2012年四川大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷答案

一、名词解释

1 【正确答案】 The emotive function of language is one of the most powerful uses of

language because it is crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or

against someone or something.

【试题解析】 (考查语言的感情功能)

2 【正确答案】 Grammatical concord is the requirement that the forms of two or more

words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories.

【试题解析】 (考查语法一致性)

3 【正确答案】 Coined by the linguistic anthropologist Kenneth Pike, "emic" and "etic"

derive from an analogy with the terms "phonemic" and "phonetic". "Emic" focuses on the

intrinsic cultural distinctions that are meaningful to the members of a given society, while

" etic" constructs are accounts, descriptions, and analyses expressed in terms of the

conceptual schemes and categories that are regarded as meaningful and appropriate by

the community of scientific observers.

【试题解析】 (考查位学的和非位)

4 【正确答案】 Regional dialect is a linguistic variety used by people living in the

same geographic region.

【试题解析】 (考查地域方言)

5 【正确答案】 It is a theory put forward by the American anthropological linguists

Sapir and Whorf, which states that the way people view the world is determined by the

structure of their native language.

【试题解析】 (考查语言决定论)

6 【正确答案】 Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and

grammatical context, and lexical context refers to the words that occur together with the

word in question. For example, the noun "rain" occurs together with "heavy" , while the

noun "wind" goes with "strong".

【试题解析】 (考查词汇语境)

7 【正确答案】 Synonymy refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning. A

total synonymy is rare and synonyms all differ from each other in one way or another.

Relative synonyms are context dependent. For example, "purchase" and "buy" are

synonyms, but the latter seems to be more appropriate in the sentence "A little

boy______a toy. " In the same way, "offspring" seems to be a better choice than "kids"

when we mention "the children from a royal family".

【试题解析】 (考查相对近义词)

8 【正确答案】 According to G. Leech, affective meaning is concerned with the

feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. For example, " politician" and " statesman"

differ in affective meaning, and the formal is usually more approvingly, the same story

goes with "cooperation" and "conspiracy".

【试题解析】 (考查情感意义)

9 【正确答案】 As a type of acronym, Initialism refers to the use of the first letters of

words to form a proper name, a technical term or a phrase, and the new word is

pronounced letter by letter. Such as BBC for British Broadcasting Corporation, and VOA

for Voice of America.

【试题解析】 (考查首字母缩略构词法)

10 【正确答案】 Stem refers to any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which

an inflectional affix can be added, such as "brother" in "brothers" , and "work" in

"working".

【试题解析】 (考查词干)

二、填空题

11 【正确答案】 in

【试题解析】 (set in开始)

12 【正确答案】 through

【试题解析】 (look through看穿)

13 【正确答案】 aside

【试题解析】 (set aside将……搁置一旁)

14 【正确答案】 out

【试题解析】 (run out流失)

15 【正确答案】 off

【试题解析】 (hold off推迟，拖延)

16 【正确答案】 up

【试题解析】 (hold up持续)

17 【正确答案】 through

【试题解析】 (fall through失败)

18 【正确答案】 from

【试题解析】 (run away from从……逃出)

19 【正确答案】 for

【试题解析】 (put in for申请)

20 【正确答案】 down

【试题解析】 (pull down摧毁，推翻)

三、简答题

21 【正确答案】 Polysemy refers to the fact that one word has two or more senses or

meanings, and the two processes leading up to polysemy are radiation and concatenation

respectively.(1 point)Radiation refers to the process in which the primary or central

meaning stands at the center while secondary meanings radiate from it in every direction

like rays.(2 points)Concatenation(linking together)is a semantic process in which the

meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts, like

the links of a chain, until there is no connection between the final meaning and the

primary meaning.(2 points)

【试题解析】 考查一词多义现象的形成方式。一词多义现象指同一个词具有一个以上的意义。多义词有两种形成方式，分别是放射法和联系法。放射法指多义词的其他词义均由主要词义发散而来。联系法指多义词的第一种词义经过演变，逐渐形成其他多种词义，后来形成的词义已经与第一种词义没有联系。

22 【正确答案】 Sound and meaning are related arbitrarily, which means there is no

natural relationship between a linguistic sign and its meaning. The relation between a

linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention. Even onomatopoeia is no

exception. For example, we cannot explain why a book is called a /buk/in English but a

/shu/in Chinese, and why a dog barks "wow wow" in English but "wang wang" in

Chinese.(3 points)

Duality means the language's property of having two levels of structures. Sounds here are

the units in the secondary level as opposed to words in the primary level. The only