2019年6月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试一级笔译实务真题(人事部CATTI考试)

2019年6月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《口译实务》试题Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points) Passage 1 When I came here last year, it was 9 months after the agreement was signed by OPEC members and non-OPEC countries. Now we have been out of 3 years of recession. cooperation between 25 countries has helped bring back stability, having a positive impact on world economy and trade. In the past 20 months, the change in the situations is like day and night.However, it’s not the time for us to rest on the su ccess. We should continue to build a healthy and stable market. Despite the recovery, there are still factors that are out of our control: geopolitical crises, disputes between countries and natural disasters. It is important for us to handle these risks and it is crucial to the market in the short term and in the long term.We are in support of the Paris Agreement, which is the most important document about climate change and sustainable energy. Historically, people think renewable energy is the only choice for the future, but I think this idea is misleading. Actually, we need a diversity of energy sources, rather than just one source.New renewable energy sources like solar and wind power are developing rapidly and the share of hydroelectric power remains stable.By 2040, renewable energy will account for 19% in the global energy mix. Nuclear power will represent 6%. That means 3/4 of the energy supply will have to be found elsewhere. So oil is still important. Global energy demand is predicted to increase by 30%, in order to meet the needs of economic development and increased population. 3 billion people need energy for cooking, and there are still 1 billion people lacking electricity. Energy supply can have no holidays. It is a 24h service. Energy supply has to be reliable, stable and sustainable. Passage 2What is human resources capital index? It is a statistic tool for measuring how a country prepares its people for the challenges in the future. We can’t wait any more,though I know some countries may not feel happy about its ranking.In the past years, many countries have invested much in infrastructure, such as roads, bridges and airports. This is because the social and political benefits of investment in infrastructure are apparent. However, it takes years to see the benefits of investment in human resources, so there is a great gap in countries’ investment in human resources capital, and the gap is likely to widen.The focus of our index is to ask 3 questions: first, how many children in a country can live to 5 years old? second, after reaching the age of 5, how many children go to school? third, when these young people go tothe job market, how many have received sufficient training, which lays a good foundation for live-long learning. If children are provided with nutritious food and good health care, they will then request advanced education. However, in many countries, children face chronic lack of nutritious food, health care and school. If their brains don’t develop fully, later when they enter the job market they will be in a disadvantageous situation.If a country doesn’t invest in human resources capital, its economic output cannot increase, and it cannot compete with other countries. Most of my life has been spent on investment in human resources capital in developing countries, and I have seen how the lack of investment in human resources capital has brought miseries. We call on donors to contribute more to these developing countries. However, we should also recognize that the huge needs cannot be met just by foreign aide. It is more important that the developing countries improve their own ability.Investment in human resources capital is important. Developing countries should improve air quality, provide clean water, school bus service, health care and social security.Section 2: Chinese-English translation(汉译英)(50points) Passage 1改革开放40年来，中国的经济发展取得了巨大成就，已经成为世界第二大经济体。

2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译试题导读：本文2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译试题，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。

1.他喜欢这些聚会，喜欢与年轻人交往并就各种问题交换意见。

(to rub shoulders with )He loves gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchanges opinions on various subjects.2.几分钟以后，大家才领悟他话中的含意。

(sink in )It was after a few minutes that his words sank in.3.土壤散发着青草味的气息。

(to smell of )The soil smells of fresh grass.4.我可以占用你几分钟时间吗?(to spare)Could you spare me a few minutes?5.你能匀出一张票子给我吗?( to spare )Could you spare me a ticket?6.那个上了年纪的灰头发的人是铜匠。

( by trade)That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.7. Dulley Field Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat."达德利·费尔德·马隆把对我的判决说成是“虽败犹荣”。

8. The oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and DulleyField Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices in the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.由克拉伦斯·达罗和达德利·费尔德·马隆在代顿小镇的小法庭上掀起的那场辩论风暴宛如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，随之而来的是随着时光流逝而日益增多的知识和学术自由的新风貌。

2019年翻译资格考试一级笔译实务试题及答案Orphanages Stunt Mental Growth 1By BENEDICT CAREYPsychologists have long believed that growing up in an institution like an orphanage stunts children's mental development but have never had direct evidence to back it up. Now they do, from an extraordinary years-long experiment in Romania that compared the effects of foster care with those of institutional child-rearing.The study found that toddlers placed in foster families developed significantly higher I. Q.'s by age 4, on average, than peers who spent those years in an orphanage. The difference was large - eight points 2- and the study found that the earlier children joined a foster family, the better they did. Children who moved from institutional care to families after age 2 made few gains on average, though the experience varied from child to child. 3 Both groups, however, had significantly lower I. Q.'s than a comparison group of children raised by their biological families.Some developmental psychologists had sharply criticized the study and its sponsor for researching a question whose answer seemed obvious. But previous attempts to compare institutional and foster care suffered from serious flaws, mainly because no one knew whether children who landed in orphanages were different in unknown ways from those in foster care.Experts said the new study should put to rest any doubts about the harmful effects of Institutionalization 4_ and might help speed up adoptions from countries that still allow them. 5 " Most of us take it as almost intuitive that being in a family is better for humans than being in an orphanage," said a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin, who was not involved in the research. "But other governments don't like to be told how to handle policy issues based on intuition." "What makes this study important," he went on, "is that it gives objective data to say that if you're going to allow international adoptions, then it's a good idea to speed things up and get kids into families quickly. 6 In recent years many countries, including Romania, have banned or sharply restricted American families from adopting local children. In other countries, adoption procedures can drag on for many months. In 2006, Americans adopted 20,679 children from abroad, more than half of them from China, Guatemala and Russia.The researchers approached Romanian officials in the late 1990s about conducting the study.The country had been working to improve conditions at its orphanages, which became infamous in the early 1990s as Dickensian warehouses for abandoned children. After gaining clearance from the government, the researchers began to track 136 children who had been abandoned at birth.They administered developmental tests to the children, and then randomly assigned them to continue at one of Bucharest's six large orphanages, or join an adoptive family. The foster families were carefully screened and provided "very high-quality care".On I. Q. tests taken at 54, months, the foster children scored an average of 81, compared to 73 among the children who continued in an institution 8.The children who moved into foster care at the youngest ages tended to show the most improvement, the researchers found. The comparison group of youngsters who grew up in their biological families had an average I. Q. of 109 at the same age. "Institutions and environments vary enormously across the world and within countries," "but I think these findings generalize to many situations, from kids in institutions to those in abusive households and even bad foster care arrangements." In setting up the study, the researchers directly addressed the ethical issue of assign/ng children to institutional care, which was suspected to be harmful. "If a government is to consider alternatives to institutional care for abandoned children, it must know how the alternative compares to the standard care it provides." they wrote.Any number of factors common to institutions could work to delay or blunt intellectual development, experts say: the regimentation, the indifference to individual differences in children's habits and needs; andmost of all, the limited access to caregivers, who in some institutions can be responsible for more than 20 children at a time. The evidence seems to say that for humans, kids need a lot of responsive care giving, an adult who recognizes their distinct cry, knows when they're hungry or in pain, and gives them the opportunity to crawl around and handle different things, safely, when they're ready.词汇1.foster care家庭领养2.institutional child-rearing机构收养3.orphanage孤儿院parison group对比组5.biological families亲生父母6.developmental psychologists发展心理学家7.adoption procedures领养手续8.Guatemala危地马拉9.screen筛选10.ethical issue伦理问题11.abandoned children弃童12.blunt使缓慢13.responsive care giving及时的关爱14.distinct cry独特的需求注释1.标题宜简洁。

一、英译汉（节选自《卫报》） In December 2015, British publishing stood accused of woeful blindness to diversity, and not for the first time, after World Book Night announced its titles, and none of the 15 books was by a writer of colour. An apology was issued by organisers but a wider malaise had already set in, and along with it, thetroubling feeling that WBN’s oversight was less an isolated incident and more a recurring pattern of exclusion that stretched across theliterary establishment. A report on the state of the books industry had been published earlier that year by the development agency Spread the Word, which drew attention to how intransigently white, middle-class and male remained, from literary festivals and prizes to publications and personnel. The industry has been announcing strategies for change since 2015. Publishing houses have rolled out paid internships, mentoring schemes and traineeships to attract socially under-represented and BAME (black, Asian, minority ethnics) applicants on an unprecedented scale, as well as creating opportunities for women to move into boardrooms. To name a few recent initiatives: Penguin Random House is offering interest-free rent loans to draw more applicants from outside London and has set a company goal “for allnew hires and the books we acquire to reflect UK society by 2025 in terms of social mobility, ethnicity, gender, disability, and sexuality”. Harper Collins is launching programmes for BAME employees and those taking long-term parental leave, while Hachette is encouraging diversity at an executive level in a mentoring scheme with board members. Some schemes show promising signs. Penguin’s scheme connects aspiring writers from socially excluded communities to agents, editors and authors, is helping to demystify these professions. It appears to be a turning point for British publishing, and yet those who have been around for long enough feel a profound sense of disappointment because there have been mentorship schemes and initiatives before, yet the industry has always failed to maintain the diversity it achieves. And where some publishers continue to reach for “schemes” or blame blockages elsewhere in the pipeline, independent publishers have long been weavinginclusivity into their lists without the need for formal targets or traineeships. Margaret Busby, the writer and pioneering publisher, regards the endeavour for better representation in publishing as a Sisyphean struggle begun decades ago and still no closer to being won. Mainstream publishing, she says, is too institutionalised in its biases to be corrected by a few new authors or schemes. In the 1980s she helped to found a group that campaigned to diversify the industry. An article she wrote in 1988 posed questions that are still being asked today, such as: “What are publishers doing to make their companies a more accurate reflection of their lists, readers and society?” Decades later, “What’s happening now is more initiatives,” Busby says. “But the problem can’t be solved withinitiatives.” She believes the struggle for better representation in publishing is no closer to being won. There is overwhelming agreement among excluded communities that systemic change can only happen when inclusivity is filtered upwards. There is not yet gender parity on boards, even though women outnumber men in the industry; a lack of social diversityis one of its most stubborn problems. 二、汉译英（中国商用飞机公司文化简介） 我公司是经国务院批准成立，由国家控股的有限责任公司。

2019年全国1卷英语真题翻译(可编辑修改word版)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2019年全国1卷英语真题翻译(可编辑修改word版)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为2019年全国1卷英语真题翻译(可编辑修改word版)的全部内容。

卷1-阅读译文第二部分阅读理解第一节A这个夏天你需要一份工作吗？省政府及其合作伙伴提供许多项目帮助学生找暑期工作。

因项目不同截至日期和所需申请有所不同。

你不是学生？访问政府网站，一年到头都可以了解哪些项目和在线工具帮助30岁以下的人培养技能，找到工作或者创业项目。

为年轻人提供的工作如果你是住在这个省的青少年，你的条件有可能符合下面的项目，该项目提供八周的带薪工作并提供培训。

谁有资格:选定社区内的15-18岁的青少年。

暑期公司暑期公司为学生提供实际业务培训，开办暑期公司的奖金最高可达3000美元。

谁有资格：15-29岁秋季返回学校继续学业的学生.青少年管理计划你可以申请成为管理员，这暑期在当地自然资源管理项目中工作八周。

谁有资格：入职时年满16或者17岁，但在今年12月31日前未满18岁的学生。

暑期就业机会通过暑期就业机会项目，学生每年能在省级公共服务机构、或其相关机构、社区团体中担任暑期职位。

谁有资格：年龄满15岁或者以上的学生。

有些职位要求年龄在15-24岁之间，或者29岁以上的身患残疾的学生。

B今天是纽约帕乔格迦南小学二年级学生的演讲日,现在轮到Chris Palaez了。

这个八岁的孩子是班里的王牌。

长着一对闪亮的黑色眼睛，他看上去是那种很喜欢公开演讲的孩子。

2019年6月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试二级口译实务真题(人事部CATTI考试)2019年6月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试二级口译实务真题(人事部CATTI考试)2019年6月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试二级口译实务真题(人事部CATTI考试)是一份重要的考试资料，对于想要通过CATTI考试的翻译人员来说，具有非常重要的参考价值。

本文将对这份真题进行详细的解析和分析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考试内容。

一、考试概述2019年6月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试二级口译实务真题(人事部CATTI考试)是一份由人事部组织的翻译考试，旨在测试考生的口译能力和实际应用能力。

该考试分为笔试和口试两个部分，其中口试部分是考生最需要关注的部分。

二、考试内容2019年6月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试二级口译实务真题(人事部CATTI考试)的口试部分共分为三个部分，分别是听力理解、口头表达和交际能力。

具体内容如下：1. 听力理解听力理解部分是考试的第一部分，主要测试考生的听力理解能力。

考生需要听取一段录音，并根据所听到的内容回答问题。

该部分共有三篇录音，每篇录音后都有一些问题需要回答。

2. 口头表达口头表达部分是考试的第二部分，主要测试考生的口头表达能力。

考生需要根据所听到的内容进行口头表达，表达的内容需要准确、流畅、连贯。

该部分共有两个任务，每个任务需要考生进行一次口头表达。

3. 交际能力交际能力部分是考试的第三部分，主要测试考生的交际能力。

考生需要与考官进行一次模拟对话，考官会提出一些问题，考生需要根据问题进行回答，并与考官进行交流。

三、考试难度2019年6月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试二级口译实务真题(人事部CATTI考试)的难度较大，需要考生具备较高的英语水平和口译能力。

听力理解部分需要考生具备较强的听力理解能力，口头表达部分需要考生具备较强的口头表达能力，交际能力部分需要考生具备较强的交际能力。

四、备考建议为了更好地备考2019年6月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试二级口译实务真题(人事部CATTI考试)，考生需要做好以下几点准备：1. 提高英语水平英语是考试的主要语言，考生需要具备较高的英语水平才能更好地完成考试。

Sección I TraducciónParte1.Traducción del español al chino(西译汉)Por lo general,los políticos españoles han carecido casi siempre de sentido del humor.Otra cosa muy distinta son los británicos:recuérdense los discursos de Winston Churchill en los Comunes,llenos de ironías y sarcasmos,a pesar de que por entonces Londres pasaba sus más trágicos momentos,asolada por los bombardeos alemanes.O aquella vez que la reina de Inglaterra llegóen viaje oficial a Estados Unidos. El entonces Presidente Bush le dio la bienvenida en el aeropuerto pronunciando las palabras de rigor ante un micrófono;después,como manda el protocolo,le respondióIsabel II.Pero como Bush era mucho más alto,el micrófono,que no había sido bajado, tapaba el rostro de Su Graciosa Majestad,de la que sólo se vio en las pantallas de televisión su gran sombrero.Al día siguiente acudióla reina al Congreso;allíle habían colocado el micrófono a su altura.Y comenzóel discurso diciendo:Espero que hoy me puedan ver todos ustedes.Naturalmente,se ganóuna ovación de los congresistas,que agradecieron cumplidamente el rasgo de humor de la soberana británica.Semejantes ocurrencias no son frecuentes entre la clase política de este país. Durante muchos años,ministros,senadores y diputados han preferido lucir un semblante severo,un gesto adusto y se han manifestado con enorme grandilocuencia, como si hablar de manera engolada,altisonante y,en muchas ocasiones,críptica,les concediese mayor prestigio ante el honrado ciudadano de a pie.No hay más que ver, en las páginas de brillante papel couchéde los viejos semanarios,los retratos de aquellas Señorías:con sus levitas,sus chisteras,sus luengas barbas,sus rostros enfurruñados y los ojos siempre cerrados.Claro que eso era por culpa del magnesio que a la sazón usaban los fotógrafos,que deslumbraba al más pintadoNi quédecir tiene que durante la dictadura de don Miguel Prima de Rivera,el humor brillópor su ausencia en la encorsetada vida política de laépoca.Unicamente el marqués de Estella se permitía a veces alguna ironía,como jerezano que era.En cuanto al rey Alfonso XIII,coinciden cuantos le trataron con cierta proximidad que era persona con indudable sentido del o buen madrileño, añaden algunos.Recordando uno de los varios atentados que sufriódurante su reinado,de todos los cuales salióileso,simplemente comentó:Son gajes del oficio.Durante la Segunda República,el Parlamento conocióun lote de diputados de espléndida elocuencia.Eran oradores brillantes,que improvisaban sus discursos y especialmene,sus réplicas,con admirable estilo.Nada de consultar chuletas ni de tartamudear ni de cortarse a mitad de una frase mal pronunciada,como ahora hacen casi todos.Ortega Gasset había dicho,en una intervención en las primeras Cortes constituyentes,cuando todavía estaba movido por la ilusión política:No hemos venido aquía hacer el payaso,el tenor ni el jabalí.Desde entonces,llamóse jabalía ciertos diputados que acudían a las sesiones sencillamente para armar escándalo;y también,a aquellos otros especializados en interrumpir a los oradores con frases hirientes,mordaces,que llegaban a desorientar a quienes peroraban con dramática seriedad.Parte2.Traducción del chino al español(汉译西)国际金融危机的影响继续显现，世界经济发展方式酝酿新的重大变革。

2019年翻译资格考试一级口译练习1The book shows us the progress of a remarkable American, who, through his own enormous energies and efforts, made the unlikely journey from Hope, Arkansas, to the White House---a journey fueled by an impassioned interest in the political process which manifested itself at every stage of his life: in college, working as an intern for Senator William Fulbright; at Oxford, becoming part of the Vietnam War protest movement; at Yale Law School, campaigning on the grassroots level for Democratic candidates; back in Arkansas, running for Congress, attorney general, and governor.We see his career shaped by his resolute determination to improve the life of his fellow citizens, an unfaltering commitment to civil fights, and an exceptional understanding of the practicalities of political life.We come to understand the emotional pressures of his youth--born after his father's death; caught in the dysfunctional relationship between his feisty, nurturing mother and his abusive stepfather, drawn to the brilliant, compelling lady whom he was determined to marry;passionately devoted, from her infancy, to their daughter, and to the entire experience of fatherhood; slowly and painfully beginning to comprehend how his early denial of pained him at times into damaging patterns of behavior.【参考译文】本书向我们展示了一个杰出美国人的成长历程。

人事部翻译资格证书（CATTI）《笔译综合能力》试题及参考答案04.5笔译综合能力.docSection 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)Part 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as requires on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1 The explanation given by the manager yesterday was not at all _____ to us.A. satisfyB. satisfiedC. satisfactoryD. satisfying2 Part of the funds will be used to ____ that old library to its original splendor.A. restB. recoverC. replaceD. restore3 This silk has gone right _____ and we have not sold a single piece of it for weeks.A. out of fadB. out of patternC. out of customD. out of fashion4 The new Personal Digital Assistance contained a large ___ of information about an individual life.A. dealB. amountC. numberD. account5 Primitive superstitions that feed racism should be _____ through education.A. ignoredB. exaltedC. eradicatedD. canceled6. _____ pollution control measures are expensive, many local governments hesitate to adopt them.A. AlthoughB. HoweverC. BecauseD. Moreover7. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, _____ to the body.A. the stress it is greaterB. greater is the stressC. greater stress isD. the greater the stress8. Annie Jump Cannon, _____ discover ed so many stars that she was called “the census taker of the sky.”A. a leading astronomer,B. who, as a leading astronomer,C. was a leading astronomer,D. a leading astronomer who9. Kingdom of Wonders, _____ in 1995 in Fremont, Calif., became an industry legend for two toys: a talking bear and a ray-gun game.A. findB. foundC. foundedD. founding10. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event _____ is equal to the probability that it will not occur.A. occurringB. to occurC. occursD. occur11. Only one-fifth of Americans saw oil as the chief reason that the U.S. made a war on Iraq, but 75 percent of the French and of the Russians believed _____.A. toB. soC. goD. do12. Sadly, while the academic industry thrives, the practice of translation continues to _____.A. stackB. stageC. stagnateD. stamp13. Your blunt treatment of disputes would put other people in a negative frame of _____, with the result that they would not be able to accept your proposal.A. mindB. ideaC. intentionD. wish14. If you are an energetic person with strong views as to the right way of doing things, you find yourself _____ under pressures.A. variablyB. invariablyC. invaluablyD. invalidly15. Uncle Vernon, quite unlike Harry Potter who looked nothing like the rest of the family, was large, very fat, and _____, with an enormous black mustache.A. neck-lessB. neck-laceC. recklessD. rack-less16. Home to _____ and gangsters, officials and laborers, refugees and artists, the city was, in its prime, a metropolis that exhibited all the hues of the human character.A. magnatesB. magnetsC. machineD. magnitudes17. His _____ behavior made everyone nervous. He was always rushing to open doors and perform other small tasks, apologizing unnecessarily for any inconvenience that he might have caused.A. obliviousB. observantC. obsequiousD. obsolescent18. He was completely __________ by her tale of hardship.A. taken awayB. taken downC. taken inD. taken up19. Americans who consider themselves _____ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful.A. pedestrianB. penchantC. patriarchD. patriotic20. As technological advances put more and more time between early school life and the young person's final access to specialized work, the stage of _____ becomes an even more marked and conscious period.A. adolescenceB. adjacencyC. advantageD. adventurePart 2 Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. That boy is suffering from unrequited love and pines away.A. ferventB. obsessiveC. secretD. unreturned22. For a long time in that vast region, this law was in abeyance.A. active useB. doubtC. discussionD. disuse23. A court-martial has but recently decided to acquit him.A. declare he is not guiltyB. upwardly mobileC. excessively overweightD. privately educated24. There are more people who are obese today than 20 years ago.A. gainfully employedB. upwardly mobileC. excessively overweightD. privately educated25. As a conductor, Leonard Bernstein is famous for his intensely vigorous and exuberant style.A. enthusiasticB. nervousC. painfulD. extreme26. When insects feed on decaying plant material in acompost pile, they help turn it into useful garden soil.A. availableB. organicC. distastefulD. decomposing27. Researchers have discovered that dolphins are able to mimic human speech.A. importB. imitateC. impairD. humor28. The dichotomy postulated by many between idealism is one of the standar d clichés of the ongoingdebate over international affairs.A. divisionB. combination of two partsC. disparityD. contradiction29. Attempts have been made for nearly three decades to increase the amount of precipitation from clouds by seeding them with salt or silver iodide.A. DevicesB. HypothesesC. EffortsD. Suggestions30. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.A. supremacyB. authorityC. guidanceD. obedience31. The feeling of competition among the students in all the classrooms where the test was going on wasnoticeable to everyone.A. discordB. discoveryC. rivalryD. cooperation32. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.A. archaicB. sentimentalC. outstandingD. entire33. Many of the electric and electronic products we purchase and consume today are what some industrial experts call “homogeneous toys”.A. identicalB. homosexualC. unrelatedD. distinguishable34. Anthropologist Barbara Myerhoff furthered her reputation as an authority on Native American culture with her study of the symbols, myths, and rituals of the Huichol people.A. deservedB. retainedC. renewedD. Advanced35. This reflects the priority being attached to economic over political activity, partly caused by a growing reluctance to enter acalling blighted by relentless publicity that all too often ends in destroying careers and reputations.A. powerfulnessB. unwillingnessC. renaissanceD. apologeticnessPart 3 Error CorrectionThis part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates an error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.36. An epigram is usually defined being a bright or witty thought that is tersely and ingeniously expressed.A. asB. as beC. as beenD. to being37. Upon completing his examination over the patient, the doctor offered his judgment of her conditions.A. ofB. offC. aboutD. around38. If they spend some time on Chinese history, they will be more able to predict China’s future.A. moreB. ableC. betterD. better able39. When she returned back by abroad, she told us all about her experience as an illegal immigrant.A. byB. backC. fromD. back from40. He was looking impatient at the visiting salesman, who showed no signs of getting readyto leave.A. patientB. patienceC. impatienceD. impatiently41. The recent conference on the effective use of the seas and ocean was another attempt resolving major differences among countries with conflicting interests.A. resolveB. resolvesC. to resolveD. being resolved42. Life insurance, before available only to young, healthy persons, can now be obtained for old people, and even for pets.A. before young, healthy persons available only,B. available only to young, healthy persons before,C. available only to persons young, but more healthy,D. before young and healthy persons only available to,43. Following a year of fast development, by the first quarter of this year, China has had about 1,100e-commerce websites.A. China had about 1,100 e-commerce websites by the end of last MarchB. by the end of the first quarter of this year, China has had about 1,100 e-commerce websitesC. by the end of this recent past March, China has about 1,100 e-commerce websitesD. by the end of this first quarter, China had about 1,100 or so e-commerce websites44. Sino-foreign educational program on business is popular in China now, and the demand for high level interpretation is great.A. programs in enterprises / high level interpretersB. programs in international business / senior interpretersC. program in international biz / senior interpretationsD. programs of business / high-level interpretations45. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don’t have time.A. were against because they said they did notB. were against because they say they don’tC. were against it because they said they did notD. were against coming because they said they don’t46. While it is essential that the text covers the subject adequately, it is also important that it is neither too detailed or too complex for the intended reader.A. forB. norC. noD. not47. Consumer porcelains in Jingdezhen are not selling well inexport market as compared with those made in Liling, Hunan Province and Zibo, Shandong Province.A. on export marketB. in exporting marketC. in exported marketD. in the export market48. It is a market which sales value might be more than 10 billion yuan.A. a market with a sales value that might beB. a market which might be sales valueC. a market with sale value might beD. market with sales might be a value49. As an English major student, I think business English is more practical than other fields.A. a English student / fieldB. a English major student / regionsC. a English major / coursesD. an English student major / sciences50. We should let more young parents and their children can enjoy scientific early education.A. provide more young parents and their children to enjoy early educationB. provide more young parents and their children to enjoy early education and scientificC. provide young parents and their children enjoy more scientific early educationD. provide young parents and their children with more early education servicesSection 2: Reading Comprehension (50 points)In this section you will find after each of the passage anumber of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 70 minutes.Questions 51 — 60 are based on the following passage.Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that t he individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit,correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.51. Social control refers to processes by which ____.A. norms are developedB. norms are enforcedC. people are educated and trainedD. people are rewarded and punished52. Every society has its own ____.A. planned systemsB. controlled normsC. recognized boundaryD. established sanctions53. Informal mechanisms of social control include the following EXCEPT ____.A. a high level of interest in ensuring conformityB. expression of disapproval by significant othersC. withholding of positive rewards for the deviantsD. people’s internalization of norms in socialization54. The most powerful protection against deviance is ____.A. negative sanctionsB. severe punishmentsC. the individual’s conscienceD. unrestrained suppression55. Formal agents of social control include the following EXCEPT ____.A. police stationsB. mental hospitalsC. welfare agenciesD. vocational schools56. The purpose of formal agents is to ____.A. make beneficial rulesB. preserve social ordersC. control violation of normsD. define acceptable behavior57. Which statement about social control agents is NOT true?A. They tend to serve the interest of those who enforce the norms.B. They tend to serve the interest of those who receive a benefit.C. They tend to serve the interest of those who make the rules.D. They tend to serve the interest of those who are powerful.58. According to conflict theorists, social control agents and systems are ____.A. liberalB. partialC. neutralD. overall59. In the third paragraph, “a dual function” refers to ____.A. formal and informalB. rewards and penalitiesC. approval and disapprovalD. clarification and regulation60. The perspective from which the author discusses social control is ____.A. biologicalB. sociologicalC. psychologicalD. anthropologicalEvery group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it if possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seem to possess themachinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degre es of remoteness (“this” and “that”). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.61. Every group of human beings has ____.A. its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of lifeB. an extremely complex and delicate languageC. its own elegant music, literature, and other artsD. the process of growing crops or raising animals62. To the professional linguists, ____.A. there is no intrinsic superiority of culturesB. there is no intrinsic hierarchy of languagesC. all languages came from grunts and groansD. all languages are most severe and standard63. Most languages of uncivilized groups are ____.A. adequateB. numerousC. ingeniousD. ingenuous64. “Backward” languages fall behind Western languages in ____.A. ways to transfer ideasB. forms to satisfy needsC. abilities to answer descriptionD. systems to expand vocabulary65. All languages, whether civilized or not, have their own ____.A. ways to transfer ideasB. forms to satisfy needsC. abilities to answer descriptionD. systems to expand vocabulary66. Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?A. Anthropologists have nothing to do with linguists.B. Linguists have nothing to do with anthropologists.C. The study of languages casts light upon the study ofcultures.D. The study of cultures casts no light upon the study of languages.67. It is implied that all cultures have to be viewed ____.A. profoundlyB. intrinsicallyC. independentlyD. professionally68. According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one to ____.A. do more activitiesB. learn about a new cultureC. meet more peopleD. need more names69. The au thor’s attitude shown in this passage toward “backward” languages is ____.A. restrainedB. subjectiveC. objectiveD. resolute70. This passage is on the whole ____.A. narrativeB. instructiveC. prescriptiveD. argumentativeThe field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks and charlatans — disreputable women and men with little or no medical knowledge who promise quick cures at cheap prices. The reasons why quackery thrives even in modern times are easy to find.To begin with, pain seems to be a chronic human condition.A person whose body or mind “hurts” will often pay any amount of money for the promise of relief. Second, even the best medical treatment cannot cure all the ills that beset men and women. People who mistrust or dislike the truths that their physicians tell them often turn to more sympathetic ears.Many people lack the training necessary to evaluate medical claims. Given the choice between (a) a reputable physician who says a cure for cancer will be long, expensive and may not work at all, and (b) asalesperson who says that several bottles of a secret formula “snake oil” will cu re not only cancer but tuberculosis as well, some individuals will opt for “snake oil”.Many “snake oil” remedies are high ly laced with alcohol or narcotic drugs. Anyone who drinks them may get so drunk or stoned that they drown their pains in the rising tide of pleasant intoxication. Little wonder that “snake oil” is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts! But let there be no misunderstandings.A very few “home remedies” actually work. However, most remedies sold by quacks are not only useless, but often can be harmful as well.71. In this passage, a quack or a charlatan is someone who ____.A. has a special abilityB. has little knowledgeC. is not a good doctorD. pretends to be a doctor72. The sentence “pain seems to be a chronic human condition” means pain seems to ____.A. be very seriousB. be very difficultC. last for a long timeD. be always happening73. Quackery thrives even in modern times because ____.A. patients pay any amount of moneyB. patients do not like their physiciansC. quacks say that they can help patientsD. best medical treatment costs very much74. People who seek the advice of quacks and charlatans are those who ____.A. are poorly educatedB. are highly educatedC. dislike medical treatmentsD. mistrust physicians’ truths75. To evaluate medical claims, one must ____.A. turn to reputable doctorsB. make an adequate choiceC. have the necessary trainingD. disbelieve promise of relief76. According to the author, a very few home remedies are ____.A. uselessB. harmfulC. pleasantD. effective77. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Quacks are really sympathetic.B. “Snake oil” does not work.C. Doctors cannot cure all ills.D. Patients are often impatient.78. Many individuals opt for “snake oil” because they ____.A. are misled by a secret formulaB. cannot afford a treatmentC. lack medical knowledgeD. do not trust physicians79. “Snake oil” is a popular c ure-all for minor aches and hurts because it has ____.A. actually workedB. some fruit stonesC. been misunderstoodD. alcohol or narcotic drugs80. Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?A. Distrust of PhysiciansB. Medical TreatmentC. Snake Oil RemediesD. Guard Against QuackeryModern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact, such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continuing our education throughout our life in order to keep up with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gained an education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunity to begin anew.As a society becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, who compete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skills of the aged areobsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At the same time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they mustoften live in inferior housing. All these factors — retirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of living —lower the status of the aged in society.A century ago, when one could expect to live only to 50 or so, the life span more or less coincided with the occupation and family cycle. But today the average life span allows for fifteen to twenty years of life after these cycles. It appears that our life span is outpacing our usefulness in society.81. By “a system of build-in obsolescence” the author means ___.A. no formal systems exist in modern industrial societyB. old people have no status in modern industrial societyC. young people have chances in modern industrial societyD. knowledge changes rapidly in modern industrial society82. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true?A. People don’t have to gain education.B. People don’t have to learn job sk ills.C. People don’t have to be treated as equals.D. People don’t have chances to begin anew.83. The more highly developed a society is, ____.A. the more advanced technology will beB. the larger the number of people will beC. the more diminished old people’s status will beD. the lower the overall status of the people will be84. The high development of economic technology ____.A. makes job skills out of fashionB. lowers the demand for workersC. forces old people into retirementD. creates new jobs for older people85. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Retired people could only live on fixed incomes.B. Retired people are more skillful than young people.C. Young people are educated in the new technology.D. Young people are keeping pace with rapid changes.86. According to this passage, the status of the aged is lowered by their ____.A. forced retirementB. inferior housingC. longer life spanD. fixed incomes87. The sentence “our life span outpaces our usefulness” m eans we can live longer ____.A. and make progressB. and do more workC. but move slowlyD. but become useless88. The author’s attitude toward the aged is ____.A. realisticB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. sympathetic89. It can be deduced from this passage that one should ____.A. learn new skillsB. be open-mindedC. have a good personalityD. keep pace with the times90. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. The Problem of AgingB. Social StructuresC. Economic TechnologyD. Continuing EducationWhen you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit, with the alpha rhythm predominating for the first few minutes. This is the first stage of sleep. For the next 30 minutes or so, you will drift down through Stage 2 and Stage 3. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. About 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will reach the last stage. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. You may think that you stay at this deep stage all the rest of the night, but that turns out not to be the case. About 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for 8-15 minutes and is called REM sleep.During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed but capable of movement. As you slip into REM sleep, a very odd thing occurs — most of the voluntary muscles in your body become paralyzed. Although your brain shows very rapid bursts of neural activity during REM sleep, your body is incapable of moving. REM sleep is accompanied by extensive muscular inhibition.91. On the part of an average sleeper, there ____ of sleep in cycles.A. is one stageB. are two stagesC. are six stagesD. are four stages92. When a person falls into the state of sleep, his ____.A. eyeballs will roll about a bitB. mind will relax more and moreC. breathing will slow for minutesD. temperature will increase slightly93. The lower your stage of sleep, ____.A. the faster your eyes will roll aboutB. the quieter your breath will becomeC. the slower your brain waves will beD. the higher your temperature will be94. After you have reached the deepest sleep, ____.A. you will stay at the fourth stage the rest of the nightB. you will lose your consciousness for 40-60 minutesC. your brain waves will show the delta rhythmD. your brain waves will show the alpha rhythm95. In the REM sleep, ____.A. the delta rhythm will disappearB. the activity pattern will appearC. something will occur in front of youD. your eyes will begin to dart around96. You will fall into the fourth stage of sleep ____.A. about 80 minutes after you fall into slumberB. some 10 minutes after you fall into REM sleepC. about 40 minutes after you lose consciousness。

2019年6月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》原版真题编辑：李振龙2019年6月CATTI全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试题Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points)Both WHO’s constitution and the declaration assert that health is a human right, not a privilege for those who can afford it. Over time, that right has made its way into both national and international law. But importantly, the right to health is not simply a noble idea on a piece of paper. In the past 70 years, it has been a platform for major improvements in global health. Since 1948, life expectancy has increased by 25 years. Maternal and childhood mortality have plummeted. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio is on the brink. We have turned the tide on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.Deaths from malaria have dropped dramatically. New vaccines have made once-feared diseases easily preventable. And there are many other causes for celebration. But even as we continue to struggle with old threats, new ones have arisen. Climate change will have profound effects on health. Antimicrobial resistance has the potential to undo the gains of modern medicine. Vaccine hesitancy is putting millions of young lives at risk. Noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, lung diseases and mental illnesses have become the major killers of our time. And of course, we continue to face the ever-present threat of outbreaks and other health emergencies. In the past 12 months, WHO has responded to 47 emergencies in 50 countries. As you know, we are currently responding to an outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, very near the border with Uganda. As of today, there have been 373 cases and 216 deaths since the outbreak started in August. So far, we have managed to prevent Ebola from spreading across the border, partly because we hav e much better tools with which to fight Ebola than at any time in history. More than 32,000 people have been vaccinated, which is one of the reasons the outbreak has not spread further than it has. So far, 150 people have been treated with one of four drugs.14 million travelers have been screened, there have been more than 190 safe and dignified burials, we have done door-to-door advocacy in almost 4000 households and we have trained more than 500 community leaders. But this outbreak has been much more difficult ton control, largely because of the security situation in eastern DRC. Armed groups operating in the area conduct regular attacks on the city of Beni, the epicentre of the outbreak. And every time there is an attack, the virus gets an advantage. Vaccination and contact tracing are disrupted.。

2019翻译资格考试一级笔译实务试模拟试题英译汉Orphanages Stunt Mental Growth 1By BENEDICT CAREYPsychologists have long believed that growing up in an institution like an orphanage stunts children's mental development but have never had direct evidence to back it up. Now they do, from an e prove conditions at its orphanages, which became infamous in the early 1990s as Dickensian warehouses for abandoned children. After gaining clearance from the government, the researchers began to track 136 children who had been abandoned at birth.They administered developmental tests to the children, and then randomly assigned them to continue at one of Bucharest's si any situations, from kids in institutions to those in abusive households and even bad foster care arrangements." In setting up the study, the researchers directly addressed the ethical issue of assign/ng children to institutional care, which was suspected to be harmful. "If a government is to consider alternatives to institutional care for abandoned children, it must know how the alternative compares to the standard care it provides." they wrote.Any number of factors common to institutions could work to delay or blunt intellectual development, e 指前面提到的adoptions领养行为(而非执行领养行为的人)，结合后文，可以理解指的是跨国领养。

翻译专业考试德语一级笔译实务样题(人事部CATTI考试)翻译专业考试德语一级笔译实务样题(人事部CATTI考试)题目：人工智能时代的翻译行业发展在当今全球化的潮流下，语言交流的需求不断增加，翻译行业也逐渐发展壮大。

特别是在人工智能时代的背景下，翻译行业面临着许多新的挑战和机遇。

本文将探讨人工智能对翻译行业的影响以及如何应对。

一、人工智能的发展与应用随着人工智能技术的迅速发展，翻译行业也开始逐渐受到其影响。

人工智能翻译技术在各类翻译软件和在线翻译平台中得到广泛应用。

通过机器学习和自然语言处理等技术手段，人工智能翻译系统可以实现自动翻译，并且在一些特定领域的翻译任务上取得了较好的效果。

然而，尽管人工智能翻译的准确度有所提升，但与人工翻译相比，仍存在一定的局限性。

二、人工智能与人工翻译的结合在实际应用中，人工智能翻译和人工翻译并非完全对立，而是可以相互结合。

人工智能翻译系统可以辅助翻译人员进行翻译工作，提高翻译的效率和准确度。

翻译人员可以借助人工智能翻译系统进行初步的翻译，然后再进行适当的调整和润色，以确保翻译结果的质量。

同时，人工智能翻译系统在信息检索和术语管理等方面也能够提供有价值的支持。

三、人工智能对翻译行业的挑战尽管人工智能翻译在某些方面有其优势，但在面对某些特定领域或者较为复杂的翻译任务时，仍然无法完全替代人工翻译。

例如，涉及到文化、社会背景、行业术语等的翻译任务，人工智能翻译系统可能无法准确理解和处理。

此外，语境的理解和表达能力也是人工智能翻译的瓶颈，很难像人类翻译员那样进行灵活、准确的翻译。

四、如何应对人工智能时代的挑战在人工智能时代，翻译人员需要不断提升自身的专业能力和技术水平，以更好地应对挑战。

首先，要继续深入学习和掌握各类语言知识和翻译技巧，提高准确度和流畅度。

其次，要积极了解和熟悉人工智能翻译技术的应用，并学会合理利用。

同时，也要关注行业的最新发展，了解市场的需求和趋势，适时调整自身的发展方向。

2019年翻译资格考试一级口译练习3Yet the U.S. benefited greatly from the colonial strife next door. Broke after its Haitian defeat. France sold a large region to the U.S. for $15 million. The Louisiana Purchase would prove to be one of the most profitable real estate transactions ever made. Napoleon would not have sold his claims" except for the courage and obstinate resistance of Haitian inhabitants.It would take six decades for the U.S. to acknowledge Haiti's independence. Meanwhile, Haiti, burdened by its post, independence isolation and the too million francs in payment it was forced to give France for official recognition, began its perilous slide toward turmoil and dependency, resulting in a 19-year U.S. occupation and two subsequent interventions in the past 100 years. Jefferson once presented dire warnings about what might happen to the U.S. political system in a worst-case scenario, but his words turned out to be a more accurate prophecy for America's plundered neighbor: "The spirit of the times ... will alter. Our rulers will become corrupt ... The shackles ... which shall not be knocked off at the conclusion of war will remain on tong, will be made heavier." Given a fair chance. Haiticould have flourished and prospered, If that had been the case, this year Haiti would be celebrating the bicentennial of its independence with fewer and lighter shackles.【参考译文】美国周边的殖民地争端使其从中获益不少。