Discovery.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and complete the following passage. Landing time: last monthLanding site: Kennedy Space Center in the state of FloridaIt was the one hundred twentieth shuttle flight and the twenty-third to the International Space Station.Two main goals for this flight:1. The crew was to move a structure from one side of the space station to the other.2. They were to add a new room—Harmony—to the space station.connecting;the first new room; 2001;seven meters; four meters;passageway; the restNews item 3The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow six policies to prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths. The six policies are known as MPOWER, spelled M-P-O-W-E-R.The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. The P is for protecting people by establishing smoke-free areas. The O stands for offering services to help people stop smoking. The W is for warning people about the dangers of tobacco. The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And R is for raising taxes on tobacco.The says tobacco now causes more than five million deaths a year. It predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year two thousand thirty. By the end of the century, it says, tobacco could kill one billion people -- ten times as many as in the twentieth century.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.This news item is about tobacco risk to a billion lives this century, as predicted by the WHO.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and answer the following questions.1. The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow six policies to prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths.2. The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. The P is for protecting people by establishing smoke-free areas. The O stands for offeringservices to help people stop smoking. The W is for warning people about the dangers of tobacco.The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And the R is for raising taxes on tobacco.3. The WHO says tobacco now causes more than five million deaths a year.4. Yes. The WHO predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year 2030.5. By the end of the century, tobacco could kill one billion people- ten times as many as in the twentieth century.Section 3 Oral WorkMrs White: How did your writing go this morning Is the book coming along all right'Mr White: l’m not sure. I thin k the rest of it will be difficult to write. There are still some problems to solve.Mrs White: I expect you'll find the answers interesting to work out.Mr White: If I can work them out. Thank goodness the house is easy to work in.I shall at leastha able to think.Mrs White: You've forgotten something. Peace and quiet will ha difficult to guarantee muchlonger.Mr White: Good, heavens, yes. The school holidays start in a week, don't they The house will be impossible to work in while they last.Mrs White: Well, some extra noise is hard to avoid. But I'll keep them away from the study as much as I can. That'll be all right to workin.Mr White: What about the garden It was beautifully peaceful and quiet out there this morning.Mrs White: Well, you'd better make the most of it while it lasts. Peace and quiet will ha hard to find in the garden pretty soon, I'm afraid.Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and then answer some questions about it. You will hear the dialogue and the questions only once. Answer each question with a complete sentence after you have heard it.Questions:] What was Mr White doing this morning'He was writing his book this morning42. According to Mr White. was the book coming along all right(No, he thought the rest of the book would be difficult to write.)3 What did Mrs White expect(She expected that Mr White would find the answers to some problems occurred in his book.~4. Why did Mr White think the house was easy ro work in(Because he would at least be able to think )5 When would the school holidays start(They would start in a week I6. Was it possible for Mr White to work in the house during the school holidays(No, it was impossible for him to work in the house,7. Could Mr White work in the garden this morning.Yes. he could work in the garden this morning.)Why (Because it was peaceful and quiet)8. Why should Mr White make most of it while the garden was peaceful and quiet(Because peace: and quiet would hard to find in the garden pretty soon.)Part 2 RetellingTo the American people, education is very important. The first twelve years of public school are free of charge. As a result, about 93 percent of the teenagers from fourteen to seventeen years old are in high school.However, 200 years ago, education was not free. American elementary schools were only for rich people. Most young people were not in school.The first public high school was in 1832. The purpose of the school was to prepare students for college. Its most important subjects were mathematics and foreign languages.Nowadays, American education is a big business. There are about 45 million students in thenation's elementary schools and high schools, Each year there are about three million high school graduates.The main purpose of high school is still to prepare students for college. There are also job training programmes in high school and programmes to teach useful skills for everyday life – for example, driver training, first aid, and even cooking.Exercise: Listen to the passage and then retell il in your own words. You will hear thepassage only once.Section 4 Supplementary ExercisesPart I Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 British postmen and milkmenBritish postmen and milkmen have a reputation for being cheerful. As they both arrive very early in the morning, when you are perhaps not feeling very good-tempered, their brisk* knocking and bright whistling may get on your nerves. Of course, there are some gloomy postmen, who make you think that every letter contains tragic news, but the majority are jolly and good-humoured. This is quite surprising, because delivering the mail each morning is a job which is not very well paid and there are a great many problems.The city postman has to go on foot, not only along streets but also up and down stairs, as many blocks of flats still have no lifts and no downstairs letterbox. If he has a registered letter to deliver, he has to wait for someone to come to the door to sign for it. That person may greet him in a most unfriendly way if he has just been woken from a deep sleep very early in the morning.In the country, a postman may have a bicycle or a small van, so he does not have to walk so far, but nevertheless he has his problems too. It is very annoying to be compelled* to go all the way to an isolated house simply to deliver a postcard or a circular, when this makes the journey half an hour longer. In winter, weather conditions are bad, but the postman must carry on in the rain or the snow.Sometimes it is impossible to use a van or a bicycle in these conditions, and he has to do his round*on foot, like his city colleague. Most country people keep a dog. Although there may be a notice on the gate, "BEWARE OF THE DOG," this is of little help to the postman~ He is forced to go in, whether the dog is dangerous or not. So every day the country postman knows that, if the dog is not safely tied up, it may bite him on the leg or tear* the seat* out of his trousers.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences,2. A3. C4. A5. D6. A7. D8. BPassage 2 Study in the United StatesThe latest report from the Institute for International Education gives information from the school year that began in September of last year and ended in May of this year. It says more than 500,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.New York University in New York City had the largest number of foreign students. Almost5,000 foreign students attended NYU last year. The University of Southern California at Los Angeles had the second largest number of students, about 4,500.The report says the State of California had the most foreign students, with about 66,000 living there last year. New York State was next, with about 55,000 foreign students.China sent the most foreign students to the United States last year. More than 54,000 Chinese students attended American schools. Japan sent the next highest number of students, almost 47,000. India was next, with about 42,000. And Korea was fourth, sending more than 41,000 students to the United States.The report says the most popular subjects of study for international students in the United States last year were business and management. Twenty percent of all foreign students were studying those subjects. Fifteen percent studied engineering. Nineteen percent studied mathematics and computer science.Exercise A: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.F 1. The school year in the United States begins in September of this year and endsin June of next year. (The school year in the United States begins in September of this year and ends in May of the next year.)F 2. New York University in the State of New York had the largest number of foreign students. (New York University in New York City had the largest number of foreign students.)T 3. The State of California had the most foreign students living there last year. (The report says the State of California had the most foreign students, with about 66,000 living there last year.)F 4. More than 50,000 foreign college students attended American schools duringthat school year. (More than 500,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.)F 5. Last year the most popular subject of study for international students in theUnited States was computer science. (Last year the most popular subject of study for international stu- dents in the United States was business and management.)Exercise B: Listen to the report again and match the number of students with the corresponding country.54,000 India47,000 China421000 Korea41 000 JapanPart 2 Oral WorkIn a recent broadcast, I heard a woman say that she felt guilty because she spent~20 at an auction sale. She was afraid her husband might accuse her of being extravagant. I find this attitude difficult to understand, for, obviously a married woman has as much right to spend ~20 as her husband. Sometimes both husband and wife go out to work. But, in a case where the woman stays at home to look after the children, it is still unfair that she should feel guilty about spending a small sum of money on herself.Exercise: Listen to the passage and then give your opinion on the following topic. Do you agree with the speaker that the woman's attitude is wrong。
Unit 1Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent1. We haven’t got any in dark blue.2. We can’t make it at nine tomorrow.3. My telephone number is not 65031609.4. I don’t like the black jumper.5. He won’t come by the 7:30 train.(The word or digit in bold has the most stress)Exercise:1. a2. b3. a4. b5. bPart2 Listening and Note-talkingDriving CarefullyDrive carefully and slowly when pedestrians are about, particularly in crowded shopping streets, when you see a bus stopped, or near a parked mobile shop. Watch out for pedestrians coming from behind parked or stopped vehicles, or from other places where you might not be able to see them.Three out of four pedestrians killed or seriously injured areeither under fifteen or over sixty. The young and elderly may not judge speeds very well, and may step into the road when you do not expect them. Give them, and the infirm, or blind, or disabled people, plenty of time to cross the road.Drive slowly near schools, and look out for children getting on or off school buses. Stop when signalled to do so by a school crossingpatrol showing a Stop-Children sign. Be careful near a parked ice-cream van—children are more interested in ice-cream then in traffic.When coming to a zebra crossing. be ready to slow down or stop tolet people cross. You must give way once they have stepped onto a crossing. Signal to other drivers that you mean to slow down or stop. Give yourself more time to slow down or stop on wet or icy roads. Never overtake just before a zebra crossing.Exercise A:1. Drive carefully and slowly when pedestrians are about.2. Three out of four pedestrians killed are either under fifteen or over sixty.3. Be careful near a parked ice-cream van—children are more interested in ice-cream than in traffic.4. When coming to a zebra crossing, be ready to slow down or stopto let people cross.5. You must give way once they have stepped onto a crossing.Exercise B:Driving Carefully. Look out for pedestriansA. Drive carefully at crowded shopping streets.B. Drive carefully near a bus stop.C. Drive carefully near a parked mobile shop.. Look out for the young, the old and the disabledA. Three out of four pedestrians killed or seriously injured are either under fifteen or over sixty.B. The young and the elderly may not judge speeds very well.C. Give them, and the infirm, or blind, or disabled people, plenty of time to cross the road.. Look out for childrenA. Stop at a Stop—Children signB. Drive slowly near a parked ice-cream van. Coming to a zebra crossingA. Slow down or stop to let people cross.B. Signal to other drivers that you mean to slow down or stop.C. Never overtake just before a zebra crossing.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1 Making ArrangementsMum: Hello.Tessa: Hi, Mum. It’s me. How are you?Mum: Oh, I’m fine, Tessa. I except you’re phoning to find out how the arrangements for your party are going?Tessa: Yes. That’s right. You know, it’s really good of you and Dad to make all the arrangements while I’m away. I really don’t know what I’d do without you!Mum: Oh, there is not that much to do really. In fact, yourfather and I are quite enjoying itTessa: Good. So how are thing going?Mum: Well, let’s see. I’ve already hired the hall, so that’s OK.Tessa: Have you found anyone to do the disco yet?Mum: No, not yet, dear.Tessa: Well, do you think you could do that soon, Mum? It might not be easy. What about the equipment?Mum: Well, we’re having the sound system and records delivered by a local company next week.Tessa: Good. That should be all right. What about the bar?Mum: That’s all under control. We’re having the drinksdelivered next week.Tessa: Great! Have you organised the food? Are you cooking it?Mum: What, for 70 people? You must be joking! No, I think I’ll have it done by the caterers* in the village.Tessa: You’ll do that soon, won’t you? They’ll need a bit of notice.Mum: Mmm. Of course. Now, I had the invitations printed last week. The stationer’s did them, but I haven’t had time to send them yet…Tessa: Oh, Mum, but the party’s in ten days! Send them soon,will you, or we’ll have no guests!Mum: Yes, I’m sorry, dear. Look, I’ll phone everyone too. I’ve been so busy with all the arrangements…Exercise:Done To be done Relevant informationThe placeThe hall has been hired.The discoTo find someone to do it.The equipmentThe sound system and records will be delivered by a local company next week.The barThe drinks will be delivered next week.The foodTo have it done by the caterers in the village.The invitationsThey are printed and will be sent soon.Dialogue 2 Fast Food SurveyA: Excuse me, do you mind answering a few questions?B: No.A: Um firstly, do you ever eat fast food.B: Yes, yes, I do.A: What kind of fast food do you normally eat?B: Oh, er you know, burgers, sandwiches, well sometimes like a pizza or, you know, kebabs*.A: Oh, right. And how often do you eat fast food? Every day, more than once a week or less than once a week?B: Er, well Monday to Friday when I’m working er, yeah every day, um but not…not usually at the weekends.A: And what time of day do you eat fast food?B: Well, at work as I said, you know at lunchtime, um you know, I sort of go out and get a burger or sandwich. Sometimes, you know, if, if I’m going out and I’ve no time to cook in the evenings then I’ll,I’ll send out for a pizza.A: Oh, right. Do you only eat it as a main meal or do you snack between meals?B: No, only as a main meal, you know lunch or, or in the evening.A: And what do you think of fast food? Which statements do you think are true? Um, either“It’s convenient”B: Oh, definitely. I mean, that’s sort of the main reason that I eat it.A: Right. How about “It tastes good”?B: Yeah. Um, I mean, not as good as food like in a, in a good restaurant, but it’s not bad.A: “It’s good for you”?B: No. Sort of eating q uickly and standing up. It’s sort of bad for you. The food itself isn’t very good for you, you know there’s not enough greens, um you know, vegetables or salad.A: Mm. How about “It’s an expensive way of eating”? What do you think of that?B: Oh, yes i t is, er but you’re paying for the convenience, you know the speed of it. Er, well, I certainly think that it’s cheaper than you know cooking your own food.A: Er, and what about lastly “It creates litter.” Do you think that’s true?B: Yes, yes, it does. Only I, I always put mine in a you know in a litter bin, but er unfortunately a lot of people don’t, um but in the packaging there is a lot of paper involved and plastic and sometimes polystyrene*.Exercise A:How often do you eat fast food?Every day Every weekdays At the weekends OccasionallyAt what time of the day do you eat fast food?Breakfast Lunch Dinner Between mealsExercise B:It is convenient and fast, thought it doesn’t taste as good as food in good a restaurant. However it is bad to one’s health because there are not enough vegetables. It is also quite an expensive way of eating, but you’re paying for the convenience. And it creates litter because in the packaging there is a lot of paper, plastic and sometimes polystyrene involved.Part 2 PassagesPassage 1 SnackIt’s 3:15 in the afternoon and half the office just stepped out*for a coffee break. Your eyelids are starting to close and 7-11 is just around the corner. A soda or a bag of chips would be just the thing to perk you up*. So you, too, go out for an afternoon snack.Sometimes we eat simply because everyone else is doing it. Other times we eat when we feel tired, bored or depressed. Snacking for the wrong reasons can lead to overeating and unhealthy diet.Of course, there are times when our bodies really need extra energy. Here are four tips to keep your snacking on the right track.1. Know why you’re eating. Using food to change your feelings can be a dangerous habit. An order of French fries might distract* you from feeling sad for a while, but it’s only a temporary cure. Once the fries are gone, the problem is still there. If you’re feeling lonely, don’t reach into the refrigerator. Call a friend. If you’re feeling stressed, take a 10-minute walk.2. Find a healthy pick-me-up*. If you’re truly hungry, a healthy snack can give you the boost of energy you need. If you like fresh foods, bring a small bag of tomatoes or apples slices to work whit you. To tame your sweet tooth, try a handful of dried fruit. A serving of nuts can be a perfect pick-me-up. They have the right combination of nutrients to give you the energy you need. But wait until you’re hungry to find something to eat. Plan ahead and bring something healthy whit you.3. Eat just one serving. Don’t open up a whole box of crackers and start munching away. Instead, pull out just one serving and put away the box.4. Think of snacks as mini-meals. Eating small, healthy snack can keep you from stuffing yourself at the next meal. Instead of eating three big meals each day, split them into four or five mini-meals. You may actually eat less food overall.Use these tips to help you plan snacks ahead of time. The next time you have a snack attack, tame your hunger the healthy way.Exercise A:a soda or a bag of chips; a piece of cake; a sandwich; a small bag of tomatoes; a small bag of apple slices; a serving of nuts; a glass of low-fat-milk; a serving of crackers, etc.Exercise B:1. A2. D3. B4. C5. D6.B 7.C 8. AExercise C:1. A soda or a bag of chips would be just the thing to perk you up.2. Using food to change your feeling can be a dangerous habit.3. If you’re feeling lonely, don’t reach into the refrigerator. Call a friend.4. A serving of nuts can be a perfect pick- me-up.5. Eating small, healthy snacks can keep you from stuffing yourself at the next meal.Passage 2 Tips to Healthy Eating and Physical ActivityBreakfast fills your “empty tank”to get you going after a long night without food. And it can help you do better in school. Easy-to-prepare breakfasts include cold cereal with fruit and low-fat milk, whole-wheat toast with peanut butter, yogurt *with fruit, whole-grain waffles or even last night’s pizza!It’s easy to fit phy sical activities into your daily routine. Walk, bike or jog to see friends. Take a 10-minute activity break every hour while you read, do homework or watch TV. Climb stairs instead of taking an escalator or elevator. Try to do these things for a total of 30 minutes every day.Snacks are a great way to refuel. Choose snacks from different food groups—a glass of low-fat milk and a few graham* crackers, an apple or celery sticks with peanut butter and raisins*, or some dry cereal. Ifyou eat smart at other meals, cookies, chips and candy are OK for occasional snacking.Vigorous work-outs*—when you’re breathing hard and sweating—help your heart pump better, give you more energy and help you look and feel best. Start with a warm-up that stretches your muscles. Include 20 minutes of aerobic activity, such as running, jogging, or dancing.Follow up with activities that help make you stronger such as push-ups or lifting weights. Then cool down with more stretching and deep breathing.Being active is much more fun with friends or family. Encourage others to join you and plan one special physical activity event, like a bike ride or hiking, with a group each week.You don’t have to give up foods like hamburgers, French fries and ice cream to eat healthy. You just have to be smart about how often and how much of them you eat. Your body needs nutrients like protein*, carbohydrates*, fat and many different vitamins and minerals such as vitamins C and A, iron and calcium* from a variety of foods. Balancing food choices from the Food Guide Pyramid and checking out the Nutrition Facts panel on food labels will help you get all these nutrients.Eat more grains, fruits and vegetables. These foods give you carbohydrates for energy, plus vitamins, minerals and fiber. Besides, they taste good! Try breads such as whole-wheat, bagels* and pita*. Spaghetti and oatmeal are also in the grain group.Bananas, strawberries and melons are some great tasting fruits. Try vegetables raw, on a sandwich or salad.A healthy eating style is like a puzzle with many parts. Each part—or food—is different. Some foods may have more fat, sugar or salt while others may have more vitamins or fiber. There is a place for all these foods. What makes a diet good or bad is how foods fit together. Balancing your choices is important. Fit in a higher-fat food, like pepperoni* pizza, at dinner by choosing lower-fat foods at other meals.And don’t forget about moderation. If two pieces of pizza fill you up, you don’t need a third.Exercise A:People should eat natural foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today. Eat more grain fruits and vegetables.To keep fit, you should do regular physical exercise every day, such as running, jogging, dancing or riding a bike, etc.Exercise B:1. B2. C3. D4. A5. A6.D 7. B 8. DExercise C:1. Breakfast fills your “empty tank” to get you going after a long night without food and it can help you do better in school.2. Walking, biking or jogging is easy to fit into your daily routine.3. You must be smart about how often and how much of them you eat.4. Grains, fruits and vegetables give you carbohydrates for energy, plus vitamins, minerals and fiber.5. To make a good diet you should fit foods together and balance your choices.Part 3 NewsNews Item 1In China the economy expanded at the rate of more than 9% between July and September. The government says China’s total output goods and services was 9.1% higher compared to the same period last year. The strong growth surprises most experts. They have expected expansion to slow earlier this year as the effects of disease SARS curbed* China’s transportation and travel industry. Experts now say they expect the economy to grow by 8.5% for all of this year. China has the worldfastest growing major economy.Exercise A:This news item is about the rapid growth of China’s economy.Exercise B:1. F2. F3. F4. TNews Item 2World Trade Organization ministers are meeting in Montreal*, Canada. The trade ministers have been debating the issue of reducing importtaxes and government aid for certain services, especially farming. Major agricultural exporters like the United States, Australia and Brazil want all import duties cut to an average of 25%. Importers such as the European Unions, Japan and some developing countries say import taxes should be cut by some reasonable percentage based on the country. TheUnited States and European Unions are under pressure to reach a farming agreement that other WTO members can support. The WTO is also divided on the issue of providing necessary drugs to poor countries.Exercise A:This news item is about a world trade organization meeting on reducing taxes and government aid for certain services.Exercise B:The trade ministers have been debating the issue of reducing import taxes and government aid for certain services, especially farming. Major agricultural exporters like the United States, Australia and Brazil want all import duties cut to an average of 25%. Importers such as the European Unions, Japan and some developing countries say import taxes should be cut by some reasonable percentage based on the country.News Item 3United Nation’s secretar y General Kofi Annan has sharplycriticized wealthy countries for their trade policy. His statements were read in a letter to delegates Wednesday at the World Trade Organization meeting in Cankon, Mexico. In the letter Mr Annan urged wealthy countries to lower trade barriers* and to approve new ways to develop the world for all countries. He said the delegates decision could make difference between life and death for millions of people. The meeting brings together representatives from almost 150 countries. The WTO delegates are expected to discuss agricultural, trade and other issues. The delegates hope the talk will lead to a trade agreement by the end of2004. Protestors have demonstrated around the world against the five-day meeting.Exercise A:This news item is about the WTO meeting being held in Mexico.Exercise B:Directions: Listen to the news item again and answer the questions.1. What has Mr Kofi Annan sharply criticized?Mr Kofi Annan has sharply criticized wealthy countries for their trade policy.2. What did Mr Annan urge in the letter to delegates of WTO meeting?In the letter Mr Annan urged wealthy countries to lower trade barriers and to approve new ways to develop the world for all countries.3. What are the WTO delegates expected to discuss?The WTO delegates are expected to discuss agricultural, trade and other issues.4. What do the delegates hope?The delegates hope the talk will lead to a trade agreement by the end of 2004.5. Are there any people who are against the meeting?Yes, protestors have demonstrated around the world against thefive-day meeting.Section Three Oral WorkHow long can anyone live in Germany without a purchase of either a cold stein *of beer or a clock? It didn’t take long for the beer, but my search for just the right clock took a few years.In my search I found a cuckoo clock, an old French Tic-Tac clock, and a gold time piece giving the precise time anywhere in the world. Than came the grandmother clock with the lovely crystal panes*—butstill no chiming grandfather clock.Suddenly I received a phone call from a friend. She knew a man whose mother had to move out of her home and furniture was being sold. She asked whether I was interested in a very old clock.I made the trip into the countryside and found a small German home with lovely flower gardens.The family greeted me as a long-lost friend. We had coffee and apple cakes and then we headed for the attic.I knew the minute I saw him—the old grandfather. Surely he would be expensive! I said, “Yes!”We returned to our coffee and I asked the big question. “How much?”I paid 45 German Marks in cash, one large can of peaches, a poundof coffee, and a box of Lipton Tea.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesAn estimated 135 million people have low vision.40 to 50 million others cannot see at all. Healthy experts warm that the number of blind people will increase sharply as the world population grows, and grows older. They say the number of blind people could almost double by 2020.Yet the World Healthy Organization says that in eight out of ten cases, blindness can be cured or avoided. October the ninth was World Sight Day. A campaign called vision 2020 released* materials to help government and health workers develop national plans to prevent blindness.Vision 2020 is a joint effort of the WHO and International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness. The goal is to end prevention blindness by 2020. The campaign targets four main causes.Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to become cloudy. In most of Africa and Asia, cataracts cause at least half the cases of blindness that can be cured. A simple operation can remove cataracts*.Trachoma* is an infectious disease spread person-to-person and by insects. Trachoma causes about 15 percent of all cases of blindness. Most of the cases are in Africa. The disease can be treated with antibiotic medicines and an operation to correct the damage.The disease known as river blindness is also found mostly in Africa. Flies spread the infection. A yearly treatment of the drug Mectizan can control the disease.Finally, a lack of vitamin A as a result of poor nutrition is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children.Vision 2020 says that every five seconds another person in theworld goes blind. Most blind people live in developing, nations. India has at least nine million. About six million are in China, and seven million in Africa. Officials estimate that the world economy loses about 28,000 million dollars each year from curable blindness.A resolution passed by the World Health Assembly in May urges all governments to develop national plans to prevent blindness.Exercise A:1. The world Sight Day is on October the ninth.2. The World Health Organization says in eight out of ten cases, blindness can be cured or avoided.3. A campaign called Vision 2020 aims at the prevention of blindness.4. The blindness that can be cured or avoided mostly occurs in developing nations.Exercise B:1. Name: CataractsTreatment: A simple operation can remove cataracts.2. Name: TrachomaTreatment: Antibiotic medicines and an operation can correct the damage.3. Name: River blindnessTreatment: The drug Mectizan can control the disease.4. Malnutrition leads to a lack of vitamin A.Treatment: Food and medicine with ample vitamin A can cure the disease.Exercise C:Your opinionDirections: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topics.“Most blind people live in developing nations. About six million are in China.”1. What part of area in China do you think most blind people live?2. What suggestions could you put forward to prevent blindness?Unit 2Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent1. A: My brother is an accountant. He builds bridges. B: But engineers (↘) build bridges (↗).2. A: When are you going to New York? ;B: I' m flying ( ↗ ) at ten o'clock ( ↘).3.A: How long have you been able to speak French?B: I've been learning French (↗) for six years (↘), 4.A: When did you last see Mike?B: Tuesday (↘) was the last time I saw him (↗).5.A: Do I turn it on with this switch?B: Press the red one (↘) not the black one (↗). Exercise:1.a2.b3.b4.a5.a Part2 Listening and Note-takingRalph NaderRalph Nader is a man of few possessions. He owns very little and lives in a small apartment. He doesn't have a car or a TV set. Hedoesn't have many clothes and he doesn't care about money when he makesa lot of money, he gives it away. He doesn't smoke and he works from six in the morning until late at night, seven days a week: he is paying back to America his debt as a citizen.When he went to parties as a young man, people complained that all he talked about was the dangers of cars, and how bad car design caused the deaths of so many people each year. After he graduated from Harvard, he published an article entitled "Unsafe at Any Speed," which was abouta car called Corvair. Later, he made a big attack on the car industryand showed how many deaths in car accidents were because of badly-made cars. He said new laws were needed to make cars safer. In 1966, because of Nader's work, a law was passed to make car safer.After this success, Nader became interested in something very different. This was the quality of meat and the amount of meat that is put into foods like sausages and hamburgers. A year later, in 1967,again because of Nader's work, a law was passed to ensure that products like sausages and hamburgers contained the right amount of meat. In 1968, three more laws were passed because of Nader's efforts. The first was to ensure the safety of gas pipelines -- these are the pipes that take gas across the country from one town to another. The second was to protect people from radiation --that is, the dangerous radiation which may leak from nuclear sources. The third was to ensure the proper standard of poultry -- that is, the chicken and turkey meat.Ralph Nader, now one of the most influential people in the United States, has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women can do to improve the quality of life in their country.Exercise A:1. Ralph Nader is a man of few possessions.2. He is paying back to America his debt as a citizen.3. He said new laws were needed to make cars safer.4. A law was passed to ensure that products like sausages and hamburgers contained the right amount of meat.5. Ralph Nader has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women can do to improve the quality of life in their country.Exercise B:Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1Give Them Time to Get to Know YouFather: Well, whose fault do you think it is, then?Daughter: I don't know.Father: It couldn't be yours?Daughter: What? That I feel lonely because I haven't any friends there?Father: No, that you haven't got any friends.Daughter: But I've told you! They're not very friendly there. They never talk to me! They just leave me alone.Father: But why?Daughter: How should I know?Father: Isn't it possible it's because you're not very friendly towards them?Daughter: What do you mean?Father: Have you talked to them? Have you tried to make conversation?Daughter: I've told you! They're not interested in talking to me.Father: How do you know?Daughter: Because ... for example ... at lunch time, they all sit together in v groups!Father: Yes, but why don't you sit with one of the groups?Daughter: Don't be silly. I couldn't. It would be awful!Facher: why?Daughter: It just would. That's all.Father: How do you know?Daughter: I just do!Father: Well, you'll never make friends if you don't try, will you? I mean, you've got to meet them, too, at least half way.Daughter: It just wouldn't work!Father: You know what I think. I think you're just saying that because you're impatient.Daughter: Impatient? Me?Father: Yes, impatient. You always have been, ever since you were a child. If you don't get what you want immediately, you get depressed and you give up too easily!Daughter: Look, if you came with me some morning, you'd understand ...Father: You've only been there for four weeks. These things take time.Daughter: I know, but I still feel ...Father: Listen, give them time to get to know you ... and give yourself time get to know them, and things will change. Believe me!1.T2.T3.F4.T5.T 6 .TDialogue 2 GesturesNumber 1Woman: You know, a "nod" -- moving your head up and down -- means “yes” in most places, but not everywhere. D id you know that in Greece a nod means "no"?Man: It means "no" in Greece? I'm surprised.Number 2Man: I didn't know "raised eyebrows" means "yes" in Tonga. It means something very different in Peru.Woman: Yeah? What does it mean there?Man: Money. "Raised eyebrows" is a gesture for money in Peru.Woman: Hmm.Number 3Woman: Um, Alberto, you said that "tapping your head" means "I'm thinking" in Argentina.Man: That's right.Woman: You'd better be careful about using that gesture here in Canada. It means someone is crazy.Man: Oh, it means "crazy" in Canada? I didn't know that. I'll be careful.Number 4Man: You know, it's interesting that in the Netherlands, "tapping your elbow" means you can't depend on someone. In Colombia, they use the same gesture, but it has a different meaning.Woman: What does it mean in Colombia?Man: Well, it means someone is cheap. That person doesn't like to spend money.Woman: Oh.。
施心远听力教程2第二单元文本及答案Unit 2Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics--Stress, Intonation and Accent1. Did you want tea without milk?With milk, please. (f)2. See you at ten past one.At five past one. (c)3. Where’s the newspaper?It’s on top of the bookcase . (e)4. Did you want tea with lemon?With milk, please. (b)5. I thought I put the newspaper on the bookcase.It’s on top of the bookcase. (a)6. See you at five to one.At five past one. (d)Part 2 Listening and Note-takingRalph NaderRalph Nader is a man of few possessions. He owns very little and lives in a small apartment. He doesn’t have a car or a TV set. He doesn’t have many clothes and he doesn’t care about money when he makes a lot of money, he gives it away. He doesn’t smoke and he works from six in the morning until late at night, seven days a week: he is paying back to America his debt as a citizen.When he went to parties as a young man, people complained that all he talked about was the dangers of cars, and how bad car design caused the deaths of so many people each year. After he graduated from Harvard, he published an article entitled “Unsafe at Any Speed,”which was about a car called Corvair. Later, he made a big attack on the car industry and showed how many deaths in car accidents were because of badly-made cars. He said new laws were needed to make cars safer. In 1966, because of Nader’s work, a law was passed to make car safer.After this success, Nader became interested in something very different. This was the quality of meat and the amount of meat that is put into foods like sausages and hamburgers. A year later, in 1967, again because of Nader’s work, a law was passed to ensure that products like sausages and hamburgers containedthe right amount of meat. In 1968, three more laws were passed because of Nader’s efforts. The first was to ensure the safety of gas pipelines -- these are the pipes that take gas across the country from one town to another. The second was to protect people from radiation --that is, the dangerous radiation which may leak from nuclear sources. The third was to ensure the proper standard of poultry -- that is, the chicken and turkey meat.Ralph Nader, now one of the most influential people in the United States, has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women can do to improve the quality of life in their country.Exercise A: Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. Ralph Nader is a man of few possessions.2. He is paying back to America his debt as a citizen.3. He said new laws were needed to make cars safer.4. A law was passed to ensure that products like sausages and hamburgers contained the right amount of meat.5. Ralph Nader has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women can do to improve the quality of life in their country.Exercise B: Take notes and complete the following outline.Ralph NaderI. Ralph Nader, a man of few possessionsA. He owns very little and lives in a small apartment.B. He doesn’t have a car or a TV set.C. He doesn’t have many clothes.D. He doesn’t care about money.II. His early efforts to make car saferA. He talked about the dangers of car, and how bad car design caused thedeaths of so many people each year at parties.B. After he graduated from Harvard, he published an article entitled“Unsafe at Any speed”.C. Later, he made a big attack on the car industry and showed how manydeaths in car accidents were because of badly-made cars.D. In 1966, because of Nader’s work, a law was passed to make car safer. III. His interests in something very differentA. The quality of meat and the amount of meat that is put into foods likesausages and hamburgersB. In 1968, three more laws were passed because of Nader’s efforts.a. The first was to ensure the safety of gas pipelines.b. The second was to protect people from radiation.c. The third was to ensure the proper standard of poultry.IV. Ralph Nader, one of the most influential people in the United StatesA. He has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women cando to improve the quality of life in their country.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1 Give Them Time to Get to Know YouFather: Well, whose fault do you think it is, then?Daughter: I don’t know.Father: It couldn’t be yours?Daughter: What? That I feel lonely because I haven’t any friends there? Father: No, that you haven’t got any friends.Daughter: But I’ve told you! They’re not very friendly there. They never talk to me! They just leave me alone.Father: But why?Daughter: How should I know?Father: Isn’t it possible it’s because you’re not very friendly towards them? Daughter: What do you mean?Father: Have you talked to them? Have you tried to make conversation? Daughter: I’ve told you! They’re not interested in talking to me.Father: How do you know?Daughter: Because ... for example ... at lunch time, they all sit together in groups! Father: Yes, but why don’t you sit with one of the groups?Daughter: Don’t be silly. I couldn’t. It would be awful!Father: Why?Daughter: It just would. That’s all.Father: How do you know?Daughter: I just do!Father: Well, you’ll never make friends if you don’t try, will you? I mean, you’ve got to meet them, too, at least half way.Daughter: It just wouldn’t work!Father: You know what I think. I think you’re just saying that because you’re impatient.Daughter: Impatient? Me?Father: Yes, impatient. You always have been, ever since you were a child. If you don’t get what you want immediately, you get depressed and you give up too easily!Daughter: Look, if you came with me some morning, you’d understand... Father: You’ve only been there for four weeks. These things take time. Daughter: I know, but I still feel...Father: Listen, give them time to get to know you ... and give yourself time get to know them, and things will change. Believe me!Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the Followings statements are true or false.1. T2. T3. F4. T5. T6. TDialogue 2 GesturesNumber 1Woman: You know, a “nod” -- moving your head up and down -- means “yes” in most places, but not everywhere. Did you know that in Greece a nod means “no”?Man: It means “no” in Greece? I’m surprised.Number 2Man: I didn’t know “raised eyebrows”means “yes”in Tonga. It means something very different in Peru.Woman: Yeah? What does it mean there?Man: Money. “Raised eyebrows” is a gesture for money in Peru.Woman: Hmm.Number 3Woman: Um, Alberto, you said that “tapping your head” means “I’m thinking”in Argentina.Man: That’s right.Woman: You’d better be careful about using that gesture here in Canada. It means someone is crazy.Man: Oh, it means “crazy” in Canada? I didn’t know that. I’ll be careful. Number 4Man: You know, it’s interesting that in the Netherlands, “tapping your elbow”means you can’t depend on someone. In Colombia, they use the same gesture, but it has a different meaning.Woman: What does it mean in Colombia?Man: Well, it means someone is cheap. That person doesn’t like to spend money. Woman: Oh.Number 5Woman: Here’s an interesting one. You know how “circling your head” means that a person’s crazy?Man: Yeah.Woman: Guess what it means in the Netherlands.Man: The Netherlands? I have no idea.Woman: It means someone is calling on the telephone. You know, like dialing a phone.Man: That’s interesting.Number 6Man: So “flicking your chin” means “go away” in Italy, right?Woman: Yes.Man: Guess what it means in Brazil.Woman: In Brazil? I don’t know.Man: That’s right.Woman: Huh?Man: In Brazil, “flicking your chin” means “I don’t know.”Woman: “I don’t know” is the meaning?Man: Right.Number 7Woman: Well, everything is “thumbs up” for my trip to Nigeria. I’ve never been to Africa before. I’m really looking forward to it.Man: Ah, you’d better be careful with that expression in Nigeria.Woman: Huh?Man: “Thumbs up.” In Nigeria, it means ... um ... well, it has a very bad meaning. Don’t use that gesture. It will get you into a lot of trouble.Woman: Oh, thanks for telling me.Number 8Man: You said “tossing your head” means “come here” for Germans?Woman: That’s right. But there axe some other meanings. In India, it means “yes.” But it has the opposite meaning in Italy. In Italy it means "no."Man: Hmm, “yes” in India, “no” in Italy. Isn’t it interesting how the same thing can have such different meanings?Woman: It sure is.Exercise: Listen to some short conversations and match each gesture and meaning with the country. There is one example given in the first line of the following chart.Gesture Meaning CountryNod (Yes) Most places Nod (No) Argentina Raised eyebrows (Yes) Brazil Raised eyebrows (For money) Canada Tapping your head (I’m thinking)Colombia Tapping your head (Crazy) Germany Tapping your elbow (Can’t depend onGreecesomeone)India Tapping your elbow (That persondoesn’t like to spendmoney)ItalyCircling your head (Someone is callingon the telephone)Flicking your chin (Go away) Netherlands Flicking your chin (I don’t know)NigeriaPeru Thumbs up (It has very badmeaning)Tossing your head (Come here) Tonga Tossing your head (Yes)Tossing your head (No)Part 2 PassageWhy Shouldn’t You Go by First Impressions?One shouldn’t always go by* first impressions. In my hometown there lived a giant of a man with huge hands and a manner so fierce and unfriendly that he always sat alone in any public place. Yet to those who knew him, he was a kindand generous friend. In the same way one should never assume* that somebody who looks inoffensive is always going to behave in an inoffensive manner.Recently my young brother, who works for a famous American airline, was reminded of this truth. The plane was overbooked and for once all the passengers turned up. So my brother had the difficult task of choosing three passengers and informing them that they couldn’t travel on the flight in question*.Knowing that the young are generally impatient and often aggressive, my brother chose three elderly travellers, an English couple and a little old American lady.The English couple accepted the situation and went to have a drink while waiting for the next flight. Then my brother approached the American lady, whose name was Mrs. Pepper, with a sad smile on his face, “Mrs. Pepper? May I have a few words? I’m afraid we have a problem.”“A problem? What de you mean, we have a problem, young man?”“Would you like to come into the office?” asked my brother, sensing that this was not going to be easy.“Oh, very well, but only for a moment. I have a plane to catch, you know.”“Er ...yes.” My brother explained the position.The little lady looked at him with steely, blue eyes. “Young man,” she said. “I don’t believe you are aware that you are talking to Mrs. Katherine Pepper, widow of General Arnold Pepper, of the United States Army Air Force and I’d like to inform you, further, that the President of your airline was a personal friend of the General’s. In the circumstances I’d advise you to sort this out* right away, otherwise you’re going to be in a lot of trouble. Do I make myself clear?”A: Pre-listening questionWhy shouldn’t you go by first impression?Appearances are often deceptive. In this passage, the two examples tell us the reason why we shouldn’t go by first impression.B: Choose the best answer.1. C2. C3. A4. B5. C6. D7. A8. BC: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1. What did people who knew the giant man think of him?To those who knew him, he was a kind and generous friend.2. What was the difficult task the narrator’s brother had recently?Recently the narrator’s brother, who works for a famous American airline, remembered the truth that the plane was overbooked and for once all the passengers turned up. So he had the difficult task of choosing three passengers and informing them that they couldn’t travel on the flight in question.3. What do we know about the relationship between Mrs. Pepper and the airline? They had a very close relationship.4. What would the narrator’s brother probably do next time?Probably he would never trust his first impressions again.Part 3 NewsNews Item 1The simultaneous* bombings of three underground trains and a double-decker bus in London three years ago are imprinted* on the minds of many people in Britain.But our memories of the attacks are unreliable, according to a study from Portsmouth University. 40% of British students questioned about the events remembered seeing CCTV footage* of the bus bomb -- footage which never existed. A further 28% claimed to have seen a non-existent computerized reconstruction.Some even recalled specific details of the attacks, which none of them witnessed.“Memories are not like videotape you can rewind and replay for perfect recall,”said lead researcher James Ost. “Because of this, they are not reliable enough to form the basis of legal decisions.”A: Listen and summarize the news item.This news item is about the false memories that British people have about the attacks happened in London three years ago.B: Complete the following passage.The simultaneous bombings of three underground trains and a double-decker bus in London some years ago are well remembered by many people in Britain.But our memories of the attacks cannot be trusted, according to a study from Portsmouth University. When questioned about the events 40% of British students remembered seeing CCTV(闭路监控) footage (片段) of the bus bomb——footage which never existed. A further 28% claimed to have seen anon-existent computerized reconstruction. Some even recalled specific details of the attack, which none of them witnessed. James Ost, the lead researcher, therefore concluded that memories are not reliable enough to form the basis of legal decisions."News Item 2China begins three days of mourning for earthquake victims in Sichuan province, with a three-minute silence and half-mast flags.For three minutes a collective wail * was heard across the town of Beichuan as raid sirens* and car horns sounded the exact time when the earthquake hit China one week ago. Workers here laid wreaths* outside the town's school. At 2:28 in the afternoon, last Monday, it was engulfed* in a landslide*, hundreds of children died.To the side of the mourners, bodies lay waiting to be buried. Rescue work has resumed and two women were found alive here this morning, but these glimmer of hope are increasingly rare. The aftershocks* continue.A: Listen and summarize the news item.This news item is about the mourning for earthquake victims in Sichuan, China.B: Listen again and answer the questions.1. How did the Chinese people mourn the earthquake victims?The Chinese mourning for earthquake victims with a three-minute silence and half-mast flags.2. When did that strong earthquake occur?At 2: 28 in the afternoon, last Monday.3. How many children were killed in a landslide?Hundreds of children were killed in a landslide.4. What happened to the rescue work as time went by?The hope of finding more people alive were increasingly rare.5. Did the quake stop completely one week after the strong quake happened? No, aftershocks continue.News item 3Indonesia is expected to announce stronger security measures Wednesday after a deadly bombing in Jakarta. At least 13 people were killed when a car bomb exploded near a hotel. 149 people were injured. The hotel is operated by aUnited States company. The governor of Jakarta said it was very likely that the bomber was killed in the attack. Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri visited the damaged hotel. Buildings nearby also were damaged. The explosion comes 2 days before an Indonesian court decides the first case connected to the deadly bombings last year in Bali*. Those attacks killed 202 people.Exercise A:This news item is about the 2nd serious bombing that took place in Indonesia within 2 years.Exercise B:F 1. Indonesia is going to reduce security measures Wednesday.T 2. A fatal car bombing happened in Jakarta.F 3. At least 30 people were killed and 148 people were injured.F 4. The damaged hotel is run by a European country.T 5. Two days later an Indonesian court would rule the former bombing case in Bali.T 6. More than 200 people were killed in the attacks of Bali Island.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingAs Susan and her daughter Jenny walked around the park they were hound ed by beggars. The girl was shocked when she saw a skeletal young beggar woman wrapped in a gray shawl*. Her eyes were sunken* and she held out a bony hand like she was receiving communion. As she did, her shawl fell away revealing a young child standing under it. Jenny just started throwing her money into that bony hand. Susan grabbed her before she could start taking off her jewelry, and the mother decided to have a talk with her about the beggars when they got back to the hotel.They boarded the return bus. They were stopped at a red light when Jenny stood straight up and screamed, “Mother!” Susan went to her window and she pointed to a taxi next to the bus. There, in air conditioned comfort, sat the beggar woman with her child next to her, eating an ice cream cone.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPassage 1College Costs in the U.S.A new report says the cost of studies at public colleges in the United States increased 14 percent this year. This is the biggest increase in tuition* in 30 years. But the study also found that the average student pays a lot less than the published costs of a college education, because of grants*. And it points out that American students received a record amount of financial aid last year.Students do not have to repay grants, unlike financial aid in the form of loans. About half of American college students receive grants. This means that education costs differ from student to student.The report is from the College Board. This is a non-profit membership group of schools and other educational organizations. One of its best-known jobs is to administer* college entrance tests.The College Board says tuition at two-year public colleges rose at the same rate as four-year schools.The College Board says the increases were mainly caused by cuts in state spending on education. But a congressman says colleges have increased their prices in both good and bad economic times. John Baehner of Ohio is chairman of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce. He says colleges do not want to talk about their decisions to spend money to build things like rock-climbing walls.The College Board collected information from 4,000colleges and universities. It says the average total charge for students who live at a public college in their state is 10,600dollars. While tuition rose 14percent this year, housing and other costs increased at a lower rate.At a private college, total charges are almost 27,000dollars. That is an increase of about six percent over last year.David Ward is president of the American Council on Education. His group represents colleges and universities. Mister Ward called the College Board findings bad news. But he says percentage increases in tuition do not tell the whole story. He says there was good news about grants and other student aid.The College Board says financial aid for the last school year reached 105,000 million dollars. That amount was up sharply from the year before.Exercise A:1. Because of grants, the average student pays a lot less than the published costs of a college education.2. Two forms of financial aid for the students are grants and loans.3. When students receive loans, they have to repay them later.4. The increases in tuition are mainly caused by cuts in state spending on education.5. The total charge for the students who live at a college includes tuition, housing and other costs.Exercise B:l. This year the cost of studies at public colleges in the United States increased 14 percent.2. The average total charge for students who live at a public college in their state is 10,600 dollars. While at a private college, total charges are almost 27,000 dollars.3. The above information is collected from 4,000 colleges and universities.4. It is said that this year’s increase in the cost of studies is the biggest one in 30 years.5. American students received a record amount of financial aid last year, which reached 105,000 million dollars.Passage 2My GrandfatherI opened the door. My Grandfather was in the front room. He was wearing the ceremonial beaded deerskin shirt which had belonged to his grandfather. “Welcome back,” he said.I embraced my parents warmly, letting go only when I saw my cousin Roger sprawled on the couch. His eyes were red and swollen. He’d lost weight. His feet were an unsightly mass of blood and blisters, and he was moaning: “I made it, see. I made it. I’m a warrior.”My grandfather looked at me strangely. I was clean, obviously well-fed, and radiantly healthy. My parents got the message. My uncle and aunt gazed at me with hostility.Finally my grandfather asked, “What did you eat to keep you so well?”I sucked in my breath and blurted* out the truth: “Hamburgers and milk shakes.”“Hamburgers!” my grandfather growled*.“Milk shakes!” Roger moaned.“You didn’t say we had to eat grasshoppers,” I said sheepishly.“Tell us all about your Ta-Na-E-Ka,” my grandfather commanded.I told them everything, from borrowing the five dollars, to Ernie’s kindness, to observing the beaver.“That’s not what I trained you for,” my grandfather said sadly.I stood up. “Grandfather, I learned that Ta-Na-E-Ka is important. I didn’t think so during training. I was scared stiff of it. I handled it my way. And I learned I had nothing to be afraid of. There’s no reaso n in 1947 to eat grasshoppers when you can eat a hamburger.”I was inwardly shocked at my own audacity*. “Grandfather, I’ll bet you never ate one of those rotten berries yourself.”Grandfather laughed!“Those berries -- they are terrible,” Grandfather admitted. “I could never swallow them. I found a dead deer on the first day of my Ta-Na-E-Ka -- shot by a soldier, probably -- and he kept my belly full for the entire period of the test!”My grandfather called me to Roger. “You should have done what you r cousin did. But I think you are more alert to what is happening to our people today than we are. I think you would have passed the test under any circumstances, in any time. Somehow, you know how to exist in a world that wasn’t made for Indians. I don’t think you’re going to have any trouble surviving.”A: Pre-listening questionWhat is Ta-Na-E-Ka? Could you tell us something about it?B: Choose the best answer.1. A2. B3. D4. C5. D6. B7. B8. DC: Listen and answer the questions.1. Where was her grandfather when the writer came back to the house?Her grandfather was in the front room.2. How was her cousin Roger when she met him there?He sprawled on the couch with red and swollen eyes. He lost weight, his feet being an unsightly mass of blood blisters. He was moaning.3. How was the writer when she had an experience of Ta-Na-E-Ka?She was clean, obviously well-fed, and radiantly healthy.4. How did her grandfather survive his Ta-Na-E-Ka?At that time, he found a dead deer on the first day of my Ta-Na-E-Ka. This deer might have been shot by a soldier, and it kept her grandfather’s belly fullfor the entire period of the test.5. What was her grandfather’s comment on her Ta-Na-E-Ka?The writer’s grandfather told her that she should have done what her cousin did. But he thought that she was more alert to what was happening to the people today than they were. He thought she would have passed the test under any circumstances, in any time. Somehow, she knew how to exist in a world that wasn’t made for Indians. He didn’t think she was going to have any trouble surviving.。
