初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习复习课程
- 格式:doc
- 大小:24.00 KB
- 文档页数:5
定义:主谓一致是指1。
语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2。
意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致.3。
就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词用动词复数.主谓一致的用法:1.单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。
例如:The desk is Tom’s。
这张桌子是汤姆的.Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里.The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球.2。
many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。
例如: Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
例如:More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。
例如:Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy。
2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn't a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
5。
主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习在学习英语语法时,主谓一致和就近原则作为常见的语法问题常常会让许多初学者头疼。
本文将以简单易懂的方式介绍这两个问题并提供相关练习,希望能够帮助大家更好地理解和掌握这两个语法问题。
主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称、数、时态方面的一致。
例如,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语应该使用第三人称单数形式的动词。
下面是几个例子:•He runs every day.(他每天都跑步。
)•She likes to read books.(她喜欢读书。
)•The dog barks loudly.(狗狂叫。
)需要注意的是,有些名词虽然是复数形式,但作为主语时仍需使用单数形式的动词,例如:•Mathematics is my favorite subject.(数学是我最喜欢的科目。
)•News travels fast.(消息传得很快。
)主谓一致在英语语法中非常重要,因为它能够使文章更加流畅易懂。
当主谓不一致时,会让听者或读者感到困惑。
下面是一些主谓一致的练习题:1.The boy ___ a new bike for his birthday. (buy/buys)2.The dogs ___ in the backyard. (play/plays)3.My sister and I ___ going to the beach tomorrow. (is/are)4.The teacher ___ the students to be quiet. (tells/tell)5.The children ___ playing games in the park. (enjoys/enjoy)就近原则就近原则指的是在使用情态动词时,应该选择最接近主语的动词。
例如:•Jenny and her brother can swim.(珍妮和她的兄弟都会游泳。
)•Jenny, but not her brother, should study harder.(珍妮应该更加用功,而她的兄弟则不用。
主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1、语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
Tom is a good student。
汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2、意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now。
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book。
这本书20美元太贵了。
3、就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk。
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型1、单数名词(代词)/不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground。
这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2、“a great/ good many+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
但“many a+名词”作主语,意义虽为“许多",但谓语要用单数形式.Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
英语语法——主谓一致(就近、就远原则)就近原则:也称“ 近原”“就近一致原” (Proximity),即:与靠近的名、代(有不一定是主)在“人称、数”上一致。
在正式文体中:1. 由下列接的并列主:"there be +句型 ; or ; either;⋯norr; neither⋯nor;whether ⋯ or;not ⋯ but; not only⋯but also"等;。
e.g.①What he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行或言都与我无关。
②N either you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没。
③N ot you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父受。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong . 不你了,他也了。
2. 在倒装句中:可与后面第一个主一致。
e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .在,能听鼓掌声和人的呼喊声。
②T here is (are) a pen and some books on the desk . 桌上有一支笔和几本。
II.非正式文体中:有依“就近一致原”,但也可依“意一致原”或格地依“ 法一致原”。
e.g.Neither she nor I were there (意一致)我和他当都不在那儿。
(非正式)Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(文同上句)(正式)但是,如果依“就近一致原”而与其他两原相矛盾,常常是不太合符范的。
e.g.No one except his own supporters agree with him .他自己的支持者同意他的意。
2020英语中考复习专题-----主谓一致讲解一、主谓一致的含义“主谓一致”指的是句子的主语谓语在“人称”和“数”上的一致关系,也就是说,谓语的单复数取决于主语的形式和内容。
二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况:语法一致,就近一致和意义一致。
(一)、语法一致:主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。
e.g. I often help him and he often helps me.不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数;可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语:(1)这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:① My brother and I have both seen that film.① Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.(2)这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and 后面的名词前没有冠词。
例:① The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.① Law and order has been established.① One more knife and fork is needed.①Bread and butter is our daily food.(3)这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例句:① Each doctor and(each)nurse was given a new shirt.① No sound and no voice is heard.① Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.2. 动名词,不定式,主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
2024年中考英语难点主谓一致一、主谓一致的基本概念英语中的主谓一致是一个重要的语法概念,它要求谓语动词在人称和数上要与主语保持一致。
主谓一致主要包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
❖语法一致是指谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致;❖意义一致是指谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致;❖就近一致是指谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。
以下是一些主谓一致的例句:The cat is playing with a ball. (主语“The cat”是单数,谓语“is playing”也是单数形式,符合语法一致。
)The students are studying hard. (主语“The students”是复数,谓语“are studying”也是复数形式,同样符合语法一致。
)The news sounds exciting. (主语“The news”虽然看起来像复数,但实际上是不可数名词,所以谓语用单数形式“sounds”,这体现了意义一致。
)Either you or he is responsible for the mistake. (主语由“either...or...”连接,由于“or”后面的主语“he”是单数,所以谓语用单数形式“is”,这体现了就近一致。
)中考真题分析:(2023年岳阳中考真题)3. Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________ in China this year.A.cityB. citiesC. citys解析:句子中使用了“one of the top 10 most beautiful”这个结构,表示岳阳是中国最美的十个城市之一。
由于“top 10”表示的是十个,所以需要用复数形式。
选项A的“city”是单数形式,不符合题意;选项C的“citys”是复数形式的错误写法,因为在英语中,city是可数名词,其复数形式应该是在词尾加“s”,即“cities”。
2024届九年级英语中考一轮复习【语法专题】主谓一致知识点考点总结(讲义)英语中主谓一致的含义有以下三个方面一,语法一致原则,二,意义一致原则,三,就近一致原则。
主谓一致,中考必考,掌握好这一语法点,对于写作提升也大有帮助。
一,语法一致原则主语和谓语通常在语法形式上取得一致,也就是说主语是单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
【单后单,复后复】①主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数He goes to the library every week.他每周都去图书馆。
②由and和both and连接,谓语形式用复数Mary and her best friend are talking about school.玛丽和她的好朋友在谈论学校。
③普通不定代词: either /neither/ another复合不定代词: some/ any /no/every-+ thing/ body /one ,谓语形式用单数Someone is knocking at the door .Could you please open the door?有人在敲门,请你去开门好吗?Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家为运动会都做好了准备。
④表“每一” :each /every /each...and each.../ every...and every...Each boy and each girl was given a gift.给了每一个男孩和每一个女孩一个礼物。
⑤由each/either /neither /one等加of加名词/代词复数做主语时,谓语动词用单数Neither of the books is good.这两本书都不好。
二,意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致,也就是说,主语所表达的意义,决定了谓语动词的单复数形式。
2024英语中考主谓一致原则详细讲解和讲义(三)第一.根据内容一致原则,谓语的形式应根据主语中的名词决定。
以下是关于主语中包含"all"、"half"、"most" 和"the rest" 的具体用法:1."All"(全部):当主语中包含"all" 时,谓语动词通常使用复数形式。
All the students are studying for the exam.(所有学生都在为考试而学习。
)All the books on the shelf belong to me.(书架上的所有书都属于我。
)2."Half"(一半):当主语中包含"half" 时,谓语动词的形式取决于后面所跟的名词。
Half of the cake has been eaten.(蛋糕的一半已经被吃掉了。
)Half of the students are late for class.(学生中有一半迟到了。
)3."Most"(大多数):当主语中包含"most" 时,谓语动词的形式取决于后面所跟的名词。
Most of the apples are ripe.(大多数苹果都成熟了。
)Most of the people enjoy traveling.(大多数人喜欢旅行。
)4."The rest"(剩余的部分):当主语中包含"the rest" 时,谓语动词的形式取决于后面所跟的名词。
The rest of the team is waiting outside.(队伍的其他人正在外面等待。
)The rest of the books need to be returned to the library.(其他的书需要归还到图书馆。
中考英语语法专项复习主谓一致主谓一致是中考英语的重要语法项目之一,从近年来中考的试题来看,中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。
考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择,完型填空等。
做这类题时,必须找出句子的真正主语,然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。
同时,要遵循三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数主谓一致概述:谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Both he and I are right.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。
主谓一致(就近、就远原则)就近原则:也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。
在正式文体中:1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。
e.g.①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II. 非正式文体中:有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。
e.g.Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。
(非正式)Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。
e.g.No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。
(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。
“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
英语就近原则短语1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇:as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例子:He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致单项填空专练主谓一致是历年中考热点之一,一般说来,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。
本文以往年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。
一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than, besides, including等+ 名词或代词连用时, 谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ________ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be2. A library with five thousand books ________ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered3. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play4. Nobody but Jane ________ the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD. is known5. All but one ________ here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were二、当either ... or ...; neither ... nor...;not only... but also...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。
6. Either you or the headmaster ________ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A. was handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ tired of having one examination after another.A. isB. areC. amD. be三、当“the only one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;当“one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。
8. He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been9. She is one of the few girls who ________ in the kindergarten.A. is well paidB. are well paidC. is paying wellD. are paying well四、当news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是复数概念,而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
10. Every possible means ________ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still notclear.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used五、当分数(百分数)+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。
11. ________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are六、the number of...(……的数目)短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;当a number of...(许多……)短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
12. The number of people invited ________fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons.A. were; wasB. was; wasC. was; wereD. were; were七、当“疑问词+ 不定式”结构作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
13. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided以上仅从七个方面归纳了主谓一致的特殊情况,但在实际学习中还不止这些,希望同学们在以后的学习中对此多加留意,以不断丰富、充实其内容,为未来高考做好准备。
参考答案: 1—5 AAABD 6—10 DBDBC 11—13 CCA。