冠词 数词 连词
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高中英语句子结构分析英语的九大词类名词,代词,动词,形容词,副词,数词,连词,介词,冠词;一、名词n.:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称;物体名--desk,cup,chair.人名--Mike,Li Ming;地名—America ,China 动物名--pig,dog;植物名--tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称:idea主意,victory胜利,knowledge知识.二、代词pron.:主要用来代替名词,所以说名词和代词关系是很近的;代替人的代词有:I,you,he,she,it,they这里要注意,代词的作宾语的形式me,him,her,them....,代替物的代词有:it,that,this,those,these三、动词v.:"动"就是动作--可以指具体的动作:walk走,jump跳,swim游泳;人的大脑动作心理活动:think想,imagine想象.四、形容词adj.:用来表示名词的性质或特征;我们在谈论人或物时,常用上:tall高的,short矮的,black黑的,white白的这些词往往是修饰名词;五、副词adv.:修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明动作发生的时间、地点、程度等;副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的,所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法,但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词,可能是形容词likely—有可能的lovely—可爱的friendly—友好的lonely—孤独的weekly—每周一次的monthly—每月一次的yearly—每年一次的六、介词prep.:表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系;at, by, to,in,for,of,on, from,with介词在英语中最常用于介宾结构——介词+名词/代词,起修饰作用.比如:in winter,from America,behind the door等等;七、连词conj.:用来连接词、短语、句子;连词不能单独作句子成分,只能和其他词类一起作句子成分;常见的连词有:and 表并列、both .. and 并列、but 表转折、or 表选择、if 表条件等;八、冠词,英语中只有三个词:a\an 不定冠词the定冠词,简单来说,不定冠词表示泛指,定冠词表示特指,冠词与名词关系紧密,一般是放在名词之前;九、数词:跟数字有关的词就是数词,英语中的数词有两种,基数词和序数词;基数词,比如:one two 、three 、four、five 、six 、seven 等等,序数词,比如:first 、second、third 、fourth 、fifth 等等;英语句子(一)根据结构划分:①简单句:5种基本句型主+谓主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓+双宾间宾+直宾主+谓+宾+宾补②并列句and, but, or③复合句:名词从句宾,主,表,同副词从句状语从句形容词从句定语从句二根据功能划分:陈述句, 祈使句, 感叹句,疑问句一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句等动词分类:情态动词、助动词、系动词、实义动词及物动词和不及物动词形容词修饰系动词放在动词后,形容词修饰名词,一般放在名词前;副词修饰实义动词,放在实义动词后,修饰整个句子放在句首,修饰形容词,一般位于形容词前;五种基本句型句型一主语+ 谓语不及物动词vi.主语:是动作的发出者,一般是名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词,短语,从句等;谓语:谓语总是由动词或动词短语充当,是英语时态、语态变化的主角;谓语与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致不及物动词vi.一般不接宾语,接宾语得加一个介词;谓语由动词词组充当,分两种情况: 1. 及物动词+副词,2. 不及物动词+介词;动副词组:point out指出, carry out执行, put forward提出, work out做出,算出, find out找出, give up 放弃, give away赠送,分发,pick up拣起, put up挂上等;动副词可拆分,若是代词作宾语应放在中间;They carried out the plan successfully.They carried the plan out successfully.动介词组:look after照顾, look at瞧, look for寻找, belong to属于, refer to参考,提及, think of考虑,评价, send for派人去请, care for喜欢,suffer from受…之苦, deal with对付,应付, object to反对, pay for 付…的钱等;动介词是不可拆分的,所以代词放在后面,即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of.His father cooks.The children are listening quietly.He runs fast in the street.The meeting begins at nine.They worked day and night.I lived in Beijing five years ago.His father has gone abroad.句型二主语+ 谓语及物动词vt. + 宾语及物动词后必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者宾语位于及物动词或介词之后,主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词,短语或从句充当; He did his English homework. 名词作宾语The workers are building the bridge. 名词作宾语I enjoy sharing my work experience. 动词ing形式作宾语She is doing her homework now. 名词作宾语She said she felt sick.从句作宾语We often help him. 代词作宾语He likes playing basketball. 动名词V-ing作宾语He likes to play basketball. 不定式作宾语The boys were watching the world cup match.Can you feel the power of loveWe enjoy listening to the music.She wanted a barbie toy so much when she was young.Zhang Yimou made a love movie.I don’t believe in介 that man.He pointed out副 the mistakes in my composition.On Christmas Day, we will call on our foreign teachers.You must hand in your exercise-books after class.We cannot work out副 the problem in five minutes.句型三主+ 系+ 表什么是什么连系动词主要是连系主语和表语;系动词可分四类:1. “五be”是am, is, are, was, were2.“五感官”动词look 眼看起来sound 耳听起来taste 口尝起来smell 鼻闻起来feel 手摸起来3. “五变”get变得, turn变得, grow变得,go变得, become成为4. “三保持”keep保持, stay保持,remain保持作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词、不定式、动名词、从句等I am a teacher.She is beautiful.This song sounds good.Leaves turned green.用动词做的主语和从句主语也可用it替代,叫形式主语,真正主语在句中都后移;It is important to learn English.It is known to everyone in our class that he has been to many parts of the worldHer new Iphone5 is cool to death.His son is a rock star.My room looks like a pigsty.Li Lei and Jim are gay friends.Children grow wiser as they grow.The river looks especially beautiful in the early morning.Dinner smells good.His voice sounded strange on the phone.The cake tastes delicious.Harry potter is the hero in this book.Playing basketball is interesting.To learn English is important.Swimming is a sport he enjoys.That he has been to many parts of the world is known to everyone in our class.句型四主+谓+双宾间宾+直宾两者没有直接的关系有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 直接宾语eg:give / pass / bring/ take / show/ buy sb. sth.若要先说出直接宾语事物,后说间接宾语人,则要借助于介词to或for用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人;用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人;常跟双宾的词有需借助to的bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等需借助for 的 buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order ,sing, save, spare,等I bought John a birthday present. 或I bought a birthday present for john.Please tell me your telephone number. 或Please tell your telephone number to me.Give me a cup of tea please.Pass our English teacher the book.Bring it to me, please.Show this house to Mr. Smith.She ordered herself a new dress.He brought you a dictionary.Please give me a few apples.I’ll show you my photos.句型五主语+谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语两者有直接的关系谓语后只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思,必须加一个成分来补充说明宾语,才能使意思完整; 宾语补足语:位于宾语之后补充说明宾语;宾语补足语由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词等充当;The war made him a soldier. 名词New methods make the job easy .形容词I often find him at work . 介词短语The teacher ask the students to close the windows. 不定式I saw a cat running across the road. 现在分词Our teacher found the windows closed. 过去分词We call him Tom.At first I found Chinese quite hard.Tell him not to be late tomorrow.He made all of us laugh.The little girl often helps her mother to do the housework.We found a cat lying under the chair.I find learning English difficult.I will make you a captain.The manager asked Amanda to leave.His words made me sad.I find learning English difficult.I saw the kite up and down.Tom made the girl cry.He proved that theory very important.I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.句子成分——状语,可位于句首、句末或句中,用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示动作,行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等;由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当;He speaks English very well. 表程度He is playing under the tree.表地点I come to see you. 表目的Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. 表时间,地点The boy was praised for his bravery.表原因If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 表条件副词短语作状语:The boy needs a pen very much.程度状语The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.宾语较长则状语前置The boy really needs a pen.程度状语The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.时间状语介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.地点状语Before his mother,Tom is always a boy. 条件状语On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.时间状语分词短语作状语:He sits there,asking for a pen.表示伴随状态Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.原因状语Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.原因状语不定式作状语:The boy needs a pen to do his homework.目的状语To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.名词作状语:Come this way/走这条路方向状语状语从句:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句句子成分——定语,它位置灵活,用来修饰限定名词或代词,说明名词或代词的品质与特征;由形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、介词短语、不定式等等,相当于一个形容词,译为“ ...的”形容词作定语:The little boy needs a blue pen.Tom is a handsome boy.There is a good boy.数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens.The two boys are students.There are two boys in the room.代词或名词所有格作定语:His boy needs Tom's penHis name is Tom.There are two boys of Toms there.介词短语作定语:The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.名词作定语:The boy needs a ball pen.It is a ball pen.There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.副词作定语:The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom.不定式作定语:The boy to write this letter needs a pen.The boy to write this letter is Tom.There is nothing to do today.分词短语作定语:The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.The pen bought by her is made in China.There are five boys left.定语从句:The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.The boy you will know is Tom.There are five boys who will play the game.句子成分—同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分;如:We students should study hard. / students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’We all are students. / all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’练习一. 指出下列句中主语的中心词①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 二选出句中谓语的中心词①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by busA. DoB. usually D. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfastB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book toA. give C. whom D. book三挑出下列句中的宾语①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you ⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.四挑出下列句中的表语①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.五挑出下列句中的定语①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.②What is your given name③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe六挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now七挑出下列句中的状语①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. 八划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:we’ll go depend on the weather .2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.nursery takes good care of our children .’ll return the book to you tomorrow .are sure that we shall succeed .woman with a baby in her arms is his other .are many film that I’d like to see.you met the person about whom he was speakinghave a lot of work to do .11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .12.I said it in fun .13.We can send a car over to fetch you .14.She had to work standing up .15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .18.We should serve the people heart and soul.19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .23.It was in the library that I come today .24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.。
(一)之袁州冬雪创作1、名词名词 (Nouns)是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词. 名词可以独立成句.在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代.2、代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种.3、动词,就是用来形容或暗示各类动作的词汇.基本上每一个完整的子句都有一个动词,要暗示第二个动作时可以使用不定词、动名词、对等毗连词、从属毗连词或增加子句等方法保持.根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类.4、形容词形容词【adjective】很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种.主要用来修饰名词的词,暗示事物的特征5、冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前,对名词起限制作用的一种虚词.冠词可以说是名词的一种标记,它不克不及分开名词而独立存在.冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词"a,an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种6、数词暗示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫数词.其用法相当于名词或者形容词.数词分为基数词和序数词两种.暗示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词.7、副词(Adverb)副词的定义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念.8、介词的定义和特征介词是一种用来暗示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词.在句中不克不及单独作句字成分.介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语.(二)1、名词,人或事物的称号3、代词,代替名词或者数词(比方some就是代替数目)3、动词,动作或状态4、数词,暗示数目或顺序(比方序数词,5th就是暗示顺序)5、形容词,人或事物的性质或状态(因为形容词一般修饰名词)6、副词,动作的特征或性状特征(因为副词一般修饰动词或形容词)7、冠词,暗示名词的泛指或特指8、介词,暗示名词或代词与其他词的关系(因为介词后面一半紧跟名词,代词或其他名词性布局)9、连词,毗连词与词,短语与短语,句子与句子10、感叹词,暗示说话时的感情或语气(三)1、adj. / a. 形容词用来描绘一类物质的性质,状态,外貌,或人的性格特点,性质,品格如:big,happy2、adv. / ad. 副词用来修饰动作或形容词,一般在句子中做状语用暗示动作的停止怎样,或暗示程度,特点,如:clearly,happily3、prep. 介词毗连地点,时间的一类词语,可以暗示方位,时间.跟一些暗示时间,地点的词连用暗示介词词组如:in,to,on,under4、conj. 连词用来毗连时间,地点,原因,成果的一类词语如:when,beacuse,so5、num. 数词暗示数字的词,既可以是基数词,也可以是序数词如:one,two,first6、int. 感叹词暗示感叹的一类词,一般不加一诠释,只代表感叹如:what,how,haurray7、vt. 及物动词(后面要加宾语)行为动作的词如:do,finish,play8、vi. 不及物动词(后面不加宾语)暗示行为动作的词如:appear9、n. 名词暗示物体,物质的词如:pig,cow,man10、pron. 代词代指一类人,事或物的词如:he,she,hers,his,things11、art = 冠词,article的缩写(四)在英语语法中主要把词分为8大类:1.名词:暗示人、物或地方等,如:John,teacher;table,pen;London;beauty.2.代词:用来代替名词,以防止重复某个名词,如:I,you,it,that,those,them.3.形容词:用来修饰或限制某个(些)名词,如:good(man),white(paper),every(book),much(water),(John is)hon-est,(He seems)lazy.被修饰或限制的名词,叫做主体词(head-word).4.动词:暗示行为或状态,如:speak,read,go,think,is,seem.5.介词:暗示它后面的名词(或代词)跟它前面的动词、另外一名词或形容词的关系.这些名词(或代词)称为介词的宾语.介词宾语和介词构成介词短语.He went to school.(介词to把名词school和动词went接洽起来)He stood by me.He asked for it.The book on the desk is mine.(介词on把名词book和另外一名词desk接洽起来)He lives in a house on the mountain.他住在山上的一幢房子里.The bridge across this river is built by a Frenchman.河上的桥是一位法国人修建的.He is sure of it.他对此很有掌控.(of接洽it和sure.)It is good for you.这对你有好处.He is angry with Mary.他生玛丽的气.6.副词:修饰或限制动词、形容词或其他副词,甚至介词、连词及整个句子.He walked slowly.他走得很慢.He did it carefully.他干得很仔细.He is a very kind man.他是一个非常善良的人.John is truly honest.约翰的确很诚实.He arrived too late.他到得太晚了.He walked rather slowly.他走得相当慢.He sat far behind me.他坐在我后面挺远的地方.He arrived exactly at seven.他在7点整到达.He will come probably after we take lunch.他能够在我们吃午饭之后到达.He loves her just because she is pretty.他爱她只是因为她漂亮.Luckily,he got back his money.幸好他把钱要回来了. Historically,China is a great nation.从汗青上看中国是个伟大的国家.7.连词:用来毗连词、词组(短语)或句子,如:and,but,or,so;或把一个句子和一动词或名词接洽起来,如:when,because,as,though,that.(连词and把Hong Kong He visited Hong Kong and Singapore.和Singapore毗连起来)他访问了香港和新加坡.She is pretty but cruel.她很漂亮却很残暴.He does exercise in class or at home.他在讲堂上或是在家里做操练.(or把in class和at home两个短语毗连起来)She sat by me,reading novels but turning her eyes tochildren about her from time to time.她坐在我身旁看小说,但不时把眼睛转向她周围的孩子们.He works hard,so he will succeed.他很尽力,所以他会成功.(so把he works hard和he will succeed毗连起来)He says this and that,but he does not mean them.他说这说那,但这些都不是他的真心话.He was writing when it was rainning.下雨时他正在写作.(when把动词was raining和he was writing毗连起来)He became a beggar because he had been a gambler.他成了乞丐因为他爱赌博.He went to school though he was sick.他虽病了,但他仍然上学.The news that the enemy had surrendered soon reached us.不久传来了敌人投降的消息.8.感叹词:用来暗示说话时的感情,如Oh!,Alas!,My!上面只是对8大词类粗略的诠释.别的冠词、数词也可算作两个词类,冠词只有a,an,the3个字,数词可归入形容词中.。
分类:数词有基数词和序数词两种。
英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。
一、基数词:表示数目的词叫基数词。
1、英语中常用的基数词有:(1)百位与十位之间要加and;十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。
(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion 表示。
(3)hundred、thousand、million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one,two,…等其它数词。
用作名词时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。
如:five hundred(五百),hundreds of(成百上千的),ten thousand(一万),housands of(成千上万的),millions of(成百万的)。
二、序数词:表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
1、英语的序数词基本变法:(1)一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。
2、序数词如下:1000th→one thousandth,1000000th →one millionth,第703→the seven hundred and third,第5480→the five thousand four hundred and eightieth.。
3、注:(1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。
如:thirty-sixth;(2) 使用序数词时一般加定冠词the。
如:I’m in the third grade。
(3) 序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。
如:1/5→one fifth ;2/3→two thirds ;4/7→four sevenths;1/2→ a half;1/4→a quarter;3/4→three quarters ;50%→fifty hundredths ( fifty percent)。
十大词类定义:词类就是词的类别。
英语单词成千上万,但根据用法特征,可以分为十类。
分别叫名词,代词,动词,形容词,副词,数词,连词,介词,冠词,感叹词。
也就是说,英语中那么多单词,任挑一个,那它一定属于这十种词类中的一种或几种。
(友情提示:同一个单词可能有几种词性。
比如,work 既是动词又是名词。
)巧记十大词类:谐音记法:名人后代,有条运动“副”好“形”,连续几天衣冠不整去叹“数”界1.名词(缩写:n.).,"名"就是名称--人或事物的名称。
具体的人或物体的名称:人名--Mike,Li Ming; 地名—America ,China 动物名--pig,dog;植物名--tree, wheat. 抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意),victory(胜利),knowledge(知识).A. 名词分为可数名词与不可数名词,不可数名词不能直接用数字来表示数目,要借助量词。
例如:名代动副连冠叹数十大词类five water (错误) five cups of water (正确)B.可数名词在句子当中要体现出单复数,不能孤零零一个。
体现单数:可数名词前加冠词a/an/the; 体现复数:单数名变复数。
例如:我唱歌。
误:I sing song. (没有体现单数)正:I sing a song. (体现了单数) I sing songs. (体现了复数)【译一译】1. 他看电影。
2. 我写书。
2.动词(缩写:v, vt, vi),"动"就是动作,表示动作的词。
人的五官动作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大脑动作(心理活动):think(想),imagine(想象).也有些动词是表示静止的,如:am,is,are。
动词分类特点常见动词例子1.情态动词(aux.v)表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词, 后面必接动原。
can, could, will,would, shall…I can see you.2.系动词(link.v)亦称连系动词,是用来帮助说明主语的动词,其后必须跟表语,可接adj.(系动词特有)be(is, am, are,was,were), keep,stay…You are a girl.3. 助动词助动词用来构成时态和语态do,does, did,have,has,had Do you know him?I didn’t knowthat.4.行为动词(v.)(数量最多)表示动作的动词,有完全的词义,并能独立做谓语动词Like, love, see,hear…I love you.其中,行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。
词1. 词类(Parts of Speech)1.名词(即人或事物的名称)- n. ( noun )boy, dancer, flower, beauty, country2.冠词(用在名词前,帮助说明其意义)- art. ( article ) a, an, the3.动词(表示动作或状态)- v. ( verb ) go, do, see, work, feel4.形容词(表示人或事物的特征)ad.( adjective ) good, easy, new, beautiful5.副词(表示动作特征或性状特征)- adv. ( adverb ) beautifully, carefully, hard, up, very6.代词(代替名词或数词)- pron. ( pronoun ) we, these, some, everybody, what7.数词(表示数目或顺序)- num. ( numeral ) : nine, fifty, third, twentieth8.介词(用在名词、代词等前面,说明与别的词之间关系)prep. ( preposition ) in, on, from, through, for9.连词(连接词与词或句与句)conj. ( conjunction )and, or, if, when, although 10.感叹词(表示说话时的感情或口气)int. ( interjection ) ah, well, wow, why不定式前的to为小品词(particles)。
yes和no有人称为肯定词和否定词,有的词典称之为副词。
2. 一个词可以分为不同的词类有些词仅属于一个词类,如quickly为副词,come为动词,beautiful 为形容词。
但绝大多数词都可以属于两种或多种词类,例如:Let’s go.咱们走吧。
(go 用作动词)I’d like to have a go at it.我想试一试。
1、名词名词(Nouns)是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。
名词可以独立成句。
在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。
2、代词是代替名词的一种词类。
大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
3、动词,就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。
基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。
根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类。
4、形容词形容词【adjective】很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。
主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征5、冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前,对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。
冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在。
冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词"a,an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种6、数词表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫数词。
其用法相当于名词或者形容词。
数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。
7、副词(Adverb)副词的定义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
8、介词的定义和特征介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。
在句中不能单独作句字成分。
介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。
(二)1、名词,人或事物的名称3、代词,代替名词或者数词(比如some就是代替数目)3、动词,动作或状态4、数词,表示数目或顺序(比如序数词,5th就是表示顺序)5、形容词,人或事物的性质或状态(因为形容词一般修饰名词)6、副词,动作的特征或性状特征(因为副词一般修饰动词或形容词)7、冠词,表示名词的泛指或特指8、介词,表示名词或代词与其他词的关系(因为介词后面一半紧跟名词,代词或其他名词性结构)9、连词,连接词与词,短语与短语,句子与句子10、感叹词,表示说话时的感情或语气(三)1、adj. / a. 形容词用来描述一类物质的性质,状态,外貌,或人的性格特点,性质,品格如:big,happy2、adv. / ad. 副词用来修饰动作或形容词,一般在句子中做状语用表示动作的进行怎样,或表示程度,特点,如:clearly,happily3、prep. 介词连接地点,时间的一类词语,可以表示方位,时间.跟一些表示时间,地点的词连用表示介词词组如:in,to,on,under4、conj. 连词用来连接时间,地点,原因,结果的一类词语如:when,beacuse,so5、num. 数词表示数字的词,既可以是基数词,也可以是序数词如:one,two,first6、int. 感叹词表示感叹的一类词,一般不加一解释,只代表感叹如:what,how,haurray7、vt. 及物动词(后面要加宾语)行为动作的词如:do,finish,play8、vi. 不及物动词(后面不加宾语)表示行为动作的词如:appear9、n. 名词表示物体,物质的词如:pig,cow,man10、pron. 代词代指一类人,事或物的词如:he,she,hers,his,things11、art = 冠词,article的缩写(四)在英语语法中主要把词分为8大类:1.名词:表示人、物或地方等,如:John,teacher;table,pen;London;beauty.2.代词:用来代替名词,以避免重复某个名词,如:I,you,it,that,those,them.3.形容词:用来修饰或限制某个(些)名词,如:good(man),white(paper),every(book),much(water),(John is)hon-est,(He seems)lazy.被修饰或限制的名词,叫做主体词(head-word)。
初中英语语法知识点整理总结一、基本语法1.词性:名词、形容词、副词、动词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、数词、感叹词2.句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语3.句子类型:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、条件句、比较句等二、句子结构1.简单句:由一个主语和一个谓语构成,表达一个完整的意思2.并列句:由两个或多个主句通过连词连接而成的句子3.复合句:由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子4.宾语从句:作为主句的宾语的从句5.定语从句:修饰名词的从句6.状语从句:作为主句的状语的从句三、时态1.一般现在时:表示经常性的动作或事实2.现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作3.一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或状态4.过去进行时:表示过去一些时间正在进行的动作5.现在完成时:表示过去的经验或动作对现在造成的影响6.过去完成时:表示过去一些时间或动作之前的完成动作四、语态1.被动语态:由动词的宾语和过去分词构成,强调动作的承受者而不是执行者2.主动语态:动词主语直接执行动作五、形容词和副词1.形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词、形容词或副词2.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级3.形容词和副词的用法及修饰位置六、名词1.可数名词和不可数名词的区别及用法2.名词的单数和复数形式3.名词所有格的构成和用法七、代词1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词等2.代词的主格和宾格形式3.代词的用法及位置八、冠词1.定冠词和不定冠词的区别及用法2.冠词的用法及位置九、动词1.动词的时态、语态、主动和被动形式2.动词的不同意思和用法3.动词的非谓语形式:不定式、现在分词、过去分词4.动词的用法和位置十、介词1.介词的基本用法和位置2.常用介词和短语的用法和搭配十一、连接词1.连词的分类及用法:并列连词、从属连词、关联连词等2.连词引导的从句的构成和用法以上是初中英语语法的一些基本知识点总结,希望能帮助到你。
记住这些基本知识点,然后通过大量的练习和阅读来巩固和运用,可以帮助你在英语学习中取得好的成绩。
十大英语词类,五种常见的基本句型,各种句子成分讲解-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1十大词类词类就是词的类别。
我们知道,英语单词成千上万,但根据用法特征,可以分为十类。
分别叫名词,代词,动词,形容词,副词,数词,连词,介词,冠词,感叹词。
也就是说,英语中那么多单词,任挑一个,那它一定属于这十种词类中的一种或几种。
(友情提示:同一个单词可能有几种词性。
比如,work 既是动词又是名词。
)名词,"名"就是名称--人或事物的名称.具体的人或物体的名称:人名--Mike,Li Ming;地名—America ,China 动物名--pig,dog;植物名--tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意),victory(胜利),knowledge(知识).代词,何谓“代” 即是替代的意思,主要是来替代名词,所以说名词和代词关系是很近的,或者说代词的实质就是名词,正是这种血液关系,绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。
代词,从英语词汇的整体来看数量并不多。
动词,"动"就是动作--人的五官动作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大脑动作(心理活动):think(想),imagine(想象).也有些动词是表示静止的,如:am, is, are。
形容词,我们在谈论人或物时,常说:“你描述一下是什么样子。
”你就要用上:tall(高的),short矮的),black(黑的),white(白的)这些词往往是修饰名词,它们就是形容词。
副词,说人行走得快慢,讲话清楚,在英语里就要用quickly(快地),slowly(慢地),clearly(清楚地)这些词往往来修饰动词。
它们就是副词。
副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的,所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法,但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词,可能是形容词,不过只有少量的单词(likely fiendly lovely lonely weekly monthly yearly )介词,大部份介词都不难理解,比较令人头痛的只是下列几个at, by, to,in,for,of,on, from,with其中又以 at, by, in, on 为四大“要犯"!学习介词就是要抓住这几"要犯"!介词同名词“关系”最好,是“铁” 哥们,所以往往你见到介词的地方你就会见到名词,而且还有一个词类往往和他们两个往往在一起,那就是冠词,他们三个形成一个“小集团”。
中考英语《冠词、数词、介词与连词》考点详解一、考查不定冠词1.用在单数名词之前,指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。
(2017年重庆A卷)There is tall man in front of the zoo gate.A. aB. anC. theD./【解析】答案A。
句意为“动物园门口前有一位高个子男人。
”表示“某一个”用不定冠词,句中tall的读音以辅音音素开头,所以使用不定冠词a。
故选A。
2.用于首次提到的人或物的单数名词之前。
(2017年呼和浩特卷)—Last Sunday, my parents took me to the zoo. In the zoo we sawelephant. elephant was from Africa.A. a; TheB. the; AnC. an; TheD. the; A【解析】答案C。
该题句意为“上星期天,我父母带我去动物园。
在动物园里我们看见一头象。
这头象来自非洲。
”第一次提到elephant,并且该词读音以元音音素开头,用不冠词an,后一空表示特指。
故选C。
3.a与an的区别:(2017年潍坊卷)—What do you think of the boy?—He is honest student today and useful man tomorrow.A. a; anB. an; aC. an; anD. a; a【解析】答案B。
该题句意为“你认为这个男孩怎么样?”“今天他是一个诚实的学生,明天就是一个有用的人。
”a与an的区别是:a用在以辅音音素开头的词前面,an用在以元音音素开头的词前面。
这里所说的是音素,而不是字母。
honest尽管拼写形式以辅音字母开头,而发音却是/'ɔnist /,而useful其拼写形式虽然以元音字母开头,而发音却是/'ju:sful/。
故选B。
注意以下名词前不定冠词的用法:a universify“一所大学”;a European country “一个欧洲国家”;a one-eyed dog“一只眼睛的狗”;an hour“一小时”。
第七节冠词数词连词冠词部分冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。
填空1.There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall.2.This is _______ useful book.I've read it for _______ hour.3._______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse.4._______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day.5.Let's go out for _______ walk.6.It's too hot.Open _______ door,please.7.There is _______ woman over there._______ woman is Meimei's mother.8._______ sun rises in _______ east.9._______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China.10.Are you going to do it _______ second time?11.Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA.12._______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street.13.He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995.14._______ old man is _______ teacher.He likes playing _______ basketball after_______ supper.15.After I had _______ quick breakfast,I hurried to school.16.Are _______ sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______ wool and_______ meat?17.They went to _______ People's Park,but we both went to _______ People's Cinema yesterday.18.I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening.19._______ day of _______ December 20,1999 is Monday.20.Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I went tochoose _______ Christmas tree today.21.I think _______ maths is more important than any other subject.22.He often goes to _______ school by _______ bike.23.What does this _______ word mean,_______ Father?24.What _______ important news!选择填空1.—Does Jim have _______ ruler?—Yes,he has _______ .A.an;some B.a;one C.a;/D.any;one2.There is _______ old bike._______ old bike is Mr Zhao's.A.an ;The B.the;An C.a;The D.the;The3._______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay.A.The B.A C.An D.Two4.—How many books do you have?—I have _______ book.That's _______ English book.A.a;an B.a;one C.one;an D.one;one5.At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby.A.a B.an C.the D./6._______ tiger is _______ China.A.The;a B.A;the C.The;from D.The;the7.We can't see _______ sun at _______ night.A.the;the B.the;/C.a;/D./;/8._______ useful book it is!A.What an B.How a C.What a D.What9.One afternoon he found _______ handbag.There was _______ “s”on the corner of _______ handbag.A.a;an;the B.a;a;the C.an;an;an D.the;a;a10._______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting.A.An;an;a B.The;/;an C.The;/;a D.The;/;the11._______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world.A.A;a B.The;the C.A;the D.The;a12._______ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River.A.The;a B.A;/C.A;the D.An;the13._______ woman over there is _______ popular teacher in our school.A.A;an B.The;a C.The;the D.A;the14.He used to be _______ teacher but later he turned _______ writer.A.a;a B.a;the C./;a D.a;/15.They made him _______ king.A.a B.the C.an D./16.His father is _______ English teacher.He works in our school.A.a B.an C.the D./17.Is he _______ American boy ?A.an B.a C.one D./18.Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school?A./;/B./;the C.the;/D.a;/19.They passed our school _______ day before yesterday.A.an B.one C.a D.the20.Australia is _______ English-speaking country.A.a B.an C.the D./21.She has _______ orange skirt._______ skirt is nice.A.a;The B.an;The C.an;A D.the;The22.This is _______ apple.It's _______ big apple.A.an;a B.a;the C.a;an D.an;the23.Look at _______ horse over there.A.a B.an C.the D./24.Don't play _______ basketball here.It's dangerous.A.a B.an C./D.the25.There is _______ old woman in the car.A./B.the C.a D.an26.Beijing is _______ beautiful city.It's _______ capital of China.A.a;a B.the;the C./;the D.a;the27.Shanghai is in _______ east of China.A./B.an C.a D.the28.I've been a student there for nearly two and _______ half years.A.a B.an C.the D./29.Bill is _______ English teacher.He likes playing _______ football.A.a;the B.an;the C.a;/D.an;/30.The museum is quite far.It will take you half _______ hour to get there by_______ bus.A.an;/B.an;a C.a;/D./;/------数词部分▲掌握分数、时间、日期的表达法。
【复习要点】(一)基数词基数词用来表示数目,或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。
最基本的基数词如下表所示。
说明:1.13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。
注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。
2.20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成,注意其中20—50的拼写分别是twenty, thirty, forty 和fifty;80的拼写是eighty。
3.其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符“-”,再加个位数构成。
如:81 eighty-one。
4.101—999的基数词先写百位数,后加and再写十位数和个位数。
如:691 six hundred and ninety-one。
5.1000以上的基数词先写千位数,后写百位数,再加and,最后写十位数和个位数。
如:5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。