初中主谓一致_教师版
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►第11讲主谓一致(讲义)目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析2023年中考主谓一致考情分析三网络构建知识点头脑风暴四名词考向1.主谓一致的原则2.主谓一致的应用3.提升必考题型归纳五真题感悟主谓一致经典考题【复习目标】1.掌握主谓一致的原则2.掌握主谓一致的应用【考情分析】主谓一致题型命题规律【网络构建】主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》对主谓一致仅要求理解。
近3年,主谓一致在中考英语试题主要集中在用动词适当形式填空、句型转换、汉译英、单项选择、完形填空及其它类型的填空题中都出现主谓搭配的试题,解答任务型阅读以及书面表达题型时,学生就必须考虑主谓一致。
因此,考生必须掌握主谓一致。
在学习过程中,要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。
近几年,主谓一致与时态、语态综合考查成为命题的方向。
考向一主谓一致的原则1.语法一致原则主要指语法形式上一致,即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致,这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。
➢He is a famous singer.➢The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins.➢Life is full of the unexpected.➢ A sad movie makes me cry.➢Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning.2.意义一致原则以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。
这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句;由and或both...and连接的并列主语;主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。
初中英语知识点归纳主谓一致主谓一致是英语语法中的重要知识点,它指的是句子中的主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。
主谓一致的正确运用可以使句子结构完整,表达清晰,下面将对初中英语主谓一致的相关知识进行归纳总结。
一、第一人称和第三人称的一致1. 当主语为单数第一人称(I)时,谓语动词要用第一人称的单数形式。
例:I am a student.(我是一个学生。
)2. 当主语为单数或复数的第三人称(he、she、it、they)时,谓语动词要用第三人称的单数形式。
例:She works in a hospital.(她在医院工作。
)They like playing football.(他们喜欢踢足球。
)二、主谓一致的特殊情况1. 当主语为复数形式时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
例:We are students.(我们是学生。
)They are teachers.(他们是老师。
)2. 当主语为不可数名词时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
例:Water is important for our health.(水对我们的健康很重要。
)Time flies.(时光飞逝。
)三、连接词和主谓一致当句子中出现连接词“or”、“nor”时,谓语动词要与最近的主语保持一致。
例:Tom or his friends are going to the party.(汤姆或者他的朋友们要去参加聚会。
)四、不定代词和主谓一致1. 当主语为不定代词“each”、“every”、“either”、“neither”、“everyone”、“somebody”等时,谓语动词要用第三人称的单数形式。
例:Each boy has his own dream.(每个男孩都有自己的梦想。
)Everybody loves the beautiful sunset.(每个人都喜爱美丽的日落。
)2. 当主语为不定代词“some”、“many”、“a lot of”、“most of”等时,谓语动词根据主语而定。
初中英语主谓一致讲解-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面,使用请直接删除主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法上一致,意义上一致,就近一致原则.1.单数名词(代词)或不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数。
The desk is Tom’s.Some water is in the bottle.The students are playing football on the playground.2. 表示时间、价格、重量、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,谓语用单数形式。
One and a half hours is enough. Twenty dollars is enough.Two months has passed. Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy.3. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:To see is to believe.。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.4. 主语为one of , each of等加复数名词或代词,谓语用单数。
如:One of my favorite sports is basketball.Each of them has an English dictionary.5.不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数,例如:Is everyone here today Something is wrong with him.6. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。
7. 有些以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics等。
主谓一致教案模板主谓一致教案初中主题:主谓一致教学学段:初中字数:2000字一、教学目标1. 知识目标:学生理解主语与谓语在人称和数量上的一致关系,并能正确运用主谓一致的规则。
2. 能力目标:学生能够正确辨认主谓不一致的错误,并能够运用所学规则改正错误。
3. 情感目标:培养学生对语法规则的兴趣,提高对语言表达的敏感性和准确性。
二、教学重点与难点1. 教学重点:培养学生辨认主谓一致错误的能力,并能够正确运用所学规则改正错误。
2. 教学难点:提高学生理解主谓一致规则的准确性和灵活运用能力。
三、教学过程1. 导入(10分钟)通过一段简短的对话或说明教师与学生之间的主谓一致,引入主谓一致的概念。
2. 探究与讲解(30分钟)(1)对主谓一致的规则进行讲解和解释,包括人称和数量上的一致原则。
(2)通过示例句子的展示,让学生观察并分析主谓一致的情况。
3. 整合与练习(30分钟)(1)学生在课本上或练习册上完成一些主谓一致的练习题,巩固所学规则。
(2)学生在小组内进行主谓一致的讨论,找出句子中的错误并改正。
4. 拓展与运用(30分钟)(1)教师出示一些实际生活中的图片或情境,让学生口头表达,并运用所学规则讲解主谓一致的原则。
(2)学生在小组内完成一些情景对话的练习,要求使用主谓一致的正确形式。
5. 归纳与总结(10分钟)让学生回顾与总结所学的主谓一致的规则和思路,简洁明了地归纳主谓一致的原则。
6. 反馈与评价(10分钟)(1)学生交换作业,互相批改和评价。
(2)教师对学生的表现进行综合评价,同时将学生的评价和建议记录下来。
四、课堂作业1. 完成课堂练习册上的相关练习题;2. 小组合作完成一篇短文,要求使用主谓一致的正确形式。
五、板书设计主谓一致规则:1. 单数主语+单数谓语动词2. 复数主语+复数谓语动词3. 主语是第三人称单数时,要加-s六、教学反思主谓一致作为英语语法中的重要内容之一,对学生的语言表达能力和语感培养非常重要。
初中英语语法之主谓一致本章内容选自张道真先生主编的《初中英语语法》第十六章主谓一致学习导航主谓一致情况比较复杂,学习时要熟练掌握语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个原则。
要做到主谓一致,除了要考虑句子中主语人称和数的变化,还要考虑到谓语动词时态和语态的变化。
很多情况下还要结合具体的语言环境加以判断。
语法视窗一、主谓一致的三条原则主语和谓语保持一致,即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化叫主谓一致。
主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1、语法一致原则。
谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。
Tom likes eggs,oranges and bananas.All the students in my class are hard-working.2、意义一致原则。
有些名词形式为单数,但表示复数意义;有些名词形式为复数,却表示单数意义。
这种情况下,谓语动词要采取意义一致的原则,即谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。
People read for pleasure during their spare time.(people表示复数概念)Three months has passed since you left.(three months 表示单数概念)3、就近一致原则。
就近一致原则指的是谓语动词的人称和数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。
No food or water is allowed to take with.Either several telephones or a fax machine is needed in my office.Neither you nor he knows how to answer the question.Not only the students but (also)their teacher likes the film.There is a table and four chairs in the room.There are four chairs and a table in the room.二、主谓一致的具体情况1、不定式、动名词作主语单个的不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。
初中主谓一致的简单教案教学目标:1. 理解主谓一致的概念和重要性。
2. 掌握主谓一致的三个基本原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
3. 能够正确运用主谓一致规则,使句子表达清晰、准确。
教学内容:1. 主谓一致的概念和重要性。
2. 主谓一致的三个基本原则。
3. 主谓一致的练习和应用。
教学步骤:一、导入(5分钟)1. 向学生介绍主谓一致的概念和重要性。
2. 引导学生意识到主谓一致在英语句子中的关键作用。
二、讲解主谓一致的三个基本原则(15分钟)1. 语法一致原则:主语和谓语在语法形式上要保持一致。
- 单数主语对应单数谓语。
- 复数主语对应复数谓语。
2. 意义一致原则:主语和谓语在意义上要保持一致。
- 表示单数意义的主语对应单数谓语。
- 表示复数意义的主语对应复数谓语。
3. 就近一致原则:谓语动词应与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
三、主谓一致的练习(20分钟)1. 进行一些主谓一致的练习题,让学生运用所学的原则。
2. 引导学生通过观察和分析句子,确定主语和谓语的一致性。
3. 提供一些错误的句子,让学生找出并纠正主谓不一致的错误。
四、主谓一致的应用(10分钟)1. 让学生练习编写一些句子,注意主谓一致的运用。
2. 鼓励学生运用主谓一致的规则,使句子表达清晰、准确。
五、总结和复习(5分钟)1. 对本节课的主谓一致教学进行总结。
2. 强调主谓一致在英语写作和口语表达中的重要性。
教学评估:1. 通过课堂练习和课后作业,评估学生对主谓一致的理解和应用能力。
2. 观察学生在口语表达和写作中的主谓一致运用情况,及时进行指导和纠正。
教学资源:1. PPT或黑板,用于展示主谓一致的规则和例子。
2. 主谓一致练习题,用于巩固所学知识。
教学反思:本节课通过讲解主谓一致的概念和重要性,以及主谓一致的三个基本原则,帮助学生理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。
通过练习和应用,学生能够更好地运用主谓一致的规则,使句子表达清晰、准确。
课题《主谓一致》---考点1.语法一致课时:第1课时授课教师:何晓英课型:语法专项复习【教学目标】1.知识目标:掌握主谓语法一致原则的10种情形。
2.能力目标:①通过练习主谓一致中考真题并结合相关知识点形成解题思路。
②通过练习主谓一致中考预测、课堂小测和中考模拟演练进行强化训练,加强学生的解题技能。
3.情感、态度与价值观目标:学习主谓一致中的语法一致原则,联系中考百日冲刺誓言与备考实际行动,督促学生努力做到言行一致,争分夺秒,坚持不懈,为了理想而奋斗,拼搏最后2个月!4.过程与方法:以“6411”现代成长课堂模式,结合语法一致原则相关知识点,通过练习形成解题思路,加强解题技能。
【教学重点】掌握主谓语法一致原则的10种情形。
【教学重点】1.通过练习主谓一致中考真题并结合相关知识点形成解题思路。
2.通过练习主谓一致中考预测、课堂小测和中考模拟演练进行强化训练,加强解题技能。
【教具、学具准备】PPT、《高分突破》、《学案》、《题案》、双色笔。
【学情分析】九(3/5)两个班的英语是各自班所有科目的弱科。
(他们的强项是理科。
)九3班很静,不爱朗读,也不爱答问。
只是静静地听课。
好多同学上课从不出声,尤其是女生。
绝大多数作业字迹较好。
相反,九5班很闹,爱说笑,课堂很难安静,没什么正能量。
虽然朗读大声,但好多人是有口无心。
绝大多数作业字迹很丑。
两个班理解接受能力不强,悟性不高,只有两三个同学能一点就通,绝大多数同学须反复讲、反复练才能懂。
故上课进度很慢,一节课不能知识点大容量。
【教学内容分析】“主谓一致”是句子成分之间在语法形式上的一种协调关系。
它是指句子的主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面要保持一致。
这种关系通常要遵循三大原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
“语法一致”原则是指句子的主语和谓语动词在语法形式上要保持一致。
也就是说,当句子的主语是单数形式时,谓语动词要用单数形式;当句子的主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也要用复数形式。
主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书20美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型1. 单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2. many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。
例如:Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
To see is to believe 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。
A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 当主语部分含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但“名词+as well as+名词”时,谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。
这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。
(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。
(作家和老师是两个人)11. people,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything,nobody, no one, nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数,Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗?Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics等,No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由or, either…or…,neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主语,则动词为单数形式。
Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时,动词一般用单数形式。
A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.但a variety of, a number of +名词复数,动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight houndred17.以here,there开关的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致There is a book and three pens on the desk.Here are some books and paper for you.18. the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式.The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
三.肯定与否定一致下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。
We've had some(money).→ We haven't had any(money).I wa s talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to anyone.They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived yet.Li is coming too.→ Li isn't coming either.Both of us are going.→ Neither of us a re going.He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.注意:so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。
My wife like classic music very much and so do I.She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.主谓一致专项练习一单项选择:1. Eating vegetables______ good for our health.A. isB. areC. wereD. was2. More than one person _______ made the suggestion.A. wasB. hasC. wereD. have3. I think ______ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam ______ easy.A. two thirds; isB. second three; areC. two thirds; areD. two third; are4. Neither you nor Lin Hua _______ to the Great Wall before.A. had beenB. has goneC. has beenD. have been5. The writer and teacher ______ coming now.A. isB. areC. hasD. have6. Something _____ gone wrong with my TV set.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are7. Nothing but grass and trees _______ the hill.A. coversB. coverC. coveringD. are covering8. Physics ______ more interesting than Maths, I think.A. areB. isC. wasD. were9. Each student and each teacher ______ to see the film.A. goB. wishC. areD. wants10. Either Tom or I ______ to blame.A. to beB. amC. areD. is11. There ______ a desk, two beds and four chairs in the room.A. isB. areC. hasD. have12. Lucy, together with her two brothers, often _______ to the park on Sundays.A. goB. goesC. are goingD. is going13. There ______ a pair of shoes on the floor. The shoes______ mine.A. are; isB. is; isC. is; areD. are; are14. None of that money on the table ______ mine.A. isB. areC. beenD. have15. —Could you get me a piano, Mum? —There ______ enough room for one in our home.A. isB. areC. isn’tD. aren’t16. The family I am staying with _______ very friendly.A. isB. areC. wasD. were17. Our team ______ the World Cup!A. has wonB. have wonC. are wonD. is won18. Our country _______ great changes in the last 30 years.A. experienceB. experiencesC. has experiencedD. experiencing19. The police _______ having a meeting in their office at ten yesterday.A. isB. areC. wasD. were20. The number of people invited _____ 50, but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.A. were; wasB. was; wasC. was; wereD. were; were21. A library with 5000 books _____ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered22. I told him what I was surprised ______ his attitude towards his study.A. isB. wasC. at isD. at was23. On the wall ______ two large portraits(肖像).A. hangsB. hangC. hangedD. are hung24. All that can be done ________.A. has been doneB. has doneC. have doneD. were done25. The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is26. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest ______ more difficult.A. isB. areC. wasD. were27. The wounded(伤员) _______ by the hospital.A. has taken inB. has been taken inC. have taken inD. have been taken in28. The following _______ some other examples.A. areB. isC. wasD. were29. The whole class _______ the teacher attentively(认真地).A. are listeningB. is listening toC. are listening toD. is listening30. “All _______ present and all _______ going on well,” our manager said.A. is; isB. are; areC. are; isD. is; are31. The rich ________ not always happy.A. areB. isC. hasD. have32. He is the very thief that the police ________.A. is afterB. is lookingC. are afterD. are looking33. The third and last chapter(章节) _______ by Professor Chen.A. are writtenB. are writingC. is writtenD. is writing34. One third of the students in our school _______ girl students.A. isB. areC. wasD. were35. Many a writer of newspaper articles ________ to writing novels.A. has turnedB. have turnedC. being turnedD. are going to turn36. None of your projects ________.A. working outB. work outC. is worked outD. worked out37. Going to bed early and getting up early _______ a good habit.A. isB. areC. wereD. was38. I don’t think one hundered dollars _______ a big sum of monny to him.A. will beB. would beC. isD. are39. Neither of your suggestions ________ sense. (make sense:有意义;说得通)A. makesB. makeC. is madeD. are made40. Your trousers _______ dirty; you must have ______ washed.A.is; itB. are; itC. are; themD. is; them二用所给词的正确形式填空:1. ______ (be) everything OK?2. Nobody _______ (know) the answers to the question.3. Ten divided by two ________ (be) five.4. Most of the drinking water _______ (be) from the Black River.5. Not only she but also I _______ (do) morning exercises every day.6. Either you or he ______ (have) made a wrong decision.7. The family _______(be) spending the weekend together.8. Bread and butter ______ (be) her daily breakfast.9. The police _______ (be) trying to catch the thief.10. The number of the teachers in the school ______(be) 120.参考答案:一1——5 ABCCA 6——10 AABDB11——15 ABCAC 16——20 BACBC21——25 ADBAB 26——30 ADACC31——35 ACCBA 36——40 CACAC二 1 is 2 knows 3 is 4 is 5 do 6 has 7 are8 is 9 are 10 is。