钢结构常用钢材

d(a)●■d(a)●■厚度重量厚度重量边x厚kg/M边x边x厚kg/M边x边x厚kg/Mmmkg/m2mmkg/m220x30.889100x710.8370x45x43.570高x宽x厚kg/m高x宽x厚kg/m高x宽x厚kg/m11.522.533.54mm寸5.50.1860.2378039.550.20.201.57014109.941.145812.2854.403100x68x4.511.261100x55x4.59.4650x37x4.55.43880.1730.2400.2960.33961/810.02.000.3960.2220.2838544.556.70.251.96315117.825x31.1241015.1265.218120x74x5.013.987120x64x4.811.563x41x4.86.634100.2220.3140.3950.4620.51881/413.52.250.626.50.2600.3329049.963.60.302.35516125.641.459100x1217.9076.011126x74x5.014.223140x73x4.913.765x40x4.86.709120.2710.3880.4930.5860.5660.734103/817.02.250.8270.3020.3859555.670.80.352.74817133.530x31.3731420.6175x50x54.808140x80x5.516.890160x81x5.015.080x43x5.08.045130.2960.4250.5430.6470.7400.8200.888151/221.32.751.2680.3950.5020.43510061.778.50.403.14018141.341.7861623.2665.699160x88x6.020.513180x90x5.118.4100x48x5.310.007140.3210.4620.5920.7090.8140.9060.986203/426.82.751.6390.4990.6360.55110568.086.50.453.53319149.236x31.656110x711.9387.431180x94x6.524.143180x100x5.119.9120x53x5.512.059160.3700.5360.6910.8320.9621.031.1825133.53.252.42100.6170.7850.68011074.695.00.503.92520157.042.163813.53109.098200x100x7.027.929200x100x5.221.0126x53x5.512.318180.4190.6100.7890.9561.111.251.38321 1/442.33.253.13110.7460.9500.82311581.71040.554.31821164.952.6541016.6980x50x55.005220x102x9.031.069200x110x5.222.7140x58x6.014.535200.4690.6840.8881.081.261.421.58401 1/248.03.503.84120.8881.130.97912088.81130.564.39624188.440x31.8521219.7865.935220x110x7.533.070220x110x5.424.0140x60x8.016.733220.5180.7580.9861.201.411.61.7750260.03.504.88131.041.331.1512596.31230.604.71025196.342.4221422.8176.848220x112x9.536.524220x120x5.425.8160x63x6.517.240240.5670.8321.091.331.551.771.97652 1/275.53.756.64141.211.541.331301041330.655.10326204.152.976125x815.5087.745240x116x8.037.477240x115x5.627.3160x65x8.519.752250.5920.8691.131.391.631.852.0780388.54.008.34151.391.771.531401211540.705.49528219.845x32.0881019.1390x56x55.661240x118x10.041.245240x125x5.629.4180x68x7.020.174260.6410.9431.231.511.732.032.2710041144.0010.85161.582.011.741501391770.755.88830235.542.7361222.7066.717250x116x8.038.105270x125x6.031.5180x70x9.023.000280.6660.9801.281.571.852.112.3712551404.5015.04171.782.271.961601582010.806.28032251.253.3691416.1977.756250x118x10.042.030270x135x6.033.9200x73x7.022.637300.7151.051.381.702.002.292.5615061654.5017.81182.002.542.201701782270.907.06534266.963.985140x1021.4988.779270x122x8.542.825300x135x6.536.5200x72x9.025.777320.7551.131.481.762.152.462.76192.232.832.451802002541.07.85036282.650x32.3321225.52100x63x67.550270x124x10.547.084300x140x6.539.2220x77x7.024.999340.8141.201.581.942.292.632.96202.473.142.721902232831.18.63538298.343.0591429.4978.722280x122x8.543.492330x140x7.042.2220x79x9.028.453380.9121.351.782.102.592.983.35212.723.463.002002473141.29.42040314.053.7701633.3989.878280x124x10.547.888360x145x7.548.6240x78x7.026.860400.9621.421.872.312.743.153.55222.983.803.292202981.310.2142329.764.465160x1024.731012.14300x126x9.048.084400x155x8.056.1240x80x9.030.62833.544.5567233.264.153.602503851.410.9945353.356x32.6241229.39100x80x68.350300x128x11.052.794450x160x8.665.2240x82x11.034.396402.743.153.553.944.325.035.70243.554.523.921.511.7848376.843.4461433.9979.656300x130x13.057.504500x170x9.576.8250x78x7.027.410422.893.323.754.164.565.336.04253.854.914.251.612.5650392.554.2511638.52810.95320x130x9.552.717550x180x10.389.8250x80x9.031.335453.113.584.044.494.935.776.56264.175.314.601.713.3552408.286.568180x1233.161013.48320x132x11.557.741600x190x11.1104250x82x11.035.260483.333.844.344.835.306.217.08274.495.724.96菱形扁豆圆豆1.814.1355431.863x43.9071438.38110x70x68.350320x134x13.562.765650x200x12.0120270x82x7.530.838503.484.014.545.055.556.517.42284.836.155.332.51.914.9260471.054.8221643.5479.656360x136x10.060.037700x210x13.0138270x84x9.535.077513.554.104.645.165.676.667.60295.186.6021.621.321.12.015.7065510.365.7211848.63810.95360x138x12.065.689700x210x15.0158270x86x11.539.316574.004.625.235.836.417.558.63305.557.066.1232.217.2770549.587.469200x1442.891013.48360x140x14.071.341700x210x17.5184280x82x7.531.427604.224.835.525.166.787.999.15315.927.5425.624.424.32.519.6375588.8109.1511648.68125x80x711.07400x142x10.567.598280x84x9.535.823634.445.135.815.497.148.419.57326.318.046.963.52.821.9880628.070x44.3721854.408#####400x144x12.573.878280x86x11.540.219684.815.576.317.057.779.1710.53336.718.5529.528.428.33.023.5585667.355.3972060.061015.47400x146x14.580.158300x85x7.534.463704.965.746.517.278.019.4710.88347.139.077.8643.225.1290706.566.4062471.1712#####450x150x11.580.420300x87x9.539.173765.406.267.107.938.7510.3511.91357.559.6233.432.432.33.527.4895745.877.398140x90x8#####450x152x13.587.485300x89x11.543.88344.5567810367.9910.28.814.53.829.83100785.088.37325x16x30.9121017.48450x154x15.594.550320x88x8.038.083898.389.3810.3612.2814.1615.9319.48388.9011.39.8237.336.436.23.930.62105824.375x55.81841.1761220.72500x158x12.093.654140x62x4.913.3320x90x10.043.1071029.6710.8211.9614.2116.4018.5522.69409.8712.610.8854.031.40110863.566.90532x20x31.1711423.91500x160x14.0101.504160x64x5.014.2320x92x12.048.13110810.2611.4912.7015.0917.4419.7324.174210.8713.811.9942.340.540.24.232.97120942.077.97641.522160x100x1019.87500x162x16.0109.354160x68x5.015.3360x96x9.047.81411410.8512.1513.4415.9818.4720.9125.654512.4815.913.775.54.535.33125981.389.03040x25x31.4841223.59550x166x12.5105.355180x70x5.116.3360x98x11.053.46612712.1313.5915.0417.9020.7223.4828.854814.2118.115.6646.244.344.14.837.6813010211011.08941.9361427.25550x168x14.5113.970180x74x5.117.4360x100x13.059.11813312.7314.2615.7818.7921.7524.6630.335015.4219.617.0065.039.25140109980x56.21145x28x31.6871630.84550x170x16.5122.605200x76x5.218.4400x100x10.558.92815216.3718.1321.6025.0328.4135.025317.322.019.1050.148.448.15.543.18150117867.37642.203180x110x1022.27560x166x12.5106.316200x80x5.219.8400x102x12.565.20415917.1518.9922.6426.2429.7936.755518.623.776.047.10160125678.52550x32x31.9081226.46560x168x14.5115.108220x82x5.421.0400x104x14.571.48816820.1023.9727.7931.5738.975619.324.621.325952.652.46.551.03165129589.65842.2941430.59560x170x16.5123.900220x87x5.422.667891011125820.726.422.8787.054.9517013351011.87456x36x32.1531634.65630x176x13.0121.407240x90x5.624.021931.5236.6041.6346.6151.5456.4361.266022.228.324.5066.856.456.28.062.80180141390x68.35042.818200x125x1229.76630x178x15.0131.298240x95x5.625.850x32x4.44.8427345.9252.2858.6054.8571.0777.246324.531.226.989.070.65185145279.65653.4661434.44630x180x17.0141.189270x95x6.027.765x36x4.45.9032562.5470.1477.6885.1892.636526.033.228.721078.501901492810.94663x40x43.1851639.05300x100x6.531.880x40x4.57.0537772.2081.6890.5199.29108.026828.536.331.431186.3519515311013.47653.9201843.59330x105x7.036.5100x46x4.58.5942692.55102.59#####122.527030.238.533.301294.2020015701215.94064.638360x110x7.541.9120x52x4.810.47534.744.213102.1100x69.36675.339400x115x8.048.3140x58x4.912.3720x9157.80720x10175.101"2.42630x9137.80630x10152.90轻型槽钢YB164-63720x7123.50720x8140.50529x9115.40630x7107.50630x8122.70478x9104.09529x790.11529x8102.90426x992.55不等边角钢轻型槽钢YB164-63478x781.31478x892.73焊接管

1 一、各牌号碳素结构钢的主要用途:

1.牌号Q195，含碳量低，强度不高，塑性、韧性、加工性能和焊接性能好。

用于轧制薄板和盘条。冷、热轧薄钢板及以其为原板制成的镀锌、镀锡及塑料复

合薄钢板大量用用屋面板、装饰板、通用除尘管道、包装容器、铁桶、仪表壳、

开关箱、防护罩、火车车厢等。盘条则多冷拔成低碳钢丝或经镀锌制成镀锌低碳

钢丝，用于捆绑、张拉固定或用作钢丝网、铆钉等。

2.牌号Q215，强度稍高于Q195钢，用途与Q195大体相同。此外，还大量

用作焊接钢管、镀锌焊管、炉撑、地脚螺钉、螺栓、圆钉、木螺钉、冲制铁铰链

等五金零件。

3.牌号Q235，含碳适中，综合性能较好，强度、塑性和焊接等性能得到较好

配合，用途最广泛。常轧制成盘条或圆钢、方钢、扁钢、角钢、工字钢、槽钢、

窗框钢等型钢，中厚钢板。大量用用建筑及工程结构。用以制作钢筋或建造厂房

房架、高压输电铁塔、桥梁、车辆、锅炉、容器、船舶等，也大量用作对性能要

求不太高的机械零件。C、D级钢还可作某些专业用钢使用。

4.牌号Q255，性能与Q235差不多，强度稍有提高，塑性有所降低。应用不

如Q235广泛，主要 用作铆接与检接结构。

5.牌号Q275，强度、硬度较高，耐磨性较好。用于制造轴类、农业机具、耐

磨零件、钢轨接头夹板、垫板、车轮、轧辊等。

(二)各牌号低合金高强度结构钢的主要用途

低合金高强度结构钢旧标准称低合金结构钢，又叫普通低合金结构钢。

1.牌号Q295钢，钢中只含有极少量的合金元素，强度不高，但有良好的塑性、

冷弯、焊接及耐蚀性能。主要用于建筑结构，工业厂房，低压锅炉，低、中压化

工容器，油罐，管道，起重机，拖拉机，车辆及对强度要求不高的一般工程结构。

2.牌号Q345、Q390钢，综合力学性能好，焊接性能、冷热加工性能和耐蚀性

能均好，C、 D、E级钢具有良好的低温韧性。主要用于船舶，锅炉，压力容器，

石油储罐，桥梁，电站设备，起重运输机械及其他较高载荷的焊接结构件。 2 3.牌号Q420钢，强度高，特别是在正火或正火加回火状态有较高的综合力学

常用模具钢材

常用的模具钢种类有：

·预硬模具钢和模座钢

·整体硬化模具钢

·耐腐蚀模具钢

通常在以下情况使用预硬钢：

大型尺寸的模具；对耐磨性要求较低的模具；高强度模座板。

预硬模具钢经过表面处理，如氮化等，可以获得较高的耐磨性。如：718、618、738、P20M、NAK80等。

通常在以下情况使用整体硬化钢：

大批量生产；抵抗某些磨毛性的塑胶；承受较大锁模压力和注射压力的模具。所以具有最佳的耐磨性和抗压强度。

用整体硬化钢材作模具或模具镶块，例如：硬度在HRC48~60范围时，可获得较好的耐磨性、抗变形和抗凹陷及较好的抛光性能。模腔、浇口和分型线等区域具有良好的抗变形和抗凹陷性能，可保证产品的质量。 如：8407、635、XW10、XW41、ASP23等。

通常在以下情况使用耐腐蚀模具钢：

模具容易受腐蚀 塑胶模具的腐蚀原因：塑胶材料产生的腐蚀物，冷却水道出现腐蚀或堵塞会降低冷却效率，长时间停机，在潮湿的生产环境中操作或存放，常常会引起模具表面出现腐蚀。常用的：S136H、2316/2316H等。

如何选择最合适的模具钢材

模具制作者寻求的模具钢材应是无缺陷、易于加工和抛光、热处理质量稳定，在很多情况下亦要求钢材有好的电火化加工性能。所以钢材具有良好及均匀的加工性是十分重要的。 常用模具钢材

预加硬透明耐蚀镜面模钢 S136H 具有以下特性：

•优良的耐腐蚀性。

•优良的可抛光性。

•优良的耐磨性。

•优良的机械加工性

•淬硬时具有优良的稳定性

结合上列的优点，使得S-136有卓越的生产特性。而具备优良耐腐蚀的塑胶模具，更有以下的优点：

较低的维护费用：模具经过长期使用后，模穴表面，仍然维持原先的光滑状态。

常用钢材的牌号、性能与用途

双击自动滚屏 发布者：合金钢管网 发布时间：2009-8-31 阅读：23次 【字体：大 中 小】

牌号 等级 Qb/MPa 与旧

标准 用 途

Q195 —— 315～390 A1 用于制造承载较小的零件、铁丝、铁圈、垫铁、开口销、拉杆、冲压件以及焊接件等。

Q215 A

335～410 A2

用于制造拉杆、套圈、垫圈、渗圈、渗碳零件以及焊接件等。

B C2

Q235 A

375～460 A3

A、B级用于制造金属结构件、心部强度要求不高的渗碳件或碳氮共渗件、拉杆、连杆、吊钩、车钩、螺栓、螺母、套筒、轴以及接件；C、D级用于制造重要的焊接结构件。 B B3

C ——

D ——

Q255 A

410～510 A4 用于制造转轴、心轴、吊钩、拉杆、摇杆、楔等强度要求不高的零件。此负焊接性尚可。 B C4

Q275 —— 490～610 C5 用于制造轴类、链轮、齿轮、吊钩等强度要求高的零件。

注：牌号中的 Q 代表屈服点，后面数字代表屈服点数值

2 常用的优质碳素结构钢牌号及用途

钢组 牌号 热处理硬度HBS 用 途 类 （≤）

普通锰含量钢 15 正火 148 塑性、韧性；焊接性能和冷压性能均极好，但强度较低，用于制造受力不大，韧性要求较高的零件、紧固件、冲压件以及不要求热处理的低负荷零件，例如螺栓、螺钉、拉条、法兰盘等。 正火

回火 99～143

普通锰含量钢 20 正火 156 用于制造不经受很大应力而要求很高韧性的机械零件，例如杠杆、轴套、螺钉、起重钩等。还可用于制造表面硬度高而主部有一定强度和韧性的渗碳零件。 正火

回火 103～156

45 正火 197～241 用于制造要求强度较高，韧性中等的零件，通常在调质、正火状态下使用，表现淬火硬度一般在40～50HRC，例如齿轮、齿条、链轮、轴、键、销、压缩机及泵的零件和轴辊等。可代替渗碳钢制造齿轮、轴、活塞销等，但要以过高频淬火或火焰表面淬火。 正火