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Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 课文知识点解析Warming UpDiscuss in pairs which science subjects are part of medicine,biochemistry,geophysics or astronomy.分组讨论哪些科学科目是医学，生物化学，地理学或天文学的一部分。
in pairs=two at a time=in twos一次两个，两个一组e.g.Shoes and slippers are sold in pairs.鞋子都是论双卖的。
注意：in+数词/名词（数词/名词以复数形式）e.g.in threes and fours 三三两两的in groups 成群的思维拓展in在这里表示：以……数量/形式、形状等。
e.g.Tourists queue in thousands to see the tomb. 游客数以千计排着队看陵墓。
Reading1.The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clearwhether the solid shape was to last or not.这一问题变得越来越不确定，因为这一球体形状是否能够维持尚未明朗。
(1)violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的a violent language 激烈的语言a violent storm 猛烈的风暴a violent 猛攻思维拓展violence n.［U］1.暴力，强暴2.猛烈，剧烈，强烈(2)whether...or not... “是……还是……”在这里是主语从句,它还可以引导宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。
e.g.I don’t know whether he will agree with me.（宾语）我不知道他是否同意我的观点。
译林牛津英语第三册第四单元课本内容Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further studyExtended readingRead the adapted version of a scientist’s public lecture about he importance of science.The value of scienceWhen i was younger, I thought science would make good things for everybody. It was obviously useful; it was good. But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb. This result of science was obviously very serious---it represented the destruction of people of and it put our future at risk. I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science?”Put another way, what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to----the thing I had loved----when I saw what terrible things it could do? I thought long and hard about this question, and I will try to answer it today.The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad----but it doe snot carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value; however, the power is decided by what one does.Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.When we look at any problem deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. Thanks to the scientific effort. We have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of great importance. When a scientist doesn’t know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant. When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be, he is still in some doubt.Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early daysof science. In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for uncertainty. Permit us to question, to bout, to be unsure.It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom, to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed, and to ensure this freedom for all coming generations.(Adapted from a public lecture by Richard Feynman, an American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965).A Write a summary of Richard Feynman’s ideas on the value of science.B Feynman believes that “Of all its(science’s) many values, the greatest must be the freedom to doubt.” How do you understand this quote?Project:Making a fact file about a great scientistA: As a class, discuss some scientists that have changed the world. You can think of both Chinese and Western scientists in different fields. Then in groups of four, choose a great scientist to research.B: As a group, research your chosen scientist. Use the ideas below to help you.●Personal information(name, date of birth/death, nationality, childhood, education, etc)●Scientific research (research area and achievements, published works, etc.)●Influence●Interesting factsC As a group, put together your information to make your fact file. Use the example below to help you. Then present your fact file to the rest of the class.Charles DarwinPersonal information:Date of birth: 12 February 1809Date of death: 19 April 1882Nationality: EnglishEducation:Studied at the University of Edinburgh Medical School and the University of CambridgeScientific research and achievementsHe put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859.InfluenceHis theory of evolution by natural selection has greatly influenced the development of biology.Interesting factsDarwin was such a scientific man that before he made up his mind to get married, he made a careful list of the advantages and disadvantages of marriage.AssessmentA In pairs, rank your performance level in the following areas from 1 to 5. Write down your own assessment in the column “Me” and ask your partner to write down his/her assessment of your performance in the column “Partner”.5=Excellent 4=Good 3=Satisfactory 2= Fair 1= Improvement required*More language practice ---pages 75--76B If improvement is required for some of the areas above, make an action plan.Further study●Benjamin Franklin (1706--1790) was a legendary figure in American history. Read more about his amazing story in The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.●The Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, Physics and Physiology or Medicine are awarded to scientists who have made great contributions to humanity. Visit the official Nobel Prize website to learn more about these great scientists and their achievements.。
必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science Of The Stars天文学：恒星的科学II．Reading HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH 地球上的生命是怎样开始的No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. 由于地球的产生是那么的久远，所以没有人确切知道地球是怎样产生的。
【注释：as it happened 碰巧eg. They were all out, as it happened.真巧, 他们全出去了。
】However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”that threw matter in all directions.然而，根据一个广泛接受的理论，宇宙开始于一次“创世大爆炸”，该爆炸将物质抛向各个方向。
【注释：in all directions四面八方；各个方向eg. The birds flew away in all directions when he fired a salute with a“bang”.当他“砰”的一声鸣礼炮时，鸟飞向各个方向。
】After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.之后，原子开始形成，并结合形成恒星和其他物体。
For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.就在“宇宙大爆炸”之后的几十亿年间，地球依然是一团尘埃。
What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.这一团尘埃会变成什么还不能确定，直到45亿至38亿年前，这团尘埃才形成一个固定的球体。
必修三 Unit 5 Canada —“The True North”加拿大——真正的北极I．Vocabularymulticultural adj.多种文化的quiz n.测验；问答比赛beaver n.海狸grizzly n.(北美洲)灰熊；灰色的polar adj.极地的；近极地的penguin n.企鹅prime adj.首要的；主要的；基本的minister n.大臣；部长prime minister 首相；丞相governor n.州长；总督rather than 与其；不愿continent n.洲；大陆baggage n.行李scenery n.景色；风景eastward adv. 向东；向东南的surround vt. & vi.包围；围绕the Rocky Mountains落基山脉harbour n.海港measure vi. & vt.测量；衡量；判定aboard prep. & adv.在船、飞机、火车或公共汽车上settle down定居；平静下来；专心于manage to do设法做catch sight of 看见；瞥见eagle n.鹰stampede n.(美)大西部赛马会cowboy n牛仔；牧童have a gift for 对…有天赋border n.边界；国界；边沿vt. & vi.与…接壤；接近slight adj.轻微的；微小的acre n. 英亩urban adj.城市的；市镇的location n. 位置；地方the Vatican City State梵蒂冈城国topic n.话题mixture n.混合物；混合状态bush n.灌木（丛）；矮树（丛）maple n.枫；枫树frost n.霜；霜冻confirm vt.证实；证明；批准wealthy adj.富有的in the distance在远处misty adj.有薄雾的；模糊的Niagara n.尼亚加拉（河，瀑布）schoolmate 同学；校友booth n.公用电话间；货摊；售货亭downtown adj.市区的；adv.pearl n.珍珠Cantonese n.广东人（的）approximatley adv.接近；大约dawn n.黎明；佛晓；破晓workplace n.工作场所；工作地点buffet n.自助餐；蚕食柜台broad adj. 宽阔的；广泛的St Lawrence River圣劳伦斯河nearly adv.在附近 adj.附近的tradition n.传统；风俗terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓pleased adj. 欣喜的；高兴地impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的感人的II．Reading A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”一次真正的北极旅行Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast.李黛玉和她的老表刘倩开始了到加拿大的旅行，他们要去看望在大西洋沿岸蒙特利尔的老表，【注释：be on已经开始了，接受打赌They are on a visit to China.他们正在对中国进行访问。
1杨磊译注必修三Unit 3 课文详解必修三 Unit 3 The Million Pound Band Note百万英镑Act I, Scene 3Narrator: It is the summer of 1903.Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick 年的夏天。
这是1903and Oliver, have made a bet.两个年迈而富有的兄弟：罗德里克和奥利弗，进行打赌。
【注释：make a betOliver believes that with a 】。
我擅长打足彩football 310.310eg. I'm good at making a bet on 打赌million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.奥利弗认为一个拥有一百万英镑支票的人能在伦敦生存一个月。
【注释：survive vi.幸存, 活下来eg. These plants cannot survive in very coldHis brother Roderick doubts it. At this他的哥哥对此怀疑。
conditions.这些植物在严寒中不能存活。
】moment, they see a penniless yound man wandering on the pavement outside their house.就在这时，他们看见一位身无分文的年轻人正在他家外的人行道上徘徊。
【注释：on the pavement徘徊街头,没有住处,被遗弃；wandering adj. 漫游的；闲逛的;(精神)恍惚的；错乱的eg. 1) wandering thoughts 错It is Henry Adams,】2) I felt my attention wandering during the lecture.我感到听讲座时老走神。
英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals around the World世界各地的节日1.mean doing sth. 意味着;mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事;mean sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事be meant for 打算作……用; 为…而有2.take place 发生；举行3.of all kinds 各种各样的4.starve to death饿死be starved of 缺乏,starve for sth, starve to do,渴望5.plenty of 大量; 充足6.be satisfied with感到满意to one’s satisfaction感到满意是7.do harm to sb.=do sb. harm 伤害某人8.in the shape of呈…的形状，以…的形式9.in memory of/ to the memory of sb.纪念某人10.dress up 穿上最好的衣服;打扮,化装11.award sth.(to sb.)和award sb.sth.(for sth.) 给予、颁奖reward sb. for sth. 因…奖赏某人；reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人12. admire sb. for sth在某方面钦佩某人13.look forward to期望，期待，盼望14,have fun with(与某人)玩得开心;过得快乐( have a good time, enjoy oneself.)15. turn up.来；出现;把(收音机等)音量开大些turn down 拒绝; turn off 关掉;turn on 打开; turn out 结果是......turn to sb. for help 向某人求助16．keep one’s word 守信用；break one’s word, 失信17．It be obvious that-clause显而易见；一目了然18．set off动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸;set in开始; set up建立，创立;set out to do = set about doing sth.着手做set down 写下，记下19．remind sb. of sth. 提醒，使想起II．Reading FESTIV ALS AND CELEBRATIONS节日与庆祝Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.译文：从古自今各地都举行过各式各样的节日和庆典。
高中英语新人教选择性必修三 Unit 4课文原文及翻译9th century's n of going to the moon。
I couldn't resist the call of adventure。
so Iapplied and was accepted.和伟大的XXX爵士一起去南极探险——这就是19世纪版的登月计划。
我无法抵挡冒险的呼唤，于是申请并被接受。
8 Dec,19141914年12月8日We have been stuck in the ice for three days now。
Shackleton says that we must be patientand wait for the ice to break up。
I hope he is right.我们现在被XXX住已经三天了。
XXX说我们必须耐心等待冰层破裂。
我希望他是对的。
15 XXX,19151915年1月15日The ship is sinking。
We have to abandon it and set up camp on the ice。
We are all veryscared。
XXX.船正在下沉。
我们不得不放弃它，在冰上搭建营地。
我们都很害怕，但XXX让我们保持冷静和有条不紊。
24 Apr,19161916年4月24日We have been XXX in a small boat to seek help。
We are all praying for their safe return.我们已经被困在大象岛上数月了。
XXX和其他五人乘小船寻求帮助。
我们都在祈祷他们平安归来。
30 Aug,19161916年8月30日Shackleton and his team have returned。
We are saved。
It isa XXX.XXX和他的团队已经回来了！我们得救了！他们能够幸存下来简直是一个奇迹。
