2013年四川大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷答案

一、名词解释

1 【正确答案】 Descriptive adequacy is achieved when a grammar not only produces

correct explanations for raw linguistic data, but also produces correct explanations for the

linguistic competence of the speaker and hearer.

【试题解析】 (考查描述充分性)

2 【正确答案】 Textual function refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to

make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text.

【试题解析】 (考查语篇功能)

3 【正确答案】 Illocutionary act refers to an utterance that accomplishes something in

the act of speaking something.

【试题解析】 (考查行事行为)

4 【正确答案】 Arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs have no

natural relationship, while motivation refers to the extent to which the individual works

or strives to learn the language because of a desire to do so and the satisfaction

experienced in this activity.

【试题解析】 (考查语言的任意性和二语习得的动机)

5 【正确答案】 Ideal speaker refers to the speaker who has mastered and internalized

the linguistic rules of his native language, or in other words, a speaker of a language who

has the ability to speak and understand the language in a grammatically-correct manner.

【试题解析】 (考查理想说话者的定义)

6 【正确答案】 Bound morpheme refers to those morphemes which cannot occur alone,

such as the plural morpheme"-s"in "cats" and the negative morpheme "dis-" in "dislike".

【试题解析】 (考查粘着语素)

7 【正确答案】 Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two

words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the

second word, or by only joining the initial parts of the two words. For example,

"breakfast" + "lunch"→"brunch" , "smoke" + "fog"→"smog".

【试题解析】 (考查混成法)

8 【正确答案】 Language use can be formal, neutral and casual in style. The stylistic

features of words, which make words appropriate for appropriate situations, constitute

stylistic meanings of words. For example, "father" is more formal than "dad" and "friend"

is more formal than "buddy".

【试题解析】 (考查文体含义)

9 【正确答案】 Loanword refers to the process in which both form and meaning of the

words are borrowed from other languages, with only a slight adaptation. For example,

English borrowed "tea" from Chinese, "sputnik" from Russian.

【试题解析】 (考查借词)

10 【正确答案】 Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different

meanings have the same form. For example, different words may be identical in sound or

spelling, or both. Such as "meet"—"meat", "pupil"(student)—"pupil"(the small round

black area at the center of the eye).

【试题解析】 (考查同音／同形异义现象)

二、简答题

11 【正确答案】 1．他喜欢假装自己是电子方面的专家。(1 point)

2．他的同伴一意识到可能会有麻烦，就离开了他，让他一个人承担责任。(1 point)

3．我们怀疑我们的计划是否能行得通。(1 point)

Idiom refers to the expression unique to a language, or in other words, the use of common

words with special sense.(2 points)English idiom may have four characteristics, namely,

idiomaticity, syntactic frozenness, semantic unit and semantic opacity.(1

point)Idiomaticity means that English idioms are vigorously and widely used in western

countries. Syntactic frozenness refers to the phenomenon that the structures of idioms are

relatively fixed. Semantic unit means that each idiom should be understood as a whole, and semantic opacity indicates that an idiom's sense is not predictable from the surface

meaning and the arrangement of elements.(4 points)

【试题解析】 考查英语习语的含义及特点。英语习语有四个特点：习用性(idiomaticity)、定型性(syntactic frozenness)、整体性(semantic unity)和不透明性(semantic opacity)。

12 【正确答案】 Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words of different

meanings have the same form, i. e. different words are identical in sound or spelling, or

both.(1 point)It contains the following three types; homophones, homographs and

complete homonyms.(1 point)When two words with different meanings are pronounced

alike, they are homophones, such as "meat"—"meet". Homographs refer to two words

with different meanings but are spelled alike, such as lead/li:d/—lead/led/. Complete

homonyms refer to two words with different meanings are pronounced and spelled alike

at the same time, such as "bank"(the financial institution)—"bank"(the side of a river).(3

points)

【试题解析】 考查同音／同形异义现象。同音／同形异义现象指不同词语的发音／拼写相同而意义不同，或发音和拼写都相同而意义不同。它包括以下三种情况：同音异义词、同形异义词和完全同音同形异义词。

13 【正确答案】 As one of the focuses of pragmatics, pragmatic reasoning is defined as

the process of finding the intended meanings of the given contexts.(2 points)Language

communication is composed of expression and comprehension, and the continual rotation

of the two makes the communication possible.(1 point)In a specific communication case,

the speaker should try to convey his meanings in proper language, and then the hearer is

expected to interpret the speaker's intended meaning out of the utterance. Pragmatic