中考英语总复习代词教案
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古之成大事者,不惟有超士之才,亦有坚韧不拔之志。
Every one can be successful,but there are so many
different ways.Which one could make it come true,it's up
to yourself! Just try your best to do it!
第三次课
一.主要内容
代词的分类,用法及区别
二.知识要点
1.代词的定义
代替名词以及起名词作用的短语,动词不定式,v-ing形式,从句或句子的词。
2.代词的分类
人称代词:I, we, you, he, she, it, them……
物主代词:my, your, his, her, our, their, mine, hers, theirs,ours……
反身代词:myself,yourself, ourselves, itself, themselves……
指示代词:this, that,these, those
相互代词:each, other, one another
疑问代词:who, whom, whose, which, what
不定代词:all,some,any,much,many,few,little……
关系代词:who,whose,that,which……
连接代词:who,whose,which,what……
1.人称代词 (1)人称代词的概念与形式
概念:表示“我(们)”“你(们)”“他,她(们)”“它(们)”的词。
人称代词的五种基本形式(包括相应的物主代词和反身代词):
人称 单复数 主 格 宾 格 形容词性
物主代词 名词性
物主代词 反身代词
第一
人称 单 数 I me my mine myself
复 数 we us our ours ourselves
第二
人称 单 数 you you your yours yourself
复 数 you you your yours yourself
第三
人称 单 数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复 数 they them their theirs themselves
(2)人称代词的句法功能
主格:用作句子的主语,放在动词前(疑问句式放在特殊动词后);
eg:She lives in Toronto, Canada.
Does he speak English?
宾格:用作句子的宾语,放在动词或介词后;
eg: Yesterday my mother bought me a new bike.
I lost my book,now I'm looking for it.
(3) 人称代词的用法
A. 出现多个人称代词,单数并列时,需要按照“你”,“他”,“她”,“我”的顺序排列;复数并列时,按照“我们”,“你们”,“他们”的顺序进行排列,即单数并列为you,he/she(him/her)and I(me); 复数并列为we(us),you and they(them)。如果需要承担责任,说话者这把I(me)或we(us)放在第一位。
Eg:You, she and I should work together and play together. 你,我和她应该共同工作,一起玩耍。
I and Li Ming broke the window. 我和李明把窗户打破了。
B.人称代词单独使用时,常用宾格而不是主格。
—I'd like to stay here for another week. 我想再在这里待一周。
—Me, too. 我也是。 —You are supposed to help Jack. 你应该帮助杰克
—Why me?为什么是我?
C. 下面两句中的情况,人称代词用主格和宾格都可以,通常认为主格较正式,用宾格是口语的用法。
My sister is two years older than i(am)/me. 我姐姐比我大两岁。
You are as tall as he (is)/him. 你和他一样高。
2.物主代词
概念:表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
(1)形容词性物主代词
形容性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词前,做定语。它们的人称,数和性别取决于它们所指代的名词或代词。
Eg: Thank you for your last letter.谢谢你上次给我写的信。
The government has changed its policy.政府改变了政策。
(2)名词性物主代词
名词性物主代词相当于名词,不能用于名词前做定语,它们的形式取决于所指代的名词,名词性物主代词在句中做主语,表语和宾语或与of连用做定语。
Eg:Ours is a great country. 我的国家是个伟大的国家。(做主语)
I forgot to bring my dictionary, could I use yours?
我忘了带字典,我可以用下你的么?(做动词的宾语)
He wasn't in my room,he might be in his.他不在我的房间,他可能在自己的房间。
(做介词的宾语)
Are those books yours,Daniel? 那些书都是你的么,丹尼尔?(做表语)
Jack is a friend of mine. 杰克是我的一个朋友(与of连用做定语)
3.反身代词 概念:表示“我(们)自己,你(们)自己,他(们)自己,她(们)自己,它(们)自己”的代词。
句法功能:与所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称,数和性别上保持一致,在句中做宾语,同位语,表语等。
Eg: Maria hides herself behind the door.玛利亚把自己藏在了门后面。(做宾语)
I'm not myself today.我今天不舒服(做表语)
I myself made the mistake about your address.我自己把你的地址搞错了(做I的同位语)
用法:强调性用法和非强调性用法
1. 强调性用法:
反身代词用于强调时经常作主语或宾语的同位语,一般置于所强调的词的后面;但如果不影响理解,作同位语的反身代词其位置比较灵活。
反身代词用于强调时要重读。
Eg: The manager himself served the customers. / The manager served the customers
himself. 经理亲自为顾客服务。
I told them I wanted to see the manager himself. 我告诉他们我要见经理本人。
在but, except, like, as 等词之后,或作对比时,宾格和反身代词都可以用,但后者的语气更强。例:
For my wife and me / myself it was a most enjoyable weekend. 对于我妻子和我(本人)来说,这是一个非常快乐的周末。
She is about the same age as you / yourself. 她的年龄和你(本人)差不多。
反身代词作介词宾语或动词宾语时,有时也可起强调作用。
Eg:He has been living by himself since his parents died. 他父母死后,他就一直一个人生活。(by himself = alone)
This matter is between ourselves.(without anyone else knowing)
这是我们两个之间的问题。
The enemy will not perish of himself.(of his own will) 敌人不会让他如愿以偿的死去。
She finished the job by herself. 她独自完成了这项工作。(by herself = without
help)
反身代词作表语时也可表示特殊意义。例:
I am not quite myself today. 今天我身体不舒服。(=I am not feeling so well as
I usually do)
2.非强调性用法
反身代词作动词宾语时常常是非强调性的。有些动词与反身代词成为固定搭配,请注意,汉译时“自己”多不译出。例:
A. behave oneself 有礼貌;规矩
He behaves himself well.他为人很好。
Behave yourself while I am away.我不在,你要规矩点。
B. enjoy oneself 过得快活
We all enjoyed ourselves in the party.我们在聚会上都玩得很痛快。
C. express oneself 表达自己的意思
Can you express yourself in English? 你能用英语表达思想吗?
He expressed himself satisfied.他表示满意。
D. present oneself 到场;present itself出现
He presented himself for a checkup at the hospital.他到医院接受体格检查。
When the cave door was unlocked, a sorrowful sight presented itself。 山洞门一打开,就出现了一幅悲惨的景象。
E. reveal itself 出现
Gradually sounds multiplied and life revealed itself.声音渐渐多起来,生活又开始了。
F. collect oneself 清醒过来,镇定下来