学术英语写作45页PPT

The notion that the phonological representation of an utterance consists of a string of discrete segments is not the whole truth. A number of other units, consisting of strings of segments of different sizes, need to be recognised for a variety of purposes. The units we shall consider here are the following:
Most advisors encourage students to work out their own topics. To negotiate a topic, the student must first locate a good research subject, and then resorts to one or a combination of the following exercises: following personal interests, talking with other people, brainstorming and reading source materials.
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Con
1234 Q
The following is an excerpt from An Encyclopedia of Language about linear and nonlinear phonology:

Step 1: Choice of Topic
Choose a general topic Write a rough proposal Limit the topic to a plausible one
Step 2: Collection and Evaluation of Data
Collect books, journals and research articles Evaluate data collected Photocopy data Prepare note and bibliography cards
Purposes

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Definition of Academic Writing
--- to summarize or synthesize information and ideas gathered from research
--- to explain, compare and contrast, evaluate, or analyze concepts, events, and phenomenon
--- The author’s voice tends to be objective and neutral. unemotional
--- The style tends to be formal. academic periodicals, accurate information
--- Appropriate diction. colloquialisms and slang expressions be avoided, technical terms, abbreviation

Detailed description of the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques
Present the findings in a logical and coherent manual, avoiding excessive detail and focusing on key results
要点三
Experimental design
Select appropriate experimental methods based on the research question to ensure representativeness and reproducibility of the experiment.
Fundamentals of Academic English Writing
Clarity
The language used should be clear and straightforward, avoiding complex or aggressive intentions
Objectivity
目录
Academic English Writing Standards and FormatsAcademic English Writing Evaluation and Feedback
CONTENTS
Introduction
This course is designed to improve students' ability in writing English for academic purposes

Papers
目录
• Writing Techniques for Academic Papers • Publication and evaluation of academic
papers
01
Introduction to Academic English
Writing
The Definition of Academic English Writing
VS
Method
Critical evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of past research, and how the current study builds upon or challenges existing knowledge.
Research Method
对于学生和研究者来说，良好的学术 英语写作能力是获得学位、发表论文 和提升职业发展的关键因素。
Norms and Requirements for Academic English Writing
01
学术英语写作应遵循准确、清晰、简洁和规范的语言表达原则。
02
文章结构应包括引言、文献综述、方法、结果和结论等部分，
Academic English Writing
Courseware Academic Writing
Summary
目录
• Introduction to Academic English Writing • The structure and organization of academic
papers • The Language Characteristics of Academic

第9页/共22页
英文摘要的写法除了具有中、英文摘要的共性外，还 有自己独特的个性，一般应符合以下几点要求：
1. 尽量用简、短的句子，避免句形单调，组织好句子， 使动词尽量靠近主语，尽量用简短、词义清楚并为人熟 知的词； E.g. the paper explores……
2. 用过去时态叙述作者所做的工作，用现在时态叙述作 者得出的结果、结论，尽量用主动语态代替被动语态； （不出现人称主语，客观事实作主语表态时，要用被动） I induced three findings (×) / the experiment induced three findings(×) Three findings are induced from the experiment
(1) the author tells about
the writer
describes
the paper
explores
looks at
refers to
(2) the purpose of this paper is to V( presents, )
an investigation was designed to V( prove, generalize )
The author concludes that +S+V… The paper concludes (2) It is seen from Fig.4 that … the results are given in Fig.4 … In the last part of an abstract (1) It is suggested It is recommended + that +S+V … (2) The results suggest/show that …

address as a data. A qualitative one rather than a quantitative one.
7.Bibliography
❖ Anderson, R. The power and the word—Language, Power and Change [M]. London: Praeger Publisher, 1998.
do for you; ask what you can do for your country”—derived from Kennedy’s presidential inaugural address
Thank You!
L/O/G/O
2. Literature review
Previous studies:
❖ 1、Halliday :defines the semantic system. ❖ 2、Brainslaw Malinowski：puts forward phatic communion. ❖ 3、Buhler：from a psychological perspective, distinguished three functions of
Somethings we have learned:
❖ 1 realizes the significance for the successful use of interpersonal meaning in political speech.
❖ 2 makes comparisons with each review,finds the deficiency,and trys to make good.
Candidate:xxx Supervisor: xxxxxxxx

The keywords
3
Linguistic features
More nouns 采用名词而不是动词
Limited numbers 平均4-6个关键词
Like
Keywords:Chemical conditioning,EPS,Inorganiccoagulants, Physicochemical properties,Sludge dewaterability（5）
b School of Environment & Municipal Engineer,Xi’an University of Architecture Technology,Xi’an 710055,China
3
The keywords — General function
1 Easiness of highlighting 2 Easiness of retrieval
The Title
1
Examples
EXTRACTION OF EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERS FROM ACTIVATED SLUDGE USING A CATION EXCHANGE RESIN(12)
用阳离子树脂法从活性污泥中提取胞外聚合物
Anoxic and aerobic values for the yield coefficient of the heterotrophic biomass:Determination at full-scale plants and consequences on simulations (20)
理化性质与污泥脱水能力在采用无机混凝剂的化学条件下之间的关系
2
The Author/Affiliation— General function

Page 9
以上述四要素为依托，找出每部分专指度高的主 题概念词，然后正确地组织好这些反映主题内容 的主题概念词，用逻辑性强的关联词将其贯穿起 来，就构成一篇完整的摘要，再以表现论文的主 题内容为主旨，以主题词为工具，经过耐心地推 敲、简化，力求使摘要简明扼要，逻辑性强，结 构完整。
uses one or more well developed paragraphs: these are unified, coherent, concise, and able to stand alone.
In the last pห้องสมุดไป่ตู้rt of an abstract (1) It is suggested It is recommended + that +S+V …
(2) The results suggest/show that … It is recommended that …
Page 19
Page 22
汇报结束
谢谢大家! 请各位批评指正
Page 6
Requirements
Format Language expression Avoidance of Plagiarism
Page 7
Abstract
The types of Abstract Informative Indicative
Samples on P.238 Samples on P.240
Page 8
Four basic units of an abstract
Objectives of the research paper(论文所研究 的具体对象 ) Methodology you used in the research(运用的 具体方法 ) The findings from the research(得出的具体结 果) Conclusions induced from the finding or experiments(结果进行剖析而得出的具有创新性 的结论 )

science projects meeting these goals.
Participation in a science fair beyond the local
student science projects are meeting the
educational goals for science. Experience
through modeling the necessary skills in the
classroom has the strongest relationship to
.
9
Implications for future work
• This approach provides a novel approach for future studies on……
• The result encountered in this study leads us to speculate that if additional studies are done, …..will be found.
• We have demonstrated in this paper…… • On the basis of……, the following
conclusions can be drawn…… • It is recommended that…… • This analysis strongly suggests that…… • In conclusion, the result shows……
.
7
Comparison with other theory
• However, our findings point to a possible refinement of existing theories that…..

02 State the process by which results are produced(陈述产生结果的过程)
Present the results one by one(逐一呈现结果)
03
04 Provide evidence (e.g. statistical results, examples, tables, figures, etc) (提供证据(如统计结果,例证,表格,数字等))
Explain the meaning of each result(解释每项结果的含义)
05
-
15
Academic papers in the field of liberal arts
The research results of academic papers in the field of natural science include the following four steps:
The results must reflect the items and criteria listed in the materials and methods
-
10
02 The structure of the PART research results
-
11
The structure of the research results
-
2
01 Goals and tasks of PART the research results
section
-
3
1.1 The importance of the research results section
What are the research results?

Plagiarism
To use another person‟s ideas or expressions in your writing without acknowledging the source is to plagiarize. plagiarism, then, constitutes intellectual theft. In writing your research paper, then, you should document everything that you borrow ___ not only quotations and paraphrases but also information and ideas.
英国诗歌研究存在的问题




在文本的阐释与文学理论的介入方面还存 在一些问题。 英国诗歌研究缺乏“问题意识”，缺乏 “本土”视角，缺乏有个性的洞见与观点。 对诗歌作品的研究中，同一水平的重复现 象比较多，观点陈旧，缺乏新意。 英国各个时期诗歌的整体或专题研究较少
未来英语诗歌研究的走向
在多元文学批评的视域下，继续加强对经典 诗歌的研究． 加强对当代诗歌的研究：多元文化背景下的 当代英国诗歌研究、当代英国诗人群体研 究（爱尔兰诗人、苏格兰诗人、女诗人、 少数族裔等）、当代诗歌语言与大众文化 研究、当代英国诗歌的民族性研究． 加强诗人的诗学理念研究． 加强英国诗歌史的研究．
美国小说研究




突出的研究领域是：华裔小说、黑人小说、犹太 小说和后现代小说 受到关注最多的作家分别是：海明威、莫里森、 福克纳、纳博科夫、索尔· 贝娄、德莱塞、谭恩美 等人 最常见的研究视角分别是：社会文化批评、性别 研究（gender studies）、种族文学、后现代特 征、叙事技巧、区域特征等。 其他研究视角还包括文学语言、叙事技巧、小说 类型、文化心理、宗教伦理、生态意识、跨文化 冲突。

Requirements
Format Language expression Avoidance of Plagiarism
Abstract
The types of Abstract Informative Indicative
Samples on P.238 Samples on P.240
1. 尽量用简、短的句子，避免句形单调，组织好句子，使动 词尽量靠近主语，尽量用简短、词义清楚并为人熟知的词 ； E.g. the paper explores……
2. 用过去时态叙述作者所做的工作，用现在时态叙述作者得 出的结果、结论，尽量用主动语态代替被动语态；（不出 现人称主语，客观事实作主语表态时，要用被动） I induced three findings (×) / the experiment induced three findings(×) Three findings are induced from the experiment
Title Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgement References
Characteristics of Academic Writing
Creativity Scientificity Standardization
An abstract consists of 3 parts: purpose, result/conclusion, and recommendation.
The present tense, past tense and the present perfect tense are often used in an abstract;