定语从句讲义人教版九年级英语全册

定语从句

一、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。

1. He is a Chinese teacher. 他是个语文老师。（名词） 2. He is our friend. 他是我们的朋友。（代词）

3. I have three books. 我有三本书。 （数词） 4. He is a good student. 他是个好学生。（形容词）

5.The boy in red is my brother. 穿红衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。(介词短语)

二、找出下列句子的主干和定语

1、这就是救了那个孩子命的医生 2、正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.

3、我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐. . 4、住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.

5、会议室在讲话的那个人是一位工人. 6、我喜欢吃尝起来可口的食物.

7、我不喜欢那个戴眼镜的女生. . 8、我们都更喜欢会谱写优美歌词的歌手. .

三、精讲语法

（一）概念

定语从句：句子作定语叫定语从句。（即句子起修饰作用，修饰名词或代词）

学好定语从句，还应了解定语从句的相关术语：先行词、关系代词

被(定语从句)修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面，由

关系词引导，关系词要在定语从句中充当一定的成份（主语，宾语，定语，状语等）,但不翻译. 关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, 关系副词有where, when, why等。

Mary is a girl. Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子

Mary is a girl who has long hair. 玛丽是一个长着长发的女孩。

先行词是：girl 关系词：who

定语从句：has long hair

Everything that we saw in this film was true. 我们在电影里看到的一切都是真的。

（二）关系词的选用

1、当先行词指物，在定语从句中做主语时，关系词用which / that

或者说（被修饰的词指物，定语从句差主语时，关系词用which / that）

定语从句差主语，先行词(被修饰的词)指物时，关系词用which / that）

This is a dream which / that will never e true.

The dog which was lost has been found.

练习: This is the house _______________________(面向东方的)

The book _____________________________(躺在地上的) is mine.

2、先行词指物，在定语从句中做宾语时，关系词用which / that或省略

或者说（被修饰的词指物，定语从句差宾语时，关系词用which / that）

This is the card which / that I’ve just received.

练习：This is the mistake__________________________(我经常犯的)

I still keep the letters _________________________(他去年写给我的)

I lost the pen ________________________________(在我五岁生日时父亲买给我的)

3、先行词指人，在定语从句中做主语时，关系词用who / that

或者说（被修饰的词指人，定语从句差主语时，关系词用who / that）

如： 1.This is the film star who /that is very popular in China. (作主语)

2.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.

3. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?

4、当先行词指人，在句中做宾语时，关系词用who / whom / that或省略

或者说（被修饰的词指人，定语从句差宾语时，关系词用who / whom / that或省略）

如 ：The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）

The boy who(m) /that I am looking for is my friend.

The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.

小结： 指物的先行词做主语时，关系词用which/that;

指人的先行词做主语时，关系词用who/that;

指物的先行词做宾语时，关系词用which/that/省略;

指人的先行词做宾语时，关系词用who/whom/that/省略;

that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时，可以省略

which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.

who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，

可以省略,（常用whom）

定语从句中谓语动词的单复数如何确定？

注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词决定。

That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookstore.

The old woman who is wearing a pair of glasses is my grandma.21

如：I will talk to someone who ________(look) friendly. I love the people who_________(be) very outgoing.

5、关系词只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：

(1).先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody, nobody, everyone, no one时， 或被这些词修饰时。

That’s all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you?

He answered few questions that the teacher asked.

(2). 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时

That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.

(3). 先行词被the very, the only, the same, the last修饰时。

That’s the only thing that I can do now. These are the very words that he used.

(4). 主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.

Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost ?

(5). 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.

The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.

6、介词提前（定语从句的介词提到先行词的后面）时，指人的先行词后只能用whom ，即（介+whom）；指物的先行词后只能用which ，即（介+which）

如：I like the music that/which I can sing along with.

I like the music with which I can sing along.

The boy with _______ John spoke is my brother.

A. who B. whose C. whom D. that

7、先行词和定语从句的主语能构成所有格，表示所属关系时，关系词用whose，用来代替 his/her/their/its.

（定语从句不差主语和宾语时就考虑whose。）

如，The boy is my classmate. The boy’s father is a policeman.

The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.

练习: A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿).

A. who B. whose C. who’s D. which

巩固练习

1、用关系代词填空

1).The boy ____________ is playing pingpong is my classmate.

2).The email ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.

3).I hate people ______________ talk much but do little.

4).The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.

5). The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather.

6). Is there a student _________ father is a business man?

7). This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years.