免疫细胞外表抗原分子CD家族对照表(CD1-CD247)Exalpha Biologicals produces and sells products for Life Science Research, including monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, for use in immunohistochemistry, western blot, ELISA and Flow Cytometry. We offer over 800 products and, through collaborations with other scientists as well as our own in-house R&D programs, Exalpha continues to bring leading edge products to market. Our family of CD antibodies combines quality and performance with reasonable prices to make our CD antibodies the best value in the market today. Our family of Proliferation products offer easy all-in-one kits or stand alone antibodies to quantitate proliferating cells. Take a look at our website or call us for additional information.Note: no information is available on CDw145, CD181, CD182, CD185-194, CD196-199, CD211, CD214-216,CD218-220, CD237BackgroundCD: cluster designation of monoclonal antibodies (clusters of differentiation)Designated at the 1st to 7th Workshops on International Human Leukocyte Differentiation AntigensThe last conference was in 2000. The next conference is in 2004.HLDA Workshops are the primary mechanism to characterize leukocyte surface antigenic molecules and epies; erythroid antigens are now includedFor 1st to 6th workshops, antibodies were submitted to the organizing laboratory, coded and sent to participating laboratories for testing against various cell types. For the 7th workshop, a CD designation could be established for a molecule if its gene has been cloned and at least one specific monoclonal antibody had been studied in the WorkshopInterpretation should be based on cellular distribution of staining, proportion of positively stained cells, staining intensity and cutoff levels.CD1Family of non-polymorphic MHC class I-like glycoproteinsAlso member of immunoglobulin superfamilyOn chromosome 1q22-23 (not MHC linked)Has 5 different subsets, all noncovalently associated with 12 kd beta 2 microglobulinFunction: restrict T cell responses to certain antigens; may mediate thymic T cell developmentPositive staining (normal): cortical thymocytes (70%), activated T cells, Langerhans cells, interdigitating dendritic cellsPositive staining (disease): pre T ALL with cortical thymocyte phenotype; Langerhans cell histiocytosisNegative staining: mature peripheral T cellsCD1aPositive staining (normal): Dendritic cells in dermis/epidermis of benign inflammatory skin disordersPositive staining (disease): Langerhans cell histiocytosis (fairly specific), myeloid leukemias, some B cell malignancies; dendritic cells in most peripheral cutaneous T celllymphomas, AJCP 2001;116:72Negative staining: normal B cells, most cutaneous peripheral B cell lymphomas (? reflects replacement of reactive pattern containing dendritic cells with a neoplastic pattern of B cells)Micro images:Langerhans cell histiocytosisMicro images (AJSP subscribers): pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis Micro images (Hum Path subscribers): Langerhans cell histiocytosis References: AJSP 2001;25:630CD1bPositive staining (disease): myeloid leukemias and some B cell malignancies Negative staining: normal B cellsCD1cPositive staining (normal): subset of normal peripheral B cellsPositive staining (disease): myeloid leukemias and some B cell malignancies Negative staining: normal B cellsPositive staining (normal): thymus (low levels), bowelCD1eCD2Aka E rosette receptor, LFA-2 (leukocyte function antigen)Function: binds CD58 / LFA-3 on antigen-presenting cells, and induces costimulatory signals in T cellsAlso regulates T and NK-mediated cytolysis, inhibits apoptosis of activated peripheral T cells, mediates T cell cytokine production, regulates T cell anergyPositive staining (normal): thymocytes (95%), mature peripheral T cells (almost all), NK cells (80-90%), thymic B cells (50%)Micro images:extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal typeCD2 epies restricted to activated T cellsPositive staining: activated T cells, ? NK cellsCD3Aka OKT3Function: complex (5 chains) of integral membrane glycoproteins assembled as a complex; has long cylasmic tail with antigen recognition activation motif; complex is then down regulatedAlso subdivided into delta, epsilon, gamma subtypesCylasmic expression at early T cell differentiation, then membranous expression Most specific T cell antibodyPositive staining (normal): thymocytes, peripheral T cells, NK cells; also Purkinje cells of cerebellumPositive staining (disease): 80% of T cell lymphomasNegative staining: gamma delta T cell receptors, most B cell lymphomasMicro images:CD3 epsilon-testicular NK/T cell lymphoma (figure 3D)Micro images (AJSP subscribers): achalasia, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in liverReferences: AJSP 2001;25:1413CD4Aka OKT4, T helper/inducerOn chromosome #12pNonpolymorphous glycoproteins belonging to immunoglobulin superfamily Serves as HIV receptor on T cells (as do chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4), macrophages, brainCD4+ T cells are killed by HIVCoreceptor in MHC class II-restricted antigen induced T cell activationBinds to nonpolymorphic region of class I molecules; may increase avidity of cell-cellinteractionsPositive staining (normal): thymocytes (80-90%), mature T cells (65%, T helper andCD4/CD8+ thymocytes), macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, granulocytesPositive staining (disease):pityriasis lichenoidesMicro images: acute demyelinating disease, extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type CD5Belongs to ancient scavenger receptor familyIs physically and functionally coupled with T cell receptor-zeta-CD3 signal transducer complexCD5+ B cells produce “generalist antibodies〞- polyreactive low affinity “natural〞antibodies to exogenous antigens (tetanus toxoid, lipopolysaccharide) as well as autoreactive antibodies (ssDNA, thyroglobulin, insulin)Note: sharks only have polyreactive IgMNote: monoreactive IgG is produced by < 0.1% of circulating B cells, from positive selection and somaticpoint mutationFirst line of defense against antigens; have a low activation threshold; are the only line of defense for those who cannot produce specific antibodyProduce antibodies using germ line (non mutated) configuration of gene segments, usually IgMProduction elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (27-52% of circulating B cells vs. 20% normal)CD5 may serve as a dual receptor, giving either stimulatory or inhibitory signals depending both on the cell type and the development stagePositive staining (normal): B cells of mantle zone of spleen and lymph nodes; B cells in peritoneal and pleural cavities; almost all T cells;In fetus, most B cells in spleen and cord blood are CD5 positivePositive staining (disease): B cell CLL/SLL, mantle cell lymphoma, most T malignancies, thymic carcinomas (70%)Negative staining: spindle cell thymomas, MALT lymphoma, follicular lymphomaMicro images: extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, mantle cell lymphoma (figure 3D)CD6Adhesion molecule mediating the binding of developing thymocytes with thymic epithelial cellsMay be involved in autoimmunity and graft vs. host disease (GVHD)Antibodies to CD6 are used to deplete T cells from bone marrow transplants to prevent GVHDPositive staining (normal): low levels on immature thymocytes, high levels on mature thymocytesCD7Membrane glycoprotein and Fc receptor for IgMHomologous to TCR gamma, Ig kappaMembrane expression early during T ontogeny, before TCR rearrangement, persists until terminal stages of T cell developmentLower expression in memory T cells vs. naive T cellsPositive staining (normal): mature peripheral T cells (85%), post-thymic T cells (majority), NK cells (majority), some myeloid cellsPositive staining (disease): T cell ALL; AML (especially M4/M5), chronic myelogenous leukemia, blasts in transient myeloproliferative disorderNegative expression: B cell ALL, Sezary syndrome, adult T cell leukemia/lymphomaMicro images: extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal typeCD8Aka OKT8, T cell suppressor/cytotoxic cellsOn chromosome #2MHC class I restricted receptor; binds to nonpolymorphic region of class I molecules; may increase avidity of cell-cell interactionsAssociated with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of lung (AJSP 2002;26:715) Positive staining (normal): T cells (25-35% of mature peripheral T cells, most cytotoxic T cells, CD4/CD8+ thymocytes); NK cells (30%-which are also CD3 negative); cortical thymocytes (70-80%), epidermotrophic lymphocytes in mycosis fungoides (AJSP 2002;26:450)Micro images: lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of cervix-figure 3, acute demyelinating diseaseMicro images (Mod Path subscribers): nodal cytotoxic T cell lymphoma Reference: Mod Path 2002;15:1131CD9May mediate platelet activation and aggregationAntibodies are used to purge bone marrow prior to peripheral stem cell bone marrow transplantViral co-receptorPositive staining (normal): pre B cells, B cell subset, T cells, macrophages, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, brain, peripheral nerve, vascular smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, epitheliaCD10Aka C ommon A cute L ymphoblastic L eukemia A ntigen (CALLA), neutral endopeptidase24.11, neprilysin, enkephalinaseCell membrane metallopeptidase, characteristic marker of follicular center cells andfollicular lymphoma, but also widely distributed in normal tissue and neoplasms; alsolocalized to brush border in small bowel mucosaInactivates bioactive peptidesUses:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: one of first markers to identify leukemic cells in children (hence its name)Breast: marker of myoepithelial cells, Mod Path 2002;15:397Burkitt lymphoma: confirm diagnosisColonic carcinogenesis: increase in stromal cells from mild to severe dysplasia to invasive carcinoma, Hum Path 2002;33:806-811Endometriosis: helpful in identifying areas of endometriosis if sparse glandular tissue。
