托福阅读细节题

托福阅读题型详解：分类与解题技巧2023年，随着全球化的进一步发展和跨境教育的日益普及，托福考试已成为了全球范围内最具权威性的语言考试之一。

而在托福考试中，阅读部分一直是考生相对难以突破的一道坎。

本文旨在对托福阅读题型进行分类与解题技巧的详细讲解，帮助考生更好地应对阅读考试。

一、托福阅读题型分类在托福阅读部分，一般分为三大类：细节题、推理题和总结题，下面具体介绍一下三种题型的特点和解题技巧：1.细节题细节题是指以文章中的细节为媒介提出的问题。

所谓细节，便是文章中一些具体的，表层的，量化的或可操作的信息。

细节题主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解程度和记忆力。

具体而言，托福阅读部分的细节题主要有以下类型：A. 主旨细节题主旨细节题是指要求你根据文章中的某一部分，找到该部分的主旨或大意的题目。

解题技巧和句子理解题类似，要求考生准确地理解文章中的每个词汇及其所连接的关系，深入理解文章的主旨和重点。

B. 词汇细节题一般而言，该类细节题目会出现在文章的上下文中，要求考生根据所在的段落，结合上下文的意思和语境，准确理解生词的含义。

有时候，在文章里面出现一些同义替换的搭配，考生必须从文章上下文中寻找到有关铺垫，正确把握词义。

C. 时间细节题时间细节题要求考生根据文章的时间线索，回答来自文章的某一部分的问题。

在答题过程中，重点关注时间标记或者表述来帮助理解答案。

2.推理题推理题一般通过文章材料与题目之间的关系，推断出答案。

与细节题相比，推理题考查考生的逻辑思维能力和推理能力。

具体而言，托福阅读部分的推理题主要有以下类型：A. 推断态度题在此类题目中，通常会给出某人的语境或情况，要求考生根据自己理解的情况或背景，推断出这个人的态度。

此时需要考生仔细分析人物在文章中所扮演的角色，关注思想，性格，语气等方面的具体表现，以此推断出要求的妇女内心态度。

B. 推断论据题推断论据题是在文章中给出的一些事实、细节或例子，要求考生据此推断出文章作出的结论。

1.agency代理，中介，作用，所以答案是force，选C。

原句说由于腐食动物和细菌的侵袭，化学侵蚀和其他地质什么的作用，使得保存的难度非常大。

combination组合明显不靠谱，problem是个负向词，不靠谱，之前并列的都不是变化，change不对。

2.修辞目的题，修辞点所在句是一个例子，所以往前看，前一句说fossil遭破坏的方式和fossil一样多，后面就跟了很多破坏的方式，所以答案是A，阐释为什么如此多破坏之下还有这么多化石存在。

往后看也可以，下一句说如果化石有骨架的话被保留的机会会大增，也就是一直都在说化石存留下来的机会，所以A是正确答案。

3.terrestrial陆地的，陆生的，所以正确答案是A。

原文说尽管大部分的化石都是在海洋中找到的，但也有一些是在河湖中的什么沉积物当中找到的，既然前文都说了大部分是在海洋里找到的，肯定后面会说是在陆地上找到的，所以答案是terrestrial，B/C/D都不靠谱。

4.原句的结构是并列加条件，所以正确答案是D。

A的must be empty原文没说；B和C的关系都错误；D说的是shell会被剩下，如果足够耐腐蚀，就能保存一段时间。

5.修辞目的题，先看例子所在句子，说很多海洋生物的骨骼包含calcite，没有答案，往前看，前一句说一亿年前的沉积物中能发现骨骼不变的海生无脊椎动物，与A靠谱，但A本身不是一个观点，所以A不对；B和D完全没说，不对；强调的中心在例子所在句的下一句，说arogonite的晶体形状不同，相对不那么稳定，会变成更稳定的形式，所以答案是C，想稳定的话必须再变。

6.enhance提升，提高，所以正确答案是D的increase。

原文说很多化学过程都能改变壳体的结构并且怎么样它们作为化石保留下来的机会，combine明显不靠谱；limit和control意思相近，而且这两个词与increase意思相反，所以其他三个都不对。

7.以permineralization做关键词定位至最后一句。

托福阅读最后一题技巧讲解大全（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

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Desert Formation1.核心词汇总结occupy 占据approximately 大约previously 以前desertification 沙漠化estimate 估计vegetation 植被typically 作为特色地substantial 大量的impact 影响，效果，撞击particle 颗粒seal 密封penetration 渗透absorption 吸收consequently 因此，结果erosion 侵蚀diminish 减弱deterioration 恶化primarily 主要地semiarid 半干旱的delicate 脆弱的devoid 缺乏的salinization 盐碱化evaporation 蒸发millennia 千年rigorously 严格地2.长难句总结(1)The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.(2)Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation typically results in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water.(3)The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.(4)During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins, though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity, and desertification results.(5)The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil.P1：introductionThe deserts, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earth's land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earth's land surface is threatened by this process.P2：Cause-1 erosion-windDesertification is accomplished primarily through the loss of stabilizing naturalIn other cases, the finer particles may be removed, while the sand-sized particles are accumulated to form mobile hills or ridges of sand.P3：Cause-1 erosion-watertiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly reduced; consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.P4：Cause-2 climate-global warmingIn some regions, the increase in desert areas is occurring largely as the result of a trend toward drier climatic conditions. Continued gradual global warming hasP5：Cause-3 peopleThere is little doubt, however, that desertification in most areas results primarily from human activities rather than natural processes. The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures. Expanding populations are subjecting the land to increasing pressures to provide them with food and fuel. In wet periods, the land may be able to respond to these stresses. During the dry periods that areP6：Cause-3 people- overcultivationFour specific activities have been identified as major contributors to the desertification processes: overcultivation, overgrazing, firewood gathering, and overirrigation. The cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown. These regions are especially likely to have periods of severe dryness, so that crop failures are common. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failuresP7：Cause-3 people- overgrazingThe raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil(9-D). This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion.P8：Cause-3 people- firewood gatheringFirewood is the chief fuel used for cooking and heating in many countries. The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs. The increasing use of dried animal waste as a substitute fuel has also hurt the soil because this valuable soil conditioner and source of plant nutrients is no longer being returned to the land.P9：Cause-3 people- overirrigationThe final major human cause of desertification is soil salinization resulting from overirrigation. Excess water from irrigation sinks down into the water table. If noP10：conclusionThe extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form. In areas where considerable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface.Paragraph 1: The deserts, which already occupy(占据) approximately(大约)a fourth of the Earth's land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace(以惊人的速度). The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where theydid not previously(以前) exist is called desertification(沙漠化). It has been that an additional one-fourth of the Earth's land surface is1. The word “threatened 威胁” in the passage is closest in meaning to 词汇题○ restricted 限制○ endangered danger 危险enlarge○ prevented 阻止○ rejected 拒绝Paragraph 3: Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation(植被) typically(作为特色地) results in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial(大量的) quantities of water. The impact(影响，效果) of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles(颗粒) into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing(密封) them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration(渗透). Water absorption(吸收) is greatly reduced; consequently(因此，结果) runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion(侵蚀) rates. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished(减弱的) ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration(恶化) is established.2. According to paragraph 3, the loss of natural vegetation has which of the following consequences for soil? 细节题○ Increased stony content○ Reduced water absorption○ Increased numbers of spaces in the soil○ Reduced water runoffParagraph 5: There is little doubt, however, that desertification in most areas results primarily(主要地) from human activities rather thansemiarid(半干旱的) lands bordering the deserts exist in aecological balance and are limited in their potential toenvironmental pressures. Expanding populations are subjecting the land to increasing pressures to provide them with food and fuel. In wet periods, the land may be able to respond to these stresses. During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins, though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of (超过) its diminished capacity, and desertification results.3. The word “delicate” in the passage is closest in meaning to 词汇题○ fragile○ predictable○ complex○ valuable4. According to paragraph 5, in dry periods, border areas have difficulty 细节题○ adjusting to stresses created by settlement○ retaining their fertility after desertification○ providing water for irrigating crops○ attracting populations in search of food and fuelParagraph 6: Four specific activities have been identified as major contributors to the desertification processes: overcultivation, overgrazing, firewood gathering, and overirrigation. The cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown. These regions are especially likely to have periods of severe dryness, so that crop failures are common. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the natural vegetation,crop failures) of a plant cover and susceptible(易受影响的) to wind and water erosion.5. The word “progressively” in the passage is closest in meaning to 词汇题○ openly○ impressively○ objectively○ increasingly6.According to paragraph 6, which of the following is often associated with raising crops?细节题○ Lack of proper irrigation techniques○ Failure to plant crops suited to the particular area○ Removal of the original vegetation○ Excessive use of dried animal waste7. The phrase “devoid of” in the passage is closest in meaning to 词汇题○ consisting of○ hidden by○ except for○ lacking inParagraph 9: The final major human cause of desertification is soil salinization(盐碱化) resulting from overirrigation. Excess water from irrigation sinks down into the water table. If no drainage system exists, the water table rises, bringing dissolved salts to the surface. The water evaporates (蒸发) and the salts are left behind, creating a white crustal layer that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil.8. According to paragraph 9, the ground’s absorption of excess wate r is a factor in desertification because it can 细节题○ interfere with the irrigation of land○ limit the evaporation of water○ require more absorption of air by the soil○ bring salts to the surface9.All of the following are mentioned in the passage as contributing to desertification EXCEPT选非题○ soil erosion○ global warming○ insufficient irrigation○ the raising of livestockParagraph 10: The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia(千年) will enable new soil to form. In areas where considerable soil still remains, though, a rigorously(严格地) enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface.10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 句子简化题○ Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○ Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○ The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○ Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.11. It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely believes which of the following about the future of desertification? 推断题○ Governments will act quickly to control further desertification.○ The factors influencing desertification occur in cycles and will change in the future. ○ Desertification will continue to increase.○ Desertification will soon occur in all areas of the world.Paragraph 7: ■The raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. ■The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil. ■This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion. ■12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing.Where would the sentence best fit? 句子插入题13.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. 归纳总结题P1-Many factors have contributed to the great increase in desertification in recent decades.●●●Answer Choices○ Growing human populations and the agricultural demands that come with such growth have upset the ecological balance in some areas and led to the spread of deserts.○ As periods of severe dryness have become more common, failures of a number of different crops have increased.○ Excessive numbers of cattle and the need for firewood for fuel have reduced grasses and trees, leaving the land unprotected and vulnerable.○ Extensive irrigation with poor drainage brings salt to the surface of the soil, a process that reduces water and air absorption.○ Animal dung enriches the soil by providing nutrients for plant growth.○ Grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation in semiarid lands. Key: B B A A D C D D C A C B ACD。

老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE12为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成绩，下面小编给大家带来老托福阅读真题及答案:passage 12，希望大家喜欢!老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 12Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets. Of all the birds on these cliffs, the black-legged kittiwake gull is the best suited for nesting on narrow ledges. Although its nesting habits are similar to those of gulls that nest on flat ground, there are a number of important differences related to the cliff-nesting habit.The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. This immunity has been followed by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do ground-nesting gulls. A colony of Bonaparte's gulls responds to the appearance of a predatory herring gull by flying up as a group with a clamor of alarm calls, followed by concerted mobbing, but kittiwakes simply ignore herring gulls, since they pose little threat to nests on cliffs. Neither do kittiwakes attempt to conceal their nest. Most gulls keep the nest area clear of droppings, and remove empty eggshells after the chicks have hatched, so that the location of the nest is not given away. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very conspicuous.On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome them. The female kittiwake sits when mating, whereas other gulls stand, so the pair will not overbalance and fall off the ledge. The nest is a deep cup, made of mud or seaweed, to hold the eggs safely, compared with the shallow scrape of other gulls, and the chicks are remarkably immobile until fully grown. They do not run from their nests when approached, and if they should come near to the cliff edge, they instinctively turn back.1. What aspect of the kittiwake gull does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Its defensive behavior(B) It interactions with other gull species(C) Its nesting habits(D) Its physical difference from other gull species2. The word "rear" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) visit(B) watch(C) reverse(D) raise3. The word "scale" in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) climb(B) avoid(C) approach(D) measure4. The word "immunity" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) distance(B) transition(C) protection(D) reminder5. Why is it difficult for ravens to steal the kittiwakes' eggs?(A) The kittiwakes can see the ravens approaching the nest.(B) The ravens cannot land on the narrow ledges where kittiwakes nest.(C) The kittiwakes' eggs are too big for the ravens to carry.(D) The female kittiwakes rarely leave the nest.6. The author mentions that eggshells litter around the nests of kittiwakes in order to(A) demonstrate that kittiwakes are not concerned about predators(B) prove how busy kittiwakes are in caring for their offspring(C) show a similarity to other types of gulls(D) illustrate kittiwakes' lack of concern for their chicks7. According to the passage , it can be inferred that which of the following birds conceal their nest?(A) Bonaparte's gulls(B) Atlantic puffins(C) Kittiwake gulls(D) Northern gannets8. The word "it" in line 17 refers to(A) location(B) edge(C) nest(D) practice9. The word "conspicuous" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) disordered(B) suspicious(C) noticeable(D) appealing10. The phrase "On the other hand" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) therefore(B) however(C) for example(D) by no means正确答案： CDACB AACCB如何提高托福阅读理解能力?一、学会概括主旨大意任何一篇文章都有一个主题思想。

2020年12月12日托福阅读真题12月12日托福阅读第一篇主要内容：讲learning standard test set，就是如何测试不同种类动物的intelligence。

不同物种的智商不一样。

人们很想知道动物的智商和人类有什么不同，遇事通过动物学习水平来检测。

前三段都是讲的这个test是怎么操作的。

最先举的例子好像是猴子和什么，做的对比实验。

第一次让它从三角形和长方形里选，选三角形就给奖励，选正方形就不给;第二次从圆形和多边形里选，依旧是选圆形给奖励，选择多边形不给。

后面持续变化通过大量实验来看这种动物的improvements，就比如这种动物在实行第几十次测试时准确率增加了多少。

一种猴子经过了三十次测试准确率就达到百分之九十了，然后这个测试的结果表明智商高的动物大脑也大。

于是大家都觉得能够参考。

后面三段都在反驳这个方法不可取。

又举了一个澳大利亚的mouse like的动物的例子，同样做类似上面的实验，第一次区分ab第二次区分黑白。

这种动物大脑很小但是测试结果很高，是因为他们生活在wide open areas，很容易被捕食者发现，他们要避免天地还要抓很敏捷的昆虫做实物，所以这方面水平很强。

然后这里有个句子简化题，大意是说动物的process different，不能说明学习水平，也不能用之前的实验来测试。

然后还说了海豚虽然做这个实验成绩很低，但是如果把visual的图形换成auditory的声音就会很好，所欲这个实验不可取是因为首先实验produce中很小的difference都会造成result的很大不同，而且这些difference都是不可避免的。

其次，对某些动物不适用。

12月12日托福阅读第二篇主要内容：中世纪欧洲政府的变革。

宗教变得影响力越来越小，政府的管辖范围越来越大。

法国葡萄牙等一些国家创造了nation这个定义。

国家边界变得更清晰了。

荷兰和英国建立了parliament，具有立法权。

小托福阅读考查题型解读（6大题型）近年来，家长送孩子出国的越来越火热，小托福考试的关注度很高了。

那么，小托福阅读考查题型有哪几种?我们在备考时候需要了解哪些套路呢?一起阅读下文吧!小托福阅读考试题型一共分为6种，分别是主旨题(Main idea)、目的题(Purpose)、推断题(Inference)、指代题(Reference)、词义理解题(Word Meaning)、细节题(Detail)。

接下来，可乐留学小编分别来给大家介绍：➀主旨题这种题型主要考察考生对文章的观点及重要信息的理解能力!这种题型有两种问法：总结 main topic(或main idea)和归纳headline(或title)主旨题型问法有四种：What is the main topic of the article?What is the passage mainlu about/mostly about?Which would be the most sutitable/appropriate headline for the article?Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?答题技巧：a、考生在做题时，首先应排除那些包含文中并未提及的信息和细节的选项，选出最能够概括文章主要观点的选项。

b、正确的选项会综合整篇文章的主要观点，所以任何细节的选项都不能选。

同时，由于正确答案概括了文章每个部分的意义，所以不会与文中的任何一句话完全相同。

c、考生在做此类试题时，首先要理清整篇文章中的结构和框架，了解作者是如何循序渐进地叙述故事并传达信息的。

d、考生在做题的时候要抓住每一段的主旨句和主要思想、这对解答此类问题至关重要。

➁目的题此类考题需要考生理解作者写这篇文章或文中某一个部分的目的。

这类考题主要包括两种：一、作者写整篇文章的目的;二、作者在文中提到某句话或某个观点的目的或作用。

1. According to paragraph 1, what happens to the light when a specimen is being viewed with a light microscope?A. The light continues unchanged directly into the viewer's eye or onto film.B. A glass lens bends the light to form a magnified image of the specimen.C. The light is projected onto photographic film to produce a blurred image.D. The intensity of the light increases a thousand times.Paragraph 1 is marked with ►答案：B 选项正确解析：本题根据 the light，specimen 和a light microscope 定位到第一段这几句：The first microscopes were light microscopes, which work by passing visible light through a specimen. Glass lenses in the microscope bend the light to magnify the image of the specimen and project the image into the viewer's eye or onto photographic film. 第二句讲了光学显微镜的原理，就是折射光以放大标本的图像，并且把图像投射到观察者的眼睛里或者投射到胶卷上。

选项 B 符合这句话的前半句，正确。

托福阅读细节题题型解析细节题又叫事实信息题，考察的是学生对阅读文章中明确指出的基本信息的理解，一般在一篇文章中考察3至6题。

从题目所占的比例来看，如果同学们想在阅读部分拿高分，那么一定要掌握细节题的解题方法和技巧。

托福阅读细节题题型解析细节题可以说是能屈能伸的一种题型，它要容易，可以很容易，它要想难，可以非常难。

很多人复习到后期会发现，错的最多的竟然这个细节题，所以它是非常令人纠结的一种题型。

细节题和词汇题加起来可以构成整个托福阅读考试题目的半壁江山，是我们取得托福阅读高分的基础。

细节题通常不要求我们去理解整篇文章的主旨大意，而是具体的信息，包括文中的一些事实，细节，定义及其它作者所呈现的信息。

因此，同学们在做细节题时，不需要对整篇文章逐字逐句理解，只需要对文中与题目相关的一句或者几句话进行理解便可。

这一点也可以从细节题的题目问法中看出。

细节题通常问到：According to paragraph X, which of the following is true about Y?The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?According to paragraph X, Y did Z because。

等。

那么我们怎么知道具体的一个细节题考的是段落中的哪几句话呢?此时，我们就需要根据题目中的关键词帮助我们定位到原文相关的句子。

关键词指的是那些无法被改写或者很难被改写的词和短语，这样，我们就能快速找到原文的相应句子。

所以，题目中的关键词通常是在段落中出现次数较少、较显眼和特殊的词，包括专有名词、大写、斜体、带引号的词和数字等。

例如tpo 1-1-2 中问到：where is the lower timberline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to be found? 显然，该题中的关键词即为lower timberline，我们要寻找的信息是lower timberline出现在什么地方。

托福阅读答案1.以commensalism做关键词定位至第二句，说有三种类型，第一种和第三种很重要，根据对比，也就是说第二种commensalism不重要，所以答案是C。

2.derive起源于，所以正确答案是obtain。

原文说P是一种捕食与被捕食的关系，寄生者从寄主那怎么食物，获得食物显然是最靠谱的，控制食物和消化食物都不靠谱，发现食物表现的是一个从没有到有的过程，而那些食物本来就是存在的，所以不是被发现。

3.以natural selection做关键词定位至第四句，说自然选择会选择那些最容易寻找寄主的寄生者，同时也会选择寄主的防御能力，也就是说不管是寄生者还是寄主都被最大程度保留下来，所以答案是B。

A的比较，C的toxic material和isolate，还有D的大小均没有相关信息。

4.devastate毁灭，所以destroy正确。

原句的前一句说一种病毒被引入以控制兔子的种群数量，接着说由于蚊子的携带导致病毒的扩张，使得兔子的种群怎么了，既然前面都说了引入这种病毒是为了使兔子减少，答案当然是destroy。

strengthen意思反了；infection传染只是在说一个过程，没说控制兔子种群数量的结果，influence 程度太浅，而且也没说怎么影响。

5.问题问的是兔子实验得出什么结论，先找到兔子实验，发现兔子实验就是人类干预自然选择的一个例子，但千万不要过于详细看实验的内容，因为问的是结论，所以关注首尾句，第一句说可以预见自然选择对于寄生关系的影响；最后一句说自然选择使寄生关系稳定，所以答案是A人类可以改变寄生关系；原文没有将引入生物的优缺点比较，B错；也没有讲作者对引进生物的态度，C错；D也没说。

6.EXCEPT题，排除法，A的most toxic viruses做关键词定位至倒数第二句的deadliest strains of the virus，所以A正确，不选；B的surviving rabbits做关键词定位至倒数第四句，正确，不选；C的mosquito population 做关键词定位至第五句，跟选项说的完全无关，所以C错，选；D的genetic make-up做关键词定位至倒数第三句，所以D正确，不选。

托福阅读答案1.location位置，所以正确答案是D的place。

这题送分的，千万别想难了选sake就完蛋了，location完全没有sake的意思。

2.以时间做关键词定位至第一句，说一个meteor碎成了很多碎片落在了长多少宽多少的区域内。

A错，不是那个meteor ten miles wide，是那个区域；B的biggest没说也没有相关信息可以推断，而且太绝对；C正确，原文第二句说收集了大致两吨的碎片，碎片都有两吨了，那meteor自然不止两吨，所以C正确；D的more pieces 原文没有信息可以推断，不选。

3.这个句子看上去有点儿复杂，但把没用的部分去掉之后，剩下的东西并不多，只有when blabla，A包含各种各样的objects，后面的一大堆东西都是修饰objects的，所以正确答案是B。

A选项的A form原文没说，而且cloud of gas and dust got trapped原文也没说；C和D的主干完全错误。

4.allusion暗指，暗示，所以正确答案是D的reference。

原文说C这个东西的名字来源于希腊语，意思是种子，什么它的外表是石头里面包含很多种子，带进去就知道答案应该是reference，指的是外表blabla。

A添加B改变明显不对；C的resemblance看起来对，但其实不是像外表，而是外表像种子，所以C也不对。

5.enigmatic神秘的，成谜的，来自enigma谜，所以正确答案是B的mysterious。

原文说一些C包含了melting之后剩下的颗粒，这些怎么样的颗粒一定是在高温下nebular dust were fused的时候形成的。

都说了这些颗粒是survive过了melting event，也就是说别的都融化了，所以这些颗粒比较神奇，答案是B。

A和C 明显不对，D稍靠谱，但没有B好，而且本段最后还说是enigma，是一个谜。

6.以presence of grains inside some of the chondrules做关键词定位至第四句，也就是刚才词汇题所在的那句，说C包含了melting之后剩下的颗粒，这些神奇的颗粒一定是在高温下nebular dust were fused的时候形成的，然后快速冷却，所以正确答案是B。

1.【考点分析】本题为修辞目的题，注意此类题目并不是考例子本身，而是要寻找其修辞的目的，然后与选项进行对比。

关键词为“英国有大量的煤”，在此前的几句话说大英帝国能源短缺，举例说明作为主要热源的木材供应减少，燃煤多但不能有效地转化成机械能。

这说明什么呢，这说明英国的能源短缺不是因为燃料缺乏，选C.【选项分析】A. 为了反对“18世纪英国面临能源短缺”的说法(根据原文，煤储量大这一事实，并不是构成反对能源短缺说的理由，这一选项与原文矛盾)B.为了解释为什么是煤，而不是其它能源变成了18世纪英国的主要民用与工业热量来源。

(偷梁换柱型干扰项。

根据本段倒数第3句话，当时主要的能量来源是木材)C.为了表明英国的能源短缺不是缺乏燃料所致(正确：not the result of a lack of fuel 与原文的had large amounts of coal 形成对应)D.该选项是玩穿越，本段并没有提到19世纪，更没有提到采煤成为19世纪主要行业)2. 【考点分析】本题为细节题，考察利用关键词定位以及对同一含义的不同词汇与句子结构的理解能力。

要想让18世纪的工业革命成为可能，一定要得以解决的“能源方面的问题”是什么?根据第一段前半部分，能源是工业革命兴起的主要原因毋庸置疑，那么能源问题是什么呢?根据关键词“the problem of energy” 定位到倒数第2句话：”Great Britain had large amounts of coal; however, there we re not yet efficient means by which to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery.” 这句话表明，能源问题就是有燃料但缺乏用燃料来驱动机器的有效方式，这个问题必须得到解决才能使得工业革命成为可能，所以选B。

注意：means 和ways 是近义词，另外阅读里经常还有method, approach, avenue.【选项分析】A. 水与风不能得到有效的利用(这个选项与第一段第3句意义矛盾)B. 缺乏驱动机器的有效方式(正确：对应第一段的倒数第2句)C.蒸汽引擎需要大量的煤，而煤是供应不足的(与倒数第2句矛盾，原文说Great Britain had large amounts of coal)D.人类与动物都不够强壮，无法为工业活动提供能源(是第2句的偷梁换柱，原文说18世纪之前，人们的能量来源有植物、动物与人力)3. 【考点分析】本题为排除信息题，考查蒸汽引擎引发的纱厂变化除了哪一个。

TPO53托福阅读Passage2原文及答案解析托福备考时TPO托福模考软件对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。

托福阅读可以说是整个托福考试当中比较重要的一个部分，如何利用现有资料TPO模考软件来提升大家的托福成绩呢?今天小编在这里整理了TPO53托福阅读Passage2原文及答案解析来分享给大家，希望对大家托福阅读备考有帮助。

TPO53托福阅读Passage2原文文本Sounds In The FilmListen to part of a lecture in a film studies class.Professor: Nowadays we take sound in films for granted. I mean you still might see black and white films occasionally. But you'll hardly ever see silent films anymore.So it's interesting to note that the use of recorded sound was originally controversial. And some directors, uh, some filmmakers even thought it shouldn't be used, that it would destroy the purity of cinema, somehow reverse all the progress that had been made in the art of cinema. Abby?Abby: What about all the sounds you hear in some silent movies? Like, you know, a loud sound when somebody falls down or something?Professor: Okay, you're talking about a soundtrack added much later, which has over time become part of the film we know. But this recorded track didn't exist then.And it's not that most people didn't want sound in films. It's just that the technology wasn't available yet. Don't forget that instead of recorded sound, there was often live music that accompanied movies in those days, like a piano player or a larger orchestra in the movie theater.Also, think of the stage, the live theater, it has used wonderfulsound effects for a long time. And if wanted, these could be produced during the viewing of a film. You know, the rolling of drums for thunder or whatever. But that wasn't as common.Oh, and another thing, that they might have in movie theaters in the early days, was a group of live actors reading the parts to go along with the film, or, and this seems a particularly bad idea to us now, one person narrating the action, an early example of a long tradition of movie producers, the ones concerned mostly about making money, not having much confidence in their audience, thinking that people somehow couldn't follow the events otherwise.So, it finally became possible to play recorded sound as part of the film in the 1920s. Trouble was, it wasn't always used to very good effect. First it was, you know, amazing to see somebody's mouth move at the same time you hear the words, or hear a door close when you see it closing on screen.But that luster wears off, of course. And if you're a director, a filmmaker, what's the next step?Abby: Well, you sound to enhance the movie right? Bring something more to it that wasn’t possible?Professor: Yes. That’s exactly what directors, who were more interested in cinema as art, not commerce, were thinking.But they also predicted that there would be a problem that sound would be misused and, boy, was it ever.Because the commercial types, the producers and so on, were thinking, “Okay. Now that sound is possible, let's talk as much as possible and forget about the fact that we're making a movie, that we have this powerful visual medium.”So many of the films of the twenties were basically straight adaptations of successful shows from the stage, theatre. Thename they used for sound films then was “talking films” and that was on the mark, since, well, all they pretty much did was talk and talk.So, remedy? Well what was proposed by a number of filmmakers and theorists was the creative expressive use of sound, what they generally called nonsynchronous sound.Okay, synchronous sound means basically that what we hear is what we see. Everything on the soundtrack is seen on the screen. A nd everything was recorded simultaneously, which… Well, since the sound technicians working on films often had experience with live radio that made sense to them. Recording the sound separately and adding it in afterward? Well, that idea was less obvious.Anyway synchronous sound means the source of the sound is the image on the screen.Nonsynchronous sound then is…Abby: The sound doesn't match the picture?Professor: Right. Now we can look at this in various ways. But let's take it as literally as possible.Music, unless we see the radio or the orchestra, that's nonsynchronous. If the camera shot is of the listener rather than the speaker that's nonsynchronous. If we hear, say, background sounds that aren't on the screen, that's nonsynchronous.So, that doesn't seem so radical, does it? But again, those early producers didn't think their audiences could keep up with this.Abby: Excuse me, but did you say earlier that some filmmakers actually advocated not using sound at all?Professor: Well, yes. But that was a bit of an exaggeration, I guess. What I meant to say was that some filmmakers thought that the way the film sound was actually used was setting the artof filmmaking back.But everyone agreed that sounds solved some very difficult issues and offered potentially exciting tools.TPO53托福阅读Passage2题目Question 1 of 5What is the lecture mainly about?A. The influence of theater on early sound filmsB. Conflicting views on uses of sound during the early days of sound filmsC. The great progress in cinema after the development of soundD. Viewer reactions to early sound filmsQuestion 2 of 5According to the professor, what types of sound were used in silent film theaters? Click on 3 answersA. Live music performed in the theaterB. Sound effects created in the theaterC. Recorded sound tracks played with the filmD. Live narration during the filmE. Musical entertainment offered before the filmQuestion 3 of 5What is the professor's attitude toward early movie producers?A. He is critical of their influence on films.B. He thinks they had little influence on films.C. He thinks they understood what audiences wanted.D. He acknowledges that they made progress possible.Question 4 of 5According to the professor, what was characteristic of sound films in the 1920s?A. Dialogues between characters were kept to a minimum.B. Many films were closely based on theater plays.C. Musical sound tracks were added to most films.D. Sounds were recorded separately and added to films later.Question 5 of 5What is an example of synchronous sound in a film?A. A character hearing a train that is not visibleB. A past conversation being replayed in a character's mindC. A character playing guitar and singing on screenD. A song playing at the end of a film as credits appear on the screenTPO53托福阅读Passage2解析正确答案：B题目解析：本题定位到原文：So it's interesting to note that the use of recorded sound was originally controversial. 此处原文的大意是：我们不妨来说说声音最开始应用的时候是怎样有争议的。

托福阅读答案1.dramatic剧烈的，戏剧化的，就单词本身能够想到drama戏剧，所以这个应该是戏剧的形容词，原文后句说在几十米的垂直距离内，树木完全被低矮的灌木和草取代了，所以变化非常剧烈，A渐渐B复杂C可见的都不靠谱2.以lower timberline做关键词定位至本段最后一句，说有lower timberline是因为a lack of moisture，缺乏湿度，等于A选项中的没有水3.分别以upper timberline和lower timberline为关键词定位至本段倒数两句，不管是upper timberline还是lower timberline都是快速的过渡带，树还是有的，只是在向草原等等过渡，所以A错，既然是过渡，也就是边界了，B对，C没说，只有lower timberline缺水，所以D说both错4.以deciduous trees做关键词定位至原文的第三句和第四句，根据第四句说有的地方的timberline是由落叶树构成的，所以timberline上还是有落叶树的，所以选项A和B说反，D项moisture原文没说，第三句说timberline 通常是常绿树构成的，第四句说有的时候也出现落叶树，所以常绿树比落叶树出现的概率大，所以C正确5.attain获得，想到相似的obtain和retain，原文说中高纬度的树木会变形，在山脊处怎么样更高，后半句的whereas所在句与之并列，其中reach greater heights应该和考的那部分是并列的，所以attain也是reach 之意，答案是achieve，A要求B反对抵抗D忍耐都不对6.并列句，往前找，找主语，trees是正确答案，此外，被暴露在大风之下的应该是树，山谷山脊和高度都不靠谱7.prone可能，倾向于。

原文说热带地区山谷是更有利于生长的地方因为那里怎么样干涸，比较有利生长当然不容易干涸，C和D的意思都是能干涸，所以都不对，A适应不靠谱，所以B正确8..以middle and upper latitudes做关键词定位至原文第三四两句，说中高纬度地区树木在很大程度上受到积雪覆盖的时长和深度的影响，山谷地区积雪深，时间长，所以树长得不好，所以是negatively affected，选项B 和C与原文相反，D违反常识9.原句说风速增加而且会给树木很大压力，已经被blablabla证实。

新托福阅读真题全解析文章内容小结题这是托福阅读考试中经常出现的题目。

顾名思义，是对全文内容的总结，考察的是对文章主旨和段落主旨的把握。

正确选项是一些总结性的选项，错误选项的特点是：与原文不符，原文没有提到，或者是次要信息。

次要信息也就是文中提到的某个细节性的信息，次要信息的选项具有极大的干扰，在做题时应注意识别。

句子简化题这种题型的主要考查目的是：考查理解文章中某一特定复杂句子所传达的基本内容，并不受细枝末节的干扰，用简化的句子表达原句基本内容的能力。

因此，语法水平在解题过程中就显得尤为重要。

这种题目在托福阅读中的具体表现是题目中有“high sentence”。

修辞目的题这是托福阅读题型中比较难得分的题目，这种题目注重考察单词，短语或句子在句子之内或句子之间起到的作用，这就要求平时阅读时，在涉猎原文细节信息的基础之上，要有意识地注意句子之间的逻辑关系以及段落的结构。

事实否定题在解答这种题目的时候首先要注意的是避免惯性思维的影响。

平时在做题习惯当中，看到与原文相符或者和原文一样的选项就选，但是到了这个题目，需要选择不属于题干内容或者与原文相反的选项，这是需要注意的一点。

插空题这些题目中的一些较为复杂的逻辑关系会可能会造成失分。

在解答托福阅读插空题，首要任务就是要找到线索词。

也就是能够让了解句子之间逻辑或者语法联系的词，线索词亦是解题的关键。

如何快速完成托福阅读插句题：1. 在段落之前的空，99%错误率!因为每段的中心容易出现在第一句，如果把第一句改变了，也就改变句意了。

但同时请注意（两段式的插句题），第二个段落前面或第一个段落后面的空反而容易是正确的!2. 空后有代词this, these, that, those, he, she, they, it, such, each, other, one, another, both, each, anybody, none, some,any….的，一般来说是不对的，缘由是（代词不能跨距!），如果在代词前面加了一句话，就会改变代词的指代对象。