上海中考英语专项冲刺专项四：句型转换

上海中考英语专项冲刺专项四：句型转换

上海中考英语专项冲刺专项四：句型转换

----句型转换

【题型介绍】

题量总共7道，分值14分，每道题2分。句型转换是要求学生根据所给的句型，按要求或提示完成考题，考查的是学生对句子结构的构成、变化等方面的知识以及对此类知识的运用能力。该题型首先给出一个完整的句子，再给出一个含有几个空白处的句子，根据不同的要求填入适当的词完成句型转换。

句型转换涉及到语法知识的各个方面，在做这种题时，应注意时态、语态、人称、数的变化，特殊疑问词的用法，及助动词的用法等。句型转换考题虽然包括各种句式，但通常以两种形式进行考查：同义型句型转换和条件型句型转换。

【专题精讲】

(一).肯定句<--->否定句：

常考的考点：have 、do句型

提取助动词+ 动词原形：do/did/does + V原形

特例1：现在完成时have/has been --> have/has not been

1.He has been there.(改否定句)He _____ _____ there.

2.Jake has already downloaded many free games from the

App store. (改为否定句)

Jake ________ downloaded many free games from the App

store ___ _____.

hasn’t been hasn’t yet

特例2：一般将来时will do ---> won’t do

1. (13黄浦)The charity organization will receive some money

from th

e local government next year. (改为否定句)

The charity organization _____ receive _____ money from the local government next year.

won’t yet

特例3:had better do ---> had better not do (would rather

(not) do)

(二). 反意疑问句：

常考的考点：带有否定副词的句子。

前肯后否，前否后肯。

1.信号词never, seldom, hardly, rarely, few/little 功能上= not

2.注意用代词Mr.Smith and his wife 用代词-->they

Her parents seldom went to work, _____ _____?

did they

3.注意句子的整体理解

(13闸北)They tried everything they could to improve the

situation. (改为反意疑问句)

They tried everything they could to improve the

situation,_________ _________?

didn’t they

(三). 主动语态变被动语态

常考的考点：一.现、一.过、一将以及含有情态动词的被动语态。

be动词+动词〔P.P〕

情况1：一.现：am/is/are + V(P. P)

一.过：was/were +V(P.

P)

情况2〔有be〕：一.将：will be + V(P.P)

情态动

词:can/may/must/should be+ V(P.P)

情况3：现.完：have/has been +V(P.P)

注：人称单复数变化！！(被动语态：主语<—>宾语置换会导致单复数变化)

Uncle Tom grows tomatoes in the field.(改被动) Tomatoes_____ _______ by Uncle Tom in the field.

are grown

(四). 同义句转换

常考的考点：主要考考纲的近义短语、常用的初中重点句型。

1.表结果so….that +句子= too …(adj) to do

= not …(adj反义词) enough to do

He is so weak that he can’t play football.

He is___ weak ____play football.

He is not _____ ______ to play football.

too, to; strong, enough

2.表目的so as to do =〔in order〕to do= so that+ 句子= in

order th at+句子

3.表原因because, because of

They didn’t go to the museum last Monday. It rained hard.

(保持句意基本意思)

They didn’t go to the museum last Monday

______________the heavy rain.

because of

条件状从if….not= unless 如果不

Take the underground, or you will be late for the lecture. 保持句意基本不变〕

You __________ be late for the lecture __________ you take the

un derground.

will unless

5.时间状从not…until直到......才

The firemen stopped working when all the workers were

saved. (保持原句意思)金山2019年

The firemen ________ stop working ________ all the workers

were saved.

didn’t until ★★★高频考点：

say sorry to= apologize to道歉;

be made up of= consist(s) of由。。。组成

besides A= in addition to A除A以外〔还有〕

prefer(red〕A to B= like(d) A better than B喜欢A胜过B

do harm to…= be bad for…对…有害

improve a lot …= make progress …在…有进步(13徐汇)

escape= run away逃跑;immediately= at once 立即

high=in height EG: It is 10 meters in height. 拓展：wide= in

widt h ; long= in length

be held= take place举办when he was over sixty= in his sixties

I think…= In my opinion, …我认为

run out of= use up 用完

consider = think about考虑

sb. pays/paid $ for sth.= sb. buys/bought sth for $=it

costs/cost sb $ decide to do= make a decision to do

(五). 对划线部分提问

常考的考点：how long/soon/ far/often, how much/ many的区别；Wh y/ What/ How 的区别

★How long 多长时间信号词：for +时间段；since+时间点(for

10 years, since 2019)

★How soon 多久信号词：in + 时间段(in 10 d ays)

★How often & How many times 表频率信号词：once,

twice, >=3 times,

特注：当信号词是every 2 weeks等时，疑问词只能How often

★How far多远距离信号词：meters, two hours’walk/ride

★How old历史多久信号词：has a history of more than 100 0

years

★Why原因信号词：to do…，for+ doing/名词

★How方式信号词：by doin g… Lisa used to eat candy all the time. (对画线部分提问)

________ ________ Lisa use to do all the time?

What did

(六). 肯定句改为感叹句

常考的考点：近年来考的较少，要求掌握How/What 的修饰用法。

(七). 两句子合并为一句，复合句变为简单句

常考的考点：结构是状语从句，宾语从句的使用。注意改写句子的细节问题。

1.He doesn’t do A. He does B. ----> He does Binstead of

doing A

2.We…. We can…. ---->We ….. so that we can….

3.You can go there by bus. You can go there by underground,

too/in stead.---->

You can go there either by bus or by underground.

either or (二选一〕

总结：还有both…and …., neither…nor 表达方式

简单句/不定式---->复合句/宾语从句

1.The students asked me when to have a picnic.

The students asked me______ ______ would have a picnic.

when they

2. Betty taught me how I could use the computer to control

the mac hine. 〔改为简单句〕

Betty taught me ______________the computer to control th e

machine.

how to

宾语从句注意点：

1．从句用陈述句语序 2. 主从句时态保持一致 3.代词合理变化

(13长宁)Frank asked me, "Have you ever created a comic

strip?" (改为宾语从句)

Frank asked me whether_______ _______ ever created a comic