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《英语修辞学》第一章----第四章练习答案Tell what figures of speech each sentence contains.1. You might as well expect a leopard to change its spots as expect him to give up smoking.(simile)2. I stayed on Hong Kong island and found myself in a different world, where surprising quiet and the green smell of lush foliage is just steps away from the business district.(Jane Wooldridge: Hong Kong) (synaesthesia)3. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. (kate Chopin: The Dream of an Hour) (synaesthesia)4. How all my own territory would be altered, as if a landslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike. (simile)(I had never realized until Mike’s leaving) How much my own life would be affected, as if it had been destroyed by a landslide, which took away everything I used to enjoy, leaving behind only the pain from missing Mike.我的世界里，就像发生了天崩地裂，除了迈克的离去，其余所有的记忆都被冲走了。
《英语修辞学》教学大纲修订单位: 韩山师范学院外语系执笔人: 张若兰一. 课程基本信息1. 课程中文名称：英语修辞学2. 课程英文名称：English Rhetoric3. 课程类别：任选4. 适应专业：英语（师范类）本科5. 总学时：366. 总学分：2二．本课程在教学计划中的地位、作用和任务《英语修辞学》是为英语专业高年级学生开设的一门专业任意选修课。
该课程通过系统的讲授，使学生掌握英语修辞的基本原理及其应用，从而达到写作时语言更加贴切，意义更加清晰，表达更加生动；阅读时更加准确地理解作者的写作意图、文体风格和写作技巧，从本质上了解英语，掌握英语，提高阅读能力、写作能力和文学欣赏水平和语言修养。
三．教学内容与教学基本要求教学内容:Chapter One：Syntactic Devices (句法辞格) (6课时)本章内容包括：1．长句和短句(Long and short sentences)；2．简单句(The simple sentence)；3．复合句(The compound sentence)；4．分枝句(Branching sentences)；5．主动和被动句(The active and the passive voiced sentences)；6．平衡句(Syntactic schemes of balance)----排比句(parallelism)；对偶句(antithesis)；逆转反复句(chiasmus)；7．倒装句(Syntactic scheme of inversion)----省略句(ellipsis)；局部省略句(fragmentary elliptical sentence)；连词省略/散珠(asyndeton)；跳脱(aposiopesis)；8．添加句（Syntactic scheme of addition or insertion）----连词叠用(polysyndeton)；修正法/换语(epanorthosis)；注释法(exegesis)；扩充法(exergasia) ；并列法(apposition) ；插入法(parenthesis)；9．反复句(Syntactic scheme of repetition)---二项式(binomials)；三项式(trinomials)；多项式(catalogues)；首语重复(syntactic anaphora)；尾语重复(syntactic epiphorea)；首尾语重复(syntactic framing)；10．层进与突降(Syntactic scheme of climax and anticlimax)----(climax)；(anticlimax or bathos)11．修辞问句(Rhetoric question)；12．顿呼(Apostrophe)。
普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材现代英语修辞学Moder n English Rhetor ic胡曙中编著上海外语教育出版社图书在版编目(CIP)数据现代英语修辞学/胡曙中编著.—上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004ISBN7-81095-185-8Ⅰ.现…Ⅱ.胡…Ⅲ.英语修辞教材Ⅳ.H315中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2004)第014498号早在1982年,我的导师杨小石先生有意要编一本适合我国英语专业使用的英语修辞学教材,为此,他邀请了包括我在内的三位教师一起参加编写,我们商定了编写大纲,也作了具体的分工。
我当时只有35岁,对编写这么一本教材的困难程度并不清楚,但却凭着一股劲,居然勉强地完成了自己那一部分,但是由于他们未能完成自己的部分,我的那一部分最后也就不了了之了。
从那时到现在,时间过去了20多年。
在这20多年中,我读了一些书,作了一些研究,从《英汉修辞比较研究》、《美国新修辞学》到《英语修辞学》,我走了过来。
坦诚地说,前面走过的路不都是一步一个脚印的,但就在这步履艰难的过程中,我逐渐知道了什么是英语修辞,知道了如何来阐释和应用英语修辞。
现在奉献给大家的这本《现代英语修辞学》,承蒙教育部和有关专家的厚爱,被确定为普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材。
我把这本书写成一本英语修辞学的入门书,是想回答许多学生提出的问题:“什么是英语修辞学?”“英语修辞学是不是就是研究英语写作?”“英语修辞学是英语专业的课程,还是语言学的课程?”我希望我的这本书能较为满意地回答这些问题。
在这儿,我想概括一下本书的各章内容和目的:第0章导论解释英语修辞的种种意义,并说明本书的目的———对英语修辞现象的描述、应用和阐释第1章影响修辞活动的要素论述信息、使用场合、受话者之间的关系,说明语气如何反映其间的关系第2章词汇的修辞描述英语选字遣词的修辞规律及其应用第3章句子的修辞描述英语连词组句的修辞规律及其应用第4章 段落的修辞 描述英语段落构成的修辞规律及其应用第5章 语篇的修辞 描述英语语篇构成的修辞规律及其应用第6章 语篇的种类 描述语篇的种类及其特点第7章 语体 描述作为修辞活动综合体的语体特征第8章 修辞手段 描述修辞布局和辞格的规律第9章 理论阐释 简述主要的英语修辞理论第10章 传统与发展 回顾英语修辞学的传统,预测其发展本书主要适合英语专业高年级学生和研究生使用。
《英语修辞学》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程代码020259课程中文名称英语修辞学课程英文名称English Rhetoric课程性质专业必修学分/学时 2/36适用专业英语专业先修课程无推荐教材（参考书）《英语辞格导论》, 张金泉、周丹主编，华中科技大学出版社，2013年版二、课程简介本课程在吸收、借鉴修辞研究的新方法、新成果的基础上，比较系统的介绍了英语修辞理论及常用修辞手法，使学生掌握英语修辞学及修辞手法的基本知识，提高英语语言素养，作为英语专业高年级课程，本课程具有实践性和实用性。
三、教学目的与基本要求通过本课程，提高学生英语口、笔表达的得体性和艺术性，使之对词语的选用更加贴切、句子表义更加清晰和生动；并通过对经典修辞实例的分析和品读，使学生更准确地理解作者的写作意图、文体风格和写作技巧，从而提高阅读能力和文学欣赏水平。
四、教学进度表讲（章）次各讲标题名称讲授学时教学周安排备注第一讲绪论 2 1第二讲音韵修辞格 4 2-3第三讲语义修辞格 22 4-15 期中考试占2学时第四讲句法修辞格 4 16-17第五讲总结 2 18（注：以讲或章为单位对教学内容做出学时要求安排。
）五、考核方式和成绩评定办法1、考核方式：闭卷考；2、成绩评定办法：平时成绩（包括课堂表现、提交作业、考勤）占30%，期中考试占10%，期末考试占60%六、内容提要第一周英语修辞学概述教学目的：1）了解修辞学定义及修辞学研究的历史；2）了解修辞学学习的意义及课程设置教学重点：修辞学研究的对象及意义教学难点：修辞的定义教学方法：讲授为主，结合学生讨论教学内容：1）修辞学定义2）修辞学研究历史概述3）英语辞格介绍4）英语修辞学学习的意义5）本门课程考核方式课后思考题：英专学生学习英语修辞学的意义授课时数:2第二周音韵修辞格（头韵、元韵）教学目的：理解并掌握头韵、元韵概念与具体运用教学重点：头韵教学难点：头韵、元韵的具体运用教学方法：教师讲授、学生讨论、课堂联系presentation相结合教学内容：1）头韵定义及修辞实例赏析2）元韵定义及修辞实例赏析授课时数：2第三周音韵修辞格（押韵、拟声）教学目的：理解并掌握押韵、拟声的概念与具体运用教学重点：押韵教学难点：押韵、拟声的具体运用教学方法：教师讲授、学生讨论、课堂联系presentation相结合教学内容：1）押韵定义及修辞实例赏析2）拟声定义及修辞实例赏析授课时数：2第四周语义修辞格（摹色）教学目的：理解并掌握摹色的概念与具体运用教学重点：颜色词教学难点：摹色具体运用教学方法：教师讲授、学生讨论、课堂联系presentation相结合教学内容：摹色定义及修辞实例赏析授课时数：2第五周语义修辞格（明喻）教学目的：1）掌握明喻的概念2）掌握明喻的几种常见形式3）了解as...as...类明喻的翻译教学重点：明喻的几种常见形式教学难点：as...as...类明喻的特征及文化内涵教学方法：教师讲授、学生讨论、课堂联系presentation相结合授课时数：2第六周语义修辞格（隐喻）教学目的：1）掌握隐喻的定义2）掌握隐喻的分类3）了解延伸式隐喻的定义教学难点：隐喻的分类教学方法：教师讲授、学生讨论、课堂联系presentation相结合授课时数：2第七周语义层面的修辞格（拟人、双关）教学目的：1）掌握拟人的概念、分类、修辞效果。
从词汇学的角度论英语新词田海鹰【摘要】：语言随着社会生活的变化而变化。
词汇作为语言中最为积极的因素对社会生活的变化尤为敏感。
二十世纪九十年代以来,社会经济、政治、科学、技术和教育领域发生了巨大的变化。
新的词语和表达方式也随着社会生活中出现的新事物、新观念而产生。
英语语言中涌现了大量反映新事物的词汇和表达手法。
本文拟从词汇学的角度,采用构词法理论及FU DGE衡量准则研究英语新词这一语言现象。
所谓新词是指新创造的词语或表达方式,或是在原有的意思上衍生新意的词语。
随着语言的发展,新词会被接纳为已有词汇的一部分,否则就会被淘汰而消失。
新词能否成为已有词汇的一部分取决于很多因素。
英语中几乎每天都会有新词产生,但却只有少数新词可能被收录到词典中成为我们日常词汇的一部分。
为什么只有这少数新词被收录?我们有没有可能判断一个新词能否得到社会的广泛认可成为既有词汇的一部分?又是哪些因素决定了新词的去留?有关新词研究的书籍和文章很多,但是大部分的研究主要针对新词构词结构,只有少数讨论新词能否被社会语言接受最终收录到词典。
本文作者通过对大量新词及其产生背景的研究论述了上述几个问题。
对于语言的学习者我们不仅仅要教授语言中已有的词汇,同样还要教给学生方法帮助他们理解英语中出现的新词新语。
水平较好的学生还应该掌握被收录到词汇中的这些新词的产生方法和构词的规则。
对于构词规则的了解有助于学生增加现有的词汇量。
为此本文拟从五个章节深入研究英语新词。
论文简介部分主要介绍了英语新词研究的目的和意义。
接下来第一章是英语新词研究的理论阐述,包括词语的定义、新词的定义以及研究的背景。
论文第二章,系统全面地介绍了英语新词产生的原因、形式及分类。
论文第三章,全面阐述了英语新词产生的途径方法;在第四章,作者用大量的文字论述了英语新词能否被社会接受并最终收录到字典中去的几个决定因素,提出了FUDGE衡量准则。
然后作者通过应用FUDGE衡量准则详细的分析了大量的最新英语词汇。
英语修辞学一、课程说明课程编号：180138Z10课程名称：英语修辞学/English Rhetorics课程类别：专业教育（选修）课学时/学分：32学时/2学分先修课程：议论文写作适用专业：英语专业教材、教学参考书：教材：自编教材教学参考书：Bizzell, Patricia. The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical Times to the Present. Boston, MA: Bedford/St Martin’s, 2001.Harris, Robert. Writing with Clarity and Style: A Guide to Rhetorical Devises for Contemporary Writers. Pyrczak Pub., 2002.Mcguigan, Brendan. Rhetorical Devises: A Handbook and Activities for Student Writers. Prestwick House, Inc., 2007.Samuelsen, Patricia. The Writer’s Toolbox: Use Rhetorical Devises to Improve Communication. Sweetwater Publishing, 2011.冯翠华.《英语修辞大全》. 外语教学与研究出版社，2005.兰纯.《修辞学：理论与实践》.外语教育与研究出版社，2013.二、课程设置的目的与意义作为英语专业选修课程，本课程设置的目的在于帮助学生掌握修辞理论和修辞手段，从而从修辞的角度提高对英语语言的理论认知。
修辞学是一门跨学科的课程，广泛吸收了哲学、文学、心理学领域的理论知识，是英语语言研究重要的一个分支。
修辞理论知识是英语专业学生和学者听、说、读、写、译等语言活动起着重要的指导作用。
《英语修辞学》课程教学大纲一、说明适用专业四年制本科英语专业语言文学方向先修课程高级英语总学时32总学分2（一）本课程的目的、要求（1）使学生较系统地了解英语修辞产生的原因及其对提高语言表现力的重要作用认识，增强对英语的理解能力，提高恰当运用英语语言的交际能力。
（2）使学生学会从修辞的观点出发，从英语语言现象入手，对其内涵进行分析，初步掌握对语言进行研究、分析和比较的方法。
（3）使学生掌握各种主要的修辞手段，提高实践中运用英语的能力和理解与欣赏英语文学作品的能力。
（二）内容选取和实施中注意的问题（1）本课程应坚持理论与实践相结合的原则，适当介绍修辞理论，重点讲述实用性内容，要求学生运用所学理论分析语言实例。
（2）突出重点、兼顾一般。
在选取内容上要注意以语音、词汇、句子三级修辞方法为重点，其中又应以喻类辞格为重点。
（3）学生对明喻比较熟悉，可以略而不讲或只作为隐喻的比较对象略谈。
（4）培养学生对语言的观察能力，让学生自己寻找例句并作出说明，以加深对所学内容的理解。
（5）大纲中不带“*”号的内容属于基本内容，带“*”号内容可讲可不讲。
（三）教学方法（1）教师为主导、学生为中心。
防止教师一言堂，要在教师指导下，发挥学生的学习主动性。
（2）理论与实践相结合，课堂讲授与学生分析讨论相结合。
（四）考核方式本课程为考查课程，采用口头与笔头相结合的方式:（1）口头方式主要以课堂提问和课堂讨论表现情况为考核依据。
（2）笔头方式主要以学生平时笔头作业完成情况和课程结束时笔头测验成绩为考核依据。
（3）口头考核成绩占40%，笔头考核成绩占60%。
（五）教学内容与学时分配教学章节教学内容学时安排备注1修辞学定义22西方修辞学简史44词语的选择35句子的选择27语音类修辞格48-9句法类修辞格610语义类修辞格611逻辑类修辞格4机动2测验二、大纲内容Chapter 1 What Is Rhetoric?1.1 Rhetoric and oratory1.2 Connotation of rhetoric1.3 Definitions of rhetoric1.4 Five assumptions说明和要求:（1）了解修辞与演说之间的关系（2）修辞学的定义Chapter 2 Brief History of Western Rhetoric2.1 Classical rhetoric (5th c. B.C.---5th c. A.D.)2.2 Rhetoric in the Middle Ages (5th---14th c.)*2.3 Rhetoric in the Renaissance (15th---16th c.)*2.4 New Classical Rhetoric (17th---19th c.)2.5 Contemporary Rhetoric说明和要求:（1）了解西方修辞学产生与发展的历史（2）了解亚里士多德等学者对西方修辞学的贡献（3）了解当今修辞学发展的现状和主要趋势Chapter 4 Choice of Words4.1 Use suitable words4.2 Denotation and connotation4.3 General words and specific words4.4 Abstract words and concrete words4.5 Short words and long words说明和要求:（1）了解词的本义与衍生义（2）了解概括词与特指词的语用功能（3）了解抽象词和具体词的语用功能（4）了解大词和小词的来源和对语体色彩的影响Chapter 5 Choice of Sentences5.1 Types of sentences5.2 Long and short sentences说明和要求:（1）了解不同句子结构的修辞作用（2）了解长句和短句的语用功能Chapter 7 Phonetic Figures of Speech7.1 Alliteration7.2 Assonance7.3 Consonance7.4 Onomatopoeia7.5 Aposiopesis7.6 Apostrophe7.7 Pun说明和要求:（1）本部分从语音在语言中的地位讲起，适当介绍语音学方面的知识，重点提示音韵法在诗歌中所起的重要作用及其对散文、广告等各语体的影响。
Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.第一部分：Figures of Resemblance and RelationshipSimile(明喻) Metaphor(暗喻) (隐喻) Metonymy(转喻) (借代)Synecdoche（提喻）Personification（拟人）Antonomasia （换称）一Simile(明喻)Simile：(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. Simile is a comparison between two different things that resemble each other in at least one way. In formal prose the simile is a device both of art and explanation, comparing an unfamiliar thing to some familiar thing (an object, event, process, etc.) known to the reader.1. Simile通常由三部分构成：本体（tenor or subject）,喻体（vehicle or reference）和比喻词（comparative word or indicator of resemblance）。
现代大学英语5册修辞解释（1、4、5、9四单元）第一篇：现代大学英语5册修辞解释(1、4、5、9四单元)1.Where do we go from here?<1>,as long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free.Antithesis: mind vs.body;enslaved vs.free.对仗手法<2>psychological freedom is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.Metaphor: comparing the long history of slavery to a long night.The word” night” is used here to indicate a period of darkness and gloom, a period of moral degeneration.<3>,love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.Antithesis: the speaker works on the two words ”love” and “power” in order to bring out the contrast.<4>what is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic.Parallel structure<5>power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.Parallel structure<6>wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.Metaphor<7>it is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars.Simile<9>without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don’t solve answers that don’t answer and explanations that don’t explain.Paradox and parallel structure<10>you may murder a murder but you cannot murder murderAntithesis and parallel structure<11> and I have seen too much hate… too great a burden to bear.Parallel<12>we are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life’s marketplace.Metaphor<13> let us be dissatisfied…①parallel structure②antithesis: Dark yesterday vs.bright tomo rrow③metaphor and simile④biblical allusion(典故)⑤anaphora(首语重复法)<14>there will be those methods when the buoyancy(浮力，轻快的心情)of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair.Antithesis<15> when our days become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantism mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows.Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends towards justice.①metaphor ②antithesis ③paradox4.Professions for womenMetaphor（暗喻）（1）killing the angel in the house（2）The process of fishing is compared to the process of creative writing.(58页中间)（3）Not only space for living,but also space for creative activity.Here a room is compared to freedom,while the house is compared to the whole society.（58页下面）Metonymy（转喻）“the White House” for “the president”, “the crown” for “the king” or for “the queen”5.Love is a fallacy<1>it is not often that one so young has such a giant intellectHyperbole夸张<2>it is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.Antithesis对仗对偶, “beautiful dumb” and “smart” are balanced against “ugly smart” and “beautiful”<3>back and forth his head swiveled旋转, desire waxing, resolution waningAntithesis对仗对偶, “desire waxing” is balanced against “resolution waning”<4>… he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coatHyperbole,夸张it’s an exaggeration to describe h is longing for the coat as “mad lust”<5>I will wander the face of earth, s shambling, and hollow-eyed hulkHyperbole（夸张）1.Metaphor(para.5)a giant intellect(para.34)the field would be open(para.61)the size of my task(para.78)a wave of despair(para.98)the extinct crater in her mind;embers;flame(para.118)a glimmer of intelligence(para.138)the tide of panic3.metonymy 转喻(para20)My brain, the precision instrument, slipped into high gear.The precision instrumentmy brain is compared to an instrumentGearmy brain is compared to a machine.4.antithesis 对仗对偶(para27)It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dump girl smart than to make an ugly smart girlbeautiful.Smartdump;beautifulugly(para.50)… desire waxing;resolution waning5.alliteration 押头韵(pa ra.23)…let my heart rule my head(para.50)… desire waxing;resolution waning6.parallelism 排比(para.25-para.27)Beautiful she was.Gracious she was.Intelligent she was not7.Hyperbole夸张(para.42)he repeated fifteen of twenty times8.Parody仿拟:(para.53)“What’s Polly to me or me to Polly?”---“Hamlet”第二幕第二场:”What’s Hecuba to him or him to Hecuba that should weep for her?”(para.97)a logic-proof heade.g.water-proof;dust-proof;shock-proof9.allusion 用典Pygmalion: the sculpture loved by his creatorFrankenstein: the creature who destroyed his creator10.Simile(para.147)bellowing like a bull9.The way to rainy mountainMetaphor…and in summer the prairie is an anvil’s edge.(paragraph 1) personificationAt a distance in July or August the steaming foliage seems almost writhe in fire.(paragraph 1)Simile…popping up like corn to sting the flesh.(paragraph 1)synecdoche metaphorMy grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years, but she must have known from birth the affliction of defeat, the dark brooding of old warriors.(paragraph 3)Metonymy…and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground.(paragraph 4)SimileThe skyline in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods and deep cleavages of shade.(paragraph 6) AlliterationThis is a perfect freedom in the mountains, but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear.(paragraph 6) The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness.(paragraph 6) SimileThe great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon the grain like water, dividing light.(paragraph 7) Simile…they could see the dark lees of the hills at dawn across the Bighorn River, the profusion of light on the grain shelves, the oldest deity ranging after the solstices.(paragraph 7)simile personificationAt the top of a ridge I caught sight of Devil’s Tower upthrust against the gray sky as if in the birth of time the core of the earth had broken through its crust and the motion of the world was begun.(paragraph 8)MetonymyThere are things in nature that engender an awful quiet in the heart of man;Devil’s Tower is one of them.(paragraph 8) SynecdocheMetonymyThere, in a very little while, wood takes on the appearance of great age.(paragraph 11)SynecdocheMetaphorThe windowpanes are black and opaque;you imagine there is nothing within, and indeed there are many ghosts, bones given up to the land.(paragraph 11)AlliterationThe aged visitors who came to my gr andmother’s house when I was a child were made of lean and leather and they bore themselves upright.Metonymy… the scars of old and cherished enmities(paragraph 12)…battles that took place in the past and were remembered fondly by those old warriors MetaphorPersonification Now there is a funeral silence in the rooms, the endless wake of some final word.(paragraph 14)SimileMy line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil.(paragraph 14)SynecdochemetaphorThere, where it ought to be, at the end of a long and legendary way, was my grandmother’s grave.Here and there on the dark stones were ancestral names.Looking back once, I saw the mountain and came away.第二篇：现代大学英语6 修辞总结高英II 修辞总结Unit 1 : 1.Satire:1)This is associated with the names of David Ricardo, a stockbroker, and Thomas Robert Maltus, a divine.2)Murray is the voice of Spencer our time;he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles.2.Irony:1)This is, in some ways, an admirable solution.2)Couples in love should repair to R.H.Macy’s, not their bedrooms 3)```SocialDarwinism came to be considered a bit too cruel.4)It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetorical preoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise.5)In the enduring words of Professor Milton Friedman, people mustbe “free to choose”.6)All, save perhaps the last, are great inventive descent formBentham, Malthus, and Spencer.3.Critical attitude: The only form of discrimination that is still permissinle```is discrimination against people who work for the federal government, especially on social welfare activities.Unit 2: 1.Simile:1)Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling, and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids.2)The burly arms of the oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads.3)The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake, but``` 2.Foreshadowing: I heard that countless human skeletons were left bare in his bayouonce when a hurricane blew the water out.3.Suggestion: He had secluded himself in this remote area of the Everglades because he was not welcome elsewhere;from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial,```4.Understatement: There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters, and there was a murderer for our nearest and only neighbor, about thirty miles away.5.Quotation :(a legend): But these marks o wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song.parison: 1)King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day.2)With the weight of this new stillness on it, this seal.Unit 3:1.Allusion: Like Creation, the portending global events arecosmic: Theychange the relationship between the planet Earth and its star, the sun.2.Metaphor: 1)It is not so much a battle cry for one side or the other,as a design for negotiating and end to suicidal war—for making peace with the planet.2)How all my town territory would be altered, as if alandslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.3.Pun: But unlike the conventional marketplace, which deals ingoods—things that serve a useful purpose—this scheme creates a marketplace in “bads”—things that are not only useless but often deadly.Unit 4:1.Personification: Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and apresence—the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby.3.Alliteration: She did not ask me—was it delicacy or disapproval? 4.(通感)：1)All afternoon while the men were gone I was full of happyenergy.(happy 实际上是用来修饰“我”)4.Parallel structure: Against the belief in the all-encompassing power of singleexplanation, against```, against```(unit 5)Unit 6:1.Pseudo-serious tone: The creams, slightly muffled by oil,```as thoughtorture were being carried out but they didn’t last long: It was all over rather suddenly, and, his legs released, thepig righted himself.2.Biblical allusion:1)From then until the time of his death I held the pig steadily in the bowl of my mind;2)The pig’s lot and mine inextricably bound now, as thoughthe rubber tube were the silver cord.3.Alliteration: But even so, there was a directness and dispatch about animal burial.4.Symbolize: He had evidently become precious to me, not that he represented a distant nourishment in a hungry time, but that he had suffered in a suffering world.(对作者来说，the suffering of the pig symbolizes the suffering of human beings.)5.Humorous:1)The frequency of our trips down the footpath through the orchardto the pig yard delighted him, although he suffers greatly arthritis, moves with difficulty, and would be bedridden if he could find anyone willing to serve him meals on the tray.2)I have come to believe that there is in hostesses a special power of divination, and that they deliberately arrange dinners to coincide with pig failure or some other sort of failure.(humorously accuses the hostesses)3)This was slapstick—the sort of dramatic treatment that instantlyappealed to my old dachund, Fre,```presided at the interment.4)This uncertainty afflicts me with a sense of personal determination;if I were in decent health I would know how many nights I had sat up with a pig.6.Parallel structure:1)```with the fog shutting in every night, scaling for a few hours inmid-day, then creeping back again at dark, drifting in first over the trees on the point, then```2)```everything about the last scene seemed overwritten—the dismalsky, the shabby woods, the imminence of rain, the worm`` 第三篇：现代大学英语精读第5册1-7翻译Lesson 1 Where Do We Go from Here 1.一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个善意的谎言要好。
