2012年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分:主谓一致(新人教版)
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关于主谓一致一、主谓一致定义主语和谓语要保持人称和数量的一致,比如主语是复数,谓语就用复数;主语是单数,谓语就用单数。
主谓一致通常分为语法一致,语义一致和就近就远原则。
(一)语法一致:主语是单数,谓语用单数;主语是复数,谓语用复数1)to do和doing作主语,谓语动词用单数e.g. To see is to believe.e.g. Seeing is believing.2)当句子主语由many a / more than one / every / each / no... 修饰时,谓语动词用单数e.g. Many a woman is paying attention to the lecture.e.g. More than one student is supposed to take part in the activity.3)以所接名词的单复数为准①修饰词或短语:some / several / a lot of / lots of / plenty of / a couple of ...若接复数名词,谓语用复数;若接不可数名词,谓语用单数。
e.g. A couple of scientists are doing researches about this problem.e.g. Some information online is unhealthy.①分数/百分数后,若接复数名词,谓语用复数;若接不可数名词,谓语用单数。
e.g. Two thirds of the students provide various of reasons for their absence.e.g. Ten percent of furniture is transported from Africa to America.(二)语义一致:形单意复,谓语用复数;形复意单,谓语用单数1)学科名词:以-ics结尾的学科名称、以-s结尾专有名词,如:politics, mathematics, ethics,physics等,谓语用单数。
2012年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分:状语从句(新人教版)状语从句是一个句子充当另一个句子的状语,表示主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因、方式、结果、目的等等。
状语从句是历年高考题的重点、难点。
命题一般是考查学生连词的掌握情况,根据两个句子的意思,判断两个句子之间的逻辑关系,选择合适的连词。
常见的状语从句有九大类。
要牢记不同的连词的具体意思,是解题的关键。
一、时间状语从句常见连词: when / while / as; before / after; since; until; as soon as / immediately / instantly / themoment / the minute / the second; no sooner…than / hardly…when; the first time / every time / each time / next time【完成例句】(1)我正在做饭,这时,门铃响了。
I was doing some cooking when the doorbell rang.[ ]=The doorbell rang when I was doing some cooking.(2)我正要下班,这时,天开始下大雨了。
I was about to leave work when it began to rain heavily.【结论1】when 通常意思为:当……时候;正在那时……【完成例句】[ ](3)你在北京期间能否给我收集一些红树叶?While you are in Beijing, can you collect some red leaves for me?(4)那个男孩在过马路时被迎面驶来的小轿车撞了。
While walking across the street, the boy was knocked over by a running car. 【结论2】 while从句只能用延续性动词,意思为:在……期间。
2012年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分:冠词(新人教版)冠词是用在名词前面,说明名词所表示的人或事物的词。
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。
英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。
不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意思。
a用于辅音音素前,一般读作,而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。
一、不定冠词的用法【完成例句】(1)门口有个警察。
There is a policeman at the door.【结论1】不定冠词用在单数可数名词前表示“某一个”。
【翻译句子】(2) A car must be insured.汽车一定要上保险。
(3) A soldier must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。
【结论2】不定冠词用在单数可数名词之前,表示“某一类”,强调“任何一个,每个”。
【完成例句】(4)房间里有个箱子。
这个箱子很重。
There is a box in the room. The box is heavy.【结论3】不定冠词用于头一次出现的单数名词之前。
【完成例句】(5)她是个老师。
She is a teacher.(6)我们都认为他是适合做这个项目的人。
We all thought him a suitable person for the job。
【结论4】不定冠词和名词连用表示泛指。
【完成例句】(7)汽车以每小时60公里速度前进。
The car is running at the speed of sixty kilometers an hour. [ ](8)他每月回家3次。
He returns home three times a month.【结论5】不定冠词可以用在价格、速度、比率等短语中。
主谓一致在英的句子中,的形式与主的人称和数保持一致。
近几年来,高考对于内容的考主要集中在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三个方面。
一、使用复数谓语动词的状况1.由 and, both⋯and接两⋯个主,用复数形式。
如:Both the teacher and the students are working hard.但当 and 接的两个名指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一观点,且第二个名前没有冠等限制;此外,and 接的两个名前有each , every等修,用数。
如:The knife and fork lies on the table.2 .“ the+形容或去分”指一人,用复数形式。
如:The wounded were sent to the hospital at once.3 . the people/cattle/police作主,用复数形式。
如:After hearing the news, the people present were all crying.二、使用单数谓语动词的状况1.数名、不行数名、不定代,如 something/somebody, everything/everybody,anything/anybody, nothing/nobody作主,用数形式。
如:Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished.2 .不定式、名、主从句作主,用数形式。
如:Looking after the baby is my job.3 .名,以 -s 尾的数名,以 -s 尾的名、志名、地方、名称作主,用数形式。
如:Physics is hard to study.4 .数名+with, along with,together with,as well as,rather than, as much as,but, except, besides, such as, like, including等作主,仍用数形式。
语法复习之主谓一致教学设计Learning Aims1. master the principle of subject predicate agreement2.some problems in mastering subject predicate agreement 主谓一致概念:何为主谓一致?在英语句子中,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。
一.用单数的情况1.由and连接的并列成分作主语时,如果主语指的是同一个人,同一个物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
The singer and dancer has come.2.由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every no等修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.3.Many a +单数名词(许多……);more than one +单数名词(不止一个)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.More than one is against your plan.4.当表示国家,城市,人名,书名,报纸,杂志及组织机构等专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The New York Times is read all over the United States.5.表示时间,距离,价格,度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
1000 dollars isn’t a large amount money.Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.二.用复数的情况1.一些只有复数形式的名词,如:police , cattle等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
主谓一致主谓一致指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数的形式上的一致关系。
这种一致关系通常牵涉到三个不同的基本原则:语法一致原则句子主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致。
而是取决于意义一致原则句子主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于主语的单复数形式,主语的单复数意义。
谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词就近原则当句子中有若干个并列主语出现,决定。
I.以–s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致III.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致IV.表示数量的名词短语作主语时的主谓一致V.一些句型结构的主谓一致(定语从句、存在句、强调句、名词性从句、非谓语形式作主语)VI.其他结构中的主谓一致I.以–s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致1.以–s 结尾的表示体育活动的名词作主语2.以–ics 结尾的表示学科的名词作主语3.以–s 结尾的地理名词作主语4.以–s 结尾的由两部分组成的名词作主语5.* 以–ings 结尾的动名词作主语6.其他以–s 结尾的名词II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体,其中有的是复数含义,有的是不可数含义,有的根据不同的上下文,既可以有复数含义,也可以有单数含义。
1. 通常用作复数的集合名词这类名词包括people, police, cattle, *poultry, *vermin等。
在它们之后的谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. The police are in search of the murderer.Cattle provide us with milk and beef.People 解释为“民族”时为单数形式,复数时词尾要加s。
e.g. There are fifty-six peoples in China.2.通常用作单数的集合名词machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, foliage 等。
高考英语语法专题复习:主谓一致名师箴言:主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。
名师导航:第一关: 1. 语法一致原则的阐述语法一致原则 2. 语法一致原则的用法语法一致原则的阐述:主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上,即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单复数形式上的一致。
如果名词中心词是复数,动词就改用复数形式;如果名词中心词不是复数,而是单数名词或不可数名词,动词便用单数形式。
语法一致原则的用法:1.单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时,谓语动词一般采用单数形式。
名词做主语:The student is clever.这个学生很聪明。
代词做主语:He is doing the experiment.他正在做实验。
动词不定式做主语:To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。
动名词做主语:Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实困难。
主语从句做主语:Whatever was left was taken away.无论剩下什么都被拿走了。
Whether we will go out for an outing tomorrow depends on the weather.我们明天去不去郊游取决于天气。
警示灯:一个主语从句做主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。
What they need are books.他们需要的是书。
2.当主语是and, both…and 连接的并列结构时,如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,谓语动词用复数。
Tom and Jack were close friends.汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。
Both rice and wheat are grown by farmers in China.中国的农民既种植大米也种植小麦。
主谓一致英语中主谓一致是指句中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
在做涉与主谓一致的练习时,同学们有时会觉得顾此失彼。
究其原因,往往是没有把握住主语的真正内涵,考虑不周全。
笔者对此问题作一总结,供同学们参考。
一般来说,主谓一致要遵循以下三个原如此:一、语法一致原如此主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
(1)主语后面有as well as, with, together, along with, but, like, except, including等非并列连接性短语时, 谓语动词不受该短语中名词数的影响, 仍和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
例如:No one except two boys was late for school.There was a bill along with the parcel.The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.(2)由and或both.…and连接的名词作复合主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:The red rose and the white rose are very beautifu1.Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.但要注意, 如果连接的两个名词表示同一概念, 即指同一个人或物时(其特征是and后的名词没有任何冠词), 如此主语表示单数意义。
例如:The secretary and principal of the schoo1 was present at the meeting.The writer and poet has decided to be on holiday in Guilin.(3)在each.…and each..., every ...and every..., no...and...后分别跟单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
2012年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分:主谓一致(新人教版)【定义】主谓一致即主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
一、意义(语法)一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数意义,则谓语单数,句子的主语意义复数,则谓语复数。
【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(1) Physics is (be) not easy to understand.(2) When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has (have) not been decided yet.(3) Either of the stories is (be) very funny.(4) Nothing is (be) impossible.(5) Ten pounds was (be) missing from the box.【结论1】①不可数名词作主语,一律视为单数。
以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名、书名等作主语,视为单数;有些不可数名词如news,maths , physics 虽然以s结尾,但不是复数。
②表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
③ “one, either, neither, each of +复数名词或代词”作主语时,谓语用单数。
④ Something, everything, anything, nothing,somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语,谓语通常是单数。
⑤表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(6)This pair of glasses is (be) very expensive.(7)Two series of new stamps have (have) been ordered.【结论2】a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词,通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。
【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(8)The number of the students in our school is (be) quite large and a number of teachers work (work) hard.(9)The population of China is (be) large and most of the population are (be) farmers.【结论3】a number of +复数名词,“许多……”,复数意义;the number of +复数名词,“……的数目”,单数意义。
the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时,谓语单数,但如果是分数、百分数、half of, therest of the population 作主语时,谓语则用复数,具体指其中的多少人,复数意义。
the average of…“……的平均数量”,作主语时,谓语用单数。
【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(10)Mr. Green together with his children goes (go) to the park every Sunday.【结论4】主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时,谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。
(因为with等词为介词,其后跟的名词只能是介宾,不可能充当主语。
)【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(11)The disabled are (be) well taken care of in this country.(12)The news is (be) certain to replace the old.(13)The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired.(14)His family are (be) all sitting in the sofa watching TV.【结论5】① “the +adj.”结构指人时,谓语动词用复数;如果表示抽象的概念,谓语动词用单数。
②分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。
③主语为集合名词时,如果看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;如果侧重其中的个体,谓语动词用复数。
这类集体名词常见的有:army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等,其中cattle,people,police一般看成复数形式。
【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(15)战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题。
War and peace is (be) a constant theme in history.(16)中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。
Chinese and Japanese silk are (be) of good quality.【结论6】当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
另外,当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
【特别提醒】英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:iron and steel钢铁law and order治安bread and butter 黄油面包a watch and chain一块带链的表a knife and fork刀叉a coat and tie配有领带的上衣aim and end目的truth and honesty真诚【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(17)What surprised me most was (be) his attitude towards his study.【结论7】what 引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(18)Such is (be) Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.【结论8】such 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。
【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(19)Every day quantities of water are (be) wasted.【结论9】quantities of +名词作主语时,不论名词是复数还是不可数,谓语一律用复数。
二、形式一致原则【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(20)Every boy and every girl is (be) having sports now.(21)One and a half hours is (be) not enough to me.(22)More than one boy was (be) invited to the ball yesterday.(23)Many a student in our class wears (wear) glasses.【结论】①every / each / no +名词+and every / each / no +名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
② “one +单数名词+and a half”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
③ “more than one +名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
④ “many a +单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
【疑难】— Did you go to the show last night?— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited.A. wereB. have beenC. has beenD. was【疑难剖析】答案为D项,根据形式一致原则。
从last night可以排除B、C。
以上四种情况,如果从意义上来讲,主语有复数意义,但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的,故谓语用单数形式,谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。
三、就近原则【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(24)Either I or they are (be) responsible for the result of the matter.(25)Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has (have) caused me any distress.【结论1】谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。
常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or, not…but…;either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…等。
【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(26) In the distance was (be) heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.【结论2】在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
【完成句子】用动词的适当形式填空(27)Here is (be) a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.(28)There is (be) a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.(29)There are (be) twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.【结论3】当一个句子是由there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。