【教育资料】牛津上海版八年级初二下册英语 第19讲-主题阅读与写作之人物学习专用

牛津上海版八年级下册英语期中重点知识点复习八年级下英语期中重点知识点复习教案复习要点1. Word TransformationUnit2Unit3Unit 42. PhrasesU11. be interested in= have（great）interest in sth/doing sth 对…有（浓厚的）兴趣2. show（great）interest in sth/doing sth 对…表现出（浓厚的）兴趣3. fight for/against…为…/反对…而战4. have a fight with sb 与…打架5. take a deep breath 深呼吸6. one another = each other 互相7. air pollution 空气污染 noise pollution 噪音污染壤污染water pollution 水污染 soil pollution土壤污染8. be known as = be famous for 以…而出名9. release A into B 将A释放到B中take A from B 从B中取出A10. of course = certainly 当然U21.clean up 净化2.have/take a good rest (好好)休息一下3.a sewage plant 污水处理厂4.in reply to …作为对…的答复5.a water treatment works 自来水厂6. make （no）reply （不）作答复7.in the first place 首先，最初8. pure（A）into B）（把A）倒入（B）9.enjoy the view 欣赏风景enjoy +yourselves 玩的愉快enjoy +n或+V-ing 欣赏…喜欢…10.look around=look round 环顾四周look词组拓展：look for 寻找look like…看起来像…look after 照顾look up and down 上下打量look up…查阅look out=watch out小心；留神look down on sb 轻视；瞧不起look forward to +V-ing 盼望U 31.change…into…把…改变成…2.different kinds of energy 不同种类的能量3.heat energy 热能4.moving energy 动能5.light energy 光能6.sound energy 声能7. a dangerous servant 一个危险地仆人8. a packet of sweets 一袋糖果9.trick sb. 戏弄某人U4 hold a meeting/be at the meeting 举行会议decide to do sth. 决定做某事the chief editor 主编suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事vote for 投票（支持）elect sb. to be 选举某人做……take charge of 管理；掌管ought to do sth. 应该做某事take notes 记笔记be responsible for 对…负责make a list of sth. 列……的清单have an idea 想出主意think about…考虑关于…make a decision about 做关于…的决定agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrange to do sth. 安排做某事U1-U4 基础练习1. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1. The boy is lying on the bed ____________ (comfortable) and listening to music.2. My brother is always ___________ (patient) when he is doing his homework, sohe always makes mistakes.3.The man's _____________ (work) became famous after he died.4.The boss has a plan to use fewer workers to do _________ (much) work.5.Ken's voice sounded ____________(puzzle) when he heard a strange voice.6. We cleaned our ________ (chemical) lab yesterday afternoon.2. Choose the best answer1． the sixteenth of August, they arrived in London.A. OnB. InC. AtD. By2. There is “x” in the word, and it’s second letter in the word.A. an, theB. a, aC. the, anD. the, the3. I’m old enough to wash ________ clothes by myself. You can just wash ________.A. my; yourB. mine; yourC. my; yoursD. your, my4. There are more than three different trees in the forests.A. thousands ofB. thousand ofC. thousandsD. thousand5 Not only his parents but also his brother to Lucky Island twice.A. have beenB. have goneC. has beenD. has gone6. I think beef better than pork.A. was tastedB. tastedC. is tastingD. tastes7. It’s hard to keep the house with three kids.A. cleaning.B. to cleanC. cleanedD. clean8. Trees are important to us. Trees cool the air clean it.A. as well asB. so better asC. as good asD. as better as9. A: The teacher told Charles late for school again. .A. not to beB. not beC. don’t beD. not to10. Whales are one of in the world.A. largest animalsB. the largest animalsC. largest animalD. the largest animal3. Grammar第一单元现在进行时现在进行时的标志：1.句中有副词now时，，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。

第一讲Unitl Tree教学过程一、课堂导入教师讲述一个与本节课题目有关的英文小故事，引岀今日所要讲解的知识点，然后让学生简单梳理一下所涉及的问题，带着问题学习本节课的内容。

二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课学的重点内容，检测单词的用法，(以提问、回顾的形式进行)，针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过英文小故事导入本节课所要学习的新知识。

三、知识讲解1.知识点一：重点单词1)average ['aevoridj]【词性】adj.【词义】平均的【经典例句】Match the living things on the left with the average ages on the right. 把左边的生命和右边的平均年龄连线。

2)item ['aitom]【词性】n.【词义】一件物品【易混淆点】item 一件物品；项目event 活动项目Which of the following items come from trees?以下哪件物品时来自树？3)product ['prodAkt]【词性】n.【词义】产品【易混淆点】product产品produce 生产【经典例句】This is kind of new product.这是一款新的产品。

4)fighter ['faito(r)]【词性】n.【词义】斗士；战士【易混淆点】fight战斗fright使惊吓【经典例句】The pollution fighters are probably scientists. 抗污染战士可能是科学家。

5)fact [fekt]【词性】n.【词义】事实【易混淆点】fact事实truth真理【经典例句】Judy is collecting some facts for a class project on pollution.Judy正在为一个关于污染的班级报告搜集一些事实。

教育1对3辅导讲义1、上次课后巩固作业复习；Trouble！2、互动探索1. Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.麻烦没来找你，就别去自找麻烦。

第一、四个trouble是动词，第二、三个trouble是名词。

2. I think that that that that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.我认为那个学生写在黑板上的那个“that”是错误的。

第一个that是连词，引起宾语从句;第二、五个that是指示代词“那个”;第三个that在这儿相当于名词;第四个that是关系代词，引起定语从句。

3. I know. Y ou know. I know that you know. I know that you know that I know.我知道。

你知道。

我知道你知道。

我知道你知道我知道。

宾语从句4. We must hang together, or we'll be hanged separately.我们必须团结在一起，否则我们将被一个个绞死。

can/could "能够"•否定猜测: can't "不可能"•Could I...? --Yes, you can.may/might "可能"•表猜测，语气较弱•May I...? --No, youcan't/mustn'tmust "必须"•≈have to•肯定猜测: must "一定"•mustn't=not allowed todo=be bannedneed "需要"•don't need sth./ to do •needn't do ought to "应该"•=should •ought not to do这是一句双关语。

沪教牛津版八年级英语下册各单元知识点总复习Unit 1一、单词归纳与练习I. 根据要求写出相应的单词。

1. ill (名词) ____________________2. hurt (过去式) ____________________3. peaceful (名词) ____________________4. difficult (名词) ____________________5. expression (动词) ____________________6. organize (名词) ____________________ II．根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写单词，完成句子。

6. Peter often goes to help the d____________ children in the hospital.7. They are going to r_______________ money to build a school for the children in the poor village.8. I didn't p___________ for my house. My parents bought it for me.9. We should learn to control our s____________ when we get very angry.10. She showed great c______________ when she faced the danger. She was so brave.III.用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空，完成句子。

14. The doctor gave him some medicine to reduce his _______ (painful) in his stomach.15. The young man often offers ________ (help) his mother with housework.16. As ______ (teenager), we can learn to solve problems by ourselves.17. I'm confident about the ______ (friend) between Mary and me.18. Our school _______ (organization) an activity to help the poor children last week.二、词组归纳与练习I．用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空，完成句子。

上海牛津版8B阅读A篇专题一、寻找主题句1. 主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。

在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。

Sample 1People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.2.主题句在段尾作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。

本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。

Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.3.主题句在段中当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.Sample 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. Acamper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.二、寻找结论句及作者的写作意图SampleA boy and his father were walking in the mountains. Suddenly the boy fell, hurt him and cried "AAAhhhhhh!" To his surprise, he heard the voice repeating, somewhere in the mountain, "AAAhhhhhh!"Then the boy shouted. "Who are you?" He received the answer. "Who are you?” He got angry at the answer, so he shouted, "Foolish!" He received the answer.”Foolish!" He looked at his father and asked, "What is going on?" The father smiled and said.”My son, listen. “And then he shouted to the mountain. “I love you!” The voice answered, "I love you!”Again the man cried, "You are the best!" The voice answered, "You are the best!"The boy was surprised, but did not understand. Then the father explained, "People call this ’Echo’, but really this is life. It gives you back everything you say or do our life is just a reflection of what we have done. If you want more love in the world, have more love in your heart. If you want to be successful, work hard. This can be used in everything in life. Life will give you back everything you have given to it."（文章先写回声这一自然现象，然后类比到生活现象，从而提出自己的写作意图，have more love in your heart/work hard, 我们要给予，才能有所回报，这样的文章很多时候会考到作者的写作意图，我们就要选有高度和深度的选项。

八下英语19页3a概括英文回答：In section 3a of Unit 19 on page 80 of the grade 8 English textbook, the main topic is the use of the passive voice. The passive voice is a grammatical construction that is used to indicate that the subject of a sentence is acted upon by the verb. This is in contrast to the active voice, in which the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb.The passive voice is formed by using the verb "to be" followed by the past participle of the main verb. For example, the sentence "The boy kicked the ball" is in the active voice. The sentence "The ball was kicked by the boy" is in the passive voice.The passive voice can be used in a variety of situations. One common use is to emphasize the object of the verb. For example, in the sentence "The ball was kickedby the boy," the emphasis is on the ball, which is the object of the verb.Another common use of the passive voice is to de-emphasize the subject of the verb. For example, in the sentence "The report was written by the committee," the emphasis is on the report, not on the committee that wrote it.The passive voice can also be used to avoid blaming someone for something. For example, in the sentence "A mistake was made," the emphasis is on the mistake, not on the person who made it.In general, the passive voice is used less frequently than the active voice. However, it can be a useful tool for emphasizing the object of a verb, de-emphasizing the subject of a verb, or avoiding blaming someone for something.中文回答：八下英语 19 页 3a 概括。

沪教牛津版初二下册英语知识点总结全册含习题和答案本文档为初二下册英语知识点总结，旨在帮助学生巩固所学的知识。

以下是全册的知识点总结和题及答案。

单元一：School Life- 主要知识点：学校设施、学校日常活动- 题：1. What facilities does your school have?（答案根据实际情况）2. Describe a typical school day.（答案根据个人经历）单元二：Family Time- 主要知识点：家庭成员、家庭活动- 题：1. How many people are there in your family?（答案根据实际情况）2. Describe a family activity that you enjoy.（答案根据个人经历）单元三：Hobbies and Interests- 主要知识点：爱好和兴趣、表达喜欢与不喜欢- 题：1. What is your favorite hobby? Why?（个人回答）2. List three things you like and three things you don't like.（个人回答）单元四：Healthy Living- 主要知识点：健康生活方式、饮食和运动- 题：1. What do you do to stay healthy?（个人回答）2. Describe a healthy meal.（个人回答）单元五：Travel and Adventure- 主要知识点：旅行和冒险、地理和文化知识- 题：1. Describe a place you would like to visit and why.（个人回答）2. What is a famous landmark in your country?（个人回答）单元六：Technology and Innovation- 主要知识点：科技和创新、数字产品和服务- 题：1. How has technology changed your life?（个人回答）2. What is your favorite digital device or service?（个人回答）- 主要知识点：语言和交流、不同国家和文化的语言- 题：1. How many languages can you speak?（个人回答）2. List three words in a language other than English.（个人回答）单元八：Entertainment and Media- 主要知识点：娱乐和媒体、影视作品和音乐- 题：1. What is your favorite movie or TV show? Why?（个人回答）2. Describe a song or piece of music you like.（个人回答）以上是沪教牛津版初二下册英语的知识点总结和题及答案。

第十九讲：阅读C篇--首字母专题-教师版一、专题知识梳理首字母做题有很多种方法，今天给大家举一些从常用搭配，固定句式，前后对比，被动句转主动句等特殊思维角度做题的技巧。

一、常考副词汇总有“猜测或判断”语气的副词：surely，certainly，probably，perhaps，possibly，maybe，properly （in the proper way）(一)、表示“程度”的副词：1.十分，很quite，very，pretty2.极端/非常extremely，terribly3.完全completely4.恰恰; 确切地; 精确地exactly（可用句中可用句末）5.实际上; 确实; 竟; 事实上actually(二)、用于谓语旁边的副词：1.字母a开头: almost, always, also, already(常与完成时连用)（2016学年嘉定一模）The brain is able to finish great works,but it is not a _82__ perfect.Students should never rely on it to remember all school details. always2.否定含义的副词：never, hardly, rarely, seldom（2016年虹口一模）These four men n 82 took music lessons. They taught themselves to play music. never3.字母p开头：possibly，probably（句子开头是perhaps）（2016年松江一模）The values of your parents are p 87 different from those of your own. probably(三)、用于句子开头，有逗号的副词：（b开头）besides并且(f开头) first, finally, fourth(h开头)however(i开头)instead然而(l开头)luckily,last,later(s开头)second,soon(t开头)third,therefore,then,1.（2016学年杨浦一模）T___85___, slowly turning toward me, he shared the following as if he were reciting it from memory. Then备注：常考的副词短语greatly disappointed，what’s more, what’s worse，more importantly(四)、用于句子末尾比较难想到和高频的副词：excitedly, clearly, first, finally, instead, soon, together, well, quickly, quietly, fast,exactly1.（2016年浦东一模）Today, we use pieces of paper i___86___, but many countries still keep bars of gold in the banks. instead2.（2016年普陀一模）I can’t tell all the dates e___84_ because I was too young to understand calendars, but I remember what I did that day, what the weather was like and so on. exactly二、常考连词汇总a开头：after，as，and，although，b开头：before，because，buth开头：howi开头：ifs开头：since，sot开头：though，then，thanu开头：until，unlessw开头：which，when，where，who ,why备注：备考时那些连接状语从句的连词短语也都要复习下。

In this chapter, Oxford English presents:Don't besilly, Lo.I can jump.higher than the.Eiffel Tower!It's true.The Eiffel Tower.can't jump!A What do you know about ...?Before you read the article on the next page, try this I/ttle quiz.1. Which one of these is the French flag?2. What happened to the King of France in 17897.a He sailed to America.b He lost his head.c He defeated the British.3. Which two of these sports are not popular in France?cycling. baseball. tennis. judo. skiing. football.4. Which of these drinks come from France?tea.champagne.sake.Coke.mineral water.B. Look and think.Give short answers to these questions.1. Look at the heading, the headline and the photos. What do you think this passage will be about?2. Read the first six words of the passage. At what time of the year was this written? Who does the writer mean by 'us'?3 . Is this passage written for children or adults? Look at the beginning of the fifth paragraph.France is calling.Now that winter is behind us, manypeople are starting to think aboutgoing abroad for the summer holidays.This year, why not spread your wings and visitFrance?France is a wonderful place to go for aholiday. It is a huge country, with coasts on theEnglish Channel, the Atlantic Ocean and theMediterranean Sea. In addition, it has manymountain regions which are excellent forskiing.The centre of France is a big, agriculturalregion, growing crops such as wheat andsunflowers. It is amazing to drive past fieldswhich seem to go on forever or whole hillscovered with neat rows of grapevines. One ofthe most scenic areas is the Loire Valley, whereyou can visit the old castles in which the kingsand queens of France used to live.Paris is the capital of France. It is one of themost popular tourist destinations in the world.With its world-famous landmarks such as theEiffel Towerand the Arcde Triomphe,and its wide,tree-linedstreets, Paris isone of themost beautifulcities in theworld.If you are taking your children with you,remember that EuroDisney is just an hour awayfrom the centre of Paris. It offers many of thesame attractions as the Disney parks in theUSA.If you want to go on to visit Britain, you cannow do it without flying or taking a ferry. TheChannel Tunnel, or (to use its nickname) the'Chunnel', enables you to travel by train fromParis to London in about three hours.In our city, we can see the influence ofFrance in some ways. France, like China, isfamous for its food. Some bakeries provideFrench bread and cakes. Other popular Frenchproducts are its cheese, brandy and wine.Many of the world's top designer names areFrench. Names such as Dior in clothes, Chanelin perfume, and Cartier in jewellery arefamiliar to many Chinese people. A quick walkalong Nanjing Road will remind you of manysimilar names.France is a leader in art and culture, too. Alot of young students from different countriesgo to France to further their studies. Every year,French film festivals, exhibitions and concertsare organized all over the world.To get the most out of your holiday inFrance, why not try learning French now? Youcan do this in some language schools aroundthe city.C.Find the meanings.C I Find the italicized words in the article on page 3. Then read the words around them and Choose the best meanings.1. If you go abroad, you go .......a. on a ship c. for a holidayb. to a different country2. A huge country is very .......a. big c. near the seab. beautiful3. A scenic area is .......a. good for growing plants c. often seen in filmsb. pretty to look at4. A destination is somewherea. tourists come fromb. famous throughout the worldc . you are travelling to5. A landmark is .......a. a well-known place c. an area of Parisb. a building in our city6. If something enables you to do something, ita. forces you to do itb. allows you to do itc. stops you from doing it7. If something reminds you of something, it .......a . helps you to remember itb . tells you about itc .makes you forget itC2. Find the words in Column A in the article and match them with themeanings in Column B.A B1. the capital. a. part of a country.2. nickname. b. effects; power to change.someone's ideas.3. designer name . c. a friendly or funny name forsomeone or something.4. crops. d. the city where a country has itsgovernment.5. influence. e. plants grown in fields by farmers.6 . region . f. a name on a famous product.C3. Match these places with the numbers on the mapon the right.Paris.London.the Channel Tunnel.the Atlantic Ocean.the Mediterranean Sea.D .Find the facts.May is making a summary of the article in note form. Complete her summarywith information from the passage.Attractions of France: many beaches; good (1) in the mountains; beautiful areas of the countryside such as the (2) ; old (3) where kings and queens lived Capital: (4)Famous places: (5) and (6)Special attraction for children: (7)Easy to visit Britain now, by using (8)France is famous for: (9) such as bread and cheese(10) such as Cardin and DiorExamples of French culture organized all over the world every year: (1 1) Y'..I Read mhd think.El. Here are some sentences about the passage. Read each one and thenwrite T [True) or F ['False), or DK (Don't know) if the information is not in thepassage.1. The writer is a French person.2. France is a small country but very interesting.3. The mountain regions are good for water-skiing.4. There are probably many farmers in France.5. EuroDisney is similar to the Disney parks in America.6. You can catch a train from London to Paris.7. You cannot buy anything French in Shanghai.8. France is famous for products such as aeroplanes.9. Chanel and Dior are the names of people.10. It is easy to learn French quickly.E2. What do the italicized words refer to?1. ... you can now do it (Paragraph 6)2 . You can do this in some language schools ... (Paragraph 10)LISTENING.Completing notes about a famous buildingRosemary is visiting Paris. She is on a tour around the Eiffel Tower. While she is waiting for the lift, she is listening to a recording about the Tower. Listen to therecording and complete these notes.Built by Gustave Eiffel in ( 1 ) .Made of (2) .About (3) parts.Height is (4) metres.(5) building in Paris.People said it was (6) at first, but later it became (7) .(8) take you to the top, or you can walk up (9) steps.The Tower is repainted every (10) years.Colour: (11) .Amount of paint used: (12) tonnes.Amazing things at the Tower: once an (13) walked to the 1st level. Also, a man once (14) down all the steps.In (15) two people jumped down with parachutes.LANGUAGE.Using theWe use a or an before nouns when wemention them for the first time. We usethe when we mention them again.Example:Judy bought a case and a bag. Thecase cost 466 and the bag cost 218.A. Yesterday, Danny, Rita, Daisy andTommy afl bought things for theirholiday abroad. Make sentencesabout what they bought. Follow theexample above.camera. sunhat.pair of goggles . tennis racket.pair of sunglasses. towel.roll of film . umbrella.We use the before nouns when it is clear what we are talking about. For example, at the airport, Judy and Miss Lu have this conversation.JuDY : Excuse me. Where is the bank?MIss LD: It's over there by the post office.Judy and Miss Lu know they are referring to the bank and the post office inthe airport.BI .Some people at the airport are asking Miss Lu questions. Work in pairs, S1 asks the questions. S2 answers them. Follow the example above. Note,however, that one ef S2' s answers will be different from the example.B2. Work in pairs. S 1 makes requests. If S2 understands them, he/she says,Certainly. If not, he/she says, Which one? and S 1 tells him/her. The first two are done as examples.1.s1 Close the door, please.s2 certainly.2.s1 Open the window, please.s2 which one?s1 The window beside the door.3.s1 Switch on the fan, please.s2 .4.s1 Turn'off the computer, please.s2 .5.s1 Hang it on the wall, please.s2 .6.s1 Put it on the floor, please.s2 .7.s1 Repair the chair, please.s2 .8.s1 Pass me the calculator, please.s2 .9.s1 Take this to the manager, please.s2 .10.s1 Answer the phone, please.s2 .We often use the before things and people when there is only one of them. Examples:Paris is the capital of France.It has many landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower.There is only one Paris and only one Eiffel Tower, so we use the meaningthe only one.C .Simon works at Faraway Travel Service. Everyday, he answers questionsfrom his customers. Complete the questions and answers below. Put a, anor the in the blanks.1.I want to go to a place where sun shines at midnight.That's North Pole. If you go, you'll need thick sweater.2.I want to go to Sahara Desert and live in tent with Arab family. No problem. If you go, you'll needwater bottle.3 I want to go to big city whereI can learn French language.Why not go to Paris? That'scapital of France.4 I'd like to take train fromShanghai to Japan.Sorry. You have to cross sea,so you must take plane orShip.5.I want to go to Grand Theatreby underground. Can you sellme ticket?Sorry. You'll have to go tounderground station to buyticket.6. I'd like to go to planet or tostar for my holiday next year.Sorry. Our planet and star trips are full.What about going to moon?It's cheaper.After the verb play, we usually put the before the names of musicalinstruments. We do not put the before the names of games.Example:Amy plays the piano. She also plays basketball.D. Look at the pictures below. Make sentences like those in the exampleabove. Say what every member of the Rice Birds does.drums.guitar.violin.flute.piano.badminton.football.tennis.basketball.squash.SPEAKING.A Talk time.Asking for and giving directions.We can ask for directions like this:How do I get to...Can you tell me the way to...Where is..the ferry pier?the railway station?Take thefirstturning on theright.secondleft.Walk to theend of the road.traffic lights.You'll see the ferry pierin front of youon your right.across the street on your left.A 1.David is giving directions to a tourist. Read their conversation and practiseit.TOURIST: Excuse me. How do I get to People'sSquare?DAVID : Take the second turning on the left. Walk tothe end of the road. You'll see People'sSquare in front of you.TOURIST: Can you also tell me the way to the postoffice?DAVID : Take the first turning on your right. Walk tothe end of the road. You'll see the postoffice across the street on Your left.TOURIST : Thanks very much.DAVID: Not at all.A2 .Work in pairs to make a conversation like the one in A 1, S1 is standing at the ferry pier as shown on the map, S2 is a tourist and wants directions to the Shanghai International Convention Centre and also to the Pudong Shangri-la Hotel,Then make another conversation. This time. S 1 is the tourist and wants to know the way to the Jinmao Building and the nearest underground station, Your parents have told you that you can all go abroad for a holiday nextyear, and you can take a friend with you. They ask you, 'Where would youlike to go?B1. Now work in pairs. Discuss what things you would like to do on your holiday with your friend. Use the words and pictures below to help you. Thendecide where in the world you would like to go.go shopping.go swimming.have some wonderful meals.play lots of sports.rest and relax.go sightseeing.visit our friends and relations.see some real snow.visit amusement parks and zoos.B2. One of you can tell the class where you have decided to visit, and give at least four reasons for your choice.For example:we would like to go to paris for our holiday because it is a beautiful city.we would like to do some sightseeing,and visit some famous places like the Eiffel Tower.We would like to do some shopping.And we would like to visit my uncleYan.He has a restaurant in Paris,so we could have some wonderful mealsthere!WRITING.Holiday postcards.A. When we go abroad on holiday,we often send postcards to ourfriends at home. A postcard hasa picture on the front, and spacefor writing on the back. Read thispostcard which Amy sent toJohn and answer the questions.1. When did Amy arrive?She arrived on .2. What is she doing now?She ata hotel.3. What is she going todo tomorrow?She is going to .B. Here is a postcard from Peterto Mabel. Complete it.C. Imagine that you have gone abroad on holiday. Yousend the postcard on the right to a friend at home.Write your message, telling your friend when youarrived, how you got there, what you are doing andwhat you are going to do. Remember to write yourfriend's address.A.Read the following passage about the leaning Tower of pisa in Italy.Then fill in the notes below usinginformation in the passage.The Tower of pisa was buit to be the most beautiful bell tower in all of Italy.It is the bell tower forpisa cathedral.However,not only is the marble tower beautiful,it is perhaps the strangest tower inthe world.It leans to one side and looks like it is going to fall over.The building of the tower began in August 1173 and took nearly two hundred years to complete.Nobody is certain who designed the tower,but for many years it was said that Bonanno pisano wasthe architct.In 1319,all the floors were finished and years later,work eventuall began on the bellchamber at the top.It was oficially opened after nearly 200 years of construction.The tower haseight floors.It is 54.5 metres tall with 294 steps up to the bell chamber.From the top,there is avery beautiful view.Italian scientist,Galilleo,once did his famous experiments about gravity andfalling ojects from the top of the tower.why does the tower lean?In fact,it was already leaning while they were building it .As soon asthree floors had been built,by 1178,it began to lean as the ground beneath it sank.The builderstried to make the tower straight again as they added more floors,but the lean only got worse as thetower grew.It continued to lean by about 1 millimetre every year until finally,on 7 January 1990,itwas closed to the public .For ten years,the rescue of the tower was a serious problem.The top wasleaning over .by 5 metres to the south and if its movement was not stopped,the tower would oneday fall over .Measurements taken in 1911 estimated that te tower would collapse by 2050,if notsooner.After 10 years of hard work,it was officially reopened on 16 June 2001.However,it wasnot opened to the public until the end of 2001 and even now,the number of visitors is restriced.Itis now safe for the next 300 years because engineers have reduced the lean by 50 centimetres togive it the same lean that it had in 1838.location: .purpose of building: .Year started: .7th floor finished: .Years to complete: .Floors: .B.In pairs,describe the Great wall of china using the information below.In this chapter, Oxford English presents:if I plant this seedin the ground, will itbecome a peartree, Hi?Yes.That's strange, it'san apple seed.READING.A. What do yoU know about...?Before you read the interview on the next page, try this quiz about trees.1. How long de they live? Match the items on the left with the averageages on the right.a. mice . i. 70 years.b. trees . ii. 150 years.c. tortoises. iii .40 years.d . whales . iv. 4,000 years.e . people . v . 3 years.Pollution means making things dirty and unhealthy. Which kind ofpollution do trees help to fight?a. air pollution. c . noise pollution.b . water pollution . d . all of the above.Which of the following come from trees?a. nuts . c . cotton . e. tea.b . beans . d . oil . f . rubber.The best-known trees in Shanghai are magnolia trees. They have large,sweet-smelling flowers which are known as the flowers of Shanghai city. Which picture shows a magnolia tree?B. Look and think.Before you read the interview, look at the title, subtitle and pictures, Then say whether the following sentences are T (True) or F (False).1 . The pollution fighters are probably scientists.2. A few useful products come from trees.3 . Trees produce harmful gases.4 . Trees can pass information to one another.Judy is collecting some facts for a class project on pollution.She is interviewing Doctor Ray, a scientist, about trees,JUDY : Why are you so interested in trees, Doctor Ray?DR RAY: They're the biggest and oldest living things onearth, Judy.JUDY : Yes, but what good are trees? They make streetsmore beautiful and less noisy, but what else canthey do?DR RAY : Well, there's wood in your pencil and the bench,rubber on the end of your pencil, and paper inyour notebook -- all from trees. And while you're studying athome, do you like to eat an orange, or sip a Coke or a coffee?JUDY: Sometimes.DR RAY : Well, the fruit, the nuts for the Coke, and thebeans for the coffee all come from trees. And, Isuppose you also enjoy breathing pure, cool air.JUDY : Of course.DR RAY: Then you must thank trees for that, too. Trees arenatural air conditioners. They take harmful gasfrom the air, and release oxygen into the air. Howmany people are there in your class, Judy?JUDY : Forty-six.DR RAY: Well, one and a half hectares of trees couldproduce enough oxygen to keep your whole classalive and healthy for a year.JUDY :That's wonderful!DR RAY: Trees cool the air as well as clean it. Three treescan do the job of 15 air conditioners running almost all day.JUDY : You certainly know a lot about trees, Doctor Ray.DR RAY : Thank you, Judy, but I don't, really. Scientists areonly now beginning to understand them. Forexample, did you know that when insects attacka tree, it can warn its neighbours? The trees canthen protect themselves by producing a chemicalthat makes their leaves taste nasty. And sometrees can join their roots together underground,and pass food and water around. Trees arecommunicating with one another, but we don'tknow how.JUDY : Are trees in danger?DR RAY: in great danger. We cut down and burn millionsevery year but we replace hardly any of them.We are destroying our best fighters againstpollution.C. Find the meanings.CI. Find these words in the interview on page 17, read the words around them,and choose the best meanings.I. suppose. 4 . runninga. know a . travellingb . think it is'true b. workingc . ask c. playing2. pure. 5. communicating witha. not mixed with other things a. attackingb. hot b. sending messages/signals toc . comfortable c. joining3. release. 6 . hardly anya. bring in a. quite alotb . take away b . almost nonec. let out c . alarge numberC2. Find the words in Column A in the interview and match them with themeanings in Column B.A BI . sip a. made by nature, not by man2 . natural b. unpleasant3 . oxygen c. drink in small amounts4 . hectares d . a life-giving gas found in air5 . warn e . something produced by chemistry6 . a chemical f . areas of 10,000 square metres7 .nasty g . say that something bad or dangerous may happenD. Find the facts.These are some of the notes that Judy made from her interview withDoctor Ray. However, she made four mistakes. Read through the intervTew and correct Judy's mistakes. You may have to change one or more words.Trees:1. live much Iongerthan people;2 . produce wood, rubber, paper, nuts, beans and fruit:3 . take oxygen from the air,4 . heatthe air,5 . are like air conditioners;6. cannot protect themselves against insects;7. can share food and water with cne another,8. are in danger, mainly from insects.E. Read and think.ita is asking May questions about trees. May is giving Yes or No answers andpporting her answers with examples from the interview. Read Rita' s questions land complete May' s answers with one or more words.RITA: We get some useful things from trees, don't we?MAY : Yes. Two examples are wood and rubber.RITA : Is it true that trees do two main things to the air?MAY : . They .RITA: I've heard that one tree has the power of 15 air conditioners. Isthat right?MAY: . One tree has the power ofRITA: Scientists know a lot about trees, don't they?MAy: . They areRITA: Can trees really communicate with one another?MAY: . For example, if insectsRITA : And can they really protect themselves from insects?MAY: . They can produceRITA: Can trees help one another?MAY: . For example, they canRITA : IS it true that, every year, there are fewer and fewer trees in the world?MAY: . The reason is that people .LISTENING.Completing a notice.Judy' s school took part in a tree-planting campaign. To attract people to join, Judy and Rita wrote a notice. Listen to them talking, and complete the notice LOy putting one word in each space.Eight reasons for helping to plant trees:1. Trees make streets more2. Trees make streets less3. Trees make our air4. Trees make our air5. Trees make to keep us alive and6. Trees provide us with things like and7. Trees help us to fight8. Trees are inLANGUAGE.Talking about what is happening now.A. We can use the present continuous tense to refer to things that arehappening now. Read the forms of the tense.We are destroying our best fighters against pollution.I am reading.He is not working.Are they planting trees?What are you doing?Things to rememberRemember these short forms:I am I'mHe/She/It is He's/She's/It'sWe/They/You are We're/They're/You'reWhat is What'sA . I Work in pairs. S 1 is Bob and S2 is Ada. Ada is on holiday with friends. Bob isphoning her and asking her what all their friends are doing. Ada is telling him. Use the verbs on the right and the picture below to help you. Example:S1:what`s Ted doing?S2:He`s playing volleyball with carol.A2 Work in pairs to check your answers.Example:S1:Is Ted playing volleyball?sz:Yes,he is./No,he isn`t .He`s .A3. Work alone, Complete the descriptionon the right of the scene in the picture,Write what everyone is doing.It is the first morning of the holiday. Everyone is on thebeach. Ted is . volleyball with . isplaying badminton with . is .....B. We do not often use the verbs in the box below in the presentcontinuous tense. Instead, we use them in the simple present tense.We say: I know the answer. (not: I am knowing the answer).Do you like mi]k? (not: Are you liking milk?)They do not understand you.(not: Thcy arc not understanding you.)This book belongs to May.(not: This book is belonging to May.)Complete these dialogues about the pictures. Use the verbsgiven in brackets in the present continuous or simple presenttenses. Add other words as necessary.1. DANNY: The .(ring)MAY : I .l it. (know, hear)2. MAY : Your dinner is on the table.DANNY: I . I it. Itgood. (know, see, smell)3. DANNY: These cars to me. (belong)RITA: I you. (not believe)4. RITA : 'I her. What ?(not understand, mean)MAY: I that she 'Be quiet!'(think, mean)5. RITA: Look! Baby . (smile)MAY: Yes, she that you're herfriend. (know)6 . DANNY: Why is your case so heavy?MAY: It books. (contain)& Talk time .A1. Say these words.1. aship. ahill. abin. hit.2. asheep. aheel .abean to leave.3. ship sheep.hill heel.bin bean.live leave.A2. Say these sentences,1. I planted three trees.2. They bit me and beat me.3. These shoes don't fit my feet.4 . This is a sheep and that is a ship.5 . I don't want to leave the place where I live.A3. Say this d/a/ague,RITA: What do you want from the supermarket, Lily?ULY: Get me some meat and peas, please, some fishand chips, and some Indian tea.RITA: Meat, peas, fish, chips and Indian tea. Right, I'llbe back in a minute.B. Speak up.B I. Read this conversation.BOB: What can we do to fight pollution?AMY: Always put litter in litter bins, and stop using plastic bags for shopping.BOB: Anything else?AMY: Stop factories from producing unhealthy gases, plant more trees inthe streets, and make classrooms less noisyBOB: Which ways are more important and which ways are lessimportant?AMY : I think that ...2.Work in groups of 5 to 7.Choose a group leader.Discuss the five ways to fight pollution mentioned by Amy.Arrange them in order of importance.Ask the group leader to announce the group's list to the class like this: Our group thinks that the mostimportant way to fightpollution is to . Thesecond is to . Thethird is to . The fourthis to . The fifth is toEveryone in our groupagrees/Most people in ourgroup agree to thisarrangement.[he indexen you want to find out about the information in a book, you can look ate index pages. These come at the end of most books. The information inindex pages is arranged in alphabetical order. An index page is like atents page. Both help you to find information fast.A . Imagine you are doing a class project on pollution, You borrow a book from the library and look at its index below to find out about these topics. Write the numberof the page or pages that will tefi you about each topic. The first one is done for you,1. Energy 4. Shanghai's harbour2. Noise pollution 5. Fresh food3. Transport 6. Fish farmsB. Amy is telling Bob what information she wants for the project on pollution. Read the dialogues, and write down the words or phrases that tell you what Amy wants. Then write the number of the page or pages you would look at.1. AMY: Get some information about bottles.Bo8: Plastic bottles?AMY : No. Glass bottles.2. AMY: We'll need to find out about the effects of rain on trees and other things. BOB: You mean acid rain, don't you?AMY: Yes.3. BOB: Should I get some facts on all kinds of power?AMY: No. Just on solar power and nuclear power.4. AMY: What about people destroying the rain forests?BOB: Yes, that's important. We should write about that.5. AMY: Have you found out about using the sun to give power to calculators? BOB: Not yet, but I will.6. AMY: And we'd better say something about the problem of dealing with litter and rubbish.BOB: I agree. I'll get the information right away.7. AMY: Lastly, collect all the information you can find on insects. Can you do that?BOB: No problem.WRITING.1. Pretend that the Housing Estate Administration has just built a new sitting-out rea near your home. Last week, the workers finished it. Write a short article _about this for your school newspaper, using the pictures and the outline below.ear my home, there is a Some workers finished it last week.Iwatched them from my fiat.First (workers/arrive/lorry). On the back of the lorry there. (be/trees/bushes). The workers (dig/holes/ground). second, they (plant/trees/holes). Next, they brought some large containers. They (put/earth/containers). Then theyplant/bushes/containers).Next, they (pick up/all rubbish) and (sweep/area/ Neatly). After that, they (water/plants/hose). Then the area wasfinished. Now it looksDear friend.Trees are our friends. They work hard for us. They cool our cities and clean the air. Theyremove dust and change carbon dioxide into the oxygen we breathe. Trees reduce sound pollution for large urban areas and add beauty to cities. They can help increase the value ofproperty. Homes with many trees have higher values. Without trees, soil would wash awayand there would be no food for us to eat. Without tree shade, the Earth would get too hot tolive on. Trees provide shelter, food and things for both humans and animals. They。